UMASS/AMHERST         « 


312Dtt>D13SS7aT4 


PN 

485f 

C3 


70 

17 


cop.  2 


LIBRARY 


MASSACHUSETTS 

AGRICULTURAL 

COLLEGE 


SOURCE.      W  fuTlds. 

4855 
C5 


cop.  2 


L -^^^- 


\A  xjdCo^    lyw   vJ-  '^-^■^    ^  - 


O-JDJ^-X-c-i^     Vjo-A^jlJUxuCaI 


01  O. 


This  book  may   be  kept   out 

TWO    WEEKS 

only,  and  is  subject  to  a  fine  of  TWO 
CENTS  a  day  thereafter.  It  will  be  due  on 
the  day  indicated  below. 


xri4"M 


to; 

A  3940 


THE  EDITOR  and  PUBLISHER 


Vol.    12.    No.    45 


AND  JOURNALIST 

Copyright,  1913,  by  The  Editor  and  Publisher  Co.,  13-21  Park  Row,  New    York,  N.  Y. 


NEW    YORK,    APRIL    26,    1913 


25    Cents    a    Copy 


^■^EDICATED  to  the  Press  of  the  United  States;  Greatest  Power  of  all 
^I— I  Ages  and  Climes;  Molder  of  America's  Liberal  Institutions;  of  Repre- 
■  ri  tentative  Government  the  Architect  and  Conservator;  of  Intellect's 
^I^V  Freedom  the  Champion  and  Guide:  Support  of  the  Weak  and  Check 
of  the  Strong;  Friend  of  the  Needy  and  Counsellor  of  the  Distressed; 
Foe  of  Corruption  and  Herald  of  Progress, 

These  pages  have  been  compiled  in  memory  of  the  men,  who  in  ages 
less  generous  and  less  enlightened,  cari'ied  the  torch  of  knowledge  and  battled 
for  human  rights,  high  ideals  and  social  betterment,  with  hardship  as  the  most 
certain  reward  and  ingratitude  the  surest  recompense;  to  whom  the  pillory 
of  public  scorn,  born  of  ignorance  and  vainglory,  had  no  terrors;  whose  per- 
severance knew  no  bounds,  courage  no  equal,  and  pens  no  fear. 

Within  these  covers  will  be  found  a  story  that  should  prove  an  inspiration 
and  the  keenest  encouragement  to  the  men  who  now  continue  the  work  of 
shedding  light  upon  the  dark  places  and  truculent  sores  of  the  body  politic, 
who  make  each  day  a  little  better  than  the  one  before;  whose  cultivation  of 
a  healthy  optimism  is  the  greatest  public  service  rendered,  and  whose  dis- 
inclination to  be  awed  by  the  mighty  or  swayed  by  the  shrewd  is  the  public's 
guarantee  that  the  avenues  of  human  advance  will  never  be  closed. 

>^       »^       ^ 

^TT  HOUGH  no  apologies  need  be  offered.  The  Editor  and  Publisher  avails 
^l  itself  of  this  opportunity  to  announce  that  the  history  of  journalism  as 
^^  here  sketched  in  broad  lines  is  but  the  initial  effort  in  a  field  of  great 
breadth,  one  in  which  preliminary  surveys  only  have  been  made.  The 
newspaper  report  of  to-day  becomes  history  with  the  morrow,  and  though  much 
that  is  written  is  discarded,  the  keeping  of  man's  record  has  resulted  in  a 
document  of  tremendous  proportions.  Happily,  with  the  story  told  we  are  not 
concerned;  the  methods  employed  in  its  telling  are  our  quarry,  and  in  future 
issues,  it  is  planned  to  give  them  closer  attention. 

To  the  present-day  newspaper  man  it  is  usually  not  apparent  that  he  is 
doing  an  important  and  lasting  work.  The  daily  edition,  to  be  sure,  is  an 
ephemeral  thing,  consigned  to  oblivion  with  the  close  of  the  form.  But  the 
effort  represented  by  it  remains.  Though  not  a  word  be  preserved,  the  influ- 
ence for  good  or  evil  exerted  upon  society'  contributes  to  the  shaping  of  the 
story  of  man.  In  i-ecording  the  events  of  the  day,  the  journalist  molds  the 
historj'  of  decades  and  centuries. 

It  is  meet,  therefore,  that  the  journalist  appreciate  his  true  position; 
that  in  the  creed  of  a  Watterson,  he  be  a  gentleman  in  every  sense  of 
the  word;  a  man  of  personal  and  mental  cleanliness,  fair  unto  all  and  con- 
siderate with  those  reached  by  him.  Our  profession  is  the  oldest  known. 
Physicians  were  but  quacks,  jurists  genuflecting  servants,  and  scientists  simu- 
lating imposters  when  the  chroniclers  of  old  reported  the  little  we  know  of 
man  in  antiquity.  In  such  a  sincere  manner  did  they  labor  that  the  scrutiny 
of  centuries  has  fastened  upon  them  but  few  transgressions  against  truth. 
That  the  successors  of  such  men,  humble  or  exalted,  have  good  reason  to  hitch 
their  wagons  to  the  stars  needs  no  iteration.  A  venal  press  is  a  social  misfor- 
tune; a  virtuous  journalism  the  hope  of  man.  Thus  everj'  effort  to  improve  the 
intellectual  quality  of  the  newspaper  man  becomes  of  value.  This  is  the  pur- 
pose of  the  present  publication.  ^ 

Other  efforts  along  this  line  will  be  made.  And  thej^  are  needed.  Gov- 
erned by  a  whollj^  natural  law,  it  will  be  a  long  time  before  the  effect  of 
schools  of  journalism  will  be  felt,  and  even  after  that  there  will  be  ample 
room  for  betterment.  After  all  it  is  not  technical  proficiency  that  makes  the 
press  good,  bad  or  indifferent;  qualities  of  the  heart,  rather  than  properties  of 
the  mind,  are  responsible  for  this.  A  thorough  understanding  of  his  position, 
and  his  obligation  towards  himself  and  society  are  more  essential  to  the  modern 
journalist  than  ought  else,  and  this  can  best  be  gained  by  taking  the  lessons  of 
newspaper  history  to  heart. 

3 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


A  Combination  That  Commands  Attention ! 


ONE  that  thorout^hly  and  profitably  covers  the  morning  and  afternoon  field  of  Pittsburgh,  Western 
Pennsylvania,  and  including  liberal  territory  in  Eastern  Ohio  and  West  Virginia. 
Any  advertiser  seeking  the  most  economical  and  best  channel  through  which  the  largest  returns  in 

dollars  can  be  counted  upon  as 
against  the  advertising  cost  will  find 
this  an  ideal  combination  invest- 
ment. 


m^t  ^iltsbur^l)  f  05t 


I 


(Every  Morning  and  Sunday) 

S   a   Home   newspaper   and   covers   its   territory    very 
thoroughly. 

Its  editorial  strength  is  measured  by  real  merit,  which  has 
given  The  Post  a  distinct  individuality  in  its  field. 

It  is  newsy,  clean,  complete  and  reliable;  gives  the  best 
market  and  financial  reports,  and  all  the  world's  happen- 
ings hot  from  the  wires. 

During  1912  the  Post  (Daily  and  Sunday)  gained  916,566 
agate  lines  of  paid  advertising  over  the  previous  year, 
including  marked  increase  in  circulation,  which  comes 
from  the  substantial  class,  who  want  what  they  want  and 
have  the  price  to  pay  for  it. 


Send  for  Sample  Copy, 
Rates  and  Information  of 
Details  Regarding  the 
Daily  and  Sunday  Post. 


The  big  field  covered  by  these 
two  newspapers  is  distinguished  for 
its  financial  position,  industrial 
strength,  productive  power,  den- 
sity of  population  and  distributing 
facilities. 

This  whole  territory  is  simply 
alive  and  teeming  with  multitudes 
of  money  makers  and  money 
spenders,  and  quite  naturally  is  one 
of  the  most  attractive  advertising 
fields  in  America. 


This  valued  combination  serves  a 
vast  multitude  of  buyers  who  read 
advertisements  because  they  believe 
they  can  serve  themselves  best  by 
taking  advantage  of  the  many 
commodities  offered  through  news- 
paper advertising. 

Here,  then,  is  concentrated  com- 
bination circulation  that  is  as  prac- 
tical as  it  is  powerful  for  its 
efficiency  in  reaching  buyers  for 
goods  through  economy  advertis- 
ing. Let  us  give  you  more  details 
about  this  combination. 


THE 


SUN 


I 


(Every  Afternoon  Except  Sunday) 

S  the  favorite   afternoon  newspaper  of  all   classes  in 
Pittsburgh  and  the  well-populated  zone  it  serves. 


Over  a  million  and  a  half  dollars  are  paid  out  in  wages  and 
salaries  every  day  in  the  district  covered  by  the  Pittsburgh 
Sun,  hence  "there's  a  reason"  why  local  advertisers  are 
liberal  users  of  The  Sun's  advertising  columns,  which 
resulted  in  a  gain  of  665,868  agate  lines  of  paid  adver- 
tising during  1912. 


The  progressive  record  of  notable  achieve- 
ment in  advertising  and  circulation  gains  of 
The  Sun  during  the  year  past  tells  the  story 
of  its  value  and  efficiency  as  the  best  after- 
noon medium  in  this  territory. 


EMIL  M.  SCHOLZ,  General  Manager 

CONE,  LORENZEN  &  WOODMAN,  Foreign  Advertising  Representatives 
NEW  YORK  (Brunswick  Bldg.)  KANSAS  CITY  (Gumbel  Bldg.)  DETROIT  (Free  Press  Bldg.)  CHICAGO  (Mailers  Bldg.) 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


THERE    IS    NOTHING   MODERN 

BUT  THE 

AUXOPLATE 


MORNING    DAILY,  EiyABLlSHCD   I  Be  5. 
EVENING  DAILY,  Establish  CO  16  55, 
SEMI-WEEKLY   ESTABLlSMFO  13  6  5. 
SUNDAY,  MORNrNGAND   EVENING 


^bdtii^iyi^ 


WORLD    PUBLISHING    COMPANY 
GILBERT  M.  Hitchcock; 


February  24th, 1913. 


Autoplate  Company  of  America, 
1  Madison  Avenue, 
Hew  York. 

Gentlemen: - 

Replying  to  your   Inquiry  as  to  the   oper- 
ation of  the   SEKI-AUTOPIATE  MACHIHE,  \ie  heg  to   say 
that   the  machine   is  working  perfectly  and  has  not 
^caused  ua  the   slightest  trouhle.  We  make  from  60 

to  200  plates  a  day  and  are  getting  more  prompt  and 
regular  press-starts  than  we  have  known  before  In 
years. 

We  are   going  to   reduce  our    stereotyping 
force  one  and  probably  two  men  and  believe  we  will 

lessen  the  efficiency  of  our  force  since  the 
3E1I- AUTO PLATE  is   giving  such   satisfactory  results. 


Yours  respectfully, 
WORLD  PDBLISHIira  COMPANY. 


^. 


V.    P. 


The  SEMI-AUTOPLATE  is  the  publisher's  greatest  help  towards  circulation. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

Boston  Library  Consortium  IVIember  Libraries 


http://www.archive.org/details/historyofamerica191819cape 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


AN     EIM  D  ORSEIVIEIMX 


During  the  Preceding  Six  Months 


652 


OF    THE 


MERGENTHALER  LINOTYPE 

WHICH      SF»EAKS      FOR      ITSELF 


Linotjrpes  Ordered  from  Our  Brooklyn  Factory  During 

October,  1912 Ill 

INJov^ember,  1912 114 

December,  1912     -     -     -     ■     131 

aanuar>^,  1913 14S 

February,  1913 142 

IVIarcb,  1913 166 

GAIN   157 


During  the  Six  Months  Just  Past 

(809) 


The  Buyers  of  These  Machines  Back  with  Their  Money  Their  Belief  in  Us  and  That 

The    LINOTYPE    Way    Is  the   Only  Way 


MERGENTHALER  LINOTYPE  COMPANY  I5K^  NEW   YORK 


CHICAGO:    1100   S.    Waba.h    Av 


SAN    FRANCISO:    638-646    Sacramento   Slreet 
TORONTO:    CANADIAN    LINOTYPE    LTD..    35    Lombard    St. 


NEW    ORLEANS:    549    Baronne   Street 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


In  Fort  Worthiexaslfs  The  Star-Telegram 
Now  30,000  Daily 

PAID"  CIRCULATION 


66 


vs. 


"PRINTED  and  CIRCULATED"  CIRCULATION 

Fort  Worth  Star-Telegram  circulation  statements  always  show  "sworn  net  paid" 
circulation  in  detail. 

Some  newspapers  make  statements  that  show  only  circulation  "printed." 

In  selecting  your  medium  do  not  be  confused;  bear  in  mind  the  difference  between 
sworn  "net  paid"  circulation  and  "gross"  circulation. 

Insist   upon   a   circulation   statement  that  shows   "net   paid"   as   well   as   "gross" 
circulation.  ^^_^^_^^__^^_^^^ 

Summary  of  Sworn  Statements  issued  by 
FORT  WORTH  STAR-TELEGRAM. 

9570  of  Star-Telegram  Circulation  is  in  Fort  Worth  Trade  Territory. 

Sworn  NET  PAID  circulation  for  1909 17,002 

Sworn  NET  PAID  circulation  for  1910 18,505 

Sworn  NET  PAID  circulation  for  1911 20,264 

Sworn  NET  PAID  circulation  for  1912 24,629 

Sworn  NET  PAID  circulation  for  last  six  months  of  1912 26,014 

Sworn  NET  PAID  circulation  for  January,  1913 26,815 

Sworn  NET  PAID  circulation  for  February,  1913 27,743 

Sworn  NET  PAID  circulation  for  March,  1913 28,651 

Any  of  these  statements  in  detail  upon  request. 
A  steady,  substantial  growth  accomplished  without  the   aid   of  Contests,   Premiums,   Reductions 
in  Subscription  Price,  or  other  circulation  schemes. 

GROWTH  IN  VOLUME  OF  ADVERTISING 

igii  1912 

Paid  Local  Display,  agate  lines 3,433,446  3,807,832 

"     Foreign      "  "  "    932,446  1,092,525 

"     Classified  "  "     987,914  1,126,272 

TOTAL    5,354,256  6,026,629 

A  gain  of  672,373  agate  lines  over  191 1. 

In  191 1  The  Star-Telegram  carried  24  per  cent,  more  advertising  than  was  carried  by  any  other  Fort 
Worth  paper. 

In  191 2  we  carried  32  per  cent,  more  than  was  carried  by  any  other  Fort  Worth  paper. 

The  Star-Telegram  is  the  only  newspaper  in  Fort  Worth  that  has  published  regularly  for  the  past 
four  years  SWORN  DETAILED  CIRCULATION  STATEMENTS,  SHOWING  NET  PAID  AS  WELL 
AS  GROSS  CIRCULATION;  it  is  the  only  paper  in  Fort  Worth  which  submitted  to  an  examination 
of  its  circulation  by  the  Association  of  American  Advertisers  when  requested  to  do  so  in  1912;  it  is  the 
only  paper  in  Fort  Worth  which  made  Sworn  statement  of  its  ownership,  circulation,  etc.,  to  the  Gov- 
ernment on  October  1,  1912,  and  April  1,  1913,  as  required  by  Act  of  Congress. 

To  cover  Fort  Worth  and  Fort  Worth  trade  territory  in  the  most  thorough  manner 
you  MUST  use  the  Fort  Worth  Star-Telegram. 

AMON  G.  CARTER  A.  L.  SHUMAN 

Vice-Prest.  and  General  Mgr.  Advertising  Manager 


THE  EDITOR  AND   PUBLISHES  AND   JOURNALIST 


101  Columns  Advertising  Gain  in  February 
122  Columns  Advertising  Gain  in  March 

77r  Columns  Advertising  Gain  in  First  Half  of  April 

These  straws  show  the  direction 

of  the  popular  wind  in 

New  York 


The  NEW  YORK  TRIBUNE 

published  in  the  interest  of  the 
PUBLIC  -  an  old  paper  with  a 
young  spirit — its  pages  full  of 
life  and  progress 

Has  received  the  stamp  of  pop- 
ular approval. 


"IT  HAS  NO  STRINGS  ON  IT" 


THE  EDITOR  AND   t>UBL][gltiER  AND   JOURNALIST 


THE  CHICAGO  DAILY  NEWS  is  inaugurating  an  intensive  campaign  to  advertise  to  its  readers 
the  value  to  lliem  of  tlie  paper's  advertising  columns.  Tliis  campaign  is  planned  to  run  through- 
out the  entire  year,  and  its  purpose  is  to  bring  the  paper's  readers  and  advertisers  into  closer 
relations  of  mutual  appreciation  and  confidence.  No  advertiser  who  has  used  The  DAILY  NEWS 
with  consistent  regularity  has  ever  had  occasion  to  complain  that  his  returns  were  not  up  to 
standard  and  more,  but  it  is  the  purpose  of  The  DAILY  NEWS  to  increase  to  the  utmost  the  respon- 
siveness of  its  readei-s  to  the  announcements  of  its  advertisers.  To  this  end  it  will  continue  to 
exercise  the  closest  discrimination  as  to  the  kind  of  advertising  accepted,  in  order  that  the  confidence 
of  its  I'eaders  in  the  integrity  of  its  advertising  columns  may  be  fully  justified. 

This,  then,  is  ^our  campaign,  Mr.  Advertiser,  a  campaign  primarily  in  ^our  interest,  an  effort  to 
give  you  more  and  more  for  your  money.  For  years  it  has  been  very  generally  recognized  that  The 
CHICAGO  DAILY  NEWS  gives  the  advertiser  more  for  his  money  than  any  other  newspaper  in 
America — a  conviction  based  on  considerations  consequent  upon  the  following  facts: 


1.  The  DAILY  NEWS  circulates  more  papers  in  the  same  area  than 
any  other  newspaper  in  th'^  world.  Of  its  March  daily  average  of  373,552 
copies  all  but  about  25,000  were  sold  in  Chicago  and  its  suburbs — over 
345,000  city  circulation,  which  is  more  than  fzuice  the  city  circulation  of 
any  other  Chicago  newspaper,  either  daily  or  Sunday — in  certain  instances 
3,  5  and  6  times  more  (in  one  case  probably  30  times  more).  It  is  esti- 
mated that  there  are  between  425,000  and  450,000  families  in  Chicago. 
Eliminating  those  who  do  not  read  English,  it  is  easy  to  understand  why 
The  Postoffice  Review  said,  "Nearly  everybody  who  reads  the  English 
language  in,  around  or  about  Chicago  reads  The  DAILY  NEWS." 

2.  The  DAILY  NEWS  enjoys  the  confidence  of  its  readers  in  a 
degree  not  equaled  by  any  other  Chicago  newspaper,  and  approached 
by  few,  if  any,  newspapers  throughout  the  country.  It  is  an  independent 
newspaper,  free  from  partisan  motive  or  bias,  accurate  and  impartial 
It  appeals  to  the  thinking,  dispassionate  reader  rather  than  to  the  unthink- 
ing partisan.  It  is  a  family  newspaper.  To  its  complete  local  and  domes- 
tic news  service  is  added  a  special  foreign  cable  service  unequaled  in 
extent,  completeness  and  cost  by  any  other  American  newspaper.  "Ihe 
DAILY  NEWS  maintains  its  own  foreign  offices,  with  its  own  exclusive 
staff  representatives,  in  London,  Paris,  Berlin  and  Pekin,  besides  special 
correspondents  in  Rome,  Vienna,  Dublin,  Stockholm,  Bergen,  Copenhagen, 
Sophia,  Cairo,  Gibraltar,  Belgrade,  Constantinople  and  si-xty  other  foreign 
news  centers.  This  has  been  its  news  and  editorial  character  throughout 
the  thirty-seven  years  of  its  publication.  Its  readers  have  become  attached 
to  it  through  the  natural  and  legitimate  influences  of  its  high  character, 
and  are  therefore  bound  to  it  by  deliberate  and  long-continued  choice. 
By  the  factors  of  time  and  honest  and  enterprising  service  it  has  won 
their  confidence,  and  retains  their  loyalty.  Thus  its  high  editorial  stand- 
ard has  given  its  advertising  columns  an  unusual  character  and  has  made 
the  purchasing  power  of  its  circulation  exceptionally  high. 

3.  The  volume  of  local  display  and  classified  advertising  is  univer- 


sally accepted  as  an  index  to  a  newspaper's  advertising  strength.  The 
DAILY  NEWS  publishes  a  preponderance  of  local  display  advertising. 
For  example,  the  January  and  February  totals  of  this  year  show  that  The 
DAILY  NEWS  printed  more  local  display  advertising,  6  days  a  week, 
than  any  other  Chicago  newspaper  printed  in  7.  The  DAILY  NEWS  is 
the  great  "Want  Ad"  medium  of  Chicago.  It  prints  a  greater  number 
of  "Help  Wanted"  advertisements  than  all  other  Chicago  newspapers — 
daily  and  Sunday  combined.  It  is  Chicago's  "Want  Ad"  Directory.  It  is 
the  great  advertising  Market  Place  of  both  the  classes  and  the  masses 
because  it  is  the  paper  of  all  the  people. 

4.  The  DAILY  NEWS'  advertising  rate  is  one  of  the  three  lowest 
in  America.  Its  minimum  display  rate  on  contract  is  less  than  one-tenth 
of  a  cent  per  line  per  thousand  circulation.  The  Publishers'  Guide  of 
January  gives  The  DAILY  'NEWS'  rate,  based  on  its  old  circulation  state- 
ment of  341,994  (.31,273  less  than  its  March  average)  as  .0139  per  mch,  as 
against  an  average  rate  of  .0238  per  inch  of  140  other  newspapers  in  the 
28  largest  cities  in  the  United  States.  And  this  notwithstanding  the  very 
high  quality  of  The  DAILY  NEWS'  circulation.  This  low  rate,  coupled 
with  an  extremely  responsive,  concentrated  clientele,  is  an  important 
factor  in  making  The  DAILY  NEWS  "America's  greatest  advertising 
medium." 

5.  The  DAILY  NEWS  is  the  standard  of  advertising  value  by 
which  all  other  American  newspapers  are  measured.  In  support  of  this 
proposition  we  submit  the  following  convincing  testimony  from  Printers' 
Ink  of  New  York,  than  which  there  is  no  higher  advertising  authority  in 
America : 

"When  Printers'  Ink  promised  a  sugar  bowl  to  a  paper  that,  among 
all  those  published  in  the  United  States,  gives  an  advertiser  the  best 
service  in  proportion  to  the  price  charged,  the  bowl  was  awarded  to  The 
Chicago  DAILY  NEWS,  and  no  one  has  ever  asserted  that  it  did  not  go 
where  it  belonged." 


TO    SUMMARIZE    IN    A    SENTENCE: 

The  CHICAGO  DAILY  NEWS  carries  more  advertising  6  days  a  week,  wields  a  stronger 
influence  with  its  readers,  has  a  larger  circulation  in  a  more  compact  territory,  and  sells  its  space 
at  less  cost  per  thousand  circulation  than  any  other  newspaper  in  the  United  States. 

Therefore : 

The  Chicago  Daily  Ne\¥s 

Americans  Greatest  Advertising  Medium 


JOH'N    B.   WOODWARD,    Eastern   Adverti.fling   Representative,      7nfl-710  Times  Hldg..  NEW  YORK 


10 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 

A  General  History  of  American  Journalism 

With  a  Unique  Historical  Introduction 

By   CHARLES   CAPEHART 


|OURNALISM  had  its  beginning  with  the  dawn  of 
history.  The  first  editor  was  a  primitive  man  who, 
with  a  sharp  piece  of  flint  and  a  rock  for  a  mallet, 
cut  rude  inscriptions  in  picture  form  upon  stone. 
Thousands  of  years  before  Christ  the  ancient 
Egyptians,  Babylonians  and  Assyrians,  representing  the  cul- 
tured races  of  that  epoch,  mastered  the  art  of  hieroglyphic 
writing,  and  left  behind  them  on  clay  tablets,  on  obelisks,  on 
slates  of  stone,  on  the  walls  of  tombs,  on 
coffins  and  inside  of  them  records  of  kings 
and  important  happenings  of  their  age.  Thus 
begins  the  story  of  ancient  Journalism. 

There  was  a  saying  among  the  Greeks  that 
"on  the  banks  of  the  Nile  it  is  easier  to  find  a 
god  than  a  man."  This  meant  that  the  ancient 
civilizations  that  had  flourished  for  centuries 
in  Egypt  had  left  behind  them  a  great  number 
of  statues  and  monuments  erected  in  honor  of 
the  kings  and  gods  they  worshiped.  As  a 
matter  of  fact  the  Egyptian  Kings  were  the 
first  to  deposit  in  coffins  prayers  to  their 
deities  and  to  write  hieroglyphic  reports  of 
their  own  good  deeds,  on  their  tombs  and 
obelisks,  which  were  erected  in  most  instances 
while  the  individual  monarch  still  lived. 

Scientists  who  have  studied  with  great  care 
the  records  that  have  come  down  to  us  have 
been  unable  to  determine  how  long  before  this 
man  had  existed  and  had  employed  stone  or 
clay  to  preserve  for  his  own  people  or  those 
who  should  come  after  him  a  record  of  his 
deeds.  It  is  quite  clear,  however,  that  while 
the  Egyptians,  the  Assyrians  and  the  Babylon- 
ians were  the  first  to  make  systematic  records 
by  means  of  figures  of  men,  animals,  plants  and 
other  natural  and  artificial  objects,  writings  of 
this  kind  were  known  long  before  Osirteseni  I., 
a  King  of  Thebia,  who  reigned  over  upper 
Egypt  and  the  Arabian  side  of  lower  Egypt 
3,600  years  ago,  erected  the  obelisk  bearing 
his  name.  He  was  the  builder  of  the  older  and 
smaller  part  of  the  great  temple  at  Thebes, 
known  as  the  Temple  of  Karnak,  on  the  east- 
ern bank  of  the  Nile. 

The  tombs  of  Beni-Hassan,  near  Antinop- 
olis,  which  were  begun  just  before  or  during 
the  reign  of  this  monarch,  were  grottoes  tun- 
neled into  the  hills.  Their  walls,  which  can 
be  seen  to-day,  are  covered  with  drawings  and 
hieroglyphics  describing  the  different  indus- 
tries, trades,  manufactures,  games  and  amuse- 
ments of  the  people  of  those  days. 

On  this  page  will  be  seen  a  picture  of  the 
coffin  in  which  Nes-Khensu,  an  ancient  royal  scribe,  was  buried. 
Nes-Khensu  made  his  own  coffin  and  inscribed  on  its  surface 
in  his  own  hand  a  message  that  has  come  down  through  the 
procession  of  the  centuries  to  our  day.  What  modern  journalist 
will  be  as  successful  as  he  in  perpetuating  his  name  and  history 
three  thousand  years  by  means  of  any  record,  written  by  him- 
self, that  may  be  buried  with  him  in  his  tomb? 

The  following  is  a  literal  translation  of  the  hieroglyphic 
inscriptions  seen  in  the  coffin:     "Nes-Khensu,  a  royal  scribe 


Khensu.  The  inner  coffin  in  which 
he  was  buried,  pictured  above,  was 
placed  in  anO'ther  hewn  out  of  g:ran- 
ite.  It  contains  a  story  of  his  life 
and  times.  A  little  over  a  century 
ag^o  the  Briti'S'h  [Kxcavation  Company 
unearthed  and  placed  it  in  the  Brit- 
ish Museum. 


of  the  offerings  of  Amen-Ra,  the  lord  of  the  thrones  of  all  the 
world  and  King  of  the  gods  at  Thebes;  the  son  of  a  libationer 
of  Amen,  Techet-Khensu-auf-ankh."  His  wife  was  a  priestess 
called  Tchet-Mut,  a  lady  of  the  college  of  Amen-Ra  at  Thebes. 
Symbols  and  emblems  of  the  gods  Ra  and  Osiris,  the  cartouches 
of  Amen-hetep,  first  King  of  Egypt.  The  sides  of  the  coffin  are 
decorated  with  figures  of  a  number  of  the  gods  of  the  under- 
world. Scenes  in  which  Amen-Mes  and  Nes-Mut,  relatives  of 
the  deceased,  are  represented  in  the  act  of 
making  offerings  to  the  gods  on  behalf  of  the 
deceased.  On  the  sides  of  the  coffin  Nes- 
Khensu  pictured  and  painted  some  of  the  acts 
of  his  devotion,  through  life,  to  his  gods. 
"The  deceased  making  an  offering  to  the  cow 
Hathor";  "An  offering  to  Osiris  Tanen,  to 
Osiris  Un-nefer,  prince  of  the  living";  "To 
the  Sphinx,  symbol  of  Amen-hetep."  "The 
jackal  drawing  a  boat  in  which  is  the  eye  of 
Ra;  the  wife  of  the  deceased  adorning  Tanen 
and  his  funeral  procession,  in  which  the  bier 
is  drawn  by  the  sacrificial  cow." 

We  cannot  help  speculating  as  to  the  num- 
ber of  centuries  that  must  have  passed  before 
this  style  of  writing  came  into  use  and  the 
characters  grouped  into  sentences.  The  first 
great  change  in  the  art  of  writing  was  the 
employment  of  figures  for  the  names  of  objects 
and  not  for  the  objects  themselves.  From 
these  came  the  ability  to  represent  a  sound  or 
syllable,  and  through  them  they  were  enabled 
to  represent  ideas,  feelings  and  actions  that 
could  not  be  expressed  in  pictures  alone.  The 
second  great  step  in  the  art  of  writing  was 
made  when  the  scribes  of  the  day  discovered 
that  twenty  or  thirty  monosyllabic  sounds 
came  into  use  much  oftener  than  the  others. 
These  were  vowel  sounds,  and  vowels  joined 
to  single  consonants  which  later  formed  the 
foundation  of  the  alphabet.  Although  the 
Egyptian  priests  did  not  evolve  the  alphabet, 
they  made  long  strides  in  the  right  direction. 
The  power  of  transmitting  thoughts  to 
absent  friends  or  to  future  generations  by 
means  of  a  few  black  marks  made  on  stone  or 
wood  is  such  a  wonderful  art  that  many 
scholars  are  of  the  belief  that  it  must  have 
been  communicated  to  the  forefathers  of  the 
human  race  by  Divine  Power;  otherwise  it  is 
difficult  to  account  for  its  presence  among  all 
peoples  of  the  earth  from  the  dawn  of  civil- 
ization. 

None  of  the  monuments  of  Egypt  are  more 
interesting  and  perhaps  more  ancient  than 
those  bearing  the  hieroglyphic  names  for  the  months,  the  half 
months  and  weeks.  The  Egyptians  divided  the  year  into  three 
parts — the  season  of  vegetation,  the  season  of  harvest  and  the 
season  of  the  inundation  of  the  Nile  Valley.  Each  of  the  seasons 
are  divided  into  the  first,  second,  third  and  fourth  months,  and 
every  month  into  thirty  days.  At  some  unknown  time  days 
were  added  which  were  called  by  the  Greeks  the  Epagmenae. 
In  reckoning  time  this  civil  year  of  365  days  was  in  constant 
use  from  1322  B.  C.  for  1,461  years. 


11 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


At  that  time  the  months  began  a  whole  season  too  early  foi* 
their  names,  the  month  of  Thoth,  the  first  month  of  vegetation, 
being  soon  after  mid-summer,  or  at  the  beginning  of  the  inunda- 
tion. The  question  is  naturally  asked,  When  was  the  calendar 
rearranged  so  that  the  names  of  the  months  corresponded  to 
the  seasons? 

It  is  claimed  by  many  scientists  that  Julius  Caesar,  about 
forty-five  years  B.  C,  through 
the    help    of    Sosigenes,    an 
Alexandrian  philosopher,  em-       ^ 
ployed  the  old  Egyptian  cal-       ''Jmuij.-  - 
endar   to   form   our    present-        f^ 
day    calendar    of    365    days.        S 
Astronomers     now     measure        |     . 
the  length  of  years  and  days        |  - 
by  so  many  revolutions  of  the       .f  ', 

earth  and  the  earth's  revolu-         ■; 

tions  around  the  sun.  This 
particular  mention  of  the  cal- 
endars of  both  ancient  times 
and  of  the  present  day  has  no 
special  bearing  on  the  history 
of  journalism  except  that  it 
proves  the  accuracy  of  those 
old  Egyptian  writers. 

We  still  wonder  how  the 
ancients  were  able  to  devise 
methods  of  keeping  accurate 
records  of  the  flight  of  sea- 
sons and  years  in  the  ab- 
sence of  a  knowledge  of  the 
scientific  principles  that  have 
developed  in  comparatively  \;  ,  p  ,  i-lna  °"mi"ws  a  a  «  i  i 
modern  times.  That  they  je-i's  oia. 
were  successful  in  measuring 

time  and  in  preserving  the  records  of  historical  events  in  their 
proper  order  is  shown  by  the  inscriptions  found  on  the  walls 
of  tombs  and  on  the  obelisks.  It  is  quite  possible  that  the 
method  employed  by  them  had  its  origin  among  people  who 
lived  thousands  of  years  before  the  Egyptians,  and  was  handed 
down  from  one  generation  to  another  by  word  of  mouth. 

Babylonian     and     Assyrian 
.Journalism. 


A  PAP-S-RirS  NEWS  SHEET,  5,000  YEABS    OLD. 

another  style  of  news  records  of  ancient  Egyptia 
■etui,   sedgy   )il:nit,    sin^-iiod    t!ic    f;ivorlle  writing 


Papy 


lined 


\m 


nil* 


Chceac. 


Athyr. 


era 


nil 

/WW* 


Pharmuthi. 


Phamenoth. 


While  most  historians  point  to 
the  ancient  Egyptians  as  the  first 
race  of  men  to  leave  their  records 
of  events  in  such  shape  that  they 
have  been  handed  down  through 
ages  of  civilization,  we  must  look 
to  the  ancient  Babylonians  and 
Assyrians  for  some  of  the  most 
beautiful  facts  upon  which  our 
present-day  language  and  writ- 
ings are  founded. 

We  find  records  of  kings  who 
reigned  as  far  back  as  B.  C.  1850. 
Ismi-dagan,  an  ancient  Assyrian 
king,  is  revealed  to  us  through 
hieroglyphics  inscribed  on  monu- 
ments,   and    baked    Clav   tablets,    a  ,    ^.  The  above  picture  represents 

lation  shows  that  it  was  much  h 

kind   of  terra  cotta.     The  most 
remarkable  features  of  Assyrian 

civilization  was  its  literature  and  libraries  of  clay  tablets.  It 
is  to  these  records  that  we  owe  most  of  our  present  knowledge 
of  the  early  history  of  that  people.  The  principal  Assyrian 
library  was  at  Nineveh,  and  the  monarch  who  did  most  for 
Assyrian  literature  was  Assur-bani-pal,  the  Sardonapulus  of 
the  Greeks,  to  whose  time  the  majority  of  the  tablets  belonged. 
Several  hundreds  of  these  clay  tablets  are  in  the  British  Museum 


9.^  AVA\  9^A«vm 


niiV 


fif 


Mesorc. 


Epiplii. 


While  the  Babylonians   and   Assyrians   drew   pictures   and 
were  gifted  in  the  art  of  carving,  their  style  of  lettering  appears 
more  modern  than  it  really  is.     The  originals  of  the  examples 
of  early  Babylonian  and  Assyrian  Journalism  depicted  in  the 
following  pages  were  examined  in  the  British  Museum  by  the 
writer.     The  letters  are  uniform  in  appearance  without  refer- 
ence to  pictures  of  hawks,  snakes  and  vegetables.    It  is  said  that 
this  writing   is   very  similar 
to    that   of   the    ancient    He- 
brew.    Here    we    find    what 
seems  to  be  the  first  spelling 
book.    We  think  a  great  deal 
of    our    Webster    and    other 
standard   dictionaries   of   to- 
day and  could  not  very  well 
get  along  without  them,  but 
the   Babylonian   syllabary   or 
spelling  book,   written   B.   C. 
442,   and  shown  on  page  6, 
was  as  important  in  its 
day. 

Nearly     every     journalist 
knows  that  news  letters  pre- 
ceded the  newspaper.     Early 
in  the  history  of  our  own  na- 
tion    our     forefathers     were 
obliged   to    depend   for   their 
news   upon   news   letter  wri- 
ters.     That  the   Babylonians 
and  Assyrians  knew  the  art 
of  letter  writing  3,000  years 
ago  is  shown  by  a  reproduc- 
tion on  page  6  of  one  of  these 
ancient  news  letters  which  is 
now  in  the  British  Museum. 
We  have  heard  the  story  of  Noah  and  his  Ark  and  the  flood 
that  covered  all  the  earth  many  times  since  we  first  went  to 
Sunday-school.    But  it  is  not  generally  known  that  ancient  Baby- 
lonian clay  tablets  antedating  by  some  centuries  the  Hebrew, 
historians  tell  practically  the  same  story. 

The  story  of  the  Creation  and  the  story  of  the  deluge  may 
be  seen  on  clay  tablets  in  the 
British   Museum. 

Attention  is  called  to  these 
ancient  records  for  the  purpose 
of  showing  the  original  trend 
of  what  is  now  called  journalism. 
In  the  foregoing  paragraphs  I 
have  endeavored  to  show  a  little 
of  what  has  been  learned  con- 
cerning the  beginnings  of  pic- 
tured and  written  thought. 

It  was  man's  desire  to  ex- 
press in  words  and  signs  his 
devotion  to  a  supreme  being  that 
brought  to  us  the  world  of  his- 
torical knowledge  that  we  now 
possess.  That  desire  is  traced 
back  through  the  ages  of  an- 
tiquity only  through  the  chan- 
nels of  journalism,  or  by  written 
records  such  as  have  been  repro- 
duced in  these  pages.  The  world 
would  be  little  more  than  a  cave  dwelling  place  had  it  not  been 
for  the  records  that  have  come  down  to  us  through  thousands  of 
years,  even  though  many  of  these  chronicles  were  chiseled  in 
granite  by  idolatrous  nations.  It  must  be  remembered  that 
the  words  written,  pictured  and  printed  in  relation  of  Jour- 
nalism are  as  numerous  as  the  sands  of  time  and  this  story  must 
suggest  enough  material  to  fill  ten  or  twelve  volumes. 


w 


Paophi. 


Thoth. 


<^    jvwa 


Mechir. 


Tybi. 


>  A\WA 


Pajni. 


Pachon. 


calendu 


12 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


Ancient  Hebrew  Writings. 

Among  the  ancient  inscriptions  and  writings  on  monuments 
and  other  imperishable  materials,  there  is  none  more  interesting 
than  the  ancient  Hebrew,  which 
is  by  right  a  semetic  language. 
Aramaic  (from  the  Hebrew 
Aram)  was  spoken  in  Northern 
Syria,  IVIesopotamia  and  Bab- 
ylon. The  Jews  spoke  a  dia- 
lect of  that  language  and  after 
their  return  from  captivity  at 
Babylon,  B.  C.  536,  adopted  the 
Hebrew  as  their  sacred  lan- 
guage. The  Hebrew-Aramaic 
was  a  tongue  in  which  Christ 
and  His  disciples  conversed. 
"The  ancient  Hebrew  shares 
the  imperfections  of  the  Semetic 
branch  of  languages  to  which 
it  belongs,"  says  Quackenbos, 
"and  it  is  one  of  the  oldest  of 
tongues,  the  .Jews  claiming  that 
it  was  the  original  language  of 
the  human  race." 

Its    name    is    derived    from 
Heber,  an  ancestor  of  Abraham, 
and  consequently  of  the  people 
who  spoke  the  classical  tongue 
of  the  Old  Testament.     In  the 
days  of  Abraham,  whose  father 
dwelt  in  "Ur  of  the  Chaldees," 
about  B.   C.  2000,  the   Semetic 
dialect  differed  very  little  from 
the  Hebrew.      The  old  Hebrew 
alphabet  only  contained  twelve 
letters,  this  number  being  after- 
wards increased  to  twenty-two. 
The  most  ancient  Semetic  poetry 
is  found  in  the  Hebrew  of  the 
oldest     books     of     the     Bible. 
Nearly  one-half  of  their  sacred        i>resent-dar 
writings  was  written  in  verse, 
chiefly  lyrical,  ranging  from  the  simplest  to 
the  sublimest  strains  of  prophecy.       Quack- 
enbos says:  "Other  literatures  boast  of  their 
epics  and  dramas ;  but  the  Hebrew,  without 
either,  has  exerted  a  far  more  exalted  influ- 
ence on  the  human  mind  than  any  other." 

"Their  language  is  significant  and  strik- 
ing, their  thoughts  lofty  and  solemn,  their 
tone  severely  moral,  their  themes  of  the 
deepest  interest  to  man.  What  wonder  that 
the  Hebrew  poets  tower  above  the  sublimest 
writers  of  their  times  and  countries?" 
"Whatever,"  says  Taylor,  "possesses  most  of 
simple  majesty  and  force,  whatever  is  most 
fully  fraught  with  feeling,  whatever  draws 
away  the  soul  from  its  cleaving  to  the  dust 
and  lifts  the  thoughts  toward  a  brighter 
sphere — all  such  elements  \\'e  owe  directly  or 
indirectly  to  the  Hebrew  Scriptures,  espe- 
cially those  parts  that  are  in  spirit  and  form 
poetic." 

The  earliest  Hebrew  writer  of  whom  we 
have  positive  knowledge  was  Moses,  the 
author  of  the  greater  part  of  the  Pentateuch, 
the  first  five  books  of  the  Old  Testament, 
called  by  the  Jews  "The  Book  of  the  Law." 
Every  newspaper  man  is  more  or  less  familiar 
with  the  history  of  the  life  and  times  of  this  Giant  of  his- 
tory.    SuflSce  it  to  say  that  his  influence  still  lives.     In  the 


t  we  caU  r 
V  of  the  m 
killed  by 


THE      FIRST      KNOWN      MAP      O] 
WORLD. 

Tliis   Babylonian    map   is   jfi-obably 


planatory  table. 


city  of  Piome  stands  a  colossal  statue  of  Moses,  the  work 
of  Micheal-Angelo.  It  is,  of  course,  a  creation  of  the 
artist's  imagination,  as  are  thousands  of  other  sculptured  and 
painted  pictures  representing 
men  and  women  whose  real 
likenesses  were  never  made 
while  they  lived.  Nevertheless, 
Moses  made  a  lasting  impres- 
sion upon  the  minds  of  the 
whole  world.  The  laws  he  laid 
down  in  the  wilderness  near 
Mt.  Sinai  are  the  basic  founda- 
tion of  all  our  modern  govern- 
ments. Rawlinson's  ancient 
history  states  that  the  "Au- 
thenticity of  Moses  works  as 
part  of  God's  word  has  been 
disputed  from  time  to  time;  but 
neither  Jews  nor  Christians 
doubt  its  inspiration.  If  either 
of  these  religious  sects  doubted 
it,  they  would  have  to  build  a 
new  foundation  for  their 
churches." 

The  Phoenician  Language. 

The  Phoenician  alphabet,  it 
is  asserted  by  some  historians, 
was  composed  of  twenty-four 
letters,  and  were  more  mod- 
ernly  arranged,  grammatically 
speaking,  than  any  other  of  its 
day.  The  narrow  strip  of  coast 
land  between  the  Libanus 
Mountains  and  the  Mediter- 
ranean Sea  was  recognized  as 
an  important  center  of  civiliza- 
tion. Its  cities  were  seats  of  art 
and  commerce;  Africa,  Sicily 
and  Spain  were  dotted  with  its 
'ons.  colonies    and    trading    stations ; 

the  sails  of  its  merchantmen 
were  stretched  on  every  known  sea  and  its 
language  known  throughout  the  ancient 
world.  Kirjath-Sepher  was  known  as  the 
famous  "Book  City"  during  the  conquest  of 
Canaan.  The  name  of  this  city  implies  that 
it  was  a  repositorj'  of  books,  said  to  be  those 
of  public  records  and  works  of  law.  One  im- 
portant Phoenician  writer  known  to  us  is 
Sanchoniathon.  "Fragments  of  his  history, 
written,"  Quackenbos  says,  "perhaps  in  the 
fourth  century  before  Christ,  liave  survived 
through  a  Greek  translation." 

Grecian  Journalism. 

While  the  Phoenicians  were  winning 
maritime  supremacy,  and  achievements  in 
art  and  science  were  spreading  the  renown 
of  Egypt  throughout  all  countries,  a  simple 
agricultural  people  were  quietly  moving 
westward  toward  Greece  and  Italy.  It  has 
ever  been  man's  ambition  to  migrate  west- 
ward. These  Pelasgic  tribes,  as  they  were 
formally  called,  were  the  ancestors  of  Greece 
and  Rome.  The  ancient  Greeks  themselves 
claimed,  with  pride,  to  have  sprung  direct 
from  the  earth  (just  as  the  Jews  claimed  to 
be  the  chosen  people  of  God),  and  a  golden 
grasshopper,  worn  in  the  hair  as  an  ornament  by  the  women  of 
Athens,  point  to  this  belief  in  their  autochthony. 


THE   BABTLONIAN   CHRONICLH. 

iblet  in  the  Babylonian  character,   with  a  chronicle 

I    events    which    tooli    place   in    Babylonia   and    Assy 

;ar  of   the  reigrn  o£  Nabu-nasir.  Kin^  of  Babylon.  B, 

eral    events   inscribed    which   give   separate   reports 

of  that  day.     Tliese  news  items  are  separated  by  11 

les)   drawn  between  the  paragraphs.      In  column  th 

ition  of  Sennachherib.  King  of  Assy 

20th  day  of  the  month  Tebet.  in 

■n  the  same  style  as   so 

of  assassinations. 


nd  Babvlo 
jpper  ).art 
icription.    a 


of  the   tablet 


13 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


These  newcomers  were  the  Hellenic  race,  identical  with  the 
Phoenician  in  origin,  but  forced  to  a  higher  state  of  develop- 
ment in  the  garden  of  Asiatic  culture  and  ready  to  burst  into  a 
blossom  on  the  soil  of  Greece.  They  were  a  people  of  greater 
vigor,  physically  and  in- 
telligently. They  formed 
a  new  nation  and  endowed 
it  with  new  life,  and  with 
their  Pelasgic  dialect  modi- 
fied by  that  of  their  kins- 
men in  the  Greek  peninsu- 
la, they  evolved  a  lan- 
guage which  was  destined 
to  teach  the  whole  world  in 
arts  and  classics.  These 
Greeks  had  a  popular  prov- 
erb, "Do  nothing  too 
much,"  which  they  applied 
in  writings  as  in  acting. 

"Ancient  Greek,"  says 
Quackenbos,  "is  the  most 
musical  language  of  the 
Indo-European  group.  No 
monotonous  repetition  mars 
the  harmony  of  Greek.  It 
presents  a  pleasing  variety 
in  its  vowel  sounds."  "The 
earliest  forms  of  poetry 
were  hymns  to  the  deities. 
The  religion  of  the  ancient 
Greeks  was  a  worship  of 
Nature.  Imagination  peo- 
pled every  nook  of  their 
picturesque  land  with  su- 
pernatural beings,  and 
each  was  propitiated  with 
song,  from  the  wood  nymph 
supposed  to  reside  in  the 
spreading  oak  to  the  Sun- 
god  Apollo,  who,  with  the  'Nine  Muses,'  the  godesses  of  poetry, 
abode  on  snow  crowned  Parnassus.  To  Mother  Earth  were 
poured  forth  strains  of  glowing  gratitude  for  her  bounty ;  the 
god  of  wine,  Bacchus,  was  hymned  with  lively  lays  in  praise  of 
revelry,  and  the  burden  of  sacred  songs  varied  with  the  char- 
acter of  the  divinity. 

"The  delights  and  sorrows  of 
domestic  life  also  found  utterance 
in  verse;  when  the  bride  was 
escorted  to  her  new  home  the  nup- 
tial song  was  sung,  and  for  the 
dead  the  funeral  dirge  was 
chanted." 

Thus  was  laid  the  foundation 
of  Greek  letters.  From  such 
rude  beginnings  the  Greek  imagi- 
nation, by  strides  unparalleled  in 
history,  mounted  to  the  grandest 
heights  ever  attained  in  poetry. 
Moreover,  to  original  Greek  we 
owe  the  different  varieties  of  lit- 
erary composition — epic,  lyric  and 
dramatic  poetry,  history,  eriti- 
cism  and  oratory. 

This  same  Greek  literature  is 
taught  in  our  high  schools  and 
universities,  and  our  libraries 
throughout    the    country    contain 

copies  of  Grecian  journalism  that  has  helped  to  inspire  the  liter- 
ature of  the  ages  influencing,  no  doubt,  our  present-day  editors 
and  publishers  to  loftier  ideals. 


BAKEB    CI.A'X'    NEWS    IiETTEB. 

The  style  of  news-letter  writing  in 
vog'ue  between  the  Assyrians  and  the 
Egyptians  B.  C.  1450.  One  side  of  a  two- 
sided  letter  on  a  clay  tablet  received  by 
Amenophis,  third  King  of  Egypt,  from 
Tushratta,  King  of  Mitani.  aclcnowledg- 
ing  receipt  of  dispatches  and  referring 
to  the  friendship  which  existed  between 
the  royal  houses  of  Mitani  and  Egypt.  It 
also  contains  announcements  of  the  dis- 
patch of  a  number  of  gifts  to  Amenophis 


the   daughter    of   Tushratta,    who 


A 

baked 

clav  cvlinde 

•  tablet,  B. 

C.    3750, 

owned 

by  Kin 

g  Nab 

nidus 

of  Babylon,  ^ 

riho  describe 

s  himself  "a 

s  the  great  ki 

g,  the 

■nighty  king 

of   all 

ithe    V 

rarld,    the    k 

ng    of   the 

;our    qu 

arters 

of    the 

heave 

earth. 

and  he   states   that   "before   his   birth 

the   g 

)ds   Sin 

and  Nergal 

had  a 

signet 

to  him  a  r 

nyal  destinj 

The  god   Sin 

in  tin- 

es  pas 

:    was 

wroth 

with 

his    people. 

and    brough 

;    the    Scythiai 

s    into 

the    o 

tv    of 

Harra. 

n,    whe 

re    they    des 

troyed    the 

temple 

called 

E-khu: 

"      A 

great 

deal  of  the  t 

ext  is  a  desc 

rtption  of  this  king 

s  building  operation 

.     He 

built 

he    ter 

nple   of    the 

Sun-god  at 

Sippar, 

whicl: 

had   b 

sen    re 

stored 

by    Ne 

buchadnezzar    forty-five   years 

before. 

Roman  Journalism. 

Let  us  now  turn  our  eyes  of  research  to  the  sunny  hills  of 
Italy,  home  of  the  Latin  race,  whose  people  have  never  given  up 
the  language  of  the  earliest  settlers,  who  were  akin  to  the  tribes 

who  spoke  the  dialects  of 
the  Phrygo-Hellenic  tongue. 
When  Rome  was 
founded  753  B.  C.  the  pre- 
dominant Italian  races 
were  distinguished  as  Latin 
and  Umbrian,  their  lan- 
guages being  closely  re- 
lated. The  Etruscans, 
who  lived  west  of  the 
Tiber,  were  of  Arj^an  ori- 
gin, and  differed  in  many 
respects  from  the  Um- 
brians  and  Latins. 

"In  its  most  ancient 
form,"  says  Quackenbos, 
"the  Latin  language  was 
probably  spoken  by  the 
people  of  Latium  at  least 
1200  before  the  Christian 
Era."  For  many  cen- 
turies it  remained  unpol- 
ished and  its  roughness 
did  not  wear  away  until  it 
came  in  contact  with  Greek 
civilization  about  250  B.  C. 
The  Latin  alphabet  con- 
sisted of  twenty-one  let- 
ters mostly  borrowed  from 
the  Greeks  through  a  Do- 
rian colony  at  Cumae.  Lit- 
tle can  be  said  of  the 
literary  history  of  the  city 
during  the  five  centuries 
that  followed  the  founding 
of  Rome,  because  of  the  fragmentary  records  that  have  come 
down  to  us.  The  oldest  existing  Latin  poetry  was  inscribed  on 
a  tablet  exhumed  at  Rome  in  1778,  just  135  years  ago.  It  is  a 
chant  of  the  Arval  Brothers,  an  association  of  priests  founded 
under  the  Roman  kings,  and  consists  of  an  invocation  to  Mars, 
the  god  of  war,  to  avert  pestilence, 
volcanic  eruptions,  etc. 

It  is  reported  in  Professor 
Allen's  "Remnants  of  Early  Latin" 
that  there  is  a  fragment  of  another 
tablet  upon  which  is  inscribed  a 
part  of  a  hymn  sung  by  the  Sal- 
ian  priests  in  honor  of  Janus. 

A  Greek  slave,  Livius  Androni- 
cus,  who  may  be  called  the  father 
of  Roman  classical  literature,  and 
who      translated       the     Odyssey 
into  Latin  Saturnian  verse,  intro- 
duced his  captors  to  the  literary 
treasures  of  the  Greeks.   Then  the 
Roman  writers  took  their  cue  from 
Greek  authors  and  Roman  journal- 
ism and  literature  began  to  dawn. 
The  first  great  poet  of  Rome 
was   Titus   Maccris   Plautus,   who 
lived  200  B.  C.,  whose  works  were 
of    a    comic    nature    and    closely 
followed  the  ballad  songs   of  the 
earlier  Latin  race.    A  boorish  country  boy  he  left  his  home  in 
the  mountains  of  Umbria  to  seek  his  fortune  in  the  great  capital 
where,  at  first,  he  was  successful  as  a  stage  carpenter  and  deco- 


BABTZ-ONIAN   SYIiI^ABABT. 

An  old  Babylonian  spelling  book,  writ- 
ten B.  C.  442,  inscribed  with  the  names 
pronunciations  and  meanings  of  a  num- 
ber of  cuneiform  characters,  dated  in  tht 
tenth  year  of  the  reign  of  Artaxerxes, 
It  is  supposed  it  was  used,  most  natu- 
rally, in  the  schools  of  'those  days  tc 
teach  the  younger  generation  how  tc 
spell  and  the  meaning  of  the  words.  II 
was,  in  fact,  a  veritable  "Webster's  Un- 
ibridged." 


EINQ'S    IIAGAZINi:    OB    PERIODICA!.    BECOBS 


14 


THE   EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


found  no  res 
bird  flew  away, 
enter  the  sMp.     ' 


r  a  1 0  r.  When  unoccupied  h  e 
tried  his  hand  at  writing 
comedies  and  soon  began  to  make 
"hits"  in  the  theatrical  world. 
His  plays  were  very  well  re- 
ceived and  the  author  soon  be- 
came popular  with  the  public. 

During  the  rest  of  his  life, 
Plautus  had  no  peer  on  the  comic 
stage.  He  died  in  184  B.  C. 
Twenty  of  his  comedies  are  ex- 
tant, one  of  which  is  entitled 
"The  Captives." 

Cato,  the  philosopher,  ora- 
tor and  historian,  was  the  first 
man  who  gave  dignity  to  Roman 
literature.  He  wrote  over  150 
compositions  or  orations,  as  they 
were  then  called.  His  chief 
work  was  his  "Origines,"  in 
seven  books,  giving  a  history  of 
his  country. 

The  golden  age  of  Roman 
literature  began  with  Cicero,  one 
of  the  greatest  of  all  writers, 
ancient  or  modern.  In  the  Cic- 
eronian period,  80-43  B.  C,  a 
stormy  era  of  conspiracy  as  well 
as  conquest,  political  eloquence 
and  history  monopolized  the  at- 
tention of  the  master  minds  of 
Rome. 

In  the  Augustan  period, 
B.  C.  42-14,  and  after  14  A.  D., 
the  greatest  of  Roman  poets, 
Virgil  and  Horace,  lived  and 
wrote,  Tibullus  and  Propetius  put  forth  their 
sweet  elegies,  and  Ovid  his  amatory  composi- 
tions. Even  the  pages  of  Livy's  history  are 
aglow  with  poetic  coloring. 

Cicero  was  born  at  Arpinum,  a  little  Latin 
town,  southeast  of  Rome.  Seeing  unusual 
talent  in  young  Cicero,  his  father  decided  to 
develop  it  by  a  special  course  of  study  in  an  in- 
stitution in  Rome  which  he  himself  superin- 
tended. Here  the  boy  studied  Greek  literature 
and  the  writers  who  produced  it.  He  became 
thoroughly  versed  in  the  languages  under  the 
teaching  of  Archias,  a  Greek  scholar.  He 
studied  law  and  became  the  most  famous  orator 
at  the  Roman  bar. 

Cicero  was  a  many  sided  man  and  success- 
fully filled  various  public  offices,  but  his  en- 
during fame  rests  upon  his  orations,  essays  and 
philosophical  treatises.  Cicero's  chief  writings 
are  the  "Tusculan  Disputations,"  "The  Offices," 
a  moral  essay  on  "Old  Friends  and  Old  Age." 

The  next  greatest  Roman  journalist,  and 
the  most  influential  one-man  power  at  one 
period  of  the  Roman  empire  was  Julius  Csesar, 
born  just  100  B.  C.  Shakespeare  styled  Csesar 
"The  foremost  man  in  all  the  world."  The 
period  at  which  he  lived  was  a  critical  one,  as 
Roman  morals  had  degenerated,  and  "Justice" 
was  openly  bought  and  sold.  The  times  de- 
manded a  statesman  who  would  not  shrink 
from  taking  upon  himself  all  needful  respon- 
sibilities. Julius  Csesar  was  the  man  Rome 
needed  to  accomplish  the  things  required  by 
the  majority  of  the  people.  But  although  he  was 
accused   of  seeking  personal  aggrandizement 


a   deluge 
of  Shuiip- 


A    BAS-r&OmAIT    STOB'Sr    OF    THE    SEI^UGri:. 

According  to  this  account  "The  gods  determined  to  s( 
ui>on  'the  earth,  and  Tsit-napishtim,  a  dweller  in  the  ancient  ci 
pak,    on   the  Euphrates,    was    warned   by  the   god    Ea  of  thei: 

tUience  to  this  god's  instructions,  he  collected  wood  and  materials  for 
the  building  of  a  ship  which  was  intended  to  save  him  and  his  wife  and 
his  family,  and  his  beasts  of  the  field  from  the  waters  of  the  flood.  He 
made  a  barge  120  cubits  long,  six  stories,  nine  rooms.  The  outside  of  the 
ship  was  smeared  with  bitumen  and  the  inside  with  pitch 


fall   and    continued    for 

On    the   seventh    day    the    storm    abated   and    the    s 

,.  .rile  the  ship  had  drifted  to  the  land  of  Nitsir,  whe 

hi,e-h   mouniain.     seven  days  later  Tsit-napishtir 


and  six  nights 
went  down.  Mean 
it  grounded  on  top  'o: 
nt  forth  a  dove,  bu 


ig  place  and  returned.  Then  he  sent  forth  _.  __  ___. 
nd  although  it  approached  and  croaked,  it  did  not 
;it-napishtiim  'then  knew  that  the  waters  had  abated 
s  tamily  and  the  beasts  of  the  field." 


The  tablet  above  describes  the 
times  when  "The  heavens  were  not. 
and  the  earth  was  not,  when  there 
were  no  plants,  and  before  the  gods 
had  come  into  being,  and  when  the 
water  deep  was  the  source  and  origin 
of  all  things."  The  tablet  below 
describes  "The  creation  of  a  brood 
of  monsters  by  Tiamat,"  etc.  Mar- 
duk,  'the  champion  of  the  gods,  gave 
instructions  unto  man  after  he  had 
been  created,  saying,  "The  god  says, 
thy  heart  shall  be  .pure  before  thy 
G-od,  for  that  is  what  is  due  him. 
S'peak  no  evil  against  thy  friend  and 
neighbor.  When  thou  hast  made  a 
vow,  withhold  not  tha;t  which  thou 
hast  vowed." 


rather  than  the  advancement  of 
the  people's  interests,  history  has 
yet  to  record  the  deeds  of  a  man 
who  did  more  for  his  country 
than  Csesar. 

The  whole  world  knows  of 
Csesar  and  every  school  boy  and 
girl  has  read  about  him.  The 
greatest  of  Casar's  works  are  his 
"Commentaries"  on  the  Gallic 
and  Civil  wars.  While  the  titles 
of  his  books  sound  very  war- 
like, at  least  one-half  of  the  text 
they  contain  is  devoted  to  beauti- 
ful descriptions  of  the  countries 
he  visited  and  the  people  who 
populated  them.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  writing  his  personal 
views  of  the  Egyptians  at  the 
moment  an  Egyptian  slave  pre- 
sented to  him  in  his  apartments 
the  famous  Cleopatra.  His  army 
had  subdued  the  Egyptians  and 
he  had  taken  possession  of  the 
capital.  The  walls  of  his  rooms 
were  decorated  with  ancient 
hieroglyphics,  as  may  be  seen  in 
the  accompanying  picture.  It  is 
supposed  that  in  this  very  room, 
through  the  help  of  Grecian 
scholars,  Cssar  changed  the  old 
Egyptian  calendar. 

Caius  Sallustius  C  r  i  s  p  u  s, 
popularly  known  as  Sallust,  is 
another  well  known  writer 
among  the  Roman  historians. 
Csesar  made  him  governor  of  the  rich  province 
of  Numidia.  Sallust  did  not  "Do  a  thing"  to 
this  country,  for  in  less  than  a  year  he  had 
thoroughly  plundered  its  treasures  and  re- 
turned to  Rome  with  immense  riches.  He  was 
saved  from  prosecution  for  extortion  through 
the  intervention  of  Casar. 

After  the  assassination  of  Csesar,  Sallust 
settled  in  a  beautiful  villa  erected  from  the 
funds  he  had  stolen,  and  being  satisfied  with 
political  positions  that  had  been  bestowed  upon 
him,  he  wrote  some  interesting  books,  includ- 
ing "The  Conspiracy  of  Catiline,"  "The  Jugur- 
thine  War,"  and  an  excellent  history  of  Rome 
from  78  to  66  B.  C. 

Lucretius,  poet  of  the  Ciceronian  period, 
was  a  true  Roman  and  a  great  lover  of  Nature. 
Homer  alone  excels  him  in  power  of  descrip- 
tion. The  only  work  of  Lucretius  that  has 
come  down  to  us  was  "On  the  Nature  of 
Things,"  which  Macauley  styles  "The  finest 
didactic  poem  in  any  language. 

Space  will  not  permit  us  to  enumerate  all 
the  names  of  Roman  writers  whose  works 
have  been  handed  down  and  are  highly 
esteemed  by  scholars  as  classics,  but  mention 
should  be  made  of  Tacitus,  who  was  foremost 
among  the  prose  writers  of  that  period. 
Tacitus  was  considered  by  many  the  greatest 
historian  of  his  day.  In  "Agricola"  he  gives 
a  biography  of  his  father-in-law,  a  Roman 
governor  of  Britain.  This  work  is  valuable 
on  account  of  the  light  it  sheds  on  Britain  and 
the  influence  of  Roman  institutions.  "Agricola" 
was  followed  by  "Germania"  showing  the  con- 


15 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


ditions  and  customs  of  the  people  of  Germany.  The  remaining 
works  of  Tacitus  are  his  "Histories,"  "Annals"  and  dialogue  on 
"The  Decline  of  Eloquence."  In  his  "Annals,"  composed  of  six- 
teen books,  he  traced  the  history  of  the  emperors  from  the  death 
of  Augustus  up  to  the  point  at  which  his  "Histories"  began. 
Portions  of  this  work,  which  were  published  about  115  A.  D., 
are  lost,  but  one  story  is  preserved  giving  a  vivid  description  of 
the  "Burning  of  Rome."  Tacitus  was  born  53  A.  D.  and  lived 
64  years. 

We   also   find    in   Pliny   the  

younger.a scholar  of  Quintillian,       y"       ~  -   ^ -x     ^ :^ 

another  celebrated  rhetori- 
cian, the  champion  news  letter 
writer  of  his  day.  He  lived 
from  62  to  113  A.  D.  Pliny  took 
a  prominent  stand  as  the  cham- 
pion of  the  wronged,  and  de- 
lighted in  compelhng  dishonest 
governors  to  disgorge  tlieir 
stolen  spoils.  "It  is  as  a  letter 
writer,"  says  Quackenbos,  "that 
Pliny  is  entitled  to  a  place 
among  the  worthies  of  Latin 
literature."  His  epistles  to  his 
friends  and  the  emperor,  in  ten 
books,  are  among  the  most 
pleasing  relics  of  antiquity. 

In  the  long  array  of  names 
that  represent  the  last  three 
centuries  of  the  Roman  Empire 
we  find  none  more  worthy  of 
respect  than  the  Latin  fathers, 

among     the      greatest     was      St.       i'    ^f,,,!?°,!^'in"|  charTor?liryln""fhe' 

Augustine,  354  to  430  A.  D.  {-  '"'"■"'"^  '" "" 
TuUoch  said,  "No  single  name  has  ever  made  such  an  impression 
upon  Christian  thought."  St.  Augustine  was  not  born  a  Chris- 
tian, or  rather  had  not  been  baptized  and  enrolled  as  a  Christian 
antil  after  he  had  gone  to  Milan,  where  he  taught  rhetoric. 
When  at  last  he  became  the  Bishop  of  Hippo  in  Africa,  he  zeal- 
ously embraced  Christianity  and  put  forth  fifteen  treatises  in 
refutation  of  the  Pelagin  heresies.  His  greatest  works  were 
"The  City  of  God,"  "Confession"  and  a  treatise  on  the  "Trinity." 

Ambrose,  Bishop  of  Milan, 
who  lived  in  the  last  half  of 
the  fourth  century,  was  the 
author  of  numerous  episties 
and  hymns,  the  Te  Deum 
being  one  of  his  compositions. 
His  "Offices"  defines  the 
duties  of  Christian  pastors. 

St.  Jerome,  340  to  420 
A.  D.,  was  the  great  apostle 
of  monasticism.  From  a  con- 
vent at  Bethlehem  he  promul- 
gated his  Latin  version  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testaments, 
called  the  "Vulgate,"  because 
it  was  designed  for  the  use  of 
the  common  people  who  un- 
derstood no  language  but 
Latin.  St.  Jerome's  Bible, 
adopted   as   a  standard   ver-  sobibe. 

sion,  was  the  first  book  put 

to  press.  It  was  printed  in  1455,  six  or  eight  years  after  Guten- 
berg invented  movable  type. 

St.  Gregory,  Bishop  of  Constantinople,  the  last  of  the  four 
great  Latin  fathers  and  the  most  poetical  of  early  Christian 
writers,  bequested  to  posterity  a  book  of  epistles,  orations  and 
religious  poems. 

Tertullian,  150  to  230  A.  D.,  was  another  early  Christian 
writer  worthy  of  mention  on  account  of  his  treatises  on  "Pen- 


-    % 


&JH    ASSYRIAN     CARTOON    STORY. 

■A    litHe  between    the  forces  of  Ashu: 
..   and  Te-umman,   King    of  Blam.    on 
and  tlie  citv  of  Shushan.     The   scenes 


t  of  Te-umman,  wh 
defending  his   fath 
off   the   head  of   Te-umman 
?  head  of  Te-umman  to  A 


r-banipal.  King  of 
the  lilain  between 
;  of  the  battle  are 
lites;  UrtalvU.  an 
soldieir  to  behead 
falls  to  the  ground 


EGYPTIAN 


ance,"  "Idolatry"  and  "Theatrical  Exhibitions,"  etc.,  and  also 
for  his  "Apologeticus"  in  defense  of  Christianity.  In  after  life 
Tertullian  joined  a  heretical  sect,  with  whom  he  died.  Cyprian, 
Bishop  of  Carthage,  and  a  pupil  of  Tertullian,  defended  Chris- 
tianity with  an  eloquent  pen  and  finally  laid  down  his  life  for 
the  faith. 

Journalism  in  Book  Form. 

After  the  ancient  Hebrew  and  Greek  languages  were  estab- 
lished records  of  nearly  all  the 

important  events  of  the  world 

were  written  in  these  two 
tongues.  Christ  spoke  mostly 
in  Greek  and  Hebrew  and  His 
works  were  first  written  in 
these  languages.  Just  before 
the  birth  of  Christ  and  before 
paper  was  invented,  records 
were  written  on  bark  or  papy- 
rus, from  which  is  derived  the 
name  for  paper.  Herodotus 
wrote  the  first  intelligent  his- 
tory of  the  world  on  papyrus. 
Some  rolls  of  these  old  books 
were  30  feet  long.  Diodorus 
wrote  on  leather.  It  was  a  very 
common  thing  in  his  day  to 
manufacture  leather  parch- 
ments  from  the  skins  of  sheep 
and  calves.  All  sorts  of  flexible 
substances  were  used  for  writ- 
ing purposes,  but  mostly  those 
that  would  stand  abuse  and 
carry  ink. 

Paper  made  from  cotton  came  into  use,  according  to  Mont- 
faucon,  toward  the  end  of  the  ninth  century ;  and  the  invention 
came  at  an  opportune  time  as  parchments  and  palimpsests,  the 
latter  a  Greek  word  meaning,  twice  rubbed,  were  very  scarce. 
The  demand  for  books  of  devotion  had  imperiled  the  preserva- 
tion of  classical  literature.     It  was  the  invention  of  Jinen  paper 
that  gave  the  first  real  impulse  to  book  production.     The  precise 
date  of  this  invention  is  disputed,  but  Mabilion  refers  it  to  the 
twelfth  century.  Montfaucon, 
however,  found  no  specimen 
earlier  than  1270.    The  form 
of  ancient  books  diifered   in 
accordance  with  the  materials 
upon  which  they  were  writ- 
ten.    When  flexible  materials 
came  into  use  it  was  found 
convenient  to  use  them  in  the 
form  of  rolls.      The  papyrus, 
and     afterward     the    parch- 
ment sheets,  were  joined  to- 
gether and  then  rolled  upon  a 
staff  into  a  volume  ( volumen ) . 
In  the  stone  age  the  man 
with     a     five-pound     granite 
stone  in  his  right  hand,  which 
he  used  as  a  maul,  and  a  hard 
flint  in  his  left  hand,  which 
he  used  as  a  chisel  or  an  en- 
graving tool,   was   a   writer, 
and  whatever  he  wrote  upon  was  a  book,  in  one  sense  of  the 
word.     It  is  said  that  "Necessity  is  the  mother  of  invention." 
History  shows  us  that  as  the  human  race  progressed  every  new 
meritorious  invention  has  created  a  demand  for  something  else 
to  go  with  it.     We  of  this  day  call  ourselves  "Progressives,"  but 
we  are  no  more  entitled  to  that  name  than  were  the  men  of  old 
who  stumbled  along  the  dim  pathway  of  civilization.     Every 
man  who  has  invented  a  new  word  or  improved  the  style  of 


16 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


writing  is  a  link  in  the  chain  of  journalism,  but  we  must  all  take 
our  hats  off  to  the  man  who  wrote  first. 

When  the  Alexandrian  library  was  established  about  300 
B.  C,  various  expedients  were  resorted  to  to  procure  books. 
The  Athenians  were  the  earliest  book  sellers  and  supplied  books 
to  rich  families  or  to  any  who  could  pay  the  price.  In  Rome, 
toward  the  end  of  the  Republic,  libraries  were  a  necessary  part 
of  every  Roman  home. 

"The  Acta  Diurna." 

Long  ages  before  the  Euro- 
pean invention  of  the  art  of 
printing  there  were  in  Rome  at 
the  time  of  the  Empire,  many 
book  publishing  firms. 

To  the  Roman  of  the 
Augustinian  period  literature 
was  an  essential.  The  Romans 
possessed  public  libraries  that 
were  free  to  all.  They  had 
newspapers,  too,  not  like  ours, 
of  course,  in  form,  but  they 
contained  the  news  of  the  day 
and  were  eagerly  read  by  aristo- 
crats and  their  educated  slaves. 
The  principal  journal  was  en- 
titled "Acta  Diurna"  and  was 
published  under  the  sanction  and 
management  of  the  Govern- 
ment. Copies  of  the  several  is- 
sues were  hung  up  in  places  of 
frequent  resort,  in  public  build- 
ings and  in  the  Senate  for  the 
benefit  of  the  people.  These  is- 
sues were  sometimes  copied  for 
the  private  perusal  of  the 
wealthy  class. 

All  public  events  of  impor- 
tance were  chronicled  in  the 
Acta  Diurna.  The  reporters, 
known  as  "Actuarii,"  furnished 
abstracts  of  the  proceedings  of 
law  courts  and  public  assem- 
blies. It  also  contained  a  list  of 
births,  deaths  and  marriages. 
One  of  its  most  popular  features 
was  the  reports  of  trials  for 
divorce.  Juvenal  tells  us  that 
"The  women  were  all  agog  with 
the  news  of  deluges,  earth- 
quakes and  other  horrors,"  and 
that  wine  merchants  and  traders 
used  to  invent  false  reports, 
write  them  on  sheets,  and  hang 
them  up  in  their  places  of  busi- 
ness to  attract  the  women,  espe- 
cially, who  came  to  read  the 
news,  and  incidentally,  were  in- 
duced to  buy  of  them  such  ar- 
ticles as  delight  the  feminine 
heart. 

In  addition  to  all  these  means 
for  gratifying  the  Roman  taste 
for    reading    every    respectable 

home  possessed  a  library.  Some  of  these  books,  or  rolls,  contain- 
ing records  of  the  events  of  the  times,  were  too  huge  to  handle 
very  easily  and  could  not,  therefore,  be  very  well  carried  around. 

The  chief  writers  of  those  days  were  educated  slaves,  who 
were  called  transcribers.  At  first  they  were  employed  in  making 
copies  of  celebrated  books  for  their  masters.  To  speak  of  a  man 
as  a  slave  did  not  always  mean  that  he  was  of  low  birth  and 


Michael  A 


fitted  only  for  manual  labor,  for  hundreds  of  persons  captured 
in  war  by  the  armies  of  Rome  were  men  of  education  and  refine- 
ment, such  as  Greek  slaves  who  were  scholars. 

We  learn  that  Atticus,  a  well-known  Roman  in  the  second 
century,  and  an  author  of  note,  founded  what  we  now  call  a  pub- 
lishing house  and  reproduced  the  works  of  favorite  authors  on  a 
large  scale.  Atticus  himself  wrote  and  published  an  epitome  of 
Roman  history  entitled  "An- 
nals," comprising  a  period  of 
seven  centuries.  He  employed  a 
large  number  of  slaves  to  copy 
a  book  from  dictation  simulta- 
neously and  was  thus  enabled  to 
manufacture  books  rapidly  and 
keep  pace  with  the  demand. 
Fancy  an  author  of  our  day  con- 
tracting to  supply  1,000  copies 
of  his  book  by  such  a  method. 
No  wonder  that  when  the  print- 
ing press  was  invented  it  made 
the  world  wiser  in  300  years 
than  had  all  the  writers  during 
all  the  ages  that  had  elapsed 
since  the  birth  of  letters  or  of 
pictorial  art. 

It  is  interesting  to  learn 
how  cheaply  those  authors  and 
book-makers  produced  copies 
of  their  works.  According  tj 
Martial,  a  famous  Latin  epi- 
grammatic poet,  born  at  Bilikis, 
Spain,  about  40  A.  D,  the  first 
book  of  his  poems  was  sold, 
neatly  bound,  for  five  denarii,  or 
about  75  cents  of  our  money,  but 
in  a  cheaper  binding  for  the 
people  it  could  be  had  for  ten 
sestertii,  about  25  cents.  His 
thirteenth  book  of  epigram- 
matic writings  was  sold  for 
four  sestertii,  about  11  cents  in 
our  United  States  money.  Mar- 
tial further  states  that  it  would 
only  require  one  hour  to  copy 
the  whole  of  the  second  book, 
"Haec  una  peragit  librarius 
hora,"  containing  540  verses. 
Therefore,  in  Rome  during  the 
time  of  Titus,  for  this  Martial 
was  a  favorite  of  his,  books 
were  both  plentiful  and  cheap. 
During  the  Middle  Ages 
the  art  of  book-making  fell  into 
desuetude,  as  slaves  were  em- 
ployed in  what  was  regarded  a 
more  important  work  than  that 
of  reading  and  writing.  Their 
masters,  and  even  Kings  and 
Princes  regarded  a  quill  pen  in 
their  own  mail-gloved  hands  as 
a  very  foolish  weapon.  More- 
over, there  was  no  educated 
public  to  which  the  book-makers 
could  appeal.  Every  man  of 
age  had  to  use  the  sword  and  the  art  of  transcribing  was 
confined  to  a  few  monks,  whose  time  hung  heavily  on 
their  hands.  As  a  natural  result  writers  became,  Odofredi 
says,  "No  longer  writers  but  painters,"  and  books  became  elabo- 
rate'works  of  art.  This  form  of  embellishment  was  not  con- 
fined to  Bibles,  but  was  e.Ktended  to  law  books  as  well. 

The   booksellers   of  the  tenth   and   twelfth  centuries   were 


,boolcs  of  the  Bible,  1450  B. 


17 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


called  "stationarii"  either  from  the  practise  of  stationing  them- 
selves in  booths  or  stalls  in  the  streets  or  from  another  Latin 
word  Static,  meaning  a  depository,  which  the  booksellei's  kept 
open  for  the  use  of  readers  and  for  the  reception  of  manuscripts 
offered  for  sale  on  consignment. 

In  1292  the  bookselling  corporation  of  Paris  consisted  of 
twenty-four  copyists,  seventeen  bookbinders,  nineteen  parch- 
ment makers,  thirteen  illuminators  and  a  few  small  dealers  in 
books  and  manuscripts.  But  when  printing  was  first  introduced 
upwards  of  6,000  people  are  said  to  have  earned  their  livelihood 
by  copying  and  illuminating  manuscripts. 

The  invention  of  printing,  which  can  only  be  mentioned 
here,  as  an  article  on  the  subject  appears  elsewhere  in  this  num- 
ber of  The  Editor  and  Publisher;  the  discovery  of  America, 
and  the  German  and  English  reformations  were  milestones  in 
the  march  of  progress.  It  is 
perhaps  remarkable  that  so 
many  new  and  important  influ- 
ences combined  with  the  print- 
ing press  to  banish  superstition 
and  allow  the  light  of  education 
to  fall  upon  groping  humanity. 
Tyrannical  rulers,  Papal  Bulls 
and  the  shafts  of  satirists  could 
not  quench  the  flame  that  had 
been  kindled. 

A  French  poet  of  this  pe- 
riod sneering  at  the  invention 
of  printing,  and  the  discovery 
of  America  by  Columbus,  says : 

"I  have  seen  a  mighty  Throng 
Of  printed  books,  and  long 
To  draw  to  studious  ways 
The  poor  men  of  our  days. 
By  which  new-fangled  practises 
We  soon  shall  see;  the  fact  is, 
Our  street  will  swarm  with  scholars 
Without  clean  shirts  or  collars, 
With  Bibles,  books  and  codices 
As  cheap  as  tape  for  bodices." 

The  power  of  the  press  was 
soon  feared  by  all  monarchs 
and  a  printing  house  was 
looked  upon  as  a  possible  army 
of  destruction ;  but  it  was  more 
than  three  centuries  before  the 
press  really  began  to  breathe 
the  air  of  independence. 

The  readers  of  The  Editor 
AND  Publisher  can  now  see 
why  I  began  my  story  of  Jour- 
nalism by  first  dealing  with  the 
ancients.  I  beg  to  submit  the 
following  genealogical  table : 
We  began  with  Nes-Khensu,  the 
Royal     Egyptian     scribe,     who 

first  wrote  upon  stone.  He  was  the  father  of  the  next  journal- 
istic age,  whose  sons  wrote  upon  clay  tablets  and  whose  descend- 
ants wrote  upon  skins  and  parchments.  Their  sons  engrossed 
manuscripts  upon  paper  made  of  cotton  and  hnen.  Following 
them  came  the  Romans,  who  wrote  about  current  events  for  the 
Acta  Diurna  and  whose  sons  copied  and  sold  books.  The  print- 
ing press  then  unlocked  the  literary  treasures  of  the  country,  and 
the  editors  of  those  days  were  the  great-great-great-grand- 
fathers of  the  journalists  of  the  twentieth  century. 

Origin   of  the   Modern   Newspaper   in   Germany,   England   and 
France. 

The  quarrel  which  was  being  fought  with  weapons  in  Holland 
and  Germany  was  a  matter  between  Protestants  and  Catholics ; 


each  battle  fought,  each  town  taken  gave  joy  to  one  half  of 
Europe  and  grief  to  the  other  half.  News,  even  from  the  most 
remote  countries,  was  from  that  time  eagerly  looked  for  by  all 
classes,  and  the  rapid  and  regular  circulation  of  news  became  a 
public  necessity.    This  gave  birth  to  newspapers. 

Religious  controversy,  so  lively  in  the  sixteenth  century,  had 
found  in  the  art  of  printing  both  instrument  and  food.  Big 
books,  too  long  to  write  and  read,  made  room  for  short,  handy 
pamphlets  easily  circulated.  These  were  in  turn  superseded  by 
notices,  proclamations,  (satires  printed  on  single  sheets  (usually 
on  one  side  only),  which  could  be  obtained  cheaply,  could  be 
passed  swiftly  under  a  cloak,  and  which  could,  if  necessary,  be 
posted  at  night. 

In  order  to  warm  up  the  zeal  of  their  supporters,  the  parties 
had  the  report  of  their  successes  printed  and  distributed.  It  was 
through  papers  of  this  descrip- 
tion that  the  French  Protestants 
learned  the  victories  of  their 
German  friends ;  they  received 
them  hidden  in  horse  saddles  or 
in  the  lining  of  traveling  coats. 
It  soon  became  customary  to 
print  on  single  sheets  and  sell 
at  low  prices  reports  of  all  nota- 
ble events  and  anything  likely 
to  tempt  the  readers.  All  that 
was  wanted  then  was  to  collect 
several  events  on  one  sheet,  give 
it  a  title  and  publish  it  regu- 
larly, and  the  newspaper  would 
be  created. 

We  will  not  discuss  China, 
though  it  is  possible  that  the  in- 
vention of  newspapers  may  be 
the  property  of  this  strange  na- 
tion, who,  among  so  many 
things,  invented  printing;  such 
seems  to  be  the  opinion  of  Vol- 
taire, who,  in  his  Dictionary  of 
Philosophy,  says  that  China 
has  possessed  newspapers  from 
time  immemorial. 

Several  newspapers  ap- 
peared almost  simultaneously, 
and  through  the  influence  of 
similar  causes,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury in  Germany,  England, 
France  and  Holland.  If  one 
wishes  to  settle  the  question  of 
priority,  dates  seem  to  be  in 
favor  of  Germany,  Holland  and 
England.  Eugene  Hatin,  a 
Frenchman,  who  wrote  a  his- 
tory on  newspapers,  said:  "It 
is  in  reality  France  who  de- 
serves the  credit  of  having 
brought   out   the   first   real  newspaper." 

Venice,  however,  has  a  claim  which  must  not  be  overlooked. 
It  entirely  rests  on  the  etymology  of  the  word  "Gazette,"  or 
"Gazetta,"  which  for  a  long  time  was  used  to  designate  political 
papers,  and  which  is  indisputably  a  Venetian  word. 

During  the  wars  against  the  Turks  the  Venetian  Government, 
in  order  to  gratify  the  rightful  curiosity  of  citizens,  ordered  that 
reports  of  war  news  should  be  read  in  the  public  squares,  and 
people  gave  a  small  silver  coin,  called  "gazetta,"  to  hear  the  read- 
ing, or  (according  to  other  writers)  to  buy  the  pamphlet  in 
which  the  news  was  written ;  hence,  the  name  of  Gazettes  which 
was  given  to  the  papers  containing  the  news.  [The  word  "Gazet- 
tin"  was  more  usually  applied  to  manuscript  papers,  but  some 
writers  say  that  gazettes  took  their  name  from  that  of  a  talkative 


ting    and    g-ained    h 


18 


THE    EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


bird,  the  magpie  (gazza  in  Italian).    Others  make  it  come  from 
a  corrupt  Hebrew  word  "Izgard,"  which  means  messenger.] 

If  we  are  to  believe  an  article  published  by  Mr.  Sichel  in  the 
French  Athenaeum  of  2d  of  September,  1854,  Germany  has  a 
much  better  claim,  and  maintains  that  it  is  to  commerce  that  the 
origin  of  newspapers  should  be  traced.    He  writes : 

"At  the  time  when  the 
Venetian  Government  pub- 
lished the  'Written  News' 
(Notizie  scritte)  the  big  Ger- 
man commercial  firms  were 
already  beginning  to  circu- 
late manifold  copies  of  their 
commercial  intercourse  in 
order  to  be  kept  informed  of 
political  events  likely  to  in- 
fluence business.  Among  the 
written  reports  representing 
the  first  attempts  at  this  kind 
of  journahsm  were  some 
written  at  Augsbourg  under 
the  auspices  of  the  house  of 
Fugger  at  the  end  of  the  six- 
teenth century,  which  as- 
sumed a  shape  and  an  extent 
which  made  them  run  very 
close  to  our  modern  news- 
papers. Nearly  every  day 
there  appeared  a  number 
under  the  title  of  Ordinary 
Gazette  (Ordinari  -  Zeittun- 
gen),  and  in  conjunction 
with  them  some  supplements 
'Extra  Gazettes'  (Extraordi- 
nari-Zeittungen),  containing 
the  most  recent  news.  The 
price  of  each  number,  or  sup- 
plement, was  4  kreuzers  in  Augsbourg,  while  for  the  whole  year, 
including  delivery  at  home,  the  price  was  25  florins.  The  Ordi- 
nary Gazettes  alone  cost  14  florins.  A  collection  of  these  Augs- 
bourg Gazettes  covering  the  period  1568-1604  has  been  pre- 
served in  the  Vienna  Library,  and  it  forms  a  valuable  reference 
for  the  history  of  that  period. 

"The  abundance  of  news  contained  in  this 
collection  may  be  accounted  for  by  the  exten- 
sive connections  of  the  firm  of  Fugger.  They 
had  agents  in  every  part  of  the  world  and  cor- 
responded daily  with  all  the  largest  commercial 
firms.  This  correspondence  from  time  to  time 
contained  advertisements — long  lists  of  things 
that  could  be  bought  in  Vienna. 

'The  Zeittungen  were  not  rewritten  in  one 
language  but  in  the  language  of  the  country 
from  which  they  were  sent.  A  good  many  were 
in  Italian,  the  commercial  medium  of  those 
days,  while  contributions  from  savants  and 
clergymen  were  written  in  Latin. 

"England,  on  the  other  hand,  made  an  early 
claim  to  the  origin  of  this  kind  of  publication, 
based  on  three  numbers  of  a  supposed  Mercury 
of  1588,  which  have  since  been  found  to  be  a 
clever  fraud.  However,  we  find  in  England  in 
the  last  days  of  Elizabeth  and  the  first  days  of 
James  I.  a  large  number  of  papers  and  placards 
entitled  'News,'  which  contained  a  relation  of 
the  events  which  had  taken  place  in  England  and  on  the  Conti- 
nent. In  the  latter  case,  the  title  nearly  always  indicates  that 
the  news  offered  to  the  public  has  been  translated  from  the 
original  Dutch.  This  thoughtfulness  on  the  part  of  the  English 
editors  would  be  sufficient  to  settle  the  claim  in  favor  of 
Holland." 


SENECA    B.    C.    4-65    A.    S. 

The  great  Koman  writer  who  was 
banished  into  exile;  after  eight 
years  returned  and  educated  Nero: 
when  Nero  became  Emperor  he  tried 
to  poison  Seneca  and  upon  the  fail- 
ure to  do  so  Seneca  was  at  last 
falsely   eondemned    to    die    and    give 


bled   ito    death. 


KOMEB. 

Rep 

oduction  of  a  statue 

in  Rome. 

One   o 

f    the 

most   famous 

of    Greek 

poets 

B.     C. 

1200.       He    T 

VTOte    the 

■■Iliad 

the 

story   of    '■The 

Siege    of 

Troy.' 

■'The 

Odyssey"      and      '■The 

Tale   of    Uly 

ses'    Wanderii 

gs." 

In  order  to  place  this  controversy  before  the  readers  of  The 
Editor  and  Publisher  and  let  them  pass  final  judgment  as  to 
what  country  or  what  man  should  have  the  credit  of  starting  the 
first  regular,  modern  newspaper,  I  will  quote,  direct,  from  the 
historians  who  have  given  the  most  complete  account  of  journal- 
ism in  each  of  their  respective  countries.  They  are  about  the 
only  authorities  we  have  on 
this  subject  whose  works 
have  been  accepted  as  the 
true  history  of  the  press  in 
the  countries  named. 

L  u  d  w  i  g  Salomon,  who 
wrote  the  most  complete  his- 
tory of  German  Journalism, 
published  in  two  volumes  in 
1906,  says: 

"Everything  in  the  way 
of  newspapers  of  the  seven- 
teenth century  which  has 
been  preserved  for  us  consists 
of  miserable  fragments  out 
of  which  only  a  few  complete 
annual  volumes  are  forth- 
coming. These  scant  remains 
are  scattered  especially  in  the 
libraries  of  Munich,  Stutt- 
gart, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, 
Marbury,  Heidelberg,  Leip- 
zig, Berlin,  Vienna  and  Stock- 
holm. Comparatively  many 
German  news  sheets  have 
been  preserved  at  the  Impe- 
rial Library  at  Stockholm. 
Owing  to  the  lively  interest 
which  Sweden  naturally  took 
in  the  great  wars  of  Ger- 
many, all  the  newspapers 
containing  important  reports  were  sent  to  Stockholm  where, 
during  the  devastating  wars  in  Germany,  they  remain  un- 
damaged and  were  preserved  for  later  years. 

"The  external  form  of  these  first  newspapers  remind  one  in 
many  ways  of  the  book.  The  size  never  exceeded  that  of  quarto. 
The  title  generally  occupied  the  whole  of  the  first  page  and  was 
very  long  and  cumbersome.  In  most  cases 
there  was  a  broad  ornamental  border  and  some- 
times an  emblem  as,  for  example,  a  globe  with  a 
flying  mercury,  or  a  small  poetical  address  to 
readers." 

The  Firsi  Real  Modern  Newspapers. 
"The  oldest  existinf  printed  newspapers," 
according  to  Salomon,  are  the  following :  "The 
Strasburger  Zeitung,  and  its  publisher  Johann 
Carolus;  The  Frankfurter  Blaetter  (The 
Frankfurt  Papers),  Egenolph  Emmel,  Johann 
von  den  Birghden,  Schoenwetter ;  Die  Ober- 
postamts  Zeitung  (the  chief  Postal  authorities' 
paper) ,  the  founder  of  the  Frankfurt  Journal- 
Serlin.  The  oldest  still  existing  printed  news- 
paper is  one  Strasburger  Zeitung  of  1609,"  ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Julius  Otto  Opel,  who  discovered 
it  in  1876  in  the  University  Library  of  Heidel- 
berg. Literally  its  title  was : 
Relation. 
Aller  Flrnemmen  und  gedenkwurdigen 
Historien  so  sich  hin  und  wider  in  Hoch  und  Nieder 
Deutschland,  auch  in  Frankreich,  Italien,  Schott  und  Eng- 
elland,  Hisspanien,  Hungern,  Polen,  Siebenbiirgen,  Wallachey,  Moldaw,  Turkey, 
etc.,  Inn  diesen  1609  Jahr  verlaufen  und  zutragen  moclite  Alles  auf  das  treu- 
lichste  wie  ich  solche  bekommen  und  zu  wegen  bringen  mag  in  Druck  ver- 
fertigen  will. 

Translation  of  foregoing  title: 

"Relation." 
"Of  all  important  and  noteworthy  events  which  may  occur  or 


ST.   JESOME    340-420    A.    D. 

as    'first    to    translate    the    bible 
the    Latin    language.     He    also 
;e    many    church    epistles. 


19 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


come  to  pass  during-  this  year  (if  IGOi)  in  Iligli  or  Low  Germany, 
also  in  France,  Italy,  Scotland  and  England,  Spain,  Hungary, 
Poland  and  Siebenburgen,  Wallachy,  the  Moldovian  Countries, 
Turkey,  etc.  Everything  I  shall  put  into  print  as  precisely  as 
I  receive  or  as  I  may  obtain  it." 

This  heading  is  surrounded  by  a  pretty  marginal  embellish- 
ment in  wood  engraving. 

The  whole  publication  for  the  year  fills  a  Quarto  Volume  of 
115  leaves,  and  originally  contained  52  numbers,  but  No.  34  has 
been  torn  out  after  the  binding  of  the  Annual  set.  From  the 
wording  of  the  heading  of  this,  it  is  clear  that  the  same  had 
already  been  annexed  to  the  first  number,  and  has  not  been 
added  to  the  last  number,  as  it  is  done  at  the 
present  time.  After  the  general  heading 
follows  an  introduction,  in  which  the  pub- 
lisher signs  himself  "JOHANN  CAROLUS" 
and  asks  the  reader  to  excuse  any  mistakes 
and  to  correct  them. 

He  justifies  this  request  on  account  of 
the  haste,  in  which  the  composition  has 
taken  place,  and  "because  it  has  to  be  fin- 
ished off  hurriedly  during  the  time  of  the 
night."  More  important  than  this  admis- 
sion is  the  beginning  of  the  introduction, 
which  tells  us  that  Johann  Carolus  has  been 
favored  by  the  Grace  of  God  to  continue  the 
issuing  of  the  "Ordinarii  Avisa  since  sev- 
eral years."  The  publisher  explains  by  these 
words  that  he  has  edited  newspapers  for 
many  years  and  that  this  set  is  only  a  con- 
tinuation of  an  older  undertaking. 

On  the  back  of  the  introduction  the  cor- 
respondences commence.  The  first  is  from 
Cologne,  dated  January  8  ;  then  follow  others 
from  Antwerp,  December  26 ;  Rome,  Decem- 
ber 20;  from  Vienna,  also  December  26,  and 
Prag,  December  20.  With  the  correspond-  '('li'S'I-nimix'  ii/'\'^'i' 
ence  from  Prag  ends  the  first  number  on 
page  7.  Page  8  contains  no  printed  matter.  The  remaining 
numbers  of  the  ye;',r'«  publication,  which  generally  consist  of 
four  pages,  contain  also  correspondence  from  Frankfurt-on-the- 
Main,  Erfurt,  Linz,  Pressburg,  Cracova,  Amsterdam,  Brussels, 
Lyons,  etc.  Most  frequent  are  the  correspondences  from  Prag 
(92),  Vienna  (77),  Venice  (52),  Rome  (51)  and  Cologne  (51). 
Of  special  interest  is  a  communication  from  Venice,  Sept.  4, 
number  37,  in  which  the  invention  of  the  Telescope  by  Galileo 
is  advised.     It  says  there : 

"The  Government  (of  Venice)  has  paid  a  tribute  of  honor 
to  Signor  Galileo  of  Florence,  Professor  of  Mathematics  at 
Padua,  and  has  also  in- 
creased his  sa'iary  by  100 
Crowns  annually,  because 
he  has,  by  his  industrious 
study  invented  an  instru- 
ment and  "eye  measure" 
which  enables  one,  on  the 
one  hand  to  see  places  at 
a  distance  of  thirty  miles, 
as  if  they  were  quite  near, 

and,  on  the  other  hand,  objects  near  to  one's  eye  appear  ever 
so  much  bigger  than  they  are  in  reality.  This  clever  invention 
he  presented  as  a  gift  to  the  public  for  general  use." 

The  editor  of  this  Zeitung,  Johann  Carolus,  was  also  the 
owner  of  a  large  printing  establishment  in  Strassburg;  but 
nevertheless,  every  effort  to  find  out  more  interesting  details 
of  this  man  proved  hitherto  unavailing,  allthough  the  continu- 
ance of  his  Zeitung  can  be  traced  up  to  the  year  1649.  Opel  is 
even  of  the  opinion  that  the  same  appeared  during  the  whole  of 
the  17th  century.  - 

Even  more  than  in  Strassburg  our  attention  is  called  to  the 
increasing  journalistic  activity  in  Frankfurt-on-the-Main.  Frank- 


THE  PATHEK  OP  HISTORY, 


BOOK  OR  ROLL  MADE  OP  PAPYRUS  BOUND  WITH  STRIFES  OP  PAPYRUS  AND 
SEALED  WITH  TWO  CLAY  SEALS. 


furt  was  always  a  much  more  important  city  of  commerce  than 
Strassburg.  Aeneas  Silvius,  who  became,  later,  Pope  Pius  II, 
called  it  even  in  the  15th  century,  "the  heart  of  the  communica- 
tion between  High  and  Low  Germany"  and  Hans  Sachs  "the 
Mother  of  Mercantile  Industry." 

Already  towards  the  end  of  the  16th  century  a  widely  rami- 
fied and  regular  messenger  service  from  Frankfurt-on-the-Main 
was  instituted;  and,  as  later  on,  the  city  was  connected  with  the 
Taxis  postal  service  between  Vienna  and  Brussels  (this  postal 
service  originally  did  not  touch  the  town  of  Fran'rfurt,  but 
passed  it  by,  in  a  South-westerly  direction),  all  new  reports 
from  all  directions  were  able  to  ripidly  reach  Frankfurt,  which 
was  a  necessary  condition  for  the  publication 
of  a  newspaper. 

The  first  attempt  at  such  an  undertaking 
was  made  by  the  book-dealer  and  printer, 
Egenolph  Emmel,  in  the  year  1615.  Un- 
fortunately no  numbers  of  these  Emmelchen 
newspapers  can  be  identified  with  certainty. 
Opel,  however,  considers  that  the  numbers 
39  and  42,  43  and  48  of  a  newspaper  of  the 
year  1615,  which  are  to  be  found  in  the 
Municipal  Archives  of  Dresden,  may  be 
looked  upon  as  productions  of  Emmel.  Thes? 
numbers  have  no  title,  but  are  only  furnished 
with  Arabian  numerals.  Numbers  of  this 
newspaper  of  the  years  1616  and  1617  are 
to  be  found  in  the  Marienstift  Library  at 
Stettin.  The  news  in  these  numbers  is  most- 
ly concerning  foreign  countries. 

First  Newspaper  Competition. 
Evidently  the  newspaper  was  a  success, 
since  already  in  the  year  1617  there  arose 
a  dangerous  competition,  which  resulted  in 
a  lengthy  and  obstinate  dispute.  The  com- 
petitor was  the  postmaster  of  the  Prince 
rnoi"*"'^'" ""'"'"*■  ^  of  Taxis,  Johann  von  den  Birghden.  This 
man  played  a  great  part  in  the  development 
of  the  press  in  Frankfurt  in  the  17th  century.  He  was  born  in 
Aix-La-Chapelle  in  the  year  1582,  was  at  first  a  soldier,  then 
postal  manager,  judge,  customs  officer,  until,  in  the  year  1609, 
he  was  sent  to  Frankfurt  by  the  general  postmaster,  Leonhord 
von  Taxis,  in  order  to  organize  a  new  postal  service.  He  gave 
ample  proof  of  his  fitness,  but  nevertheless,  he  retired  from  this 
office  in  the  year  1613.  By  the  special  wish  of  the  Prince  Elector 
of  Mayence,  he  took  part  in  the  establishment  of  a  postal  com- 
munication between  Frankfurt  and  Cologne,  and  was  afterward 
appointed  by  the  Prince  Lomoral  von  Taxis  as  postmaster  of 
Frankfurt. 

In  consequence,  many 
new  reports  naturally  ar- 
rived daily  in  the  Post 
House  of  Taxis,  and  the 
practical  postmaster,  von 
den  Birghden,  sought  to 
turn  them  to  good  account 
in  the  manner  of  Emmel's 
enterprise ;  he  also  issued 
in  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1617  a  newspaper.  At  the  same  time,  he  tried  to  sup- 
plant the  Emmel's  newspapers  abroad  by  carelessly  despatch- 
ing the  same.  Thereupon  Emmel  lodged  a  complaint  at  the 
Sheriff's  Court,  in  which  he  emphasized  the  fact  that  he  had 
been  first  in  issuing  the  newspaper,  and  prayed  that  the  Court 
would  assist  him  that  he  should  not  be  deprived  of  that  which 
he  had  printed  and  had  procured  from  other  printers,  during 
the  last  two  years. 

This  complaint  was  recognized  by  the  Court,  who  prohibited 
the  postmaster  from  printing  his  newspapers  in  Frankfurt,  to 
the  disadvantage  of  the  plaintiff.  Von  den  Birghden,  however, 
declared  that  he  would  not  abide  by  the  prohibition,  but,  on  the 


20 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


contary,  he  would  continue  to  print  his  news  in  Frankfurt,  to 
suit  his  own  convenience.  Emmel  complained  again.  But  as 
the  Court  perhaps  considered  that  the  postmaster  was  an  in- 
fluential person  who  had  behind  him  very  highly  placed  person- 
ages, they  arrived  at  the  following  decision.  Lectum  in  Senate 
30  January  Anos  1617,  and  decreed  that  permission  should  be 
given  to  Birghden  as  well  as  to  Egenholf  Emmel,  to  print  their 
papers  on  their  own  risk,  and  at  the  same  time  to  express  to 
Birghden  displeasure  on  account  of  his  wrongdoing.  It  appears 
that  Birghden  was  not  quite  satisfied  with  the  decision ;  he, 
therefore,  further  appealed  to  the  Emperor  Ferdinand  II,  and  to 
the  Protector  of  the  State  Post,  the  Prince  Elector  of  Mayence, 
and  the  latter  wrote  to  the  magistrate :  "As  the  News  and 
Zeitungen  always  arrive  at  the  Post  (an  assertion,  which  was 
subsequently  disputed  by 
the  postmasters),  therefore 
it  would  be  more  justifiable 
to  grant  the  postmasters  the 
permission  to  print  papers 
in  preference  to  others,  who 
often  invent  news  for  their 
own  self  interest." 

Both  papers  then  ap- 
peared side  by  side  and  in- 
deed it  appears  that  Em- 
mel's  paper  sided  more  with 
the  citizens  and  Protestants, 
whereas  Birghden's  gave  its 
services  more  to  the  impe- 
rial and  Catholic  party. 

Of  these,  except  Birgh- 
den's "Zeitung,"  no  existing 
copies  have  been  identified. 
Opel  presumes  that  several 
numbers  of  "Zeitungen"  of 
the  years  1621-1623,  which 
bear  the  title  "Unvergrei- 
fliche  Zeitungen  and  Wo- 
chentliche  Zeitungen,"  and 
which  may  be  found  in  the 
archives  of  Marburg,  and  in 
the  State  archives  of  Dres- 
den, are  productions  of 
Birghden;  but  there  is  no 
support  for  this  supposition. 

In  the  meanwhile  an- 
other paper  was  founded  in 
Frankfurt  by  the  book  deal- 
er, Schonwetter.  This  en- 
terprise, however,  met  at 
first  with  many  difficulties, 
as  the  Emperor  Ferdinand 
II.  withdrew  the  patent, 
which  he  had  granted,  for 
the  ostensible  reason,  that 
he  was  not  pleased  with  the 
tone  of  the  paper.     Schoen- 

wetter,  nevertheless,  continued  its  publication,  trusting  to  the 
turbulent  condition  of  the  times,  which  rendered  it  difficult  to 
keep  proper  control  over  such  matters.  He  also  reaped  con- 
siderable advantage  from  the  embarrassments  which  befell 
Birghden  after  1623.  Birghden  was  accused  of  entering  into 
relations  with  the  enemies  of  the  Emperor,  and  was  for  some 
time  kept  under  arrest.  He  succeeded,  however,  not  only  in 
defending  himself,  but  also  in  again  obtaining  the  favor  of 
the  Emperor  to  such  a  degree  that  the  latter,  in  1625,  con- 
ferred upon  him  a  title  of  nobility. 

Good  fortune,  however,  did  not  smile  upon  him  for  long.  On 
the  3rd  of  March,  1627,  the  Emperor  decreed  the  immediate 
removal  of  Birghden  from  the  postal  service,  because  "in  the 
weekly  papers,  which  circulate  greatly  in  France,  he  meddles 


JULIUS  CAESAR  AND  CLEOPATBA. 


with  improper  matters,  to  the  prejudice  of  the  Empei'or  and 
the  Common  Welfare." 

Other  accusations  of  a  similar  nature  were  brought  Birgh- 
den, whose  attempt  to  disprove  them  was  of  no  avail,  and  he 
was  ultimately  compelled  to  resign,  and  therewith,  evidently, 
terminated  the  existence  of  his  paper. 

Soon  after  this  the  Emperor  took  still  more  determined 
measures.  With  a  single  edict  of  May  9,  1628,  he  did  away 
with  all  the  newspapers  of  Frankfurt,  giving  to  the  Count 
of  Taxis  the  sole  right  to  print  newspapers.  He  continually 
held  that  the  privilege  of  issuing  newspapers  was  at  all  times 
an  annex  of  the  Frankfurt  Post  Office,  and  under  the  authority 
of  the  postmaster  the  dailies  continued. 

At  this  critical  moment,  Schonwetter,  the  bookseller  suc- 
ceeded in  obtaining  from 
the  Count  of  Taxis  permis- 
sion to  print  a  newspaper, 
or  rather  to  continue  the 
paper  which  he  had  hitherto 
published.  It  is  not  known 
what  obligations  Schoen- 
wetter  assumed,  but  there 
can  be  no  doubt  that  he  had 
in  the  first  instance,  to  rep- 
resent the  news  and  inter- 
ests of  the  Count  of  Taxis, 
the  Emperor,  and  the  Cath- 
olic party. 

The  paper  appeared  un- 
der the  title  "Ordentliche 
woechentliche  Post-Zeitung" 
(Ordinary  Weekly  Post- 
Journal)  and  gave  news 
from  Rome,  Venice,  Vienna, 
Prague,  Breslau  and  Ham- 
burg, etc.  One  copy.  No. 
49,  of  the  year  1629,  is  still 
in  existence  in  the  State 
Archives  of  Frankfurt,  and 
several  others  of  the  same 
year,  in  the  State  Archives 
of  Dresden. 

The  success  of  Schon- 
wetter was,  however,  of 
short  duration,  because' 
when  the  Swedes  ap- 
proached Frankfurt  in  the 
year  1631,  Mr  Brintz,  the 
postmaster  appointed  by 
Taxis,  took  to  flight  and 
King  Gustav  Adolph  again 
entrusted  Birghden  with  the 
general  direction  of  the  post 
at  Frankfurt.  Naturally 
Birghden  made  use  of  this 
opportunity  to  again  pub- 
lish "Zeitung."  Documen- 
tary evidence  in  confirmation  of  this  fact  does  not  exist  but  we 
may  certainly  take  it  for  granted  that  the  many  "news  sheets" 
evidently  emanating  from  Frankfurt,  during  the  years  1632- 
1635,  under  title  of  "Ordentliche  wochentliche  Zeitung"  (ordi- 
nary weekly  paper)  which  are  to  be  found  partly  in  the  Zuricher 
Burgher  Library,  and  partly  in  the  State  Archives  of  Dresden, 
as  well  as  the  oft  quoted  No  58  of  the  year  1632,  in  the 
Camerishen  Collection  at  Munich,  are  productions  of  Birghden. 
They  naturally  side  with  the  Swedes,  without  showing  them- 
selves too  antagonistic  to  the  Emperor. 

After  the  conclusion  of  the  Peace  of  Prague  the  House  of 
Taxis  again  undertook  the  management  of  the  Post  and  Birgh- 
den was  again  forced  to  retire,  although  he  was  distinctly  in- 
cluded in  the  amnesty  of  the  Emperor.     The  newspaper  again 


21 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


adopted  the  title  Post  Zeitung  and  the  first  page  was  ornamented 
with  the  picture  of  a  trumpeting  postillion.  Later  the  paper 
received  the  title  "Ordentliche  Wochentliche  Kaiserliche  Reichs 
Post  Zeitung"  (ordinary  weekly  Imperial  State  Post-Zeitung). 
The  slack  discipline  prevailing  during  the  occupation  of  the 


in  the  course  of  a  week,  making  it  a  tri-weekly  publication. 
After  the  death  of  Serlin  in  1674,  his  widow  continued  the 
publication,  until  Postmaster  Johann  Wetzel  of  Lauterberg 
finally  succeeded,  in  1678,  in  obtaining  an  Imperial  rescript  for- 
bidding the  continuation  of  the  Journal,  because  the  privilege  of 


Swiss  allowed  of  the  issue 
of  a  second  paper,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  Birghden'shen 
Zeitungen.  The  publisher 
and  printer  can  no  longer 
be  ascertained,  possibly  it 
was  Wolfgang  Hofman, 
who  at  that  time  published 
several  prints  in  the  inter- 
ests of  the  Swiss.  The 
title  of  the  year  1632  (a 
file  of  which  is  preserved  in 
the  Burgher  Library  of 
Zurich)  is  "Zeitung  Post," 
followed  by  a  lengthy  in- 
troduction. In  later  years, 
several  changes  were  made 
in  the  title,  yet  the  word 
"unpartheiisch"  (impar- 
tial) is  generally  employed, 
so  that  Opel  named  them 
the  "Unparteiische  Frank- 
furter Zeitung"  (The  Im- 
partial Frankfurt  Jour- 
nal). Nevertheless,  it  sided 
strongly  with  the  Protes- 
tant party,  and  from  their 
camps  received  very  valu- 
able reports.  Its  existence 
can  only  be  traced  until  the 
year  1656.  It  ceased  to  ap- 
pear in  the  year  1660. 

Apparently  a  second 
newspaper  was  a  necessity 
for  Frankfurt,  for  only  a 
few  years  after  the  disap- 
pearance of  the  "Impartial" 
another  similar  paper  was 
■  brought  into  life,  this  time 
by  a  book  seller,  Wilhelm 
Serlin,  a  native  of  Nurem- 
berg, who  published  his 
paper  on  Tuesdays  and 
Saturdays.  This  naturally 
met  with  the  violent  opposi- 
tion of  the  postmaster  of 
Taxis.  Originally  this  new 
Zeitung  was  called  the 
"Hollands  Progressin,"  be- 
cause it  contained  prin- 
cipally reports  from  the 
Netherlands,  but  later  it 
took  the  title  "Journal." 

Owing  to  the  great  in- 
terest which  the  war  in 
Holland  excited,  and  fur- 
ther because  of  the  paper's 
out-spoken  Protestant 
tendency,  and  the  moderate 
price  of  two  gulden  for  a 
year's  subscription,  at 
which  it  was  sold,  the  new 
paper  rapidly  obtained  a 
large  circulation,  which  in- 
duced the  editor  to  issue 
occasionally  a  third  paper 


SPECIMENS  OF  ALPHABETS. 


Hieroglyphics. 


Coptic. 


Etiiiopic. 


Cuneiform. 


MerolUc 


Sanslcrit. 


Phoenician. 


Hebrew. 


Syrlac. 
Estrangelo. 
Syro-Chaldaic. 
Greek. 
Inscr.  Greek. 

Arabic. 

Panjabi. 

Ouiaratl. 

Bengalis 

Oriya. 

Telugu. 


Mafayalim. 

Tamil. 

Sinhalese. 


Burmese. 

Siamese. 

Chinese. 

Japanese. 

Chlppewyan, 

Armenian. 

Russian. 

German. 

Irish. 


D  o 


\'\   I  c>  W 


^±n 


new  icjuT  6T*>Erfr«4>rto'yi,iAApeqTOY£iO 

nbbn  :rbm?-b3  •'liprp'ili-bsi  njnrrn?  "''P'??.  "'^i.^ 

UaTep  rjficov  6  iv  tois  oupavois,  ayiacr6y]To> 
nAT€P    HMnN    O    €N     TOIC     OVPA 

U  WTFt  ^lf3T   ^   m7[  f^   t,  :t3T  7^' 

e?i  eii9^fl|??G'Q  ^^S  ac'l^  ^^'^  ^\^^  ^l  €51^  1 
ffTneB*3a©s  oro_icocronooocQ)  n-TlrooGaJ,  co\e> 
ccooSscoScqS8codSqoo30  33051^008 

t 

ft- fi^  *  ^  S  il  Eg  I  ^  W  E  ;fi  «  W  Sfc «  3c «  5r  ^  * 

ilC  h'=\  TiC,  U"D  Cp'  CTt^C  <1CT!/Ix   W:>  t>U/^ 

^•ujp     Jkp     np  jbp^piiu,    vni-pp.    blhafi    ui'bnJb  ^n  : 

Othb   Harat,   cymiH   na   He6ecax'b !     aa 
Unfcr  aSatcr  in  bent  ^immcl!    35ctrt  SJamc 
^j\  n-At^tf  Acik  J.t»  ne^rh,  50  fiAomt^ip  C'Aintn. 
22 


(00030  33001^ 


wjsS^i  UM3  wvimfi^Mjny  If  titj  f.w^353f^, 


issuing  newspapers  be- 
longed to  the  Post. 
Epistolary  Newspapers. 
At  the  same  time  as  the 
messengers  w  ere  being 
supplanted  the  hand-writ- 
ten newspapers  also  began 
to  decline;  yet  in  this  case 
the  motive  not  envious 
competition,  but  the  appre- 
hension lest  in  these  closed 
letters  much  falsehood, 
libel  and  especially  much 
that  was  heretical  might 
be  circulated.  It  was 
mainly  with  regard  to  the 
latter  that  many  civil  and 
ecclesiastical  a  u  t  h  orities 
felt  uneasy.  With  spying 
eyes  they  watched  over 
everything  that  was 
printed;  every  single  line 
was  subjected  to  severest 
censorship,  such  that  the 
written  newspapers  were 
powerless  to  withstand. 
Among  those  who  acted 
as  censor  to  the  Austrian 
Government  was  also  Dr. 
Johann  Maximilian  Sallo, 
whose  duty  it  was  to  con- 
trol and  proceed  without 
mercy  against  oflfenders  in 
cases,  even  inflicting  cor- 
poral punishment.  How- 
ever, one  soon  became  con- 
vinced that  such  a  control 
in  spite  of  all  severity  was 
impossible.  Thus  it  was 
decided  oflihand  to  pro- 
hibit every  written  paper. 
Throughout  the  whole  of 
Austria  they  decreed  this 
on  the  10th  of  May,  1672, 
and  at  the  same  time  the 
command  was  given  that 
printed  newspapers  only 
were  to  be  made  use  of. 
Thus  the  epistolary  news- 
papers disappeared  and  a 
new  political  life  unfolded. 
Going  back  to  the  subject 
of  Widow  Serlin  and  the 
claim  of  Postmaster  Wet- 
zel, the  Town  Council  took 
the  part  of  the  oppressed 
widow,  and  proved  that  the 
claim  of  the  post  official 
was  unfounded  and  de- 
manded the  withdrawal  of 
the  Imperial  rescript. 
These  proceedings  resulted 
in  the  rejection  of  the  un- 
warranted claim  of  the 
Frankfurt  Post  Office,  and 
the  Journal,  under  the 
able    editorship    of    Herr 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


GUTENBEKG'S    FIEST    PKINTING    OrPICE, 

Reproduction  of  a  famous  painting-  depicting-  Gutenbe 
talking  to  Faust,  who  is  inspecting  proof  sheets  from  tl 
movable  type.     Faust   afterwards  became  financier   of   the 


tiamatee  pntlriiltgaFptctoipfcbtu  Ifgffpnto  jjicq 
wimifitCfuftDtitopfC^gfcbrrilcmKttfuiuniit'am 
Inn  fit  f  fintlnfin'uonfo  fa  nuis  iploniB t^f  pnti  %P 

DOHATTTS.      (MAINZ:   c.   1448.)       GTTTEIIBEEG'S    FIRST   TTPE, 


Dornheck,  the  son-in-law  of  the  Widow  SerKn,  developed  into  one 

of  the  most  flourishing  newspapers,  which  had  a  large  circle  of 

readers  in  Germany  and  abroad.  By  the  energetic  and  undaunted 

exertion    of  Widow    Serlin,  the     . 

Journal  reached  a  circulation  of 

1,500  copies,  a  thing  unheard  of 

at  that  time.     In  the  meantime 

the  circulation  of  the  Post  Zei- 

tung   dwindled    from    1,000    to 

500. 

The  amount  of  income  which 
Mrs.  Serlin  derived  from  the 
Journal  was  so  considerable  that 
it  caused  one  of  her  competitors 
to  remark: 

"No  Judge  of  the  Imperial 
Courts,  no  Chancellor  of  any 
German  Prince  and  no  Syndicus 
(Secretary)  of  any  of  the  Free 
Cities  of  the  Empire  enjoys  an 
appointment  as  lucrative  as  the 
privilege  patents  of  Widow  Ser- 
lin for  issuing  the  Journal, 
which  secures  her  an  income  of  20,000  thalers. 

"This  valuable  patent,  which  was  transferred  to  her  heirs 
in  the  year  1686,  remained 
in  the  possession  of  the  Ser- 
lin family  until  1802,  and 
during  that  period  the  Jour- 
nal, or,  as  it  was  also  called, 
'the  Serlin'she  Zeitung,'  was 
published  by  the  successors 
of  the  Serlin  family." — • 
From  Ludivig  Salomon. 

Now,  let  us  examine  the  claims  of  England  as  the  birthplace 
of  the  first  newspapers.     F.  N.  Hunt,  in  his  stoiy  of  "Enghsh 
Journalism,"    published    in    1850, 
has  this  to  say : 

"When  the  reign  of  James  the 
First  was  drawing  to  a  close ;  when 
Ben  Jonson  was  poet  laureate,  and 
the  personal  friends  of  Shake- 
speare were  lamenting  his  then  re- 
cent death ;  when  Cromwell  was 
trading  as  a  brewer  at  Hunting- 
don ;  when  Milton  was  a  youth  of 
sixteen,  just  trying  his  pen  at 
Latin  verse,  and  Hampden  a  quiet 
country  gentleman  in  Buckingham- 
shire, London  was  first  solicited  to 
patronize  its  first  newspaper. 

"There  is  now  no  reason  to 
doubt  that  the  puny  ancestor  of 
the  myriads  of  broad  sheets  of  our 
time  was  published  in  the  metrop- 
olis in  1622,  and  that  the  most 
prominent  of  the  ingenious  specu- 
lators who  offered  the  novelty  to 
the  world  was  one  Nathaniel  But- 
ter. His  companions  in  the  work 
appear  to  have  been  Nicholas 
Bourne,  Thomas  Archer,  Nathanir] 
Newberry,  William  Sheffard,  Bar- 
tholomew Downes  and  Edward 
Allde.  All  these  different  name", 
appear  in  the  imprints  of  the  early 
numbers  of  the  first  newspaper — 
The  Weekly  Newes. 

"What  appears  to  be  the  earliest  sheet  bears  date  the  2d  of 
August  (1622),  and  has  the  names  of  Bourne  and  Archer  on  the 
title  page ;  but  as  we  proceed  in  the  examination  of  the  subject 


THE   STBASBtTBGEB  ZEITUNG, 

The  oldest  existing  printed  newspaper  in  a  modern 
by  Johann  Carolus  in  Strasburg,  Germany,  in  1609 
pajper  were  discovered  by  Dr.  Julius  Otto  O.pee  ir 
Heidelberg  University    in   1876. 


we  find  that  Butter  became  the  most  conspicuous  of  the  set.  He 
seems  to  have  been  the  editor  and  writer,  whilst  the  others  were 
probably  the  publishers;  and,  with  varying  titles,  and  appar- 
ently with  but  indiiferent  suc- 
cess, his  name  is  found  in  con- 
nection with  newspapers  as  late 
as  the  year  1640.     *     *     * 

"No  claim  for  very  great 
originality  or  genius  can  be  put 
in  for  Butter.  His  merit  con- 
sists in  the  simple  fact  that  he 
was  the  first  to  print  what  had 
long  been  written — to  put  into 
type  what  he  and  others  had 
been  accustomed  to  supply  in 
MS. ;  the  first  to  give  to 
the  news-letters  of  his  time 
the  one  characteristic  feature 
which  has  distinguished  news- 
papers ever  since.  He  oflfered 
the  public  a  printed  sheet  of 
news  to  be  published  at  stated 
and  regular  intervals. 
"Already  hosts  of  printed  papers,  headed  by  the  word  'News,' 
had  been  issued ;  but  they  were  mere  pamphlets — catch-pennys, 

printed  now  and  then,  with- 
out any  connection  with  each 
other,  and  each  giving 
some  portion  of  intelligence 
thought  by  its  author  to  be 
of  sufficient  interest  to  se- 
cure a  sale. 

"The  Weekly  News  was 
distinguished  from  them  all 
by  the  fact  that  it  was  published  at  fixed  intervals,  usually  a 
week  apart,  and  that  each  paper  was  numbered  in  regular  suc- 
cession, as  are  the  newspapers  of 
to-day.     Holding  to  this  descrip- 
tion of  what  a  newspaper  is,  and 
on   the   authority   of  the   earliest 
printed  papers  in  the  public  libra- 
ries, to  Nathaniel  Butter  belongs 
the  renown  of  being  foremost  as  a 
newspaper  projector.     *     *     * 

"Like  many  projectors,  both 
before  and  since,  it  would  seem 
that  Butter  gained  more  notoriety 
than  profit  by  his  invention.  The 
wits  laughed  at  the  news-writer, 
and  the  public  barely  supported 
his  paper.  In  proof  of  which  we 
have  Ben  Jonson's  Comedy,  'The 
Staple  of  News,'  and  a  file  in  the 
British  Museum  showing  how  in- 
difl'erently  the  first  newspaper 
throve. 

"Yet  however  much  the  journal- 
ist may  have  winced  under  the 
jests  of  the  poet  laureate,  it  is  for- 
tunate the  jokes  were  made,  since 
they  live  in  the  pages  of  'Rare 
Ben,'  and  afi^ord  us  a  picture  not 
only  of  the  news-writer's  office, 
but  of  the  temper  in  which  his  pro- 
ductions were  popularly  regarded. 
The  poet's  sketch  is  evidently 
faithful  in  its  main  features,  and 
valuable  as  our  chief  record  of  a 
class  and  calling  long  since  superseded  by  the  progress  of  educa- 
tion and  of  the  press."  *  *  Ben  Jonson  wrote  a  play,  en- 
titled "The  Staple  of  News,"  in  1625,  the  play  representing 


;ense.  published 
Copies  of  this 
the   Library   of 


23 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


Siwsr" 


Butter  and  his  newspaper  staff.  The  first  number  of  "The 
Weekly  News"  appeared,  as  has  been  stated,  August,  1622,  and 
it  contained  the  following  announcement: 

"If  any  gentleman  or  other  accustomed  to  buy  the  weekly 
relations  of  newes  be  desirous  to  continue  the 
same,  let  them  know  that  the  writer,  or 
transcriber,    rather,    of   this    newes,  ^^ 

hath     published     two     former 
newes,  the  one  dated  the  2d 
and  the  other  the  13th  of 
August,    all    of   which    do 
carry  a  like  title  with  the 
arms  of  the  King  of  Bohe- 
mia  on   the 
other   side 
of   the   title 
page,    and 
have     de- 
pendence    one  j-^ 
upon  anothei  ,         "^j^ 
which     mannei         ^, 
of  writing  and      v'^ 
printing  he  doth     ^ 
purpose    to    con- 
tinue   weekly    b\ 
God's     assistance 
from  the  best  and 
most    certain    intelli- 
gence :      farewell, 
this     twenty-third     day     of     August, 
1622." 

Butter  continued  the  publication  of 
The  Weekly  Newes  in  an  intermittent 
manner  for  about  sixteen  years.     The 
paper  came  out  with  fair  regu- 
larity   when    exciting    events 
were  taking  place  on  the  Con- 
tinent in  connection  with  the 
Thirty  Years'  War;  but  when 
a  truce  took  place,  or  winter 
put  an  end  to  military  move- 
ments, the  publication  ceased, 
to  be  resumed,  however,  when- 
ever events  marched   rapidly. 

Between  the  years  1600-50, 
hundreds  of  news  sheets  were 
issued  from  the  London  press, 
but  no  systematic  publication 
of  news  took  place  prior  to  the 
appearance  of  Butter's  famous 
paper. 

We  find  that  by  1625  But- 
ter's paper  had  assumed  the 
name  "The  Continuation  of 
Our  Weekly  News,"  a  facsimile 
of  which  is  reproduced  else- 
where in  this  edition. 

The  Weekly  News  dos  not 
appear  to  have  been  published 
after  1638. 

The  First  French   Newspaper. 

While  newspapers  were  feel- 
ing their  way  in  Germany  and 
England,  a  paper  appeared  in 
Paris,  which,  in  view  of  the 
regularity  of  its  publication, 
its  European  circulation,  the 
abundance  and  quality  of  the 
material  it  contained,  the 
superiority    of    its    editorship 


-iKti 


PKOGKESSION      OP       THE      PKANKFURTER 

JOUBNAL  TIP  TO   1804,  SHOWING  THE   PAPEK 

AS  IT  APPEARED  AT  DIFPEKENT  STABES. 


and  the  number  of  its  correspondents,  answered  as  completely  as 
possible,  for  those  days,  the  idea  we  have  of  a  newspaper. 

The  annals  of  French  journalism  begin  with  the  Gazette,  es- 
tablished by  Theophraste  Renaudot  in  1631,  under  the  patronage 
^  of  Richelieu,  and  with  his  active  co-operation. 

Much  of  its  earliest  foreign  news  came 
diiect   fiom   the    minister,    and   not 
seldom  in  his  own  hand.  Louis 
XIII  took  a  keen,  perhaps 
a    somewhat    childish, 
interest  in  the  progress 
of  the  infant   Gazette, 
and  was  a  frequent  con- 
t  r  i  b  u  t  0  r, 
now     and 
■''"""  then    taking 

his    little 
,'    paragraphs 
to  the  print- 
I     i  n  g     office 
\     himself,    and 
'    seeing    them 
\    put  into  type. 
Renaudot   was 
a  man  eminent- 
ly     remarkable 
for     his     time, 
:'  i    and   he   has    not 

~~—- '--     s^^s'been     given     all 

the  credit  he  deserved.  His  life  so  full 
and  restless,  his  innocent  invention,  his 
troubles  with  the  faculty  of  medicine, 
his  struggle  with  the  Frondeurs,  are 
full  of  real  interest.  Richeheu,  who 
soon  understood  the  impor- 
tance of  an  organ  which  he 
could  turn  to  the  advantage  of 
his  politics,  had  granted  Re- 
naudot a  very  wide  privilege 
which  gave  him  the  monopoly 
of  all  gazettes  and  other  pub- 
lications bearing  a  political 
character.  This  privilege 
nearly  perished  in  1649,  and 
Renaudot  only  saved  it 
through  sheer  cleverness.  The 
papers  were  merely  record- 
ers. During  the  first  period 
of  their  existence  the  literary 
papers  were  hardly  any  more 
than  bibliographical  records, 
limited  to  the  announcement 
and  analysis  of  new  publica- 
tionb. 

It  was  not  until  the  middle  of 
the  eighteenth  century  that 
Desfontaines  and  Freron  be- 
gan criticising,  we  might  al- 
most say,  journalism.  While 
political  papers  were  so  well 
muzzled  literary  papers  en- 
joyed the  fullest  freedom. 

Renaudot  was  born  at  Lou- 
dun  in  1584,  studied  medicine 
in  Paris  and  at  Montpellier,  es- 
tablished himself  in  the  capital 
in  1612,  and  soon  became  con- 
spicuous both  within  and  be- 
yond the  limits  of  his  profes- 
sion. Endowed  by  nature 
with  great  energy  and  versa- 


24 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


'      ■      THE 

CO-NTINVATION 

O  F      O  V  K.       W  E  EK  L  Y 

N'twcs,  from  rhe  i^-of  f  s/vK/t^ 

to  ;hc  2,  of  March.. 

vfisb  the:  «>«*«  JW«  tfthc  f-igc  y  B  reda. 
r'mUuM'if'ii'J  the  ImseiifSoca  fy's/a  cj.,WV 

Gciic. 
TMW.ir7i-/il:t  p-cf'iraiim  o/EcthlciT!  G^iboi  ^  *(■«« 

H'iilt  ihi  iniufor.  if  she  tv»"f  »/Y''"Urne »»  Germany. 
Is  1  fi  lie  f>  mri  i>^  <   I  hi  li   nr  luth  mnJe  ix  di 
tt  uchfor  ;c  »\    'tjlinc 
j^firff  ;4<'   rf.1/    ;/(-/  !!t>    ri  I  c'>  hue  hem ^m  n  to 


if  fp  rifrvCrs 

Ticm  K'jn    Vcni 

Ccrmanv  Francu  i 

[I  c     nd  . 


tility,  he  seems  at  an  early  period  of  his  career  to  have  attracted 
the  attention  of  the  great  Cardinal,  and  to  have  obtained  permis- 
sion to  establish  a  sort  of  general  agency  office,  under  the  desig- 
nation of  "Bureau  d'Adresses  et  de  Rencontre." 

An  enterprise  like  this  would,  perhaps,  naturally  suggest  to 
such  a  mind  as  Renaudot's  the  advantage  of  following  it  up  by 
the  foundation  of  a  newspaper.     According  to  some  French 
writers,  however,  the  project  was  formed  by  Pierre  d'Hozier,  the 
genealogist,  who  carried  on  an  exten- 
sive correspondence  both  at  home  and  -  .„    - 
abroad,  and  was  thus  in  a  position  to 
give    valuable    help;    according    to      i         .ii.?./'*, 
others,  by  Richelieu  himself. 

Be  this  as  it  may,  Renaudot  put 
his  hand  zealously  to  the  work,  and 
brought  out  his  first  weekly  number 
in  May,  1631.  So  much,  at  least,  may 
be  inferred  from  the  date  (4th  July, 
1631)  of  the  sixth  number,  which  was 
the  first  dated  publication,  the  five 
preceding  numbers  being  marked  by 
"signatures"  only — A  to  E.  Each 
number  consists  of  a  single  sheet 
(eight  pages)  in  small  quarto,  and  is 
divided  into  two  parts — the  first  sim- 
ply entiled  Gazette,  the  second  Nou- 
velles  Ordinaires  de  Divers  Endroits, 
For  this  division  the  author  assigns 
two  reasons  — (1)  that  two  persons 
may  thus  read  his  .iournal  at  the  same 
time,  and  (2)  that  it  facilitates  a  di- 
vision of  the  subject  matter  —  the 
Nouvelles  containing  usually  intelli- 
gence from  the  northern  and  western 
countries,  the  Gazette  from  the  south- 
ern and  eastern.  He  commonly  be- 
gins with  foreign  and  ends  with  home 
news,  a  method  which  was  long  and 
generally  followed,  and  which  still  ob-  '''''"-  "''■■*'  '■'*''"'^' 

tains.     Once  a  month  he  published  a 

supplement,  under  the  title  of  Relation  des  Oouvelles  du  Monde, 
recues  dans  toute  le  mois.  In  October,  1631,  Renaudot,  obtained 
letters-patent,  conferring  exclusive  privileges  of  printing  and 
selling,  where  and  how  they  might  please,  "the  gazettes,  news, 
and  narratives  of  all  that  has  passed  or  may  pass  within  and 
without  the  kingdom."  His  assailants  were  numerous,  but  he 
steadily  pursued  his  course,  and  at  his  death  in  October,  1653, 
left  the  Gazette  to  his  sons.  In  1752  the 
title  Gazette  de  France  was  used.  Under 
this  designation  it  appeared  until 
August  24,  1848.  During  the  five  days 
which  followed  that  date  it  was  sus- 
pended ;  on  the  13th  it  was  resumed  as 
Le  Peuple  Francais,  Journal  de  I'Appel  a 
la  Nation,  and  again  modified  on  the  14th 
September  to  L'Etoile  de  la  France,  Jour- 
nal des  Droits  de  Tous.  On  the  25th  Octo- 
ber it  became  Gazette  de  France,  Journal 
de  I'Appel  a  la  Nation ;  and  under  this 
title  it  still  continues  to  appear.  A  com- 
plete set  extends  to  upwards  of  300 
volumes,  of  which  189  are  in  quarto  and 
the  rest  in  folio.  It  scarcely  need  be 
added  that  such  a  set  forms  a  collection  of  great  value,  not  only 
for  the  history  of  France,  but  for  that  of  Europe  generally. 
Beginning  of  Periodical  Journalism  in  France,  Germany  and 
England. 

We  owe  the  literary  journal  to  France,  where  it  soon  at- 
tained to  a  degree  of  importance  unapproached  in  any  other 
country.  The  first  idea  may  be  traced  to  the  Bureau  d'Adresse 
of    Theophraste    Renaudot,    giving    the    proceedings    of    his 


ih 


liin 


,  f    flcJ.Mii'jn.'Jauo)', 
(.1  im  "  I'll,  f  o  r  Com 
'  rr  I'j  1.    of 


FISST    EITGI-ISH    NEWSPAPER   STAND. 

Located  in  the  midclle  of  the  court  in  fro 
of  the  old  Royal  Kxchang-e.  London,  whei 
Nathaniel  Butler  wold   his   papers. 


conferences  upon  literary  and  scientific  matters  (1633-42). 
About  the  year  1663  Mezeray  obtained  a  privilege  for  a 
regular  literary  periodical,  which  came  to  nothing,  and  it  was 
left  to  Denis  de  Sallo,  counsellor  of  the  parliament  of  Paris  and 
a  man  of  rare  merit  and  learning,  to  actually  carry  the  project 
into  effect.  The  first  number  of  the  Journal  des  Savants  ap- 
peared on  January  5,  1665,  under  the  assumed  name  of  the  Sieur 
d'Hedouville.  The  prospectus  promised  to  give  an  account  of 
^  the  chief  books  published  throughout 

'"'  "        1^       Europe,  obituary  notices,  a  review  of 

i       the  progress  of  science,  besides  legal 
-'■''■''"»''•  '       and    ecclesiastical    information    and 

other  matters  of  interest  to  cultivated 
persons.  The  criticisms,  however, 
wounded  alike  authors  and  the  clergy, 
and  the  journal  was  suppressed  after 
a  career  extending  over  only  three 
months. 

Colbert,  seeing  the  public  utility 
of  such  a  periodical,  ordered  the 
Abbe  Gallois,  a  contributor  of  De 
Sallo's,  to  re-establish  it,  an  event 
which  took  place  on  4th  January, 
1666.  It  lingered  nine  years  under 
the  new  editor,  who  was  replaced  in 
1675  by  the  Abbe  de  la  Roque,  and 
the  latter  in  his  turn  was  succeeded 
by  the  president  Cousin  in  1686. 

From  1701  commenced  a  new 
era  for  the  Journal,  which  was  then 
acquired  by  the  Chancellor  de  Pont- 
chartrain  for  the  state  and  placed 
under  the  direction  of  a  commission 
of  learned  men.  Just  before  the  Rev- 
olution it  developed  fresh  activity, 
but  the  troubles  of  1792  caused  it  to 
be  discontinued  until  1796,  when  it 
again  failed  to  appear  after  twelve 
numbers  had  been  issued.  In  1816  it 
was  definitely  re-established  and  re- 
placed under  Government  patronage,  remaining  subject  to  the 
chancellor  or  garde-des-sceauz  until  1857,  when  it  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  control  of  the  minister  of  public  instruction.  The 
present  organization  much  resembles  that  of  an  academy.  The 
members  of  the  commission  are  elected,  approved  of  by  the  min- 
ister, and  divided  into  assistants  and  authors,  the  latter  furnish- 
ing at  least  three  articles  per  annum  at  a  fixed  and  modest  rate 
of  payment.  All  communications  are  dis- 
cussed at  fortnightly  conferences. 

Louis  Auguste  de  Bourbon,  sovereign 
prince  of  Dombes,  having  transferred  his 
parliament  to  Trevoux,  set  up  a  printing 
press,  and  was  persuaded  by  two  Jesuits, 
Michel  le  Tellier  and  Philippe  Lalleman,  to 
establish  the  Memoires  pour  servir  a  I'His- 
toire  des  Sciences  et  des  Arts  (1701-67), 
more  familiarly  known  as  the  Journal  de 
Trevoux,  long  the  best  informed  and  best 
written  journal  in  France.  One  feature 
of  its  career  was  its  constant  appeal  for 
the  literary  assistance  of  outsiders.  It 
was  continued  in  a  more  popular  style  as 
Journal  des  Sciences  et  des  Beaux-Arts 
(1768-75)  by  the  Abbe  Aubert  and  by  the  brothers  Castilhon 
(1776-78),  and  as  Journal  de  Litterature,  des  Sciences,  et  des 
Arts    (1779-82)   by  the  Abbe  Grosier. 

The  first  legal  periodical  was  the  Journal  du  Palais  (1672) 
of  Blondeau  and  Gueret,  and  the  first  devoted  to  medicine  the 
Nouvelles  Decouvertes  dans  toutes  les  Parties  de  la  Medecine 
(1P79)  of  Nicolas  de  Blegny,  frequently  spoken  of  as  a  charla- 
tan, a  term  which  sometimes  means  simply  a  man  of  many  ideas. 


25 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


1  den 


Religious  periodicals  date  from  1680  and  the  Journal  Ecclesi- 
astique  of  the  Abbe  de  la  Roque.  The  prototype  of  the  historico- 
literary  periodical  may  be  discovered  in  La  Clef  du  Cabinet  des 
Princes  de  I'Europe  (1704-6),  familiarly  known  as  Journal  de 
Verdun,  and  carried  on  under 
various  titles  down  to  1794. 

Germany. 

The  earliest  trace  of  the  lit- 
erary journal  in  Germany  is  to 
be  found  in  the  Erbauliche 
Monatsunterredungen  (1663) 
of  the  poet  Johann  Rist,  and  in 
the  Miscellanea  c  u  r  i  o  s  a 
medico-physica  (1670-1704)  of 
the  Academia  naturae  curi- 
osorum  Leopoldina-Carolina, 
the  first  scientific  annual,  unit- 
ing the  features  of  the  Journal 
des  Savants  and  of  the  Phil- 
osophical Transactions. 

D.  G.  Morhof,  the  author  of 
the  well-known  "Polyhistor," 
conceived  the  idea  of  a  month- 
ly serial  to  be  devoted  to  the 
history  of  modern  books  and 
learning,  which  came  to 
nothing. 

While  professor  of  morals  at 
Leipsic,  Otto  Mencke  planned  the 
Acta  Eruditorum,  with  a  view  to 
make  known,  by  means  of  analyses, 
extracts  and  reviews,  the  new  works 
produced  throughout  Europe.  In 
1680  he  traveled  in  England  and 
Holland  in  order  to  obtain  literary 
assistance  and  the  first  number  ap- 
peared in  1682,  under  the  title  of 
Acta  Eruditorum  Lipsiensium,  and, 
like  its  successors,  was  written  in 
Latin.  Among  the  contributors  to 
subsequent  numbers  were  Leibnitz, 
Seckendorf  and  Cellarius.  A  vol- 
ume came  out  each  year,  with  sup- 
plements. After  editing  about  30 
volumes  Mencke  died,  leaving  the 
publication  to  his  son,  and  the  Acta 
remained  in  the  possession  of  the 
family  down  to  1745,  when  they  ex- 
tended to  117  volumes,  which  form 
an  extremely  valuable  history  of  the 
learning  of  the  period.  A  selection 
of  the  dissertations  and  articles  was 
published  at  Venice  in  7  vols.  4to, 
1740. 

The  Acta  soon  had  imitators. 
The  Ephemerdes  Litterariae  (1686) 
came  out  at  Hamburg,  in  Latin  and 
French.  The  Nova  Litteraria  maris 
Bathici  et  Septentrionis  (1698- 
1708)  was  more  especially  devoted 
to  north  Germany  and  the  univer- 
sities of  Kiel,  Rostock  and  Dorpat. 
Supplementary  to  the  preceding  was 
the  Nova  Litteraria  Germaniae  col- 
lecta  Hamburgi  (1703-9),  which 
from  1707  widened  its  field  of  view 
to  the  whole  of  Europe.  At  Leipsic 
was  produced  the  Teutsche  Acta 
Eruditorum  (1712),  an  excellent 
periodical,  edited  by  J.  G.  Rabener 


VEBKOSrEN  tOOKINa  AT  PROOFS  OP  ANTWERP  NEWS  1605. 


Tijdinghen  uyt  vele Qttartieren,  i5j6.  ^'.jsi. 


September!  6) 

it!^n  tierdaet  uprljjttmmit 

liiitl)EJ.narfhSf'«f  l^^^- 

cUini.ttoce  <omyflB"icn 

ijifcli/  tPH  IDI  fc- 

iom0  )iM  ^afTal  on&ci; 

Cavitjiiano  oucr  bePob 

mepntwu  tz  Uomctl  /  net- 

fltoiu/  thoenetlt  »«" 

bEUSBelucflOttlllfEft^  6eiK.iEi:hcr.i(t  Idfjtf 

WBOO)  tm  Iteirfguct  Witut  fttc  oBtijuetft 

fl(j'tooj&eit  /  te^ije  acmatitii  irtn  fto  nac  bM 

Dialkaiiorcen  /  bat  t}ic  ;&ct)iItUJac(uni  tMiiic 

fWECfheiuoimen.  ^c  J?raiicopfcii  ([cclim 

amtjc  Pdo  Dll  ett  Qf/  t)c  UielcHe  De  iSiVjiinrrDc 

WIQDen/oimj.iet&et  oucr  Itomtii  tcbtlct 

tell  /  iBiD  fepi  bat  met  ©jmulttnc  z.iEncu- 

beii  Itilftoiu  HJaff  gemaecr/niaft  iiwu  raejint 


t  oloamtiaiioiniii 
Jfcfi  ujcoeromefnet 


9t  mi 
c  Itde  Beijlm 
peniotltJIQnrcDcrei) 
troojlitaarijtfamlialT; 

CUcfoatjeu/  foa  6ie  (d\it  nicr  noei^  "I't  recljr,' 
mocI;iet  \uel  eerrt  reeftt  aeng.KH/airo  tJe  itefl 
mcberom  onbec  {jaet  beoitic  ov  tc  {joubcti/ 

Eebbeii  Qtleeii  llianstE  aeu  pjoUiaiu/DeiutJlE 
ttot^Saluflp  iiSqoo,  ^af4icn  Kuoju  bebg- 
men  Ijebben. 

JEet  «airal  IB  itorB  10  outiill  ummj/titsit 
im  JleallM/Ilonlun  am  lutstKn  bePtdenbc 
afjebjcf  ft  tJatt  twrfef.  nirt  uptuitltcn/  xottbttt 
baa}  uptu.)llcn  bcrlc  ba&ig{}ifla[jt]^ll'  ®t 
^pacnlVtJE  sOalberilen  Bacr  boojfpoyei:  be 
lOjafc  tot  oca  be  JQupjni  tuaren  nekdmeii/ 

tittbwnt  /  borft  fieraoEiit  tiem  ^uc  be  ice, 
mil  reec  /  otti  be  rc{be  mebetom  op  le  L'trdtrii. 
CotDabaJlJnzo.  CampaQulen  Jil'iyobtfl' 
nenae(iat)ftionitn/  lullcn  nebenp  nottj  ecu 
aeaimeiu  TuipirtBin  not  Bet  lUotltti 


1  Cnffil  t 


pobitcnboo}  bie^paenrdjai/biiineu  €a|Tal 
0ljehoiiieii. 

VVt  Rcgcnr.biiioliden  i8,  diio. 

Bciltbf  tuatnbatll  3!ll>  Sepbe  O'SJocW^ 
!©coiBaibe3iaflai»Ma<5cfrc  mtt(cnftetc= 
fle*Mjl)tt  alllier  sluemneli  /  eiibe  gifteren 
l»ocr||bp  tieprerl$(Ut  Waleltepi  aiibiintie 
bllc|).tbt/enbt  baer  im  mtt  Cljut  «oUen  cube 
ttepcren  oyte  'jjoctlt  sljcreben*  JiEea  fepi 
Ctnir  ;Siacen  ttetfi  bcmacelcureert  /  hbiibc 
met  camen  /  |]ct  IQacc  ban  auafbtirrtg  eerfl 
teebccom  lb  booigaetibe  ttant  g0((tclt/  enbc 
hirmcil  ban  tcactecrbe/Ulaeropbc  •CallegiacI 
baefl  VnaJi  iMsfKl'V:"""'  ».•>'>'"  r\'«'  ©fOi' 
famenbalniactlrgenoettl  glte|}nbr; 

«£etli(JertOBh  jtfopoloutf  /  J^U^cH  Jiiteu- 
btttfltl'lnertagtl  Mugiiltu^  iot  ;&ulit)ot[)  rfl 
aEiurtnibecaD'ltlerbEn  metten  et  ritcn  olllter 
berloacOt  /  Htt  rchpatbiitbtfc  bat\\  rtocH  tocl 


Kruttitlnligtlbueceaniotllte  /  biatuuaube 
jcbeni'  

hiccbti 


licbendjimiricti  oytdicinQcfiii  stttartcett 


VVfOvcrlantden  >y.<iko. 


OlmQftilrocIteii/tJlbe  affinm^stl  fj}nc  IJia-- 
"'''^'      -"  bcttoattit  /  il^&pbocDlH!jae(ie 
j[lScmmit)Qt)en  uertcociteit  /  be 
Etbobinanic  Cloollec  £Quplbiun 
3©ucttenbet0|l  ooch  (jcrtttacqiicert/  (jet 


and  C.  G.  Jocher,  and  continued  from  1740  to  1758  as  Zuver- 
lassige  Nachrichten. 

The  Tijdinghen  of  Holland. 

Holland  has  always  been  among  the  first  of  European  coun- 
tries   to    lay    claim    to    early 
pi'inting,    and    especially    the 
printing   of  books   and  news- 
papers.   Though   Holland  has 
never    had   any    great    news- 
papers to   boast   of   as   being 
ahead  of  other  European  news- 
papers, she  was  undoubtedly  in 
the  front  ranks  of  the   early 
newspaper     procession.     One 
can  glance  at  an  exact  repro- 
duction of  the  Tijdinghen  uyt 
vele  Quartieren,  which  means 
in   English   news   from  many 
quarters,  and  see  that  it  was 
an  early  product  of  newspaper 
journalism   on   account  of  its 
nake-up  and  the  date  it  bears. 
This    paper    was    first    estab- 
lished in  1619,  just  ten  years 
after  the  Strasburger  Zeitung, 
and  only  four  years  after  the 
Frankfurter  Journal.   The  pa- 
per lasted  for  many  years  and  lived 
to    see  many   conflicts   and   record 
some  exciting  facts  regarding  the 
progress  of  the  world  in  the  seven- 
teenth century.     At  that  time  all 
European  countries  were  disturbed 
by  wars  and  rumors  of  wars,  king 
against    king    and    nation  against 
nation,  not  only  with  a  desire  for 
conquest    but    with    deep-seated 
hatred  toward  each  other,  and  most 
especially  on  religious  subjects. 

During  these  conflicts  in  all  dis- 
turbed Europe,  poor  old  Holland  had 
her  share,  and,  being  geograph- 
ically located  as  she  is,  had  to  either 
become  an  intermediary  or  take  up 
arms  and  fight  for  the  country  that 
would  best  serve  her  and  her  peo- 
ple during  the  few  years  of  peace 
that  came  now  and  then. 

The  Tijdinghen  had  just  been  es- 
tablished one  year  when  the  Pil- 
grims landed  at  Plymouth  Rock. 
The  Mayflower  might  have  brought 
over  copies  of  this  old  paper  when 
it  sailed  from  Holland  in  1620. 

A  large  number  of  publications 
were  in  existence  in  the  Nether- 
lands by  the  time  the  seventeenth 
century  drew  to  a  close,  and  for 
many  a  decade  these  gave  the  Ger- 
man papers  hard  competition  in 
journalistic   excellence. 

It  is  of  interest  that  the  first 
newspaper  ever  printed  in  Africa 
made  its  appearance  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  where  Jan  Van  Rie- 
beck,  an  employe  of  the  Dutch  East 
India  Co.,  estabhshed  a  colony  of 
burghers.  The  name  of  this  publi- 
cation,   too,    was    Tijdinghen    uyt 


Ibeeft/ binneu  i4.basllcr  .  ..-.-- 
ucrtrec&cu/l^tfelue  toebeEoiii  oiigbercboit/ 
^euitiUljembcboot  Don  ^ptnoui  tjotit  ee< 
neti  ervjefTfit  fiiitdec  ifi  uccmelt  flUeuioj* 
ben/Qirnicbebmi  bcflccUlettaflttjonbe  ttcp- 
rcEfeQc  ^cmabe  /  bculelbcn  i^  booic(utQ{}e 
DaQttcn  mebe  een  gtout  packet  Tcljmben  ban 
€Uaz  ^oEep  tocgticfonbep/  oat  in  fon  epgen 
bmt  fjeeft  motitii  Qticlebert  taioi&en  /  socll 
cea  atnbc  S^onQfieiDjiiift  tiaii^cncmatclltu/ 
tBBtttetbtbupbtfoIt'ulJtjaertopcnbaTcn. 

VVt  SuttijD  den  ti-  dito; 
-  ©eiltben  ^onbacft  llebben  Htf)  beWcvfcr 
feUe  jut  ;^lDbc  IDoIgnIt  600.  itetttl  Uiereiibe/ 
met  attoott  obttgegeben/  fpu  aiet  blicgenbi 
baenbtl^/tncheubevach/iirtechriigbs-gtjc. 
bjnMh  of  gfieicoclioi  /  DC  iloDiutli  tuop  booj 
Uctabergdeucliuaiibaet  berttocheu  /  bacr 
I'oubcn  obec  t!oco.rc])euttn  inft£anal]  opgc' 
bacnfpnibaef  t^Otootciijauiriccnbcamnni' 
tiitcemggcbatibcu/atnlnibcrjijbefoiibenltc 
bourn  i-fo.iiiajiQUcblcbcl)  jgtt.iCegtRteoa)* 
tniiie  Oct  oolcli  iiptgenuiimonbeCTt  /  ^aer^ 
Ixenen  tmttmcn  niet.iSc  ionintt  Beefi  ftmt 

metten  ttcfttrl  voel  tettll  atiigaen  motBte. 
©cKe)>fer(Drltc3DcIt  JTOaerffflolfl*  Con- 
3,it*banfwp  bolfii  Utttaetigefpjo* 


talleetibcatQbt, 

VVt  Lcipfighdch  IS. dito. 
iOttoble  gtcne  ^tittfinet  bilebtn  aenoc.! 
iiomta^pnfiji  banbeil  uomach  bai)^lf>c:< 
ben.niflteiiielbEn/  aUtcnetleeftmcn  lonficc 
malic  bat  ritl)  Set  Kalleel  ©olgaO  met  He 
coojt  OeefiobcvgeQebcn/  tube  itl  etp  Jicpfee* 
Ii^bc  iCiopipctier  upt  Jpomctcn  ttier  Debt 
gficyaftcert/titrracll  /bat  bit  3.  Rcnimenteit 
Mcpler^o  boltft  bte  U^otgaft  optfftlen  foubrn/ 
qualicU  foubcn  flfrractccri  inefen/  cnbefitn 
on[)ec<0actj  begt)£bent)tbbctl  /  allnaecbc 
JJcft  onbec  be  ftepfetrtfje  feet  giarettt/toaer 


Dicpci)  enbt  gcbaugenjlln ;  ^ocb  De;Siirael' 
Ibnbrtfl  (DC  tnelche  av  tuiec  mQIen  naer  ant 
SoftachfjebbtatjtlteCMl^)  gtobfin  blip^be. 


9t  Ciinminatiiil  ^ffa  u<  tlujiDin  nact    cwninOtMiH' 


PBONT  PAOE  OP  AN  EARI.Y  HOLLAND  NEWSPAPER. 


of  Europe.     The 


US  in  Antwerp,  -whicli  at  that  time  was  in 
n  read  Holland-Uutch  can  easily  translate 
ne  leading  commercial  cities  anfl  capitals 
of  the  above,  in  circulation  in  Holland  283 
,  is  owned  by  Mr.   Charles   Capehart 

26 


vele  Quartieren. 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 

The  Beginnings  of  American  Journalism 


By  CHARLES   CAPEHART 


I T  seems  strange  that  although  our  college  professors 
and  men  of  science  can  tell  us  much  about  the  civil- 
ization of  the  Egyptians,  Assyrians  and  Baby- 
lonians, their  knowledge  of  America's  first 
settlers,  the  Red  Men,  is  meager. 
Here  in  our  land,  where  we  issue  26,000  out  of  the  62,000 

newspapers   and    periodicals    published    in    the    whole    world, 

where  there  are  more  schools  and  colleges,  more  libraries  and 

institutions  of  learning  and  more  printing  machinery  is  manu- 
factured, we  have  still  much  to  learn  concerning  our  country's 

aborigines.  With  all  our  great- 
ness we  can  still  boast  of  our 

cave  dwelling  tribes  (the  Cliff 

Dwellers    of    the    West)     and 

their  stone-age  customs. 

It  is  said  that  less  than  one 

hundred   years    ago   over   700 

different  languages  or  dialects 

were  spoken  among  the  Indian 

tribes    of    North    and    South 

America.     Only  a  few  of  the 

most  learned  of  our  linguists 

can  speak  or  write  even  one 

of  these  tongues. 

Our  scientists  have  a  good 

excuse  for  not  knowing  more 

about   the    aborigines    of   the 

Western  Hemisphere,  namely, 

that,   aside  from   the   excava- 
tions of  a  few  old  cities  that 

have   been   buried    under   the 

sands   of   time   for    centuries, 

this  branch  of  the  human  race 

left  little  to  mark  their  prog- 
ress in  any  degree  of  industry. 

We  know  practically  nothing 

of  their  literature  and  art  of 

writing,  but  in  order  to  give 

a  faint  idea  of  their  ability  to 

write  reports  of  current  events 

we  reproduced  a  facsimile  of 

a    "North    American    Indian 

Gazette,"  just  as  it  appeared 

in  the   old   Family   Magazine, 

published    in    New    York    in 

1835. 


Gazett 


and  they  signify   that  18   tin 
up   the  hatchet,   or  declared   war.   in   favor   of  the 
by  the  hatchet  placed  over   the  arms   of  France, 
real,   .represented    by    the   bird   just    taking 


nd  the  buclc  sho 


the 


arrived   at 
being    to   the 
Here  they  la: 


■by 


the 


circumstance    to    which    they 
\'r\uT    o'rintv.      9     Tho   heads 
the  battle  and   the  position   of  the 
heads  of  the  arrows,  all  painting  o 


What  It  Contained. 

Thomas,  in  his  "History  of 
Printing  in  America,"  said 
that  a  French  officer  had  se- 
cured   the    copy    long    before 

our  revolutionary  war  with  England.  It  relates  to  an  expedi- 
tion of  Canadian  warriors,  who,  soon  after  the  settlement  of 
this  part  of  America,  took  up  the  hatchet  against  a  hostile 
tribe  who  were  allied  with  the  English,  and  is  a  curious  and 
interesting  specimen  of  descriptive  and  imaginative  writing. 

The  Indians  wrote  in  pictures  on  skins  and  other  smooth 
objects.  If  we  judge  the  age  of  our  American  Indian  race  by 
comparing  their  hieroglyphic  writing  with  that  of  the  ancient 
Egyptians,  we  might  boast  that  ours  is  one  of  the  oldest  nations 
on  the  globe,  for  the  Egyptian  writings  are  more  modern  and 
far  more  intelligible. 


s  near   the  hab: 
tward    of    then: 
wait  three  dai 
6.    After    which    thev 
The  man  portrays  this  fact  and   the  twelve  figures  that  the 
or  120.  and  the  brolien  roof  of  the  hut  that  thev  broke  into 
that   manner.      7.    They   killed   with    the    club    eleven   of   thei 
by    the   club  and    the    eleven    heads,    and    took   five    prisoner 
doleful   figures  on   the  little   pedestals.      8.    They  lost   nine  c 
the  action,  represented  by  the  nine  heads  within  the   bow.   which  is  the  efmbl 
'        '  ■     .n    natives:   but   they   had    none   taken   prisoners 

attach    great   honor),    as    shown   'by    the    pedest; 
of    the   arrows,    pointing   opposite    ways,    repres* 
contending  parties,     io.   The  enemy  fled:    1 
le  way,  signify  .their  flight. 


We  now  come  to  the  time  when  our  forefathers  began  to 
publish  newspapers  and  plant  the  seeds  of  liberty — seeds  which 
ripened  into  the  tree  of  American  independence. 

"Seventy  years  after  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrims 
at  Plymouth  Rock  and  two  hundred  and  Seventy  Six 
years  after  the  invention  of  printing,  a  newspaper  was 
issued  in  that  colony,"  says  Hudson's  History  of  Jour- 
nalism issued  in  1872  by  Harper  Brothers.  It  lived 
one  day,  and  one  copy  only  is  known  to  have  been  pre- 
served. That  specimen  sheet — ^that  great  curiosity  in  news- 
paper literature — is  in  the 
Colonial  State  Paper  Office  in 
London. 

The  historian  of  Salem, 
the  Rev.  J.  B.  Felt,  in  his  re- 
searches for  facts  connected 
with  that  ancient  commercial 
town,  discovered  the  copy  of 
the  "Original  newspaper"  in 
the  State  Paper  Office.  Till 
then  it  was  believed  that  the 
News-Letter,  issued  fourteen 
years  later,  was  the  first  ga- 
zette printed  on  this  side  of 
the  Atlantic,  The  pioneer  of 
American  journalism  was 
pubhshed  by  Benjamin  Harris 
at  the  London  Coffee-House, 
and  was  printed  for  him  by 
Richard  Pierce  on  Thursday, 
the  25th  of  September,  1690, 
nearly  two  centuries  after  Co- 
lumbus discovered  this 
continent. 

This  newspaper  was 
printed  on  three  pages  of  a 
folded  sheet,  leaving  one  page 
blank,  with  two  columns  to  a 
page,  and  each  page  about 
eleven  inches  by  seven  in  size. 
It  was  intended  by  its  enter- 
prising projector  as  a 
monthly,  which,  in  his  "jour- 
nalistic" dreams,  might  do  to 
start  with  in  that  progressive 
town.  We  give  the  editor's 
prospectus,  which  is  a  model 
in  its  way.  It  exhibits  a  com- 
prehensiveness, common  in  the 
early  days  of  newspapers,  that 
must  be  charming  and  refresh- 
ing to  many  journalists  of  the 
more  modern  era.  This  chronicle  seems  to  have  had  no  name, 
but  it  is  not  unlikely  that  the  intention  of  the  proprietor  was  to 
have  it  called  Pubhck  Occurrences.  That  appears  prominent  in 
his  public  announcement. 

The  imprint  of  the  paper,  according  to  Hudson,  was  as 
follows : 

"Boston.  Printed  by  R.  Pierce  for  Benjamin  Harris,  at  the 
London  Coffee-House.     1690." 

Killed  by  the  Authorities. 

"This   specimen   number  attracted   especial   official   notice. 


and 


THE   INDIAH'   aAZETTH. 

Extraordinary"   consists   of   the   following  figures 
[latic    signs   cut    out   upon    bark,    and   was   divided    into    ten   different   com- 
■nts   or   hieroglyphical   paragraphs:      1.   Bach    of   the   18   figures  represents 
mber    10,    and  appears  to  be   sojnewhat   like   our    10.   only   that   instead   of 
it    being  before    the    cypher   it   runs   thiottg-li   it.      There   are    eighte 


American  Indians  took 
French:  which  is  represented 
2.  They  departed  from  Mont- 
from    the    top      ' 


time  to  have  been  in  the  first  quarter  of  the 
3.  They  went  by  water,  signified  by  the 
I  as  they  raise  to  pass  the  night  in.  shows 
r  passage.  4.  They  went  ashore  and  traveled 
bv  the  foot  and  the  seven  huts.  5.  They 
tions  of  their  enemies,  as  shown  by  the  sun 
beginning  (as  they  think)  its  daily  course, 
represented   by  the   hand   pointing  and  by 


while  asleep. 
?e  12   times  10. 

habitations  in 
nies.  indicated 
shown   by    the 


27 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


Editor  Harris  had  touched  upon  local  and  military  matters.  It 
was  frowned  upon  at  once  by  the  authorities,  and  killed  outright 
within  twenty-four  hours."  In  alluding  to  this  fact,  Bucking- 
ham, in  his  Reminiscence,  says : 

Immediately  on  its  publication  it  was  noticed  by  the  legislative 
authorities.  Four  days  after,  they  spoke  of  it  as  a  pamphlet;  stated 
that  it  came  out  contrary  to  law,  and  contained  "reflections  of  a 
very  high  nature."  They  strictly  forbade  "anything  in  print,  with- 
out license  first  obtained  from  those  appointed  by  the  Government 
to  grant  the  same." 

This  nipped  Harris's  enterprise  in  the  bud,  and  no  other  ef- 
fort was  made  to  establish  a  paper  in  America  till  1704. 

This  effort  of  Harris  in  Boston  forms  an  epoch  in  itself  in 
the  history  of  newspapers  in  America.  It  was  the  beginning. 
In  1692,  when  Benjamin  Fletcher,  who  had  faith  in  types  and 
printing-ink,  became  Governor  of  New  York,  feeling  a  little 
jealous  of  the  progress  of  Massachusetts  and  Pennsylvania  in 
the  typographical  art,  induced 
William  Bradford,  of  Philadel- 
phia, to  migrate  to  that  State 
and  set  up  a  printing  office  in 
New  York  City,  and  in  1696 
he  had  the  London  Gazette, 
which  contained  an  account  of 
an  engagement  with  the 
French  previous  to  the  gen- 
eral peace  of  Ryswick,  re- 
printed and  circulated  in  that 
city.  There  was,  we  believe, 
only  one  issue.  Of  course  the 
reprint  had  no  local  news.  Its 
contents  embraced  merely  the 
events  in  Europe.  It  was  not 
intended  for  an  American 
newspaper.  It  was  issued  to 
give  a  piece  of  important  news 
to  the  people  toward  the  close 
of  a  great  war  which  the  Gov- 
ernor could  not  keep  to  him- 
self. But  the  fact  indicated 
the  necessity  of  newspapers. 

Nearly  fourteen  years 
elapsed  after  Harris's  Occur- 
rences, and  eight  years  after 
Bradford's  republication,  be- 
fore another  attempt  was 
made  to  give  the  news  of  the 
day  to  the  American  people  in 
printed  sheets !  Meanwhile  the 
newspapers  of  England  ar- 
rived from  time  to  time,  feed- 
ing the  public  mind  with  news 
from  home,  and  creating  a  de- 
sire for  such  an  institution  in 
the  colonies.  It  was  impossible 
for  every  one  to  get  copies  of 


mn.b.  1  f  ubltrk 

lotlj  jDrrign  aiih  Snmpatirk 
Inston.  SIjurBBaa.  ^evi-  2511j,  1690. 

3t  is  iirsignri  that  tljr  (Enittttrij  aliall  bt  fnrntBlrpii  mte  a  tnntttl)  (nr 
if  atiii  (61ut  of  ®rturrriicrB  Ijajtiirn  nftrnrr)  uiitl|  an  Arrount  of  sttrl; 
rotiBibprablp  tljlngs  as  Ijauf  arriupli  uttto  am  Sfottce. 
Jit  orbrr  IjcKunto,  tljr  Publialjj'r  will  take  uiljat  ;iatna  Ijr  ran  to  obtain 
a  iffaitljful  Irlatinn  of  all  anrlj  tilings ;  anft  mill  jiartirularhi  make 
Ijimarlf  brljnliirn  to  anrlj  l^trsaixs  in  loaton  roljom  Ift  knoma  to  Ijau? 
bppn  for  tljpir  ouin  nst  tljp  iiiligrnt  ©bspnirrs  of  aurlf  mattpra. 

ulliat  luljirl)  ia  IjprPin  prafmsti.  is,  3Firat,  Slfat  ilrmontblp  ©rrurrpnta 
of  Bioinp  f  rouiJipnrp  maif  not  br  nrglpttpJ)  or  forgottrn.  aa  tljrg  too 
oftpn  arr.  ^pronlilg,  iilljat  iipn^ilp  pvtpryiuljrrp  matt  brttpr  unripratatiii 
tlfp  OlirntmBtanrra  of  fitbliqnp  Affaira.  bntlj  abroad  anJi  at  liomp; 
mljirl)  matj  not  ouh(  iiirptt  tlipir  uHiougljta  at  all  timpa,  but  at  somp 
timPB  alao  to  aaaiat  tljrir  Inainpaa  anii  Jfrgotiationa. 
SJljiriilg.  ®liat  aomp  tiling  mag  br  Jionp  touiarria  tlip  Qluring.  or  at  Iraat 
tljp  (Eljarming  of  tljat  g-jiirit  of  Hging,  niljirlt  prevails  among  us. 
mlfprrforr  notljing  aljall  bp  rntprpli,  hut  luljat  mp  Ijaup  rpaaon  to  bplipup 
ia  trup.  rppairing  to  tljp  hpat  fountaina  for  our  information.  Anli 
mljrn  tl|prr  ajiprara  ang  matprial  miatakr  in  anjjtljing  tljat  ia  rollrrtpli, 
it  aljall  bp  rorrprtpii  in  tl|P  np.xt. 

iEorrnnpr,  tljp  5Iublial)rr  of  tljpap  (©rrurrrnrpa  ia  milling  to  rngagp, 
tljat  mliPrraa,  thprp  arr  mamj  3Falap  Srjiorta,  malirioualg  malir.  anb 
epnah  among  ua,  if  ang  mpll  minapb  ^ipraon  mill  hp  at  tljp  jiaiiia  to 
trarp  ang  aurli  falap  iSpvinrt,  ao  far  aa  to  finli  out  anil  (Honuirt  tlfp 
jFirat  Kaiapr  of  it.  Ijr  mill  in  tljia  f  aprr  (unlraa  Jnat  Atiuirp  bp  giupu 
to  tljp  rontrarg)  p.'sviobp  tl)p  Namp  of  anrlj  pM'aon,  aa  A  ilaliriona 
SaiBPr  of  a  3Falap  iSpgort.  3t  ia  auppnapii  tljat  noup  mill  Jiialikp  tljia 
f  rogoaal,  but  anrli  aa  intrnft  to  bp  guiltg  of  ao  uillanoua  a  fflrimr. 

CONTENTS    OP  FIRST   PAGE    OP   AMERICA'S   PIRST   NEWSPAPER. 


"The  Order  of  the  Gospel  Professed  and  Practised  by  the 
Churches  of  Christ  in  New  England  Justified."  Shortly  after, 
a  pamphlet  appeared  under  the  title  of  "Gospel  Order  Revived," 
being  an  answer  to  a  book  lately  set  forth  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  In- 
crease Mather,  President  of  Harvard  College,  etc.,  by  sundry 
Ministers  of  the  Gospel  in  New  England.  It  was  remarkable 
for  its  calm  and  candid  spirit.  Yet  it  could  not  be  printed  in 
Boston.     It  was  issued  in  New  York  with  this  advertisement : 

"The  Reader  is  desired  to  take  Notice,  that  the  Press  in  Boston 
is  so  much  under  the  awe  of  the  Reverend  Author  whom  we  answer, 
and  his  Friends,  that  we  could  not  obtain  of  the  Printer  there  to 
Print  the  following  Sheets,  which  is  the  only  true  Reason  why  we 
have  sent  the  Copy  so  far  for  its  Impression,  and  where  it  is 
Printed  with  some  Difficulty." 

The  printer  in  Boston,  according  to  historian  Hudson,  was 
Bartholomew  Green.  "It  was  necessary  for  him  to  vindicate 
himself,  and  this  he  did  in  a  handbill  which  appeared  in  Decem- 
ber, 1700,  with  some  remarks 
prefaced  by  Cotton  Mathew. 
This  led  to  a  paper  war  in 
pamphlets  and  handbills,  which 
materially  aided  in  breaking 
the  sanctity  and  inviolability 
of  the  controlling  classes,  and 
leading,  in  the  course  of  time, 
to  the  establishment  of  news- 
papers in  the  colonies." 

The  postmasters  were  the 
newsmen  of  that  day.  They 
were  the  ones  that  "told  you 
so."  They  supplied  their 
friends  and  patrons  with  the 
news,  as  the  news-letter 
writers  of  Rome  and  Venice 
did  in  their  time,  and  as  But- 
ters and  Renaudot  did  in  Eng- 
land and  France  prior  to  the 
establishment  of  newspapers 
in  those  countries.  They  used 
the  Pen  instead  of  the  Press. 
John  Campbell's  Enterprise. 
John  Campbell,  in  virtue  of 
his  office  as  Postmaster  of 
Boston,  was  the  news-vender 
of  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  in- 
deed, all  of  New  England  on 
the  opening  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  It  soon  became  evi- 
dent to  him,  from  experience, 
that  the  time  had  come  for  the 
establishment  of  a  newspaper 
as  a  better  mode  of  circulating 
"publick  intelligence"  than 
written  news  circulars,  so 
laborious  to  prepare  and  te- 
dious   to    multiply,    and    the 


the   few  London   publications 

sent  across  the  Atlantic,  and  the  contents  of  those  received  had 
to  be  retailed  in  coffee-houses  and  on  the  streets.  Written  news 
circulars  were  also  used  to  disseminate  the  latest  intelligence. 

The  Colonial  Press. 

Now  and  then  there  was  an  exhibition  of  independent  opin- 
ion, a  premonition  of  what  was  coming,  but  the  repressive 
acts  of  the  public  authorities  did  not  permit  this  to  proceed  far, 
or  become  in  any  way  chronic.  The  few  newspapers  pub- 
lished in  this  epoch  were,  therefore,  as  a  general  thing,  mere 
chroniclers  of  bald  facts  that  did  not  affect  the  Government. 
Society,  too,  was  puritanical,  and  under  these  circumstances  the 
T.ress  could  not  be  free  and  unfettered.  An  incident  that  hap- 
pened on  the  eve  of  this  period  will  illustrate  this  point. 

Increase  Mather,  in  March,  1700,  published  a  treatise  called 


necessity  was  too  apparent  to 
be    overlooked     by     a    man    of    ordinary   spirit    and    energy. 

After  fourteen  years  of  deprivation,  the  tastes  and  opinions 
of  the  public  had  sufficiently  ripened  for  the  authorities  to 
tolerate  and  authorize  the  enterprise,  under  great  restrictions, 
however,  such  as  prevailed  in  England  a  century  before,  and  the 
newspaper  was  accordingly  started,  which  became  from  that 
time  a  permanent  institution  in  the  country. 

Approaching  this  important  event,  we  find,  in  the  "Proceed- 
ings of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  of  1866-67,"  nine 
of  Campbell's  news-letters,  or  circulars,  which  had  been  written 
to  Governor  Fitz  John  Winthrop,  of  Connecticut,  beginning  in 
April  and  ending  in  October,  1703,  the  last  one  only  six  months 
prior  to  the  issue  of  his  newspaper.  The  first  of  the  nine  was 
dated  Boston,  April  12,  1703,  and  contained  about  four  para- 
graphs, totaling  about  three  hundred  words, 


28 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


TfieBoftoiiNrWivLeton 


i)ubUst)tti  bp  € 


From  ^onOap  April   17.  to  -,ont)ap  AprU  24.   1704. 

--■  J^^   wilier    ),    llr_vM  Un  *«/i>*'  l'    "       ' 


Fe^h 


He   tiic^iic   uke«  KXicc  <^  icttcn  set 
(uv^  %   ^>p<>c>   ■™1    iinficd    to   ■ 

llf  comr  l&Her  fram  Sc.  Orrmmm: 
Out  ihcWrraicA  Jicobae*.  wfco  wBI  not 
erarrf.c  C  •J.inj  Ae  Oafc.  to  Hct  M.- 
now  w.rMihc  P«piA>  asd  ibor  Compani* 
Si.  c>.">4«'  fn  up  lur  tbe  Ldnrf  ol  fh« 
MitwT  il  iheu  own  Priaciplcs  kut  ram- 
-  ...  ;  pl.Cn  «  Ike  N«!o».  H.  J*. 
,.,7  .hot  U>.or.  wh«h  *=  P.-.)* 
(  refuf^ng,  (o  ■•>»  iWm 
nd  *i  lb  tlic*  <•    -     '- 


1^  f;c-it>Wj 


obflna 


Experienced  as  a  news  correspondent  and  with  the  ma- 
chinery of  the  Boston  post-office  in  his  hands  for  the  distribu- 
tion of  his  paper,  John  Campbell,  on  Monday,  the  24th  of  April, 
1704,  issued  the  initial  number  of  the  Boston  News-Letter.  It 
was  an  event  in  Boston.  Its  ap- 
pearance was  a  feature  of  that 
period.  There  was  a  visible  sen- 
sation. The  first  sheet  of  the  first 
number  was  taken  damp  from 
the  press  by  Chief  Justice  Sewall 
to  show  to  President  Willard,  of 
Harvard  University,  as  a  won- 
derful curiosity  in  the  colony. 
When  this  occurred,  the  popula- 
tion of  Boston  was  only  eight 
thousand. 

The  Boston  News-Letter. 

The  News-Letter  was  printed 
sometimes  on  a  single  sheet, 
foolscap  size,  and  oftener  on  a 
half  sheet,  with  two  columns  on 
each  side.  No  subscription  price 
was  mentioned.  It  was  "printed 
by  authority,"  and  the  following 
was  the  prospectus,  advertise- 
ment as  Campbell  called  it,  as  it 
appeared  in  the  first  number: 

ADVERTISEMENT 
This  News-Letter  is  to  be  contin- 
ued Weekly;  and  all  Persons  who 
have  any  Houses,  Lands,  Tenements, 
Farms,  Ships,  Vessels,  Goods,  Wares 
or  Merchandizes,  &c.,  to  be  Sold,  or 
Let ;  or  Servants  Run-away,  or 
Goods  Stole  or  Lost,  may  have  the 
same  inserted  at  a  Reasonable  Rate, 
from  Twelve  Pence  to  Five  Shil- 
lings, and  not  to  exceed:  Who  may 
agree  with  John  Campbell^  Post- 
master of  Boston. 

All  Persons  in  Town  and  Country 
may  have  said  News-Letter  every 
Week,  Yearly,  upon  reasonable 
terms,  agreeing  with  John  Campbell, 
Post-Master  for  the  same. 

There  were  no  useless  words 
in  this  announcement.  There 
were  no  great  promises  of  what 

the  publisher  intended  to  do,  as  we  now  often  see.  It  is  practical 
and  to  the  purpose.  No  advertisement  was  to  be  inserted  cost- 
ing over  five  shillings  for  its  insertion!  John  Campbell  thus 
burst  upon  the  world  as  the  father  of  the  American  press. 

The  News-Letter, 
in  spite  of  its  vicissi- 
tudes and  troubles, 
lived  seventy-two 
years.  There  is  a 
complete  file  of  it, 
the  only  one  in  ex- 
istence, in  the  collec- 
tion of  the  New 
York  Historical  So- 
ciety. 

The  first  effort  at 
reporting  in  this 
country  was  made 
for  the  News-Letter 
shortly  after  it  was 
established.  Six  pi- 
rates were  executed 
on  Charles  River  on 

Friday,  June  30,  1704.  In  describing  the  scene,  the  "exhorta- 
tions to  the  malefactors,"  and  the  prayer  made  by  one  of  the 
ministers,  after  the  pirates  were  on  the  scaffold,  "as  near  as  it 
could  be  taken  in  writing  in  the  great  crowd,"  filled  nearly  one- 


half  of  the  paper.  In  1719,  according  to  Hudson,  Campbell  was 
removed  from  the  post-office  and  William  Brooker  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Boston.  On  the  21st  of  December  of  that  year  the 
new  postmaster,  in  accordance  with  the  custom  inaugurated  by 
his  predecessor,  began  the  publi- 
cation of  a  paper,  the  Boston  Ga- 
zette, the  second  newspaper  in 
America,  the  father  of  the  in- 
numerable Gazettes  issued  from 
that  day  to  this  throughout  the 
land.  It  was  the  name  of  the 
first  paper  printed  in  France,  as 
well  as  in  Venice  and  Nurem- 
berg. Some  hold  that  the  name 
comes  from  the  Italian  word 
gazza  or  gazzara,  which  means  a 
magpie,  a  chatterer,  a  gossip, 
and  not  from  the  small  piece  of 
money  called  gazzetta. 

The  Postmasters'  Organ. 

The  Gazette  became  the  post- 
masters' organ.  It  was  owned 
and  conducted  by  no  less  than 
five  between  the  years  1719  and 
1739,  and  for  the  heirs  of  the 
last  postmaster  till  1841,  when  it 
was  merged  with  the  New  Eng- 
land Weekly  Journal.  The  Ga- 
zette, when  owned  by  Brooker, 
was  printed  by  James  Franklin. 
When  it  passed  into  the  hands  of 
Philip  Musgrave  the  printing 
was  taken  away  from  Franklin 
and  given  to  Samuel  Kneeland^ 
who  afterward  owned  the  estab- 
lishment. 


pnj    Pto*«flju«  6«bjc. 
bu^'  life    (he    imbwioo,  kori   &•»«-  i  Tie    hn   Qpee,   _    e--^  j-   - 

.^...  *     c.^iw....(.  4v     m»   RIimJ  when  ^  *«    9**^  V    BW*'"t  •d"** 

31  thein  peair  lo  capreh'Wortt  lo*  I  cos  u.ooo  wncn  wo  "«   .?  j       r       * 

,  r.    t,~A      -.  J    .u^   .I.,.:-!.!,  I  .™  t„ro  the  Weft*/  SatUnd  mto  «  t^iaticB   Field, 


.  I— t  a  Wert  ij^^t  Miititet,  in  toe  J*nmn  i 
k-  a  Priocc  bfcijfiip  in  the  Iwrtu)  Sehtnlof  Ingr; 
:e]e,  Petfrcation'  and  Ctadtr,  and  6.ed  aril 
_a,e  and  Envy.  tTbe  Jtailut,  he  6j»^  both  i 
A>a!aai  aod  at  &i  GtrWMimi,  ate  Mopiiiapt  tind. 
'in«,  aad  knowing  the*  circaii 
belnach  ^mtt  than   they  : 


theE.  peetnt    Stni,   and    knowing 


:  Uoi 


He^ddt.  That  the   fntb  King  kno 

b,  jVooee  .iea»!V"r  *"  l»°*"  »  ""ri"."" 

UoiletU    Mnoatchtl   «>d    0>    ru«e    the    F#t«ant 

Tufee  trf-  Ci""  IS"'",  «e  "l"  "  •"  ^»"bil«r 
^1^^  i ,  id  ihTh.  lko«ld  be  perf-»!ed  that 
ibc  DeGgn  ,a«ild  nufcam  in  the  eh*,  en  be  can- 
not   b«t    reap    fame  .  Aihaniaje    bjr   imkoilan   the 

From  all  thi«  the  Authoe  co«elod<i  it  li  he  the 
Iniereft  of  the  Nauon,  to  ptoFide  for  Self  delenee; 
and  &T*,  that  at  oianjf  ha.e  alrcaiy  tA.J  the 
AUn»,  and  ate  fainiflung  iheoifcNet  »iib  Arma 
and  Amonnitioor  1»  .»»(«»  <>*  .  G«"«tno.et.t  »J1 
onlr  allow  it,  W  cncoaiagc  «,  foce  the  Nai>- 
jppOT.aa.en.   M 


«lv  allow 
igbi  an  t 


i_the_Pffaic«. 


THE    SECOND     fllWRBICAN    NEWSPAPEB. 


JSTumb.  425 


THE 


Ncw-Yo.rk  Gazetce? 


7io\v.I)<cemkr  lo^  toMondayjPfCir/'jff/- j/.I/jj- 


CopcnlidK'".  0<.>iibcr  3. 

Pirli   wioli    Dif[.Kchr!lr<.i"  ^Uf  M<\ni<A^ 

'  <":i>f  rrinci-.  ,iii3  ;oo('»JVjjr^-air'-. 


l.\C-SIMIl,L  Ol-  lltADlNG  OF  HRST  NEW.SPAPtR  IN  NKW  YORK 


THE    FIRST    NEW    TOBK    NEWSPAPER. 


First  Philadelphia  Paper. 

The  day  after  the  issue  of  the 
first  number  of  the  Gazette  the 
third  newspaper  in  the  colonies 
was  established  in  Philadelphia. 
Its  title  was  the  American 
Weekly  Mercury,  and  its  birthday  was  the  22d  of  December, 
1719.  This  paper  was  "Printed  and  sold  by  Andrew  Bradford, 
at  the  Bible,  in  the  Second  Street,  and  John  Copson,  in  the  High 
Street,  1719-20."  Bradford  was  the  postmaster  of  Philadelphia. 

He  was  a  son  of 
William  Bradford, 
who  opened  the  first 
printing  office  in  the 
colonies  outside  of 
New  England.  The 
Mercury,  like  the 
News  -  Letter,  had 
soon  to  compete 
with  a  Franklin.  It 
had  also  its  troubles 
with  the  authorities. 
On  the  21st  of  Feb- 
ruary the  editor  and 
publisher  was  sum- 
moned before  the 
Provincial  Council. 
He  was  discharged 
.  _     -      .^j^j.^    ^    reprimand, 

and  a  warning  never  to  publish  anything  more  relative  to  the 
affairs  of  any  of  the  colonies,  after  explaining  that  the  offending 
paragraph  "was  written  and  inserted  by  a  journeyman  without 
his  knowledge,"  .  .__ ....  ...   ^ 


Sf  l^ere If  WtntJ  fnougl  to  blo^'  outldouSIt  WilchOndlo 
itnifl  rjiTe'4o,  5;o  or  60  Hog!>fiid«  of' Water  1"*^  ,^'""') 
aji(J  continues iliii  intU.iullj  ii»  >/l'  hy  Ujw  «t«  N"^i..5 


29 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


Afterward  he  had  to  pass  through  a  severer  ordeal 
"Benjamin  Franklin  had  written  a  series  of  essays 
over  the  signature  of  Busy  Body,  for  the  Mercury,' 
according  to  Hudson,  "and  in  one  of 
them,  near  an  annual  election,  the  fol- 
lowing remarks  were  made: 


In  1733  Bartholomew  Green  died,  and  the  paper 
passed  into  the  hands  of  his  son-in-law,  John  Draper, 
who  continued  to  maintain  its  semi-religious  character. 


It  was  then  the  custom  for  men  to  make  stays. 
There  were  inimitable  Banks  then  as  there  is  the 
inimitable  Worth  that  governs  the  fashionable  world 


To  the  friends  of  liberty,  fi 
and  public  spirit  are  absolutely  requ 
and  this  quality,  so  essential  and  nece 
to  a    noble    mind,    proceeds    from   a   just 


f  mind 


ised    the 


of 


:ipally    for    the 


:iety. 


donal 


Romans, 
proved  their  virtue,  and  made  them  pro- 
lectors  of  mankind.  This  principle,  accord- 
ing to  the  motto  of  these  papers,  animated 
the  Romans — Cato  and  his  followers — and  it 
was  impossible  to  be  thought  great  or  good 
without  being  a  patriot;  and  none  could 
pretend  to  courage,  gallantry,  and  greatness 
of  mind,  without  being  first  of  all  possessed 
with   a  public  spirit  and   love    of  their   coun- 

"y-    . 

This  simple  matter  produced  such  an 
effect  on  the  Governor  and  Council 
that  they  ordered  Bradford  to  be  ar- 
rested, committed  to  prison  and  bound 
over  to  the  court.  But  Bradford 
showed  some  pluck  on  this  occasion 
and  the  matter  ended  there.  It  is  prob- 
able that  Franklin  infused  some  of  the 
boldness  manifested  in  the  IMercury 
at  this  time. 

Andrew  Bradford  died  on  the  24th 
of  November,  1742.  The  Mercury  was 
suspended  a  week  after  his  death,  and 
its  column  rules,  on  its  reappearance, 
were  inverted  for  six  weeks.  His 
widow  conducted  the  paper  after  her 
husband's  decease. 

THE    FRANKLINS     APPEAR. 

But  the  era  of  journalism,  with  a 
character  a  little  above  that  of  merely 
publishing  the  news  of  the  week  with 
sensation,  now  commenced.  On  the  7th  of  August, 
1721,  the  Franklins  dawned  upon  the  world  and  be- 
came famous.  On  that  day  James  Franklin,  having 
lost  the  printing  of  the  Gazette,  issued  a  paper  which 
he  called  the  New  England  Courant.  It  was  the 
fourth  newspaper  on  this  continent.  The  appearance 
of  the  Courant  was  the  saddest  blow  John  Campbell 
received.  It  brought  out  a  few  sparks  of  originality 
and  vitality,  and  then  the  father  of  the  American 
Press  abdicated,  and  subsided  into  a  justice  of  the 
peace.  But  Campbell  had  a  few  last  words  before 
Ihe  surrendered  the  News-Lctter  to  Bartholomeiw 
Green. 

On  the  issue  of  the  Courant,  it  was  evident  Frank- 
lin intended  to  make  it  a  readable  paper.  Speaking 
of  the  News-Letter  in  his  first  number,  he  asserted 
that  it  was  "a  dull  vehicle  of  intelligence."  This 
was  considered  so  severe  by  Campbell  that  it  com- 
pletely aroused  the  old  editor,  and  a  broadside,  in 
answer,  in  Latin  and  English,  appeared  in  the  News- 
Letter  on  the  14th  of  August,  1721. 

Very  few  copies  of  the  Courant  are  in  existence; 
none  of  those  containing  Franklin's  articles  on  the 
News-Letter.  But  it  is  believed  that  Franklin  had 
the  best  of  the  controversy. 

CAMPBELL    GIVES    WAV   TO   GREEN. 

After  a  few  weeks  the  contest  between  the  Courant 
and  Campbell  ended,  and  the  News-Letter  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Bartholomew  Green,  in  accordance 
with  the  subjoined  announcement,  which  was  pub- 
lished on  the  31st  of  December.  1721: 


day  the  31st  Currant,  Bartholomew  Green  the  Printer 
thereof  for  these  IS  Years  past,  having  had  Experience  of 
his  Practice  therein;  intends  (Life  permitted)  to  carry  on 
the  same,  (using  his  Method  on  the  Arrival  of  Vessels  from 
Great  Britain,  etc.,  to  give  a  Summary  of  the  most  Re- 
markable Occurrences  of  Europe,  and  afterwards  the  Thread 
of  the  News),  provided  he  can  have  due  Encouragement  by 
competent  Numbers  taking  it  bv  the  Year,  so  as  to  enable 
him  to  defray  the  necessary  Charges.  And  all  those  who 
have  a  Mind  (either  in  Town  or  Country)  to  l-*romote  and 
Encourage  the  continuation  of  the  abovesaid  Intelligence, 
are  hereby  desired  to  Agree  with  the  said  Green,  either  by 
word  or  writing,  who  may  have  it  on  reasonable  Terms,  lett 
at  any  House  in  Town,  Sealed  or  Unsealed. 

The  last,  on  earth,  of  John  Campbell,  is  thus  mod- 
estly announced  in  the  News-Letter  of  March  7, 
1728: 


The  Univerffil  Tnjifu&or  in  all  Arts  and  Sciences  : 

AND 

Permfylvania  Gazette. 

To  be  contint!'.ed  V/'ecldy.    <S)ecg^rf  34.     172S 


fUNITED  STATES'  GAZETTE. 


r 


EAELY   AlVEEKICArr    NEWSPAPEB    HEADINGS. 


T  H  E 

Gekeraj-  Magazine, 

And 

Hiftorical  Chronkle, 

for  all  the  Eritilb  Plantations  in  Mer'tce. 
(To  U  bontimrf  Monl'i!)'.] 

JANUARY,    I  7  4  •• 


?imH  Ml  Sold  ly  a  PKAUK,  tl  N. 


ill  Monday  last, 
enty-five  years, 
of   the   post 


the    4lli 


died    he 


tlie  age 
npbell,  Esquire,  formerly 
wn.    many   years    editor    of 

Boston    News-Letter,    and   one    of    Her   Majesty's    justice 

the  peace  for  the  County  of  Suffolk. 


One  of  the  Ncws-Letters  of  1757  published  on  a 
half  sheet,  with  naval  news,  the  following  advertise- 
ment, printed  on  the  margin ; 

Any  gentlewoman  and  others  that  want  Stays  made  or 
mended  after  the  best  and  neatest  Manner  in  their  Houses, 
may  have  them  done  Cheap  for  the  sake  of  ready  Money  by 
John  Banks:  or  he  will  take  Stays  to  mend  or  make  at  his 
House  opposite  Deacon  Barrett's  Shop  near  the  Mill  Bridge, 

30 


CHANGES    I\    THE   NEWS-LETTER. 

John  Draper  died  in  1762,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son,  Richard  Draper, 
who  changed  the  title  of  the  paper  to 
that  of  the  Boston  Weekly  News-Let- 
ter and  New  England  Chronicle.  The 
name  was  again  changed  to  the  Massa- 
chusetts Gazette  and  Boston  News- 
Letter.  In  1768  it  was  united  with  the 
Boston  Post-Boy.  The  union  was  a 
mongrel  affair,  and  did  not  last  long. 
Although  the  united  papers  were  called 
the  Massachusetts  Gazette,  each  paper 
continued  a  separate  publication — the 
Post-Boy,  as  sucli,  appearing  on  Mon- 
days, and  the  News-Letter  on  Thurs- 
day s — one-half  being  called  by  its  own 
name  and  the  other  half  by  the  name 
of  the  united  concerns.  These  Sia- 
mese twins  in  journalism  were  sep- 
arated in  1709  and  Draper  fell  back 
on  his  old  title,  and  continued  to  pub- 
lish the  News-Letter  till  the  6th  of 
June,  1774,  when  he  died,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  widow,  Margaret  Draper, 
and  John  Boyle,  whom  he  had  taken 
into  partnership  a  month  previously. 
John  Howe  afterward  assumed  Boyle's 
share,  and  with  the  Widow  Draper  car- 
ried on  the  paper  till  March,  1776, 
when,  with  the  evacuation  of  Boston 
by  the  British  troops,  the  News-Leilcr, 
'^  after    a    life    of    seventy-two    year^, 

■ceased  to  exist. 

WAS  IT  YELLOW  JOURNALISM? 

After  the  tilt  with  the  News-Letter  the  Courant 
opened  its  pen  and  ink  batteries  upon  the  authorities, 
clerical  and  lay,  and  soon  got  into  trouble.  What- 
ever may  be  the  judgment  of  mankind  on  Franklin's 
course,  he  certainly  initiated  a  new  era  in  journalism. 
While  he  suffered  in  purse  and  person,  the  press 
gained  in  freedom  and  independence.  The  News- 
Letter  and  Gazette  in  Boston,  and  the  Mercurj'  in 
Philadelphia,  the  other  papers  then  published,  being 
In  the  hands  of  oi^ce-holders,  were  circumspect  in 
the  utterance  of  their  views  and  confined  themselves 
to  a  mere  rehash  of  foreign  news  and  a  few  unim- 
portant local  items. 

But  Franklin  was  made  of  different  stuff.  His 
paper  was  the  first  rebel  organ  in  America.  With 
the  leaven  of  1776  in  his  soul,  he  was  bold  and  out- 
spoken, and  commented  on  the  abuses  of  the  times 
as  he  saw  them.  Satire  was  the  effective  weapon 
of  Franklin  and  his  writers.  In  less  than  a  year  of 
the  e.vistence  of  the  Courant,  its  proprietor  was  ar- 
rested and  in  prison  for  the  boldness  of  his  language. 

THE  HELL-FIRE  CLUB. 

It  was  manifest  that  there  was  a  staff  on  the 
Courant  of  free  thinkers,  free  writers  and  free 
talkers.  They  were  called  the  Hell-Fire  Club  by  the 
Mathers,  who  seemed  to  have  the  care  and  control 
of  the  souls  and  consciences  of  the  people  of  Boston 
at  that  time.  These  writers,  including  the  youthful 
Benjamin  Franklin,  had  many  fights,  on  paper,  with 
the  clergy  and  their  adherents. 

The  war  of  words  went  on  for  some  time,  until 
Franklin  becajne  still  more  involved  with  the  au- 
thorities. The  reply  of  the  Courant  to  the  charge 
that  it  was  carried  on  by  a  Hell-Fire  Club  will  give 
the  public  some  idea  of  the  style  of  the  original 
articles  published  by  the  Courant.  On  the  22d  of 
January,  1722,  it  said : 

***These,  with  many  other  endeavors,  proceeding  from 
an  arbitrary  and  selfish  temper,  have  been  attended  with 
their  hearty  curses  on  the  Courant  and  its  publisher;  but 
all  to  no  purpose:  for,  as  a  Connecticut  trailer  once  said 
of  his  onions:  The  more  they  are  cursed  the  more  they 
grow.  Notwithstanding  which,  a  young  scribbling  collegian, 
(Mather  Byles)_,  who  has  just  learning  enough  to  make  a 
his    head    to    put    a    stop 


fool  of  himself,  has  taki 
to  this  wickedness  (as  he 
week's  Gazette.  Poor  boyt 
seen  in  otlier  countries  (u 
what  indeed  will  they  thii 
certainly  conclude;  There  i 
Cambridge,  and  sad  work  a 
when  he  calls  those  who 
Courant  the  Hell-Fire  Club 
for  them  (which,  by  the  i 
ordinance  of  baptism,  as 
England)  and  tells  u 
will   be    looked    upon 


Whe: 


ir  letter 
nihrage 
Englanc 


Blood; 

the  College.     The  young 
ote    the    several    pieces 


f  Boston  and  finds  a  Godfatlii 
le    wav,    is    a    hellish    mockery    of    (lie 
as    administered    by    the    Church    of 
That  all   the  supporters  of  the  f)aner 
i    destroyers    of    the   religion    of   the 


THE    EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


country,  and  enemies  of  the  faithful  ministers  of  it,  litt 
thinks  what  a  cruel  reflection  he  throws  on  his  reverer 
grandfather,  who  was  then  and  for  some  time  before, 
subscriber    for  the  paper. 


It   is  a  pleasure  to  me,  that   1   never   inserted   ar 
the  Courant,  which  charged  any  man,  or  society  of 
beinc   guilty   of  the   crimes    which    were    peculiar 
to  the   Hell-Fire   Club  in   London   and  which  the 
devils  themselves  are  not  capable  of  perpetrating. 
And   whether    Mr,_  M e    (Mr.    Musgra 


press  in  Philadelphia  in  1687,  and  published  a  sheet 
almanac  in  that  year,  and  made  preparations  to  print 
the  first  Bible  in  the  English  language  in  America 
somewhe  erabout  1688.  The  inducements  held  forth 
in  his   proposals    for  printing  the  Holy  Scriptures, 


youn 


and  Publisher 
champion  know 
gross   reflection 


)f    the 


Gazette)  or 
J  'tis  looked 
government ; 


that  they  should  be  told  of  a  Hell-Fire  Club 
Boston  (in  a  paper  published  by  authority)  and 
not  use  their  endeavors  to  discover  who  they 
are,  in  order  to  punish  tliem. 

On  the  14th  of  January,  1722,  the 
Courant  was  especially  emphatic  in  re- 
gard to  religion  and  the  clergy,  and  re- 
specting the  sudden  departure  of  Gover- 
nor Shute  for  England.  In  regard  to 
the  latter  it  asked  : 


Wlieth 

iters  of  th 
lamuel  Shut 
nd,  at   the 


the 


(pur: 


for 


pray   for   the    Lieutenan 

Or.    Whetht 

his    voyage, 


chief? 


design; 
l)use),  be  not  in  effect  to  pray  for  destruction? 

THE  FRANKLIN"   INVESTIGATION. 

On  that  day  the  General  Court  took  the 
matter  in  hand,  and  appointed  a  commit- 
tee to  consider  what  should  be  done  with 
Franklin.    Here  is  their  report : 

The  Committee  appointed  to  consider  of  the 
paper  called  The  New-England  Courant,  pub- 
lished Monday  tlie  fourteenth  current,  are  hum- 
bly of  opinion  that  the  tendency  of  the  said 
paper  is  to  mock  religion,  and  bring 
tempt,  that  the  Holy  Scriptures 
jjrofanely  abused,  that  the 
ministers  of  the  gospel  ar 
on.  His  Majesty's  gover 
the  peace  and  good   order  of  Fli; 


Coun 


this 


dis 


ire  therein 
d  and  faithful 
ously  reflected 
affronted,  and 
Majesty's  sub- 


the    Con- 
Franklin,    the    prii 


for    the    futu 

Franklin,  the  printer  and 
eof.  be  strictlv  forbidden  by  this  Coui 
print  or  publish  the  New-England  Courant.  or 
any  other  pamphlet  or  paper  of  the  like  nature, 
except  it  be  first  supervised  bv  the  Secretary  of 
this  Province;  and  the  Justices  of  His  Majesty's 
f    the    Peace    for    the    County   of    Suf- 


of    the    said    Franklin, 


folk, 

to    take    sufficient    bonds 
for  Twelve  Months'  time 

The  next  number  of  the  Courant,  by 
innuendo,  was  more  severe  than  ever  on 
the  officials,  and  P'ranklin  liad  refused  to 
submit  the  manuscript  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Province  previous  to  publication. 
This  created  more  difficulty  and  another 
short  imprisonment.  It  was  then  decided 
that  ''James  Franklin  no  longer  print  the 
newspaper."  On  the  11th  of  February, 
1722,  Benjamin  Franklin,  "in  his  teens,"  became  a 
journalist. 

NEW  York's  first  paper. 

Although  Governor  Fletcher,  in  having  a  copy  of 
the  London  Gazette  reprinted  in  New 
York  in  1096,  must  have  infused  a  little 
journalistic  spirit  in  that  city,  the  first 
newspaper  there  did  not  make  its  ap- 
pearance till  17'2.x 

William  Bradford,  a  printer  in  Phila- 
delphia, in  consequence  of  litigations 
with  the  authorities  there,  growing  out 
of  his  polemical  f.ublications,  or  a  dif- 
ference or  two  perhaps  with  the  Society 
of  Friends,  was  induced  hy  Governor 
Fletcher  to  leave  that  citj'  in  1690,  and 
open  a  printing  office  in  New  York.  He 
there  became  the  official  printer,  and 
after  publishing  almanacs,  the  laws,  the 
English  prayer-book  and  official  proc- 
lamations and  erecting  the  first  paper 
mill,  he  issued  in  October,  1725,  the  New 
York  Gazette,  which  was,  like  the  other 
papers  then  in  existence,  published  week- 
ly. The  contents  of  the  first  number 
embraced  the  news  from  October  16  to 
October  23.  Bradford  believed  that  a 
man  was  never  too  old  to  work,  for  he 
was  seventy  years  of  age  when  he 
started  the  Gazette.  The  paper,  for 
some  time,  was  under  the  influence  and 
control  of  William  Cosby,  the  gover- 
nor of  that  province. 

WiUiam  Bradford  was  the  fourth  printer  in 
America,  having  been  preceded  by  Stephen  Daye, 
our  Caxton,  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  1638;  Samuel 
Green  in  the  same  town  in  1640,  and  by  John  Foster 
in  Boston  in  1675.    Bradford  established  a  printing 


subscribe  for  their  publications;  there  were  no  sew- 
ing machines,  melodeons  or  life  insurance  com- 
panies in  the  amiable  Bradford's  time. 

The  New  York  Express  of  December  12,  1868,  for 
instance,    contained   the    following   immensely    com- 
prehensive advertisement : 


THE   CHURCH  UNION. 

1  _  recently  enlarged  to 
:  is  the  largest  religious 
he  leading  organ  of  the 
LiMon  juovement,  and  opposes  ritualism,  close 
conmiunion,  exclusiveness  and  church  caste.  It 
IS  the  only  paper  that  publishes  Henry  Ward 
Beecher's  Sermons,  which  it  does  every  week, 
just  as  delivered — without  qualification  or  cor- 
rection by  him.  It  advocates  universal  suffrage; 
a  union  of  Christians  at  the  polls;  and  the  rights 
of  labor.  It  has  the  best  Agricultural  Department 
of  any  paper  in  the  world;  publishes  stories 
for  the  family,  and  for  the  destruction  of  social 
evils.  Its  editorial  management  is  impersonal; 
and  editors  are  from  every  branch 
Church  and  from  every  grade  of  society, 
aptly    termed    the    freest    organ    of 


of  the 
It  has 
thought  i 


the 


■vorld. 
offeri 


of    Se' 


ouch    a    paper, 
Machines,     Dictionaries,  "Appleton's     Cyclopedia, 
Pianos,  Organs  for  Churches,  etc.,  makes  one  of 
the  best  papers  for  canvassers  in  the  world. 

Every  Congregation  may  obtain  a  Communion 
Service,  an  Organ,  a  Melodeon.  a  Bible,  or  a 
Life  Insurance  Policy  for  its  Pastor,  or  almost 
any  other  needful  thing,  by  a  club  of  sub- 
scribers. 

Some  one  published  a  parody  on  all 
these  advertisements  which  covers  the 
whole  ground.     It  is  given  as  a 


I'asle    Blacking.     ' 
blacks   boots    or    s 

hai^r    dye. 

Subscribers  for 
of  sardines. 

Subscribers  for 
with  a  pair  of  i 
eyes,     warranted 


copy  of  the  — 
box    of    Paten 

:s,    and    may    bt 


will  be  presented 
tacles,  with  glass 
age    as    well    as 

.'ill   be  entitled    to 


BENJAMIN   rBANEIiIN 

,  inventor,  diipl-omatist,  ipolitician,   legislator,  soldier,   phil- 
tist.   humorist,   phil'osopher,   but  first   of  all  a  man  of   the 
Iter's    trade    had    him    for    an    apprentice.      His    earliest 
won  from   his   newspaper   writings.      When   he   had   leaped 
reach    of    his    conuposing    room    and    has    editor's    desk   in 
Philadelphia,  he  still  maintained  a  private  (printing  establishment  in  Lon- 
don, and  afterwards  another  In  Paris.      He   was   the   first  and   greatest  of 
Amenican  journalists.     He  laid  down  the  lines  along  which   th 


Kditor,  prii 

anthroipist,   s( 

press.      The 

distinction   w 

beyond    the 


Subscribers   for   ten   copies 
a  patent  adjustable    bootjack,    which    can   also   be 
used  as  a  corkscrew,  a  coffee-mill  or  inkstand. 

Subscribers  for  twenty-five  copies  will  receive 
a  marble  bureau  with  a  mahogany  top. 

Subscribers  for  fifty  copies  will  receive  a 
seven-octave  sewing  machine  with  the  Agraff 
attachment. 

Subscribers  for  seventy-five  copies  will  re- 
ceive   a    bass  wood  parlor   suit   of   furniture. 

Subscribers  for  one  hundred  copies  will  re- 
ceive a  burial  plot,  with  an  order  for  tombstones 
delivered    when    required. 

Subscribers  for  five  hundred  copies  will  re- 
ceive a  nomination  for  Congress. 

Subscribers  for  a  thousand  copies  will  be 
presented  with  a  farm  in  New  Jersey,  fenced 
and  mortaged. 


'ider    scope    and    larger    opportur 


one  would  imagine,  have  been  the  basis  for  most  of 
the  modern  appeals  to  the  public  for  the  support  of 
newspapers,  magazines  and  books. 

There  has  been  some  improvement,   in  the  shape 


CHURCH    STREET, 

n  iQld  print. 


PHII.  ADEI.  FHXA. 


of  premiums,  on  this  prospectus  of  1688,  but  William 
Bradford  is  entitled  to  the  credit  of  introducing  this 
system  of  newspaper  and  book  subscriptions.  Some 
of  our  modern  periodicals,  religious  as  well  as  secu- 
lar, run  far  ahead  of  Bradford  in  inducements  to 
31 


BRADFORD  S    MEMORY    HONORED. 

The  New  York  Historical  Society  and 
ij.,   «.!=       Trinity    Church,   with   the   municipal   au- 
thorities   of    the    metropolis,    united,    in 
May,    1863,    on  the   two   hundredth    anniversary   of 
the  birth  of  William  Bradford,  to  do  honor  to  his 
name  and  services  as  the  first  printer  and  first  editor 
of  New  York;   and  a  commsmorative  address  was 
delivered,    according    to    Hudson,     "on 
that  occasion  by  John  William  Wallace, 
the  president  of  the  Historical  Society 
of     Pennsylvania      The    latter    society, 
at  its  annual  meeting  in  February,  1869, 
paid    similar   honors — not   on    his   natal 
day,  however — to  Andrew  Bradford,  as 
the  founder  of  the  Newspaper  Press  of 
the  Middle  States  of  America,  Horatio 
Gates  Jones  delivering  an  excellent  and 
appropriate  address." 

boston's   FOURTH   PAPER. 

Newspapers  began  to  increase  in  the 
colonies.  In  1727,  on  the  20th  of  March, 
the  fourth  paper  appeared  in  Bo?ton, 
named  the  New  England  Weekly  Jour- 
nal, "Containing  the  most  Remarkable 
Occurrences  Foreign  and  Domestick." 
It  was  published  by  Samuel  Kneeland, 
who  succeeded  James  Franklin  as  print- 
er of  the  Gazette.  The  famous  White- 
field,  and  the  ecjually  celebrated  Ed- 
wards, exercised  great  influence  over 
this  establishment.  Kneeland,  in  his 
prospectus,  promised  a  number  of  new 
features  in  journalism;  proposed  the 
organization  of  a  corps  of  correspond- 
ents of  "the  most  knowing  and  inge- 
nious gentlemen  in  several  noted  towns"  to  send 
news;  made  arrangements  for  the  regular  weekly 
publication  of  "the  Number  of  Persons  Buried  and 
Baptized  in  the  town  of  Boston";  the  prospectus 
closing  thus: 


THE    EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND    JOURNALIST 


ibis  may 
Select  num- 
the    happini 

Travel 


bcr    of 


as   a    Notification,   that   a    vvho    came 

gentlemen,    who    have    had    purpose,      •• 

a    liberal    Education,    and    f,    ,V      -J- 

them  considerably   improv'd   by   the 

distant    Countries;    are    now^  coi 


ariety    of    pleasing    and    profitabl 

On   the 

Usher    held    out   the    following   inaticc' 
ments  for  subscribers 


It    from   Ireland    for   that  olis  in  1727,  and  the  paper  was  regularly    opposition  to  Bradford's  Gazette  for  a 

,,...,,„_.,     ...     connection     with     Samuel  published  till  1736,  when  Parks  went  to   political  purpose,  and  published  by  Zen- 

Relf.     This   was   in   1802.     It   ceased  to  Virginia  to  establish  a  newspaper  there,    ger,   who  was  a   good  printer,   the  im- 

exist  for  a  time  in  1SU4,  but  was  re-cs-  Another  paper  appeared  in  Boston  on    porter     of     the     first     piano-forte     in 

....  — _-    -,-  -    -                               tablished  with  the  same  title,  and   was,  the    27th    of     September,   1731.     It  was    America,  something  of  a  scholar  and  a 

.men'tof'^^T°andI4h'te'neS     and    for  some  tim^  the      Weekly      Rehearsal,      and    famous    editor    in    his    day.      He    came 

pen  upon  the  Pub-    United    States.      Mr.     Relf     then     pur-  started    by   Jeremy    uridley,    "a    young    from    Germany    when    he    was    thirteeii 

chased    his   partner's    interest    and    con-  man   of  tme  Uterary   accomplishments,"    years  of  age,  and  was  an  apprentice  of 

ducted   the   paper   alone.     He   was   con-  who    became    attorney-general    of     the    Bradford's, 

of   April,   1728,  the  pub-    sidered    an    able    writer    in    his    early  Province,  member  of  the  General  Court,       For  three  years  the  Journal  was  in  a 

journalistic  days.     The  paper,  under  his  colonel    of    militia,     president     of     the    state  of  bitter  war  with  the  administra- 

nianagement,  was  called  Relfs  Gazette.  Marine    Society    and    Grand    Master   of    tion   of    Governor   William   Cosby,   and 

There  are  Measures  concerting  for  rendring    In  1824  or '25  Mr.  Relf  died.     Stevenson  Freemasons.      He    died    in    17G7.      The    his      successor.      Lieutenant      Governor 

this  Paper  yet  more  universally  esteemed,  and    Smith    then    became    the   publisher    and  Rehearsal    was    printed    by   "J.    Draper,    George  Clarke.     Zenger,  as  a  politician, 

useful,  in  which  us  '■oi''''  ""  ^"W'*  n'"„ho    editor,    and    the    Gazette    was    the    ad-  for  the    Author,"   as   editors   were   fre-    was  in  the  interest  of  Rip  Van  Dam,  a 

Sf e  to  °be  iraVovM  \n  History^  FhilMop         vocate  of  the  political  principles  of  the  quently   called   in   those   primitive   days,    wealthy  merchant  of  New  York,  and  in 

Poetry,  Sic,  will  be  greatly  advantaged.    We    Jackson  democracy.  It  was  filled  with  Addisonian  essays,  and    virtue  of  his  office  as  president  of  the 

will  lake  the  liberty  at  this  time  to  insert  the        After    this    period    the    establishment  exhibited    large    pretensions    to    literary    Council,  acting  Governor  of  the   Prov- 

foUowing  passage  of    f-iistory.                                                   _             ,i „      ,       .    .^.      .           ,  ,      ;           ,        ,               .                      ■   ■              '                     ....              .      .       .    ^     . 

Then    followed    a    very    ctirious 
quaint  account  of  the  invention  o 

stocking-Iooni.                                                    family    were    again,    though    indirectly,  which  seemed  to  swell  beyond  the  pro-    to  his  successor.    This  led  to  the  forma- 

Quite  a  number  of   essays  were  pub-    interested  in  the  paper.     It  had  now  be-  portions  of   those  of   a  135  years  later,    tion  of  an  opposition  colonial  party.  The 

lished  by  Kneeland,   after   the  style  of    come  the  champion  of  Whig  principles.  The    Rehearsal,    after    two    years    of    Gazette,     under     the     management     of 

the   Tattler,    Spectator   and    Freeholder,    jj  ^^^   ^^  evening  paper.     Willis   Gay-  literary  effort,  became  a  record  of  pass-    William  Bradford,  was  the  Government 

Indeed,    the     style    of     the    newspaper    ^^^.^  Clark,  the  editor,  was  twin  brother  ing   events,    and    was   owned    and   man-    organ. 

writers  of  those  days  imitated  that  of  of  Lewis  Gaylord  Claris,  the  wit,  and  aged  by  Thomas  Fleet.  On  the  21st  of  ot-dford  arrested  for  libel 
Addison,  Steele,  SwUt  and  Bolingbroke.  j^^  many  years  the  genial  editor  of  the  August,  1735,  the  name  was  changed  to  BRADFORD  arrested  for  libel. 
Mather  Byles,  Judge  Danforth,  Cover-  Knickerbocker  Magazine  of  New  York,  that  of  the  Boston  Evening  Post.  Fleet  After  repeated  animadversions  on  the 
nor  Burnet  and  the  Rev.  Thomas  Willis  was  proprietor  of  the  Gazette  to  v/as  the  original  publisher  of  the  famous  authorities  in  the  Journal,  its  editor  was 
Prince,  of  the  Old  South  Church,  were  jj,g  ^^^g  ^f  ].,J5  jeath  in  1841.  On  the  nursery  rhymes  of  Mother  Goose.  The  arrested  on  the  charge  of  libel  on  Sun- 
contributors  to  the  Journal,  it  was  in  g^  ^j  November,  1845,  it  was  merged  Post  was  conducted  with  energy  and  be-  day,  Nov.  17,  1734.  He  was  imprisoned 
1741  united   with  the   Gazette  and  pub-    ^^jfj,  ^j,g  North  American.     It  had  been  came    popular.     If,    as    in    the    case    of    by    the    Government    and   kept    in   con- 


After    this    period    the    establishment  e.xniDiteci    large    pretensions    to    merary  Louncu,  acting  Governor  oi   tne   rrov- 

was   sold   to  Willis    Gaylord    Clark  and  taste  and  culture.     In  one  article  on  the  ince  till  the  arrival  of   Cosby.     In  set- 

^    ^'l'      James  Russell.     Mr.  Clark  bad  married  prevailing  fashions  in  dress  in   1733,  it  tling  Van   Dam's  accounts  one   half  of 

^^            a  niece   of   Samuel   Relf,   and  the   Relf  spoke  of   the  crinolines  of   that  period,  his  salary  as  Governor  had  to  be  paid 


lished    till    1752,    when    it    was    discon-    f^^  some  time  a  branch,   a   sort  of   an    Franklin    and    Bradford,    the    Gove 
tinned. 

Circulating  the  paper  outside  of  the 
city  hmits  was  tnen  anything  but  a 
speedy  or  certain  process.  Mails  were 
mostly  monthly  and  half  monthly  in 
going  from  point  to  point.  Bulk  was  a 
matter  of  importance  in  the  time  of 
post-horses,  and  stage  coaches  and  im- 
perfect roads.  Those  who  live  along 
the  banks  of  the  Hudson,  or  on  the  line 
of  any  railroad  running  out  of  Boston, 
■or  New  York,  or  Chicago,  within  100 
miles  of  these  news  centers,  and  re- 
ceiving at  their  own  doors  their  morn- 
ing city  journals  as  regularly  and  as 
early  as  subscribers  living  in  the  upper 
wards  of  these  cities  receive  their 
papers,  scarcely  realize  the  advantages 
they  enjoy  over  their  ancestors. 

BEN     FRANKLIN    IN     PHILADELPHIA. 

Benjamin  Franklin  now  reappeared  as 
a  journaUst.  In  1728  another  paper  was 
established  in  Philadelphia— the  second 
in  that  city.  It  was  entitled  the  Uni- 
versal   Instructor    in    all    the   Arts    and 

Sciences    and    Pennsylvania    Gazette,    a  ,.,.,,,  „  ,    ,      .      ,. 

title    sufficiently    long    to    satisfy     any    evening    edition   to   that  journal.     I  bus    ment  was    at   all   censured,   by   implica- 
newspaper  subscriber.  closed  the  career  of  Franklin's  Gazette,    tions  even,  the  editor  was  prosecuted. 

This  was  Franklin's  first  really  inde-    after  an  existence  of  117  years.  ^^^^  condemned  by  clergy. 

pendent  attempt  at  the  managemeiit  of         ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^  Chester  creek. 


finement  nearly  nine  months  before  he 
could  obtain  a  trial.  The  arrest  pro- 
duced great  excitement,  and  the  affair 
obtained  widespread  notofiety.  It  was 
the  first  action  for  newspaper  libel  on 
this  continent.  It  created  the  most  in- 
tense interest  in  the  public  mind,  and 
the  result  was,  in  the  opinion  of  Gov- 
einor  Morris,  "the  dawn  of  that 
liberty  which  afterwards  revolutionized 
America."  In  this  view,  as  well  as  in 
the  interest  of  journalism,  we  devote 
some   space  to  this  important  event. 

On  the  6th  of  November  the  Governor 
issued  two  proclamations  on  the  sub- 
ject.    Here  is  one  of  them: 


sh  literatur 


nspired  the 


Whereas,  by  the  Contrivance  of  some  evil 
Disposed  and  Disafected  Persons,  divers  Jour- 
nals or  Printed  News-Papers  (entitled  The  New 
York  Weekly  Journal,  containing  the  freshest 
Advices,  foreign  and  Domesticlc)  have  been 
caused  to  be  Printed  and  Published  by  John 
Peter  Zenger,  in  many  of  which  Journals  or 
Printed  News-Papers  (but  more  particularly 
those  numbered  7,  47,  48,  49),  are  contained 
divers  Scandalous,  Virulent,  False  and  Sedi- 
tions Reflections,  not  only  upon  the  whole 
Legislature,  in  general, 
considerable  Persons  in  i 


a  newspaper  on  his  own  responsibility 

and  it  is  evident,   from   his   opinion   of 

the 

called 

terprise 


most  distinguished 
Stations  in  the  Province,  but  also  upon  his 
Majesty's  lawful  and  rightful  Government,  and 
just  Prerogative.  Which  said  reflections  seemed 
contrived  by  the  Wicked  Authors  of  them,  not 
only  to   create  Jelousies,    Discontents  and  Ani- 

Fleet  had  his  troubles  with  the  clergy,    ?°otle"ol^h!l%'fovfnee°,^o"  Ae"lifbversio''n'!f 
The    old    paper    mill    in    which    the    He  published  John  Wesley's  sennon  on    the    Peace    and    Tranquility    th. 


says ,    -.    ,,  .  - 

asserted   that   Franklin   wrote  but  little        Newspapers  enjoyed  one  or  tvvo  priv- 
for  the  Gazette.     He  dabbled  in  politics    ileges    m    the    days    of    Franklin    that 


On   the   death    of    Tho 


the   Author    or   Autho 
dalous.    Virulent    and    Sedit 
ontained   in   the   said   Jo 
Printed    Newspapers,    to    be    paid    to 
Person    or     Persons    discovering    the 
soon    as    such    Author    shall    be    con 


for  the  Gazette.     He  dabbled  in  pontics  ueges    m    ine    uays    ui    xiauism.     lm..l  ^..    ...v,^.„...    „.    ...„...„.    -....,.    ...■-           . 

and  electricity    and  set  up  printing  of-  would    be    seriously    damaging    to    the  Evening    Post    was    carried    on    by    his  c^„,g^^   ■„  n,„  ^, 

fees   in    other   places    so   that  his   time  Post  Office  Department  if  tolerated  now.  sons,   Thomas  and  John    and  they  con-  vember,    in    the   stl 

was  urettv  well  occi  Pied.     Many  of  the  In  the  Gazette  of  the  28th  of  January,  ttnued   to    publish   ,t   till    177o        t    was  Ke.gn,  Anno  Uomin, 


rr'twerDubHslJed°r?he'^Gafett7an^^           iraC  FrlnkliiT  s"aid ":                      "  stopped  then  in  consequence  of  the  dis-        Qn    the    20th    of    November    Zenger 

?-u  I    ,P.     T^       ir        .L  ,t  th„  ^™-,,lV.,-,       „     ,     .    ,,             r    ,     „         „    r- 1      1  content   growing   out  of   the    attempted    -jvas  brouo-ht  bv  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus, 

trlbuted  to  Frankhn  were,  in  the  opinion        By  the  indulgence  of  the  Honorable  Colonel  „„„.„,:,,'=  „f  tv,  J  „,_.,.  :„   Hio  o^rpat  lo^i      ,     r    ^,       X-    r   T     ,■       „t  1,1,   ,-t,,r,-,Ko,- 

of  Soarks   manifestly  written  by  others.    Spoiswood,    Post-Master-General,    the    printer  neutrality  of  the  paper  in  the  great  agi-    before  the  Chief  Justice  at  his  chamber, 

°  -rul  TA^a!!^:  .ZZ\La    =hove   all    hereof  is  allowed  ,0  send  the  Gazette  ty  the  tation  leading  the  Revolution      Then,  as    „here    the    writ    was    returnable.     The 

post,   postage   free,  to  all   parts   of  the   post-  now,   the   press  were  accused   of  being    argument   of   that   matter    was    ordered 

road,  from  Virginia  to  New  tngiand.  corrupted  and  improperly  influenced  by    jo  be  at  the  City  Hall  on  the  23d.  After 

The  26,000   newspapers  of   1913,   with  money.                                                                a    long   debate  on   that    day,   the   Chief 

^.^  ,    ,    ,, r         1  ;„    .-„„..„,-=     ",r,„    'lieir    millions    of     circulation,    with    a  The  battles  of  Concord  and  Lexington    justice  directed   that  Zenger  should  be 

stituted    themselves    his    censors,      any    ^^.^.^^^^   ,j^^   ^,^^   ^^^^^^   ^^„,j   ^^^^rly  were  fought  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775.    idmitted   to  bail,   and  bound  by  recog- 

ruin  the  Post  Office  Department  of  to-  Without   giving  any   of  the  particulars    ^jzance,  with  two  securities,  in  the  sum 

day.     Only    a   small   part   of   the   news-  of  that  fight,  the  paper  appeared  on  the 

papers  go  through  the  mails  now.  They  24th  of  April  for  the  last  time.     These 

are  sent  as  freight  and  by  newsboys  over  scenes  of  action  were  only  two  or  three 

the    numerous    railroads,    and    delivered  hours'  drive  from  the  printing  office  of 

at  the  different  news  centers  by  express  the  Post  I  The  British  troops  had  re.- 
turned  to  their  barracks  in  Boston  on 
the  20th  of  that  month. 


The  Franklins  appreciated,  above  all 
others,  what  a  newspaper  should  be. 
"My  friends,"  said  Benjamin  Franklin 
to  a  number  of  gentlemen  who  had  cou- 
nted themselves  his  censors,  "any 
one  who  can  subsist  upon  sawdust  pud- 
ding and  water,  as  I  can,  needs  no  man's 
patronage."  This  was  his  code 
franklin  takes   a  partner. 

In  1748,  David  Hall,  a  Scotchman, 
became  Franklin's  partner.  Hall  car- 
ried on  the  establishment  till  his  death  lines  and  news  agents, 
in  1772.  After  Hall  the  concern  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Andrew  Brown,  an 
Irishman,  and  was  called  the  Philadel-  Maryland  next  fell  into  line  with  the 
phia  Gazette.  The  establishment  was  old  name  on  its  title  page.  The  Mary- 
destroyed  by  fire  when  Mr.  Brown  land  Gazette  was  the  first  paper  pub- 
owne 


of  $2,000.    He  was  remanded  to  prison 
in    default    thereof. 


OTHER    early    PAPERS. 


ed  it,  and  nearly  his  whole  family  lished  in  that  State.  William  Parks,  one  fore  the  public.  The  first  number  of  organ, 
shed  in  the  flames.  It  was  after-  of  the  migratory  printers  of  that  cen-  that  paper  was  issued  on  the  5th  of  print 
d  continued  by  a  son  of  Mr.  Brown,    tury,  issued  the  first  number  in  Annap-    November,  li33.     It  was  established  in    flectin 


EDITED   PAPER   IN    PRISON, 

The  Journal  continued  to  be  pub- 
lished, and  Zenger  to  write  for  it,  in 
spite  of  his  imprisonment.  Indeed,  the 
event  made  that  paper  the  most  popular 

ju.i.i    i  ^i^i     ^^.,5^., of  the  two  then  printed  in   New  York 

York  Weekly  Journal,  next  appeared  be-    Bradford,    as    publisher    of    the    official 

—       -  •  '  the   Gazette,    was    compelled   to 

articles    and    communications    re- 

ing   on   his   rival   in   business;   but 


ZENGER'S    WEEKLY   JOURNAL. 

John    Peter    Zenger,    with    the    New 


32 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


Zenger  manfully  met  his  opponents,  giv- 
ing blow  for  blow,  and  a  little  more. 

fhe  Journal  was  a  small-sized  sheet 
and  printed  on  much  worn  Pica  type. 
Sometimes  one,  and  sometimes  two  or 
three  advertisements  would  appear  in 
this  famous  paper. 

Zenger  continued  to  publish  the  Jour- 
nal till  his  death  in  1746.  His  widow 
then  managed  the  paper  for  a  time.  It 
afterward  passed  into  the  hands  of  his 
son,  John  Zenger,  who  conducted  it  till 
1752. 

Meanwhile  the  Gazette  remained  the 
official  organ  of  the  Government  of 
New  York.  Occasionally  Bradford  felt 
constrained  to  vindicate  ihimself  and  his 
paper  to  the  people. 

These  two  newspapers  are  thus  made 
prominent  because  in  history  they  occupy 
an  important  niche,  and  because  tlie 
policy  adopted  by  Zenger,  like  that  of 
Franklin,  and  Fleet,  and  Thomas  and 
Edes,  was  "the  dawn"  not  only  "of  that 
liberty  which  afterward  revolutionized 
America,"  but  of  the  independence  of 
the  press,  which  we  now  see  so  splen- 
didly illustrated  and  exemplified  in  so 
many  of  the  leading  newspapers  of  the 
present  day. 

JAMES    PARKER    SUCCEEDS     BR,\I>FORD, 

The  Gazette  was  carried  on  by  Brad- 
ford till  1742.  In  January,  1743,  the 
name  was  changed  to  New  York  Ga- 
zette or  Weekly  Post-Boy,  and  pub- 
lished by  James  Parker.  The  Post-Boy 
was  a  new  paper,  and  only  connected 
with  the  Gazette  for  the  use  of  its 
name,  and  by  the  purchase  of  the  ma- 
terial of  that  office.  In  proof  of  this, 
the  name  of  the  paper  was  changed  in 
January,  1747,  to  that  of  the  New  York 
Gazette,  Revived  in  the  Weekly  Post- 
Boy. 

As  this  occurred  several  years  prior 
to  the  death  of  Bradford,  it  was  un- 
doubtedly done  by  arrangement  with 
him.  There  were  only  two  printing  of- 
fices in  New  York  at  that  time,  accord- 
ing to  Professor  Kalm,  who  described 
the  city  in  a  letter  written  in  1748. 
'There  are  two  printers  in  the  town,' 
said  Kalm,  'and  every  week  some  ga- 
zettes, in  English,  are  published,  which 
contain  news  from  all  parts  of  the 
world.' 

"The  Post-Boy,"  according  to  Hud- 
son, "had  the  support  of  what  was  called 
the  opposition  party.  It  became  involved 
in  a  difficulty  with  the  Episcopal  Church, 
which  it  severely  attacked.  It  died 
shortly  afterward.  Its  proprietor  was  a 
partner  of  Franklin's,  who  had  spread 
himself  over  the  colonies  with  his  type 
and  presses.  One  printing  office  was 
started  in  South  Carolina,  others  in  dif- 
ferent provinces  and  that  of  James 
Parker  in  New  York." 
THE  RHODE  ISLAND  GAZETTE. 

On  the  27th  of  iSeptember,  1732,  the 
Rhode  Island  Gazette  was  issued  in 
Newport,  the  first  in  that  State.  It  was 
printed  on  a  half-sheet  of  cap  paper,  by 
James  Franklin.  After  his  failure  in 
Boston,  in  consequence  of  the  persecu- 
tions of  the  authorities,  he  thought,  as 
Roger  Williams  did,  that  he  would  leave 
the  original  Puritans  and  try  the 
atmosphere  and  people  of  Rhode  Island 
for  more  freedom  of  mind  and  con- 
science; but  he  was  soon  discouraged, 
partly  from  ill-health,  for  only  twelve 
numbers  are  known  to  have  been  pub- 
lished. The  Gazette  did  not  survive 
three  months,  and  Franklin  died  in  1735. 

The  Gazette  contained  no  advertise- 
ments. There  were  no  opera  houses, 
theaters,  steamship  lines  and  there  was 
very  little  local  news.  Newport  was 
not  a  fashionable  watering  place,  as  it 
is  in  this  fast  and  elegant  age.  It 
promised  then  to  be  the  commercial 
emporium  of  the  Western  World.  It 
could  boast  of  its  foreign  commerce,  and 
bid  fair  to  be  more  than  a  rival  to  New 
York,  in  consequence  of  possessing  one 
of  the  finest  harbors  on  the  North  At- 
lantic coast.  There  was  no  idea  then 
of  simply  being  wealthy  in  magnificent 
summer  residences  and  having  its  splen- 
did bay  merely  the  summer  rendezvous 
of  the  New  York  yacht  squadron. 
THE  SOUTHERN  PRESS. 
On  the  8th  of  January,  1731,  the  South 


Carolina  Gazette  was  published  in 
Charleston  by  Thomas  Whitemarsh.  It 
was  printed  on  a  half  sheet  for  about  a 
year,  and  died  with  its  proprietor.  In 
February,  1734,  it  reappeared  in  name, 
and  was  published  for  several  years  by 
Lewis  Timothy. 

The  first  paper  in  Virginia  made  its 
debut  in  Willamsburg  in  1736 — a  rare 
old  town,  the  society  of  which  has  been 
graphically  described  by  Wirt  in  his 
Life  of  Patrick  Henry.  This  news- 
paper was  the  Virginia  Gazette,  and 
printed  by  William  Parks,  sometimes  on 


other  paper  appeared  in  the  colonies. 
Then  William  Bradford,  grandson  of 
the  one  who  printed  the  Gazette  in 
New  Y'ork,  issued  the  Pennsylvania 
Journal  and  Weekly  Advertiser  in  1742. 
Bradford  was  father  of  Wilham  Brad- 
ford, who  was  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States  in  1794-5.  This  Bradford 
family,  like  the  Franklins,  had  news- 
paper on  the  brain,  as  much  so  as  De 
Foe  had  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  cen- 
tury in  Scotland. 

■fhe  Journal  was  established  at  an  im- 
portant   era    in    American    journalism — 


A   GBOVF   OP  PAMOUS   PBENCH   WBITERS. 


half  a  sheet  of  foolscap,  and  sometimes 
on  a  whole  sheet  It  was  continued  till 
Park's  death,  in  1750,  and  during  that 
time  was  under  the  influence  of  the 
Governor.  After  the  death  of  Parks 
the  Gazette  was  revived  under  new 
auspices,  and  issued  in  February,  1751, 
as  the  Virginia  uazette,  with  the  fresh- 
est advices,  Foreign  and  Domestic.  The 
new  paper  was  printed  on  a  crown  sheet, 
and  had  a  cut  of  the  arms  of  Virginia 
incorporated  with  the  title.  It  bore  this 
imprint : 

Williamsburg:  Printed  by  Wm.  Hunter,  at 
the  Post  Office,  by  whom  persons  may  be  sup- 
plied with  this  paper.  Advertisements  oi  a 
moderate  length  for  Three  shillings  for  the 
first  week,  and  Two  shillings  each  week  after. 

With  Hunter's  death  in  1761  the  Ga- 
zette was  enlarged,  and  published  by 
Joseph  Royle.  On  his  demise  it  was 
conducted  by  Purdie  and  Dixon  till  the 
Revolution.  It  was  managed  by  Purdie 
during  the  war. 
NOTABLE  NEWSPAPER  FAMILIES. 

Nearly   ten   years   elapsed   before   an- 


shortly  before  the  passage  of  the 
famous  Stamp  Act.  It  was  devoted  to 
the  interests  of  the  colonies,  and  was  a 
strong  advocate  of  freedom  from  Eng- 
land. On  the  31st  of  October,  the  day 
before  the  Stamp  Act  was  to  take  ef- 
fect, the  pages  of  the  Journal  were  in- 
closed in  black  lines,  with  a  picture  of 
a  skull  and  cross-bones  over  the  title, 
and  with  these  words  printed  beneath : 
"Expiring:  In  Hopes  of  a  Resurrec- 
tion to  Life  Again."  On  the  border  of 
the  first  page  was  printed,  "Adieu, 
Adieu,  to  the  Liberty  of  the  Press." 
On  the  last  column  of  the  third  page 
were  the  words,  "Farewell,  Liberty." 
THE  MARYLAND  GAZETTE. 

Another  family  of  printers  made  their 
mark  in  the  ranks  of  journalism  during 
this  interesting  epoch.  One  of  the 
Greens,  famous  in  New  England  as  far 
back  in  the  annals  of  time  as  1649,  re- 
vived the  Maryland  Gazette,  the  origi- 
nal of  which  closed  its  career  under 
Parks  in  1736.    It  was  revived  in  1745 

33 


under  the  proprietorship  of  Jonas 
Green,  who  had,  for  many  years  pre- 
viously, a  printing  office  in  Annapolis. 
The  Gazette,  thus  re-established,  con- 
tinued with  the  exception  of  a  brief  sus- 
pension in  1765,  in  consequence  of  the 
odious  Stamp  Act,  under  the  same 
name,  and  was  published  weekly  by  Mr. 
Green  and  his  descendants  until  the 
year  1839,  nearly  a  century,  when,  while 
in  the  hands  of  Jonas  Green,  the  great- 
grandson  of  the  original  proprietor,  it 
was  discontinued,  and  the  St.  Mary's 
Gazette  took  its  place.  Any  one  can 
see  a  copy  of  this  century  newspaper  in 
the  Maryland  State  Library.  Its  origi- 
nal shape  was  quarto. 

The  Gazette  was  printed  on  the  same 
press  throughout  its  long  Ccireer.  On 
October  30,  18-18,  the  St.  Mary's  Ga- 
zette said: 

But  few  of  our  readers  are  aware,  -we  expect, 
that    the   press   upon   which    our  little   sheet    is 

printed,  is  the  oldest  now  in  use  in  the  United 
States,  and  probably  in  the  world.  Yet  such 
is  the  fact.  The  press  now  used  by  us  has 
been  in  almost  constant  service  for  more  than 
a  hundred  years.  Upon  it  was  printed  tiie 
Maryland  Gazette,  the  earliest  paper  published 
in  the  province  of  Maryland,  and  one  among 
the  very  first  in  America.  Upon  it  also  was 
printed  the  first  volume  of  the  laws  of  Mary- 
land that  ever  appeared.  It  is  constructed 
somewhat  on  the  Ramage  principle,  and  re- 
quires three  pulls,  though  two  were  originally 
sufficient  to  produce  a  good  impression.  It  is 
truly  a   venerable   object. 

THE  NEW  YORK  EVENING  POST. 

The  next  in  order  of  time,  and  the 
last  in  this  epoch,  was  the  New  York 
Evening  Post.  Henry  de  Forrest  is- 
sued the  initial  number  in  1746.  This 
paper  lived  about  a  year  only. 

Two  newspapers,  printed  in  German, 
appeared  in  Pennsylvania  during  this 
period.  One  was  published  by  Sower, 
in  Germantown,  in  1789,  and  the  other 
by  Ambruster,  in  Philadelphia,  in  1743. 
Ihe  German  newspaper  literature  of  the 
country  has  since  increased  to  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-two  superior  journals 
printed  in  that  language,  some  of  which 
have  daily  circulations,  like  the  Staats 
Zeitung,  of  New  York.  They  are  now 
a  political  and  literary  power  in  the 
United  States. 

This  closes  the  colonial  period  of 
newspapers.  They  were  imperfect  and 
incomplete  from  a  journalistic,  as  the 
colonies  were  from  a  national  point  of 
view.  Only  here  and  there,  as  in  the 
case  of  Franklin  and  Fleet  in  Boston, 
of  <the  Bradfords  in  Philadelphia,  and 
Zenger  in  New  York,  did  they  exhibit 
any  force  or  vitality,  and  in  these  few 
instances  the  sparks  were  nearly  smoth- 
ered in  persecutions  and  imprisonment. 
But,  happily,  these  sparks  were  only 
smoldering.  They  brightened  up  in 
the  next  epoch,  and  kindled  the  revo- 
lutionary fire  of  1776,  which  made  this 
a  great  nation  of  popular  sovereignty 
and  popular  rights. 

THE  REVOLUTIONARY  PRESS. 

Revolution !  1748  opened  the  cam- 
paign for  1776.  The  Revolutionary 
press  dawned  upon  the  colonies.  This 
was  an  important  era  in  journalism  and 
liberalism  everywhere.  Newspapers 
had  been  in  existence  for  less  than  half 
a  century.  They  were  few  in  number. 
They  were  published  in  Boston,  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  Annapolis,  Wil- 
liamsburg, Va.,  and  Charleston,  S.  C. 
Nowhere  else  on  this  continent  had  a 
newspaper  appeared. 

These  news  centers  had  now  become 
the  revolutionary  centers  of  America. 
The  arbitrary  acts  of  the  agents  of  the 
home  government,  the  Stamp  Act,  the 
persecutions  of  the  Franklins  and  the 
Zengers  began  to  re-act  upon  the  peo- 
ple. The  vigorous  growth  of  a  spirit 
of  independence  among  the  colonists 
began  to  develop  itself  in  clubs  and  in 
newspaper  offices.  Sons  of  Liberty  were 
active  in  Boston,  New  York  and  else- 
where. Men  of  brains  became  constant 
and  fearless  contributors  to  the  press, 
and  the  result — the  gun  of  Concord, 
"which  was  heard  around  the  world" — 
was  to  startle  the  crowned  heads  of 
Europe. 

Samuel  Adams,  of  whom  Napoleon 
borrowed  tlie  epithet  he  applied  to  Eng- 
land as  a  "nation  of  shopkeepers,"  es- 
tablished the  Independent  Advertiser  in 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


17-18.  He  was  assisted  by  a  club  of  ar- 
dent young  rebels.  It  was  full  of  free 
thought  and  free  speech.  The  first  num- 
ber was  printed  on  January  4  by  Rog- 
ers and  Fowle.  Among  its  contribu- 
tors was  Jonathan  Mayhew,  the  founder 
of  Unitarianism  in  America. 

This  pioneer  of  the  revolutionary 
press  was  managed  with  great  skill  and 
good  sense  for  several  years. 

Sandwiched  between  the  Advertiser 
and  the  next  newspaper  enterprise  in 
New  England  was  the  New  York  Mer- 
cury, the  publication  of  which  was 
commenced  by  Hugh  Gaine  on  Aug- 
ust 3,  1752.  With  a  short  intermis- 
sion it  was  continued  in  existence  for 
thirty-one  years,  having  been  published 
till  after  the  Revolution.  After  John 
Holt  revived  the  Journal  in  1767  Gaine 
added  the  name  of  Gazette  to  his  paper, 
and  it  was  called  Gaine's  New  York  Ga- 
zette and  Mercury  from  that  time. 

THE   ENTERPRISE  OF   HUGH   GAINE. 

Hugh  Gaine  was  an  Irishman  and  an 
industrious  journalist.  He  not  only  col- 
lected his  own  news  and  set  up  his  own 
'types,  but  he  did  his  own  presswork, 
folded  his  own  papers,  and  ddivered 
them  to  his  subscribers.  No  man  coulJ 
now  accomplish  so  much. 

Symptoms  of  the  approaching  pohti- 
cal  storm  now  began  to  show  them- 
selves more  distinctly  on  the  horizon. 
Thought  and  speech  in  coffee-houses 
and  club-rooms  became  more  free.  Otis, 
the  Adamses,  Mayhews,  Warrens  and 
Quincys  were  bolder  and  stronger.  But 
talk  and  pamphlets  were  not  sufficient 
for  the  public  mind.  Something  better 
was  needed.  On  April  7,  1755,  there- 
fore, the  real  organ  of  the  Revolution- 
ary party,  which  brought  about  the 
great  conflict  of  177G,  made  its  appear- 
ance. On  that  day  the  Boston  Gazette 
and  Country  Gentleman  was  established 
by  Edes  and  Gill.  The  Connecticut 
Gazette  was  started  in  New  Haven  on 
January  1  of  that  year,  by  James 
Parker,  of  New  York,  and  John  Holt, 
who  migrated  from  Virginia,  but  the 
great  organ  of  the  Revolutionary  party 
at  that  time  was  the  Boston  Gazette. 

ORGAN    OF    SON.'^    OF    LIBERTY. 

It  was  printed  on  two  pages  folio,  on 
a  crown  half  sheet.  On  its  first  ap- 
pearance its  title-page  was  decorated 
with  two  cuts — one  representing  an 
Indian  with  bow  and  arrow  ready  for 
instant  use,  evidently  scouting;  the 
other  represented  Britannia  liberating  a 
bird  confined  by  a  cord  to  the  arms  of 
France. 

All  the  writers  for  the  Independent 
Advertiser,  with  Samuel  Adams  at  the 
head,  became  the  brains  of  the  Ga- 
zette. Indicative  of  the  progress  of 
events,  the  Gazette  appeared  in  1760 
with  a  new  device.  This  struck  out 
Britannia,  and,  instead,  represented 
Minerva  holding  a  spear  surmounted 
with  the  cap  of  Liberty  in  her  left  hand, 
seated  at  a  pedestal  on  which  was  a 
cage.  With  her  right  hand  she  opens 
the  cage  and  liberates  the  bird,  which  is 
depicted  as  flying  towards  a  tree — the 
Tree  of  Liberty.  This  was  ten  years 
before  the  Boston  Massacre,  and  fifteen 
years  before  the  fight  at  Concord.  The 
office  of  the  Gazette  was  the  resort  of 
the  leading  spirits  of  that  day. 

The  Stamp  Act,  the  Boston  Massacre, 
the  Tea  Tax,  the  closing  of  the  port  of 
Boston,  the  conduct  of  the  British  sol- 
diers were  the  grievances  which  fur- 
nished the  material  for  these  brilliant 
writers  to  arouse  the  indignation  of  the 
colonists,  and  make  rebels,  patriots  and 
freemen  of  them  all.  The  most  faith- 
ful description  of  the  massacre  in  King 
street,  Boston,  on  March  5,  1770,  was 
given  in  the  Gazette.  The  first  anni- 
versary of  this  massacre  and  outrage 
was  observed  in  Boston  in  1771,  with 
great  solemnity.  It  is  thus  described  in 
the  Gazette,  which  gives  the  reader  a 
fair  idea  of  the  local  reporting  at  that 
time: 

Tuesday  last  was  the  Anniversary  of  the 
never-to-be-forgotten  Fifth  of  Marcli,  1770. 
when  Messieurs  Gray,  Mavericlt,  Caldwell, 
Car  and  Attucks  -ivere  inhumanly  murdered  by 
a  Party  of  Soldiers  of  the  XXlXth  ReRiment 
in  King  Street:  The  Bells  of  the  several  Con- 
gregational   Meeting-Houses    were    tolled    from 


.\II  o'clock  at  Noon  till  1:  In  the  Evening 
tlicre  was  a  very  striking  Exhibition  at  the 
Dwelling  House  of  Mr.  PAUL  REVERE, 
fronting  the  Old  North  Square;  at  one  ol 
the  Chamber-Windows  w-as  the  appearance  of 
the  Ghost  of  the  unfortunate  young  Seider, 
with  one  of  his  fingers  in  the  wound,  endeav- 
oring to  stop  the  Blood  issuing  therefrom; 
Near  him  his  Friends  weeping;  And  at  a 
small  distance  a  monumental  Obelisk,  with 
his  bust  in  Front;  On  the  Front  of  the 
Pedestal  were  the  Names  of  those  killed  on 
the  Fifth  of  March:  Underneath  the  following 
Lines, 

Seider's  pale  Ghost  fresh  bleeding  stands. 
And  Vengeance  for  his  Death  demands. 
In  the  next  Window  were  represented  the 
Soldiers  drawn  up,  firing  at  the  people  as- 
sembled before  them— the  Dead  on  the  Ground 
—and  the  Wounded  falling,  with  the  Blood 
running  in  Streams  from  their  Wounds;  over 
which  was  wrote  Foul  Play.  In  the  third 
Window  was  the  figure  of  a  Woman,  repre- 
senting AMERICA,  sitting  on  the  Stump  of 
a  Tree,  with  a  Staff  in  her  Hand  and  the  Cap 
of    Liberty    on    the    Top   thereof— one    Foot    on 


On  the  37th  of  May,  1768,  it  was  re- 
vived, and  continued  in  existence  till 
after  the  commencement  of  the  war. 

OLDEST    OF    EXISTING    PAPERS. 

The  imprisonment  of  Daniel  Fowle, 
in  Boston,  as  the  publisher  ot  the  In- 
dependent Advertiser,  having  disgusted 
him  with  the  authorities  of  that  prov- 
ince, he  migrated,  with  printing  material, 
to  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  where  he  estab- 
lished the  New  Hampshire  Gazette  in 
1756.  The  Gazette  is  now  the  oldest 
paper  in  the  Union  which  has  been  con- 
tinued without  interruption  of  issue  or 
change  of  name.  It  has  often  had  a 
second  title,  but  never  gave  up  the  first. 
Number  one  was  called  "The  New 
Hampshire  Gazette  and  Historical 
Chronicle,   containing  the  Freshest  Ad- 


The  first  reporte 


THE   AirCIEITT    WAV   OF   SEFOUTINQ. 

r  was  a  fleet-footed  herald,  who  gathered  the 
and  was  capahle  of  telling:  it  ii 


the  Head  of  a  Grenadier  lying  prostrate  grasp- 
ing a  Serpent — Her  Finger  pointing  to  the 
Tragedy. 

The  whole  was  so  well  executed  that  the 
Spectators,  which  amounted  to  many  Thou- 
sands, were  struck  with  solemn  Silence,  and 
their  Countenances  covered  with  a  melan- 
choly Gloom.  At  nine  o'clock  the  Bells  tolled 
a  doleful  Peal,  until  Ten,  when  the  Exhibition 
was  withdrawn,  and  the  People  retired  to 
their    respective    habitations. 

But  the  vigor  of  the  paper  began  to 
fall  off.  Occasionally  the  columns  of 
the  Gazette  would  flare  up,  like  the 
aurora  borealis,  with  a  brilliant  article, 
but  the  persistent  energy  of  its  early 
days,  which  did  so  much  for  the  coun- 
try, were  dying  out  in  the  midst  of  the 
more  active  scenes  in  Congress  and  on 
the  field.  It  continued  to  give  the  news, 
faithful  accounts  of  the  stirring  and  im- 
portant events  of  that  great  epoch  in 
the  history  of  the  world.  But  the  close 
of  the  life  of  the  Gazette  belongs  to 
the  next  period  of  journalism,  and  we 
will  leave  it  till  then. 

JOURNALISM    IN     NORTH    CAROLINA. 

The  North  Carolina  Gazette,  which 
was  issued  in  Newbern  in  Deceiuber, 
1755,  was  the  next  newspaper  published 
in  the  colonies,  and  the  first  in  the  Old 
North  State.  It  was  printed  about  six 
years  and  then  discontinued  for  a  time. 


ntly. 

vices.  Foreign  and  Domestic."  Among 
the  material  carried  to  Portsmouth  by 
Mr.  F'owle  was  a  set  of  wood  or  metal 
cuts  belonging  to  Aesop's  Fables.  One 
of  these,  the  Crovv  and  the  Fox,  adorned 
the  head  of  his  paper.  For  thirty  years 
he  published  the  Gazette.  In  1785  it 
passed  into  the  hands  of  Melcher  and 
Osborn.    Mr.  Fowle  died  in  1787. 

On  the  22d  of  August,  1757,  the  Bos- 
ton Weekly  Advertiser  appeared  from 
the  office  of  Green  &  Russell.  After 
the  second  year  its  name  was  change' 
to  Green  &  Russell's  Post-Boy  and  Ad- 
vertiser. Subsequently  it  was  again  al- 
tered, and  it  appeared  as  the  Massachu- 
setts Gazette  and  Post-Boy  and  Adver- 
tiser. In  1768  it  was  united  with  the 
News-Letter,  but  was  disunited  in  1769. 
In  1773  it  was  published  by  Mills  & 
Hicks,  and  continued  by  them  till  177." 
when  the  war  commenced.  It  soon  after 
ceased  to  exist.  It  had  several  good 
writers  on  its  staff  of  contributors,  and 
an  excellent  advertising  patronage  for 
that  period. 

SOUTH  Carolina's  third  paper. 

South  Carolina  could  now  boast  of 
its  third  newspaper.  It  was  published 
in  Charleston  by  Robert  Wells  in  1758, 


and  was  called  the  South  Carolina  and 
American  General  Gazette. 

On  the  r2th  of  June,  1758,  James 
Franklin,  son  of  James  Franklin  who 
printed  the  Courant  in  Boston  in  1721, 
and  the  Gazette  in  Newpor":  in  1732. 
more  successful  than  his  father,  estab- 
lished a  newspaper,  which,  with  the  New 
Hampshire  Gazette,  should  have  Esto 
perpetua  for  their  motto.  In  that  year 
be  issued  the  Newport  (R.  I.)  Mercury, 
which  is  still  in  existence. 

It  was  a  seven  by  nine  sheet,  with  a 
wood-cut  representing  Mercury  flying 
over  a  ship  and  fort.  With  this  device 
was  the  title  of  the  paper,  Newport  Mer- 
cury, or  Weekly  Advertiser. 

franklin's    press    in    BOSTON. 

The  press  on  which  the  elder  James 
Franklin  and  his  brother,  Benjamin 
Franklin,  so  often  worked  in  Boston, 
remained  in  the  Mercury  office  over  one 
hundred  years.  In  1859  it  was  sold  to 
John  B.  Murray,  Esq.,  he  agreeing  to 
place  it  in  the  patent  office  at  Wash- 
ington, or  some  equally  public  and  safe 
place,  the  desire  being  to  insure  its  pres- 
ervation for  future  generations  as  the 
first  press  on  which  Benjamin  Franklin 
worked.  Mr.  Murray  decided  in  186-1  to 
present  it  to  the  Massachusetts  Char- 
itable Mechanics'  Association  on  the  one 
hundred  and  fifty-eighth  anniversary  of 
the  birthday  of  Franklin.  The  press 
will  be  recognized  as  the  original  of 
the  pront  panel  of  the  Franklin  statue 
in  front  of  the  City  HalL  in  School 
street,  Boston. 

The  New  London  Summary  was  added 
to  the  list  of  newspapers  on  the  8th  of 
.\ugust,  17.jS.  Timothy  Green  was  its 
publisher  till  1763,  when  both  paper  and 
printer  died. 

The  only  newspaper  printed  in  Dela- 
ware during  this  epoch  was  the  Wil- 
mington Courant,  which  was  ptiblished 
for  about  six  months  in  1761  by  James 
Adams,  who  introduced  printing  in  that 
State. 

The  third  paper  in  Rhode  Island  was 
published  in  Providence  in  1762,  and 
was  named  the  Providence  Gazette  and 
Country  Journal. 

Away  down  South  the  next  journalis- 
tic enterprise  appeared.  James  Johns- 
ton, a  native  of  Scotland,  began  the 
publication  of  the  Georgia  Gazette  in 
Savannah  on  the  17th  of  April,  1763. 
It  was  published  by  Johnston  for  twenty- 
seven  years,  and  was  the  only  newspaper 
■in  that  State  before  the  Revolution. 

On  the  death  of  the  Summary  the 
New  London  Gazette  made  its  appear- 
ance. It  was  issued  on  the  1st  of  No- 
vember, 1763.  Its  name  was  changed  in 
1773  to  that  of  the  Connecticut  Gazette, 
and  is  the  oldest  paper  in  that  State. 

SPREAD    OF    revolutionary     SPIRIT. 

On  the  2nth  of  October,  1764,  a  speci- 
men number  of  the  Connecticut  Courant 
was  published  by  Thomas  Green  "at 
the  Heart  and  Crown,  near  the  North 
Meeting  House,"  in  Hartford.  The  first 
regular  issue  of  the  paper,  which  has 
continued  without  interruption  or  change 
of  name  to  the  present  time,  was  on 
the  19th  of  November,  176-t. 

On  the  25th  of  April,  1768,  Ebenezer 
Watson  became  a  partner  in  the  con- 
cern, and  its  sole  publisher  in  Decem- 
ber, 1770.  On  the  2d  of  March,  1770, 
Hudson  and  Goodwin  were  the  pub- 
lishers, Mr.  Watson  having  died.  Bar- 
zillai  Hudson  married  the  widow  Wat- 
son and  assumed  her  interest.  Various 
ch'anges  have  occurred  since  the  first 
issue  of  the  paper  in  the  condition  of 
the  country  and  the  press.  In  running 
over  the  early  files  of  a  century  news- 
paper one  can  trace  the  growth  of  that 
sentiment  which  led  to  such  great  re- 
sults on  this  continent. 

NEED  OF   PAPER  RAGS. 

The  proprietors  of  the  CouTant  dur- 
ing the  War  of  Independence  erected  a 
■paper  mill  in  Hartford,  and  made  the 
paper  on  which  they  printed,  and  numer- 
ous appeals  and  entreaties  are  to  be 
seen  in  the  files  of  the  paper  to  the 
people  to  save  every  scrap  of  rags  or 
other  material  that  could  be  converted 
into  paper  and  take  it  to  the  Courant 
paper  mill.     The  want  of  rags  was  the 


34 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER   AND    JOURNALIST 


.great  desideratum  of  the  early  pub- 
lishers of  newspapers. 

Ten  j'ears  later,  when  the  war  was  in 
full  force,  the  issue  of  newspapers  was 
very  irregular  in  consequence  of  tlie 
scarcity  of  paper. 

Every  effort  was  made  to  secure  stock 
for  the  mills,  and  the  publisher  of  the 
Massachusetts  Spy  of  the  16th  of 
November,  1780,  appealed  to  the  women 
of    the   nation  in  these  words: 

CASH  IS  GIVEN  FOR  LINEN  AND  COTTON 
AND  LINEN  Rk\GS  AT  THE 
PRINTING  OFFICE. 
It  is  earnestly  requested  that  the  fair 
Daughters  of  Liberty  in  this  extensive  country 
would  not  neglect  to  serve  their  country,  by 
saving  for  the  Paper-Mill  all  Linen  and  Cot- 
ton and  Linen  Rags,  be  they  ever  so  small, 
as  they  are  equally  good  for  the  purpose  of 
making  paper,  as  those  that  are  larger.  A  bag 
hung  up  in  one  corner  of  a  room,  would  be 
the  means  of  saving  many  which  would  be 
otherwise  lost.  If  the  Ladies  should  not  make 
a  fortune  by  this  piece  of  economy  they  will 
at  least  have  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  they 
are  doing  an  essential  service  to  the  commu- 
nity, which  witli  Ten  Shillings  per  pound,  the 
i)rice  now  given  for  clean  white  rags,  they 
must  be  sensible  will  be  a  sufficent  reward. 

About  the  time  the  Courant  was 
started  in  Hartford,  Andrew  Stewart, 
wlio  had  opened  a  printing  office  in  Wil- 
mington, i\.  C,  issued  a  newspaper  in 
that  place.  He  named  it  the  Cape  Fear 
Gazette  and  Wilmington  Advertiser.  It 
was  first  issued  in  ITUS,  and  lived  till 
1767. 

The  second  newspaper  of  New  Hamp- 
shire made  its  debut  in  Portsmouth, 
which  was  the  important  commercial 
center  of  that  State,  a  thrifty  little  place 
with  a  history  attached  to  it.  The  new 
aspirant  for  journalistic  honors  was 
entitled  the  Portsmouth  Mercury  and 
Weekly  .Advertiser.  It  was  born  in 
176.5  and  died  in  1768. 

THE  MARYLAND  GAZETTE. 

The  Maryland  Gazette,  started  in  the 
last  epoch,  now  loomed  up  imder  the  in- 
spiration of  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carroll- 
ton.  In  March,  1765,  the  famous  Stamp 
Act  was  passed  in  Parliament,  by  which 
all  instruments  in  writing  were  to  be 
executed  on  stamped  paper,  to  be  pur- 
chased of  the  agents  of  the  English 
Government,  and  all  offenses  against  the 
act  were  to  be  tried  in  any  royal  marine 
or  admiralty  court  jn  any  part  of  tne 
colonies,  no  matter  how  distant  from 
the  place  of  offense,  thus  interfering 
with  the  right  of  trial  by  jury. 

On  the  29th  of  May,  of  that  year, 
when  Washington  occupied  a  seat  in  the 
House  of  Burgesses  of  Virginia,  Patrick 
Henry  rose  and  introduced  his  cele- 
brated resolutions  declaring  that  the 
General  Assembly  of  that  State  had  the 
exclusive  right  and  power  to  lay  taxes 
and  impositions  upon  the  inhabitants 
thereof,  and  whoever  maintained  the 
contraqy  was  an  enemy  to  the  colony. 
On  the  speaker's  objecting  to  them  as  in- 
flammatory, Henr3'  vindicated  them  in  a 
clear  exposition  of  colonial  rights,  and 
how  they  had  been  assailed,  closing  with 
that  brilliant  flight  which  startled  the 
House  and  was  heard  throughout  the 
colonies:  "Caesar  had  his  Brutus; 
Charles  his  Cromwell,  and  George  the 
Third —  (Treason!  Treason!  from  the 
neighborhood  of  the  chair)  may  profit 
by  their  examples.  Sir,  if  this  be 
treason  (bowing  to  the  speaker),  make 
the  most  of  it!" 

henry's    RESOLUTION    ADOPTED. 

.'-Vfter  some  slight  modifications  to 
meet  the  objections  of  the  speaker,  the 
resolutions  were  adopted.  Fauquier, 
the  Governor,  alarmed  and  indignant, 
dissolved  the  Assembly,  but  it  was  too 
late.  The  resolutions  appeared  in  full 
in  the  next  number  of  the  Maryland 
Gazette,  accompanied  with  an ,  article 
strongly   approving  them, 

CHAS.   CARROLL  AS   A    JOURNALIST, 

Charles  Carroll  was  then  one  of  the 
writers  for  the  Gazette,  and  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  of  Maryland.  Edu- 
cated at  St.  Omer  and  Bourges,  he  re- 
turned home  at  this  critical  period  in 
our  history,  and,  with  no  very  strong 
attachment  for  England,  he  indorsed 
these  resolutions  with  his  signature  and 
had  them  published.  Thence  they  run 
through  the  colonies.  They  were  printed 


in  Benjamin  Franklin's  Pennsylvania 
Gazette;  then  in  the  Newport  Mercury, 
which  number  was  instantly  suppressed 
as  a  traitorous  publication ;  then  the 
South  Carolina  Gazette,  the  American 
General  Gazette,  and  the  Gazette  and 
Country  Journal,  all  printed  in  Charles- 
ton,   published    them. 

When  they  appeared  in  Massachusetts, 
the  Sons  of  Liberty  took  them  up  and 
indorsed  them ;  and  the  comments  of 
John  Adams,  which  were  published  in 
the  Boston  Gazette,  were  afterward 
printed  in  pamphlet  form  in  London. 
Efforts  were  made,  without  success,  to 
have  it  suppressed  by  act  of  Parlia- 
ment, on  the  plea  that  the  language  was 
traitorous    and    seditious.     The    Stamp 


J£AN    FATTIi    MASAT, 

Established      a     "People's     Paper"      in 
France,  in  176S. 

.-\.ct  was  repealed,  but  the  revolutionary 
ball  was  opened.  All  this  was  accom- 
plished by  the  few  newspapers  then  in 
existence,  and  in  the  hands  of  bold  and 
patriotic  men. 

The  Gazette  and  Country  Journal 
was  established  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  by 
Charles  Crouch,  in  1765,  in  special  op- 
position to  the  Stamp  Act.  It  was  his 
widow,  Mary  Crouch,  who,  twenty  years 
later,  moved  to  Salem  and  started  one 
of  the  Gazettes  there  with  the  type  used 
by  her  husband  in  Charleston. 
THE  CONSTITUTIONAL  COURANT 

There  was  published  in  New  Jersey, 
in  1765,  on  Saturday  the  21st  of  Septem- 
ber, a  paper  under  the  title  of  The  Con- 
stitutional Courant.  It  was  printed  in 
Burlington  "vy  Andrew  Marvel,  at  ^he 
sign  of  the  Bribe  refused,  on  Con- 
stitution Hill,  North  America."  The 
real  printer,  however,  was  William  God- 
dard,  who  afterward  published  the 
Pennsylvania  Chronicle  and  Universal 
Advertiser.  The  Constitutional  Courant 
was  sold  in  the  streets  of  New  York  and 
produced  a  sensation.  It  was  noticed 
by  the  Government.  There  was  a 
"council  of  war"  on  the  paper.  One 
of  the  "newsboys"  of  that  day,  Samuel 
Sweeney — there  are  many  of  that  name 
nowadays — on  being  asked  by  one  of 
the  council  "where  that  ii:cendiary 
paper  was  printed,"  answered,  ".At 
Peter  Hassenclever's  Iron  Works,  please 
your  honor."  Only  one  number  was  is- 
sued, but  that  number  made  its  mark. 

VIRGINIA     LAGGED     BEHIND. 

Virginia  was  very  backward  in  the 
encouragement  of  newspapers.  Indeed, 
from  the  earliest  period  she  discouraged 
free-schools  and  printing  alike.  Settled 
first  of  the  American  colonies,  she  was 
from  half  a  century  to  a  century  behind 
Massachusetts  in  material  progress.  It 
was  ninety  years  after  the  introduction 
of  printing  in  Massachusetts  that  the  art 
was  carried  into  Virginia.  Sir  William 
Berkeley,  the  Governor  of  that  province 
for  nearly  forty  years,  said  in  1661 : 

"I  thank  God  we  have  no  free-schools 
nor  printing,  and  I  hope  we  shall  not 
have  these  hundred  years;  for  learn- 
ing has  brought  disobedience,  and 
heresy,  and  sects  into  the  world,  and 
printing  has  divulged  them  and  libels 
against  the  Government." 


But  in  spite  of  these  drawbacks,  sev- 
eral very  excellent  newspapers,  for  one 
or  two  of  which  the  Wise  famiy  have 
written  some  brilliant  articles,  have 
existed  in  Virginia.  One,  it  will  be 
recollected,  was  established  in  the  first 
epoch,  and  now  we  have  to  chronicle 
another,  called  by  the  familiar  name  of 
Virginia  Gazette,  the  first  number  of 
which  was  issued  in  1766.  In  May,  of 
that  year,  the  new  Gazette  appeared  with 
this  imprint; 

Williamsburg:  Printed  by  William  Rind,  at 
the  New  Printing  Office,  on  the  Main  Street. 
All  persons  may  be  supplied  with  this  Gazette 
at   12s.   6d.   per  year. 

Its  title  was  "The  Virginia  Gazette, 
pulished  by  authority ;  open  to  all  par- 
ties, but  influenced  by  none."  The  arms 
of  the  colony  formecl  the  device  with  the 
title. 
THOMAS  JEFFERSON'S  GAZETTE. 

Thomas  Jefferson  was  the  prime  in- 
stigator in  the  establishment  of  the  sec- 
ond Gazette.  In  consequence  of  the 
other  Gazette  being  entirely  under  the 
influence  of  the  Governor,  the  author  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  saw 
the  necessity  of  another  newspaper. 
Jefferson  said:  "Till  the  beginning  of 
our  revolutionary  disputes  we  had  but 
one  press,  and  that,  having  the  whole 
Ijusiness  of  the  Government  and  no  com- 
petitor for  public  favor,  nothing  dis- 
agreeable to  the  Governor  could  find 
its  way  into  it.  We  procured  Rind  to 
come  from  Maryland  to  publish  a  free 
paper."  William  Rind  published  tliat 
paper  till  his  death  in  1773. 

It  is  stated  that  the  first  printed  state- 
ment of  the  adoption  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  of  the  Fourth  of  July 
by  Congress  was  made  in  the  Virginia 
Gazette  of  the  19th  of  July,  1776,  and 
then  only  a  synopsis  was  given.  The 
document  in  full  was  first  published  in 
the  Gazette  on  the  26th  of  July.  The 
fact  of  the  passage  of  the  Declaration 
was  known  by  private  letters  as  early 
as  the   10th  or   r2th   of  the  month. 

There  were  published  in  Virginia  at 
the  beginning  of  the  Revolution  two 
newspapers  only,  while  in  Massachu- 
setts there  were  seven,  and  four  in 
New  York. 


CHABIiOTTE     COBDAT, 

"^■i  lio    assassinated     ilirit    because    of 
riotous  ai  tides  in  his  paper 

BIRTH   OF  NEW  YORK  JOURNAL. 

On  the  29th  of  May,  1767,  John  Plolt 
commenced  the  New  York  Journal,  or 
General  Advertiser.  It  was  brought  into 
existence  under  the  inspiration  of  Geo. 
Clinton  and  Philip  Schuyler,  two  lead- 
ers of  the  Revolutionary  Party. 

The  Journal  was  a  zealous  advocate 
for  the  cause  of  America  during  the 
Revolution.  It  maintained  its  ground 
until  the  British  army  took  possession 
of  the  city  of  New  York  in  1776,  when 
the  publisher  removed  to  Kingston, 
which  was  called  Esopus,  and  revived 
the  paper  there  in  July,  1777.  When 
Esopus  was  burned  by  the  British  in 
October  of  that  year,  Holt  removed  to 
Poughkeepsie,   where  he   published   the 


Journal    until    the    termination    of     the 

I  he  government  in  New  Y'ork,  as  in 
Boston,  sougnt  to  use  the  press  to  coun- 
teract the  influence  of  the  press.  With- 
out much  clithculty  they  oDtained  con- 
trol ot  the  Koyal  Gazetter,  which  was 
established  by  James  Kivington  origi- 
nally m  176z.  it  was  managed  with 
more  skill  and  tact  than  the  unronicle, 
also  a  royal  organ,  was  managed  in 
Boston  by  John  Mein.  The  principal 
contributors  of  the  Gazetter  were  /it- 
torney  General  Seabury;  Isaac  Wilkins, 
a  man  of  talent  and  influence;  the  Kev. 
Samuel  Chandler. 

ihe  Connecticut  Journal  and  New 
Haven  Post-Boy  maae  its  debut  in  Uc- 
■tober,  lV(j7.  it  was  printed  by  Thomas 
and  Samuel  Green  tul  1799.  New  Ha- 
ven Post-Boy  was  dropped  from  its  title 
in  1775.  it  was  published  by  Thomas 
Green  &  Son  till  lb09,  and  was  a  strong 
Whig  paper,  and  helped  along  the  Revo- 
lution,     ihe  paper  is  still  m  existence. 

On  December  21,  1767,  the  Boston 
Chronicle,  mentioned  in  connection  with 
tne  Koyal  Gazetteer,  'was  brought  out 
under  tne  auspices  of  the  Jingush  au- 
thorities by  :Mem  and  Fleming.  On  its 
appearance  it  created  quite  a  sensation 
by  its  literary  character  and  'fine  typo- 
graphical arrangement. 

'ihe  Pennsylvania  Chronicle  and  Uni- 
versal Advertiser  was  next  issued.  It 
was  published  in  Philadelphia  in  1767 
by  William  Goddard  who,  it  will  be  rec- 
ollected, created  a  sensation  in  New 
York  in  1765  by  throwing  a  political 
bomb  into  the  streets  of  that  city  in 
the  foran  of  the  Constitutional  Courant. 

THE  SALEM  ESSEX  GAZETTE. 

One  of  the  oldest  papers  now  printed 
appeared  in  Salem,  Mass.  and  was  call- 
ed the  Essex  Gazette.  On  August  5, 
1868,  the  Salem  Gazette  gave  an  inter- 
esting account  of  its  life  of  a  hundred 
years.  Without  much  enterprise  it  has 
maintained  its  respectabiHty  during  this 
long  period  of  time,  in  which  a  great 
Republic  has  been  born  and  grown  to 
greatness. 

The  Essex  Gazette  was  published  by 
Hall  in  Salem  till  May,  1775,  when,  on 
the  recommendation  ot  the  leading  sup- 
porters of  the  Whig  Part}',  the  mate- 
rial was  taken  to  Cambridge,  where  it 
was  issued  under  the  name  of  the  New 
England  Chronicle,  or  the  Weekly  Ga- 
zette, and  became  an  influential  support- 
er of  the  independence  of  the  nation.  In 
1776  the  office  was  again  moved  to  Bos- 
ton. 

When  the  paper  was  brought  out  in 
Boston  the  second  title  was  omitted. 
Shortly  after  the  Chronicle  was  sold  to 
Powers  and  Willis.  Hall,  subsequent 
to  the  sale  of  the  Chronicle,  still  retain- 
ing the  name  of  Gazette,  returned  to 
Salem,  where  he  found,  in  1781.  a  paper 
of  that  name  which  had  just  been 
brought  out  by  Mrs.  Crouch.  She  had 
issued  thirty-five  numbers.  On  the  ar- 
rival of  Mr.  Hall  in  October  of  that 
year,  the  two  Gazettes  were  united,  and 
the  publication  of  the  consolidated  pa- 
per, under  the  title  of  the  Salem  Ga- 
zette, was  continued  by  Hall  till  No- 
\'ember  22,  1786,  when  he  returned  to 
Boston  in  consequence  of  the  obnoxious 
ta-x  on  newspaper  advertisements,  and 
the  general  decline  in  trade,  which  de- 
prived him  of  nearly  three-fourths  of 
that  necessary  branch  of  newspaper 
business.  But  the  Gazette  still  lives,  as 
our  pages  will  show. 

There  is  an  old  English  press  in  the 
attic  of  the  Gazette  office  that  is  cov- 
ered with  the  dust  and  cobwebs  of  tra- 
dition^ It  was  a  part  of  Mr.  Hall's  ma- 
terial, and  the  story  is  that  the  Essex 
Gazette  was  printed  upon  it  over  a 
hundred  years  ago. 

The  pre-Revolutionary  newspapers 
were  so  few  in  number  that  it  is  our 
desire  to  mention  eacli  one,  A  paper 
called  the  New  Y^ork  Chronicle  was  is- 
sued in  1768  by  .Alexander  and  James 
Robertson.  It  did  not  long  survive,  and 
very  little  is  known  of  its  affairs. 

On  the  13th  of  October,  1769.  the 
third  paper  in  North  Carolina  was  pub- 
lished.    It  was  printed  by  Adam  Boyd, 


35 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND    JOURNALIST 


at    Wilmington,    and    named    the    Cape 
I''ear  Mercur.v. 

THE    REVOLUTIONARY    CRISIS. 

Important  events  were  now  culminat- 
ing in  America.  Nearly  all  the  leading 
men  had  become  editors,  pamphleteers, 
and  agitators.  All  others  readers  and 
believers.  The  press  wielded  an  irresist- 
ible power. 

Quite  a  remarkable  newspaper  came 
into  existence  at  this  time,  which,  with 
the  Gazette,  and  others  then  in  circula- 
tion, gave  great  aid  and  comfort  to  the 
prevailing  sentiment  of  the  people.  In 
July,  1770,  Isaiah  Thomas,  in  connec- 
tion with  Zechariali  I'^owle,  issued  the 
Massachusetts  Spy,  named  after  several 
of  the  earlier  papers  in  England  bear- 
ing the  title  of  Spye.  Three  months' 
experience  led  to  a  dissolution  of  the 
partnership,  Thomas  continuing  the  pa~ 
per  alone  and  increasing  its  size  to  four 
pages  and  publishing  twice  a  week. 
Alter  three  months  more  of  trial  it 
was  changed  to  a  weekly  paper. 

On  the  7th  of  March,  1771,  it  adopt- 
ed for  its  motto  "Open  to  all  parties, 
but  influenced  by  none."  Although  the 
editor  apparently  made  no  effort  to  be 
neutral  and  impartial  in  the  political 
character  of  his  columns,  and  published 
communications  from  each  side,  it  was 
evident  to  his  readers  that  Thomas  was 
a  Whig  and  was  heartily  and  cordially 
with  the  people.  This  soon  became  pat- 
ent to  his  Tory  patrons  and  they  with- 
drew their  support.  The  Snv  then  came 
out  fully  and  boldly  for  the  Revolu- 
tionary Party.  Mean  attempts  were 
made  to  crusii  the  paper  by  threats  of 
libel  suits  and  personal  violence,  and 
the  Government  officers  refused  to  al- 
low Thomas  the  privileges  of  the  cus- 
tom house  to  obtain  the  arrivals  and  de- 
partures of  vessels. 

THE   SPV    "THE   SEDITION    FOUNDRY." 

The  office  of  the  Spy  was  styled  "the 
sedition  foundry"  by  the  Royalists,  and 
Joseph  Greenleaf  was  dismissed  from 
the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
writing  for  the  paper.  On  the  8th  of 
October,  1772,  nearly  three  years  before 
the  fight  at  Concord,  he  closed  an  arti- 
cle in  this  bold  manner: 

Should  the  liberty  of  the  press  be  once 
destroyed,  larewell  the  remainder  of  our  in- 
valuable rights  and  privileges.  We  may  next 
expect  padlocks  on  our  lips,  fetters  on  our  legs, 
and  only  our  hands  left  at  liberty  to  slave  tor 
our  worse  than  Egyptian  taskmasters,  or — or — 
RIGHT  OUR  WAY  TO  CONSTITUTIONAL 
rREEDOM. 

The  government  made  great  efforts 
to  counteract  the  influence  of  the  Bos- 
ton Gazette,  and  such  writers  as  the 
Adamses  and  the  Quincys,  and  the  Spy 
with  its  staff  of  contributors,  became 
more  bold  and  resolute.  The  authori- 
ties then  fell  back  entirely  on  the  old 
News-Letter,  which  was  called  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Gazette  and  Weekly  News- 
Letter.  All  the  Tory  writers  concen- 
trated their   power  on   this  paper. 

It  was  in  1774  that  Thomas  intro- 
duced an  emblem  borrowed  from  the 
Constitutional  Courant  of  17G5,  which 
represented  a  snake  divided  into  nine 
parts,  one  part  denoting  New  England, 
and  each  of  the  remaining  parts  denot- 
ing the  other  colonies — the  Immortal 
Thirteen  in  all.  Over  this,  in  large  let- 
ters extending  the  entire  width  of  the 
page,  was  the  motto  "Join  or  Die."  This 
device  had  created  a  sensation  in  the 
streets  of  New  York  nine  years  previ- 
ously. It  increased  the  excitement  in 
1774. 

More  British  troops  having  landed  in 
Boston,  the  place  became  too  warm  for 
Thomas.  Threats  of  personal  violence 
were  uttered  against  him  oy  some  of  the 
red-coated  soldiers.  He  was  on  the  list 
of  twelve,  with  Samuel  Adams  and  John 
Hancock,  who  were  to  be  summarily 
executed  when  taken.  To  avoid  this  dif- 
ficulty and  unpleasantness,  and  to  do 
more  good  with  more  safety,  he  sent 
his  type  and  press  across  the  Charles 
River  on  the  night  preceding  the  event- 
ful day  of  the  affair  at  Lexington  and 
Concord,  and  had  them  conveyed  to 
Worcester.  The  last  number  of  the  Spy 
was  printed  in  Boston  April  6,  1775. 

THOMAS    MOVES    TO    CAMBRIDGE. 

On   May  3,    1775,   the   Spy  made   its 


appearance  in  Worcester.  Its  motto,  in 
large  type,  over  the  title  of  the  paper 
was  "Americans !  Liberty  or  Death  I 
Join  or  Die  !"  Six  years  later  the  title 
of  the  paper  was  changed  to  Thomas' 
Massachusetts  Spy,  or  Worcester  Ga- 
zette, with  yet  a  new  device  and  another 
motto :  "The  noble  Efforts  of  a  Virtu- 
ous, Free  and  United  People,  shall  ex- 
tirp'ate  tyranny,  and  establish  Liberty 
and   Peace." 

The  Spy  continued  its  powerful  sup- 
port of  the  Union  and  the  patriotic 
measures  of  the  people  and  of  the  Rev- 
olutionary party,  till  it  saw  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  country  acknowledged 
and  its  journalistic  efforts  fully  se- 
cured and  rewarded. 


sued    for    libel. 

The  Robertsons,  who  published  the 
Chronicle  in  New  York  in  1768,  estab- 
lished the  Post-Boy  in  Albany  in  1772. 

In  speaking  of  the  New  York  Journal 
and  i'ts  controversy  with  the  Royal  Gaz- 
etteer, it  was  stated  that  the  publica- 
tion of  the  latter  was  commenced  in 
1762.  It  became  notorious  in  the  colo- 
nies, and  especially  in  New  York,  dur- 
ing the  Revolutionary  conflict.  It  was 
first  called  Rivington's  New  York  Gaz- 
etteer, or  the  Connecticut,  New  Jersey, 
Hudson  River  and  Quebec  Weekly 
Advertiser,  and  was  established  in 
April,  1762,  by  James  Rivington.  Riv- 
ington  afterward  returned  to  London 
and  obtained  the  appointment  of  King's 
printer  for  America.  When  he  came 
back  with  new  type,  new  presses  and 
renewed  energy  he  re-established  his 
paper  under  the  name  of  Rivington's 
Royal  Gazette. 

NEW   York's  four  newspapers. 

While  New  York  was  occupied  by  the 
British  troops,  four  papers  were  pub- 
lished in  that  city.  In  order  to  have  a 
newspaper  issued  daily,  the  proprietors 
made  an  arrangement  by  which  one  was 
published  every  day,  except  Sunday  and 
Tuesday,  of  each  week,  in  the  follow- 
ing manner: 

Rivington's  Royal  Gazette,  Wednes- 
days and  Saturdays ;  Hugh  Gaine's  Ga- 
zette, or  Mercury,  Mondays;  Robertson, 
Mills  and  Hicks'  Royal  American  Ga- 
zette, Thursdays;  Lewis'  New  York 
Mercury  and  General  Advertiser,  Fri- 
days. 

These  papers  were  all  published  under 
the  sanction  of  the  British  commander- 
in-chief,  but  none  of  the  printers_  as- 
sumed the  title  of  "printer  to  the  King," 
except  Rivington,  who  had  a  govern- 
ment appointment. 

When  the  war  was  about  to  close 
Rivington  threw  away  the  appendages 
of  royalty.  The  arms  of  Great  Britain 
no  longer  appeared  on  his  office.  It 
was  no  more  the  Royal  Gazette,  but  a 
plain  Republican  newspaper.,  entitled 
Rivington's  New  York  Gazette  and 
Universal   Advertiser. 

Although  Rivington  discontinued  the 
Gazette  soon  after  the  peace  of  1783, 
he   uninterruptedly   traded     largely     in 


books  and  stationery  for  several  years 
subsequent  to  that  period.  He  finally 
failed  in  that  business,  and  retired.  He 
died  in  July,  1802,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
eight.  One  of  the  old  thoroughfares  of 
New  York  City  is  still  named  Rivington 
street. 

In  August,  1773,  the  Maryland  Jour- 
nal and  Baltimore  Advertiser  appeared. 
It  was  published  by  William  Goddard, 
the  old  printer  of  the  ephemeral  and 
sensational  Constitutional  Courant  at 
"Peter  Hassenclevcr's  Iron  Works," 
and  the  Pennsyh'ania  Chronicle  in  1767. 
Goddard  was  one  of  the  itinerant  jour- 
nalists of  his  day. 

The  Norwich  (Conn.)  Packet  was 
published  for  the  first  time  in  October, 
1773. 

Isaiah  Thomas,  like  Franklin,  and 
Goddard,  and  Parks,  and  Rind,  did  not 
confine  his  enterprise  to  one  paper.  He 
established  others  wherever  he  thought 
he  could  accompHsh  anything.  On 
December  4,  1773,  he  issued  the  Essex 
Journal  and  Merrimack  Packet,  or  the 
Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire 
General  Advertiser. 

NEW    jersey's    FIRST   NEWSPAPER. 

The  first  regular  newspaper  issued  in 
New  Jersey  was  published  there  on 
December  o,  1777,  the  New  Jersey  Ga- 
zette. In  1758  James  Parker,  the  New 
York  printer,  established  a  literary 
periodical  called  the  New  American 
Magazine,  which  was  edited  by  Samuel 
Nevil,  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
that  State,  who  had  been  editor  of  the 
London  Evening  Post.  The  first  news- 
paper was  published  in  1777  bv  Isaac 
Collins,  an  enterprising  Quaker,  who 
had  been  a  printer  for  a  number  of 
years  in  that  remarkable  and  respect- 
able province. 

The  New  Jersey  Journal  was  estab- 
lished at  Chatham,  N.  J.,  in  1778,  by 
David  Franks,  and  was  continued  un- 
til the  close  of  the  Revolution.  Franks 
afterward  removed  to  New  York,  where 
he  issued  a  weekly  paper.  He  also  pub- 
lished, with  Shepard  Kollock,  the  first 
directory  of  that  city. 

On  June  15,  1778,  the  first  number  of 
the  Independent  Ledger  and  American 
Advertiser  appeared  in  Boston — Draper 
and  Folsom,    publishers. 

Mississippi  began  to  enjoy  the  luxury 
of  a  newspaper  in  1779,  one  being  pub- 
lished there  that  year. 

Vermont  now  entered  the  field  of 
journalism  and  closed  our  epoch  of  the 
Revolutionary   press  by   the  publication 


of  the  Vermont  Gazette,  or  Green 
Mountain  Post-Boy,  in  1781.  It  was 
printed  at  Westminster,  by  Judah  Pad- 
dock Spooner  and  Timothy  Green.  The 
establishment  was  removed  to  Windsor 
in  1783. 

The  forty-nine  newspapers  which 
were  established  in  the  colonies  from 
1748  to  1783  were  all  weekly  or  semi- 
weekly  publications.  One  paper  had 
been  started  as  a  tri-weekly,  but  failed 
on  that  plan,  and  was  then  issued  semi- 
weekly,  and  finally  as  a  weekly. 
THE  POLITICAL  PARTY  PRESS. 
The  printer  and  the  press  had  now 
ceased  to  be  martyrs  in  England  and 
America.     The  time     when     journalists 


were  dragged  through  the  streets  to 
Tyburn,  or  had  their  ears  cut  off  as 
had  Prynne,  or  put  in  the  pillory  as  was 
Defoe,  or  had  their  papers  burned  by 
the  common  hangman  as  was  Zengers, 
had  passed  with  the  Anglo-Saxon  race. 
There  was  now  greater  latitude  in  the 
United  States.  Some  of  the  best  intel- 
lects of  the  country  continued  their  con- 
tributions to  the  newspapers  in  the  in- 
terests of  the  organization  of  society,  of 
parties,  of  politics,  of  literature  and  of 
religion.  It  was  time  to  place  the  na- 
tion on  a  solid  foundation,  and  news- 
papers were  necessary  to  accomplish  this 
desirable  result. 

Scarcely  had  the  echo  of  the  last  hos- 
tile gun  of  the  Revolution  died  away 
when  the  country  became  divided  into 
two  great  political  camps,  with  news- 
papers as  their  needle-guns,  and 
pamphlets  as  their  chassepots.  Editors 
were  free  of  prison;  they  were  in  no 
danger  of  having  their  ears  cut  off; 
they  could  fight  duels;  they  had  their 
legal  rights,  and  could  discuss  the  great 
questions  that  agitated  the  public  mind, 
but  they  were  bound  to  party.  Inde- 
pendence of  opinion  and  expression, 
outside  of  party,  was  political  and  finan- 
cial ruin. 

When  the  Independence  of  the  United 
States  was  acknowledged  in  1783,  the 
people,  solid  and  compact  during  the 
war,  began  to  disintegrate,  and,  from  a 
grand  Revolutionary  party,  with  one 
sublime  object  in  view,  there  came  two 
political  parties.  Each  was  a  safety- 
valve  to  the  country ;  each  was  honest 
and  patriotic  in  its  purposes,  but  each 
entertained  different  views  on  the  policy 
and  form  of  government  deemed  best 
for  the  republic. 

SURVIVORS     OF     THE    REVOLUTION. 

Of  those  papers  that  passed  through 
the  fire  of  the  Revolution  and  entered 
the  new  political  arena,  the  New  York 
Journal,  the  New  York  Packet,  the 
Massachusetts  Spy,  the  Boston  Gazette 
the  Newport  Mercury,  the  Connecticut 
Courant,  the  Maryland  Gazette,  the 
Boston  Independent  Chronicle,  the 
Salem  Gazette,  the  New  Hampshire 
Gazette,  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette,  the 
Pennsylvania  Journal,  were  the  most 
prominent.  Other  journals  were  soon 
established,  and  many  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished men,  who  afterwards  held 
high  positions,  started  in  political  life 
and  distinction  with  these  papers. 

The  several  New  York  journals  which 
were  removed  from  that  city  during  its 
occupancy  by  the  British  troops  were 
returned  to  their  old  quarters  on  the 
conclusion  of  peace.  Among  others  was 
the  New  Y'ork  Journal,  published  by 
John  Holt  under  the  new  name  of  the 
Independent  Gazette,  or  the  New  York 
Journal  revived. 

The  New  York  Packet,  published  as 
a  weekly  by  Samuel  Loudon,  returned 
to  New  York  with  the  others.  Shortly 
after  its  reestablishment  it  became  a 
daily  and  was  continued  as  such  for 
several  years.  It  was  called,  as  late  as 
1793,  the  Diary,  or  Loudon's  Register. 
The  Packet  was  the  political  opponent 
of  the  Journal,  and  strongly  advocated 
the  Federal  cause  and  the  adoption  of 
the  Constitution. 
THE  MASSACHUSETTS  SENTINEL. 

The  most  influential  and  enterprising 
paper  in  Massachusetts  after  the  Revo- 
lution was  the  Massachusetts  Sentinel 
and  the  Republican  Journal,  started  as  a 
semi-weekly  by  Warden  and  Russell  in 
1784,  and  managed  for  forty-two  years 
by  Major  Benjamin  Russell,  who  was 
the  master  spirit  of  the  establishment. 
Its  first  number  was  issued  on  the  24th 
of  March. 

The  Sentinel  was  in  favor  of  protec- 
tion to  all  domestic  manufactures.  The 
British  factors  and  agents  made  great 
efforts  to  establish  ■  themselves  in  the 
United  States.  After  having  lost  the 
country  they  endeavored  to  save  the 
trade. 

In  1830  the  New  England  Palladium, 
and  in  1836  the  Boston  Gazette,  were 
merged  with  the  Sentinel.  In  1840  the 
Sentinel  disappeared  in  the  embrace  of 
the    Boston   Daily  Advertiser. 

That  Methuselah  of  newspapers,  the 


36 


THE   fiDlTOR   ANO   PUBLISHER   ANE)   JOURNALIST 


New    Hampshire    Gazette,    was    started 
in  the  last  century  and  still  lives. 

In  1847  the  N.  H.  Gazette  and  Re- 
publican Union  was  published  by  Will- 
iam P.  Hill,  who  began  in  March  and 
remained  till  Aug.  13,  1850,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Gideon  Rundlett. 

The  Connecticut  Courant,  which  be- 
came the  property  of  Hudson  and  Good- 
win in  1779,  was  printed  by  them  till 
Nov.  21,  1815,  when  George  Goodwin 
&  Sons  appeared  as  printers.  The  paper 
remained  in  the  hands  of  the  Goodwin 
family  until  Sept.  12,  1836,  when  it 
passed  into  the  hands  of  John  L.  Bos- 
well,  and  was  published  by  him  until 
Jan,  1,  1850.  In  1865  the  firm  was  again 
changed  and  the  paper  published  by  A. 
N.  Clark  &  Co.  At  the  conclusion  of 
the  Revolution  the  Independent  Chron- 
icle of  Boston  became  the  property  of 
Adams  and  Nourse. 

The  Chronicle  bitterly  denounced  the 
Society  of  Cincinnati,  which  was  then 
being  formed. 

Cambridge,  by  a  formal  \»ote  at  a 
town  meeting  in  1784,  endorsed  tlie  re- 
marks of  the  Chronicle  by  instructing 
their  representative  in  General  Court  to 
use  his  endeavors  to  have  the  Society  of 
Cincinnati  suppressed.  The  Chronicle 
was  an  organ  of  the  RepubHcan  party, 
which  was  the  foe  of  England  and 
strongly  in  favor  of  France.  In  1793 
the  paper  was  issued  twice  a  week. 

CAREER  OF  THE   CHRONICLE. 

The  Sedition  Law,  restricting  the 
liberty  of  press,  and  of  speech  especial- 
ly, aroused  the  opposition  party  and 
caused  great  indignation  in  all  news- 
paper otSces.  There  were  about  two 
hundred  papers  published  in  the  country 
at  that  time.  The  Chronicle  powerfully 
opposed  the  obnoxious  law,  and  was 
prosecuted  under  the  provisions  of  the 
Sedition  Act  in  the  Federal  Circuit 
Court. 

On  the  1st  of  May,  1799,  the  Chronicle 
was  purchased  by  James  White,  and 
Ebenezer  Rhoades  was  selected  as  editor 
and  printer.  On  the  1st  of  May,  1800, 
the  paper  became  the  property  ot 
Rhoades  and  the  bookkeeper,  Adams, 
who  had  heen  imprisoned  for  libel  of 
the  Legislature. 

The  Chronicle,  true  to  its  Democratic 
sentiments,  zealously  advocated  and  sup- 
ported the  war  with  England  in  1812-15. 
The  publication  of  the  paper  was  con- 
tinued by  Rlioades  and  Adams  till  the 
death  of  the  latter,  and  then  by  Rhoades 
till  1819,  when  it  became  the  property 
of  Davis  C.  Ballard  and  Edmund 
Wright,  Jr.,  publishers  of  the  Boston 
Patriot,  with  which  paper  it  was  united. 
In  1832  the  Patriot  was  merged  with 
the  Daily  Advertiser. 

Another  newspaper  which  survived  the 
Revolution  and  stands  in  peculiar  con- 
trast with  its  unsuccessful  contempo- 
raries, is  the  Salem  Gazette.  It  was  re- 
vived in  October,  1786,  by  John  Dabney 
and  Thomas  C.  Cushing.  William  Carl- 
ton joined  Mr.  Cushing  in  1794  and  re- 
mained till  1797.  In  1800  Mr.  Carlton 
commenced  the  publication  of  the  Salem 
Register. 

The  Gazette  was  published  by  Mr. 
Cushing  from  October,  1786,  to  January, 
1823.  He  then  transferred  the  estab- 
lishment to  Caleb  Cushing  and  Ferdi- 
nand Andrews.  On  the  1st  of  rtpril, 
1825,  Caleb  Foote  bought  Cushing's 
share  in  the  concern.  In  October,  1826, 
Andrews  sold  his  share  to  WiUiam 
Brown  and  removed  to  Lancaster,  where 
he  published  a  paper  for  several  years. 
He  afterwards  assisted  in  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Boston  Traveler. 
THE  FIRST  DAILY  NEWSPAPERS. 
The  first  daily  newspaper  published 
in  the  United  States  was  the  American 
Daily  Advertiser,  issued  in  Philadel- 
phia in  1784,  by  Benjamin  Franklin 
Bache.  When  the  seat  of  the  National 
Government  was  in  Philadelphia  it 
shared  the  confidence  and  support  of 
Jefferson  with  the  National  Gazette.  It 
was  strong  in  its  opposition  to  the 
Federal  section  of  the  administration  of 
Washington,  and  to  all  the  measures 
originating  with  Hamilton.  Zachariah 
Poulson  became  its  proprietor  and  pub- 


lisher in  1802,  and  it  was  known  as 
Poulson's  Advertiser.  He  continued  its 
publisher  till  October  28,  1839,  when  the 
establishment  was  sold  to  Brace  and 
Newbold,  the  publishers  of  a  new  paper 
called  the  Nortli  American.  The  name 
after  that  was  the  North  American  and 
Daily  Advertiser.  The  Advertiser  came 
from  the  Pennsylvania  Packet,  published 
iby  Dunlap  and  Claypole.  Its  character 
resembled  that  of  Poulson,  its  proprie- 
tor, and  was  very  slow  and  very  re- 
spectable. Poulson  died  in  Philadel- 
phia July  30,  1844. 

NEW  York's  first  daily. 

The  New  York  Daily  Advertiser,  the 
second  daily  to  be  published  in  the 
United  States,  appeared  in  1785.  It 
was  launched  by  Francis  Childs  &  Co. 
in  March  of  that  year.  It  had  a  little 
unpleasantness  with  the  Journal.  Colonel 
Oswald,  of  the  latter,  charged  the  Ad- 
vertiser with  a  design  to  injure  Widow 
Holt,  of  the  Journal,  and  quite  a  news- 
paper quarrel  grew  out  of  the  affair. 

The  first  paper  printed  in  Maine  was 
the  Falmouth  Gazette  and  Weekly  Ad- 
vertiser, on  the  1st  of  January,  1785. 
It  was  published  by  Thomas  B.  Wait  and 
Benjamin  Titcomb.  In  1786,  when  Port- 
land, a  part  of  Falmouth,  was  incorpo- 


columns  were  Caleb  Strong,  afterwards 
Governor  of  the  State;  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Lyman,  and  Major  Hawley.  It  became 
the  duty  of  patriots  in  the  infancy  of 
the  republic  to  crush  at  once  the 
schemes  of  the  demagogues,  who  ap- 
peared at  the  end  of  the  Revolution,  and 
took  advantage  of  the  scarcity  of  money 
and  the  heavy  taxes  to  e.xcite  the  people 
to  revolt.  It  was  only  by  means  of 
newspapers  that  this  could  be  effectually 
accomplished. 

PITTSBURGH'S    FIRST    PAPER. 

The  Pittsburgh  (Pa.)  Gazette,  the 
first  newspaper  printed  west  of  the 
Alleghany  Mountains,  appeared  July  29, 
1786,  and  in  1796  the  Post  was  issued. 
There  are  now  printed  in  that  city  ten 
or  eleven  daily  papers,  three  or  four  of 
which  are  German.  The  Oracle  of 
Dauphin,  issued  in  Harrisburg  in  1791, 
was  the  ifirst  newspaper  to  be  established 
in  that  place.  John  'Wyeth  'was  its  edi- 
tor, and  the  late  chief  justice  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Ellis  Lewis,  and  Senator  Simon 
Cameron  were  his  apprentices.  The 
first  paper  printed  in  Kentucky  was  is- 
sued by  John  Bradford  at  Lexington  in 
1786. 

The  Herald  of  Freedom  and  Federal 
-Advertiser,  published   twice   a   week  by 


rated,  Wait  changed  the  name  of  the  Freeman  and  Andrews,  made  its  appear- 
paper  to  the  Cumberland  Gazette,  ance  in  Boston,  Sept.  15,  1788.  It  was 
iitcomb  shortly  after  commenced  the  only  remarkable  for  its  advocacy  of 
puMication  of  the  Gazette  of  Maine.  Hancock  for  Governor  in  opposition  to 
It  was  discontinued  in  1796.  The  East-  Bowdoin,  and  for  the  fact  that  it  was 
ern  Star  was  estabHshed  in  Hallowell  defendant  in  the  first  hbel  suit  tried  in 
that  year.  Elijah  Russell,  in  1798.  is-  Massachusetts  after  the  Revolution, 
sued  a  paper  in  Frj'eburg,  where  This  occurred  in  1791  and  was  based 
Daniel  Webster  taught  school  a  few  upon  a  savage  attack  made  by  the  paper 
years  later.  This  paper  was  known  as  on  a  member  of  the  Legislature.  The 
Russel's  Echo,  or  the  North  Star — a  case  was  decided  in  favor  of  the  news- 
queer  combination  of  names.  paper.  Harrison  Gray  Otis,  one  of  the 
A  daily  newspaper  called  the  Daily  most  briUiant  men  of  his  day,  was 
Courier  was  launched  in  Portland.  Oct.  counsel  for  the  editor. 
13,  1829.  It  was  edited  by  Seba  Smith,  The  United  States  Gazette  was 
Jr.,  the  original  Jack  Downing,  of  started  in  New  York  in  1789  by  John 
Downingsville.  The  Daily  Evening  Ad-  Fenno,  of  Boston.  Its  original  name 
vertiser,  the  second  daily  paper  in  was  the  Gazette  of  the  United  States. 
Portland,  pubHshed  by  John  and  Will-  It  was  first  issued  in  New  York,  be- 
iam  E.  Edwards,  made  its  appearance  cause  the  seat  of  the  National  Govern- 
Jan.  5,  1881.  It  was  in  this  office  that  ment  was  then  in  that  city.  When 
James  and  Erastus  Brooks,  of  the  New  Congress  removed  to  Philadelphia,  in 
York  Express,  started  as  journalists.  1790,  the  Gazette  went  with  that  body. 
The  Advertiser  afterwards  published  a  In  1792  it  was  the  special  organ  of 
morning  edition  but  it  was  discontinued  Alexander  Hamilton,  the  Secretary  of 
in  1869.  In  an  obituary  notice  of  Will-  the  Treasury,  and  his  friends,  and  made 
iam  Bartlette  Sewall,  who  died  in  Ken-  furious  attacks  on  the  Jacobins  of  that 
nebunk,  in  1869,  it  was  stated  tnat  he  day.  Thomas  Jefferson,  in  a  letter  to  a 
became  editor  of  the  Advertiser  in  1883,  friend  in  Paris,  thus  spoke  of  this  paper 
and  its  opposition: 

The  Tory  paper,  Fenno'; 


and  held  that  position  ior  several  years. 
THE  HAMPSHIRE  GAZETTE. 

One  of  those  veteran  newspapers  that 
seem  to  live  through  all  time  without 
much  change  is  the  Hampshire  Gazette, 
published  in  Northampton,  Mass.  Will- 
iam Butler  issued  the  first  number  on 
Sept.  6,  1786.  In  the  midst  of  the  ex- 
citement growing  out  of  Shay's  Rebel- 
lion, when  meetings  were  held  at  which 
the  supposed  grievances  of  the  people 
were     strongly     expressed,     it     became 


■arely  : 


thing  which  defends  the 

pres 

snt 

form   0 

gov- 

ernment    in    opposition 

n    hi 

5    desire    o 

sub- 

'  ertingr    it,    to    make    way    fo 

king. 

Lords 

Commons.       There     are 

hiph 

nn 

mes     he 

re     in 

favor    of    this    doctrine. 

Ada 

TWi 

Jay,    Hamil- 

ton,    Knox    and   many   o: 

the 

Cir 

cinnati 

The 

second    says   nothing:    th 

thi 

H    i 

open- 

Both 

are    dangerous.     They    pant 

tte 

union 

with 

England,    as    the    power 

whi 

h 

s    to    s 

ipport 

their    projects,   and  are 

nost 

determined 

Anti- 

Fenno  died  of  yellow   fever  in    1798, 
the    same   year    with    Bache    of    the 


necessary  to  establish  a  paper  to  convey  Aurora.     He  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

information  to  the  people  in  the  inter-  John  Ward  Fenno,  in  the  management 

est  of  the  Government,  and  to  stem  the  of    the    Gazette.      It    was    subsequently 

current  of  popular  insubordination.    The  conducted,  at  different  periods,  by  Caleb 

Hampshire  Gazette  was  the  paper  thus  P-  Wayne.  Elihu  Chauncey,  Enos  Bron- 

estabhshed.     Among  the  writers  for  its  son  and  Joseph  R.   Chandler, 

37 


THE  NORTH  AMERICAN. 

When  the  newspapers  of  New  Y'ork 
experienced  a  revival  in  1844,  1845  and 
1846  the  journals  of  Philadelphia  par- 
took of  the  excitement.  The  most 
spiritedly  managed  newspaper  in  Phila- 
delphia at  that  time  was  the  North 
American.  It  was  first  issued  in  1889, 
as  already  stated,  absorbing  the  old  Ad- 
vertiser in  that  year.  It  afterward 
passed  into  the  hands  of  Childs  and 
Frjf,  taking  in  the  Commercial  Herald 
in  1840.  Afterward  it  was  taken  over 
by  George  R.  Graham,  well  known  as  the 
publisher  of  Graham's  Magazine,  and 
Alexander  Cummings,  who  subsequently 
published  the  Evening  Bulletin  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  spent  $200,000  in  establish- 
ing the  New  York  World  as  a  religious 
newspaper. 

It  was  the  North  American  that  in- 
spired the  other  journals  of  Philadel- 
phia to  great  efl'orts,  and  helped  to  in- 
fuse more  energy  and  hope  in  the 
Tribune  of  New  York.  The  amiable 
George  H.  Hart  and  old  partner  of 
Chandler's  in  the  United  States  Gazette, 
made  frequent  visits  to  New  York  in 
the  news  competition  period ;  but  so 
largely  increased  had  the  expenses  of 
the  papers  become  by  this  fresh  energy 
in  their  management  that  the  venerable 
Chandler  felt  constrained  to  retire  from 
journalism,  and  in  1847  he  disposed  of 
his  entire  establishment  to  the  proprie- 
tors of  the  North  American  for  $45,- 
000,  and  the  two  names  and  the  two 
papers  were  merged  in  one. 

The  North  American  can  claim  to  be, 
by  purchase,  the  oldest  daily  paper  pub- 
lished in  the  United  States,  although  its 
own  age  dates  back  only  to  1889. 

THE   WESTERN  PRESS. 

The  introduction  of  newspapers  in  the 
new  settlements  of  America  was  at  first 
as  slow  and  difficult  as  the  introduction 
of  printing  was  in  the  fifteenth  century. 

The  post-office  and  the  press  were  al- 
most as  intimately  connected  in  their 
relations  in  the  West  as  in  the  East 
when  John  Campbell,  the  postmaster  of 
Boston,  started  the  News-Letter.  On 
tlie  9th  of  November,  1793,  the  Centinel 
of  the  Northwestern  Territory,  some- 
what of  a  high-sounding  title,  was 
founded  in  Cincinnati  by  William  Max- 
well, who  was  the  second  postmaster  of 
that  town.  This  was  the  first  newspaper 
and  the  first  printing  office  estabhshed 
north  of  the  Ohio  River  in  what  was 
then  called  the  Northwest.  The  Cen- 
tinel was  subsequently  removed  to  Ci, 
licothe. 

In  1'799  another  paper,  the  third  in 
that  wild  region,  was  estabHshed.  Its 
title  was  the  Western  Spy  and  Hamilton 
Gazette.  The  name  of  this  paper  was 
changed  in  1823  to  the  National  Republi- 
can and  Ohio  Political  Register.  In  No- 
vember of  that  year  the  Independent 
Press  and  Freeman's  Advocate  was 
united  with  the  Republican. 

On  the  9th  of  December,  1804,  the 
Liberty  Hall  and  Cincinnati  Mercury 
appeared,  and  was  pubhshed  for  eleven 
years,  or  until  it  was  consolidated  with 
the  Gazette,  which  had  been  started  in 
1806,  The  Gazette  was  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  papers,  its  first  great  reputa- 
tion having  been  acquired  while  under 
the  editorial  management  of  Charles 
Hammond. 

The  West  now  began  to  show  rapid, 
material  development.  The  Cincinnati 
Press  gave  us  the  particulars  of  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  first  steamboat  on  the 
Western  waters.  It  was  in  the  Gazette, 
somewhere  about  1820,  we  believe,  that 
Captain  John  Clewes  Symmes  presented 
his  curious  theory  of  the  formation  of 
the  earth  and  other  planets,  and 
"Symmes's  Hole"  was  as  famous  then 
as  the  astronomical  discovery  by  Secre- 
tary Boutwell  of  the  "Hole  in  the  Sky," 
which  he  demonstrated  with  so  much 
clearness  on  the  celebrated  Impeachment 
trial  of  Andrew  Johnson. 

Isaac  C.  Burnet,  brother  of  Judge 
Jacob  Burnet,  was  editor  of  the  Gazette 
in  1822,  and  had  been  such  for  several 
years.  He  sold  his  interest  to  Benjamin 
F.  Powers,  a  brother  of  Hiram  Powers, 
the  sculptor. 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND    JOURNALIST 


Cincinnati's  newspapers. 

There  was  another  paper  of  note  in 
Cincinnati  called  the  Inquisitor  and  Cin- 
cinnati Advertiser,  which  was  launched 
June  22,  1818,  by  Cooke,  Powers  and 
Penny.  In  1825  the  political  status  of 
the  newspapers  in  Cincinnati  became  de- 
fined. The  Gazette,  under  Hammond, 
was  Whig,  and  the  Advertiser,  under 
Dawson,  was  Democratic.  These  jour- 
nals became  bitter  foes,  and  the  warfare 
between  Hammond  and  Dawson  was  a 
relentless  one.  Oceans  of  ink  were 
wasted  in  the  conflict. 

Another  attractive  paper  in  Cincinnati 
was  the  Commercial,  which  was  estab- 
lished by  Greely  Curtis,  in  184-5.  This 
paper  was  conducted  with  much  tact, 
ability  and  courage.  Its  correspondence 
from  Washington  and  elsewhere  showed 
a  true  conception  of  journalism.  One 
of  its  correspondents  at  the  National 
Capital  was  placed  under  arrest  in  ISTU 
for  the  premature  publication  of  the 
treaty  made  by  the  Joint  High  Commis- 
sion of  England  and  the  United  States. 

SOME    EARLY     EUITIONS. 

.'Vmong  the  early  editors  of  Cincin- 
nati was  E.  S.  Thomas,  a  nephew  of 
Isaiah  Thomas,  in  whose  office  in  Wor- 
cester, he  served  his  apprenticeship.  The 
former  edited  the  City  Gazette  in 
Charleston,  S.  C,  from  1809  till  1817. 
He  established  the  Commercial  Daily 
Advertiser  in  Cincinnati  early  in  182S), 
and  was  a  supporter  of  Andrew  Jack- 
son till  toward  the  close  of  his  final 
term. 

The  Ohio  Repository  was  established 
in  Canton,  Stark  County,  in  1814.  It 
was  started  by  John  Sa.xton,  who  con- 
tinued to  work  as  compositor  and  writer 
from  that  time  till  his  death,  early  in 
1871.  W  hen  the  news  reached  the  offi_ce 
of  the  Rspository,  in  September,  1870, 
of  the  victory  of  the  Germans  at  Sedan, 
Saxton  copied  from  his  files  of  more 
than  half  a  century  previous  an  ac- 
count of  the  defeat  of  the  French  at 
Waterloo,  and  the  surrender  of  Napo- 
leon I.  to  the  Germans  and  English  in 
181-5,  and  placed  it  with  that  of  the. 
surrender  of  Sedan  and  Napoleon  HI. 
in  parallel  columns. 

The  Ohio  Statesman  was  once  a 
power  in  Ohio.  It  was  a  wing  of  the 
Democracy  in  the  West.  What  the  Pat- 
riot was  in  New  England,  the  Argus 
in  New  York,  and  the  Enquirer  in  Vir- 
ginia, the  Statesman  was  in  the  North- 
west. The  Statesman  for  a  time  was 
under  the  management  of  Charles  C. 
Hazewell.  While  he  had  charge  of  the 
Statesman  he  published  one  number  of 
the  Western  Review.  This  number  con- 
tained nearly  three  hundred  pages  of 
original  matter.  He  wrote  every  article 
and  every  line. 

Indiana  followed  Ohio.  The  first 
paper  was  published  m  that  State  in 
1808.  at  Vincennes.  In  1840  the  famous 
Chapman  was  editor  of  the  Indianapolis 
State  Sentinel.  During  the  notable  com- 
paign  resulting  in  the  election  of  Gen- 
eral Harrison  he  received  false  reports 
of  the  success  of  the  Democracy.  He 
ordered  a  wood  cut  of  an  enormous 
rooster  to  be  inserted  in  his  paper,  and 
wrote  to  his  brother  to  "Crow,  Chap- 
man, crow  !"  When  the  correct  returns 
changed  the  political  aspect,  poor  Chap- 
man became  the  target  of  his  opponents, 
but  he  survived  the  attacks,  was  a  suc- 
cessful editor,  but  was  always  known  as 
"Crow,  Chapman,  crow." 
BIRTH  OF  ST.  LOUIS  REPUBLICAN. 
Missouri  came  next.  The  leading 
paper  in  that  State  seemed  to  be  the 
St.  Louis  Republican,  which  was  es- 
tablished in  1808.  When  its  first  issue 
appeared  St.  Louis  was  a  small  trading 
post,  and  Missouri  had  not  become  an 
organized  trading  territory.  The  Repub- 
lican was  eight  by  thirteen  inches  in 
size,  and  chronicled  the  weekly  and 
daily  growth  of  the  Great  West,  with 
St.  Louis  as  its  center.  St.  Louis  has 
now  become  a  great  city,  the  fourth  in 
rank  in  the  Union,  with  a  population  of 
310,81)4,  and  Missouri  the  fifth  in  rank 
of  the  forty-eight  States.  One  of  the 
editors  of  the  Republican  was  Judge 
William  S.  Allen,  who  died  in  1868.  He 
was  editor  of  the  Newburyport  Herald 
in  1835,  and  went  to  Missouri  in  1837. 


The  Republican  was  purchased  in  1838 
for  $28,000. 

The  other  leading  journal  of  that 
State  and  that  section  is  the  St.  Louis 
Democrat,  Republican  in  politics,  which 
was  recently  sold  for  $1-50.100.  J.  B. 
AlcCullogh,  at  one  time  editor  of  the 
Cincinnati  Enquirer,  was  once  editor- 
in-chief. 

THE    CHICAGO    NEWSPAPERS. 

Henry  R.  Boss,  in  a  lecture  before 
the  Franklin  Typographical  Society  of 
Chicago,  on  the  early  newspapers  of 
Illinois,  made  the  following  interesting 
statement : 

Tile  first  newspaper  established  in  tlie  State 
was  the  Illinois  Intelligencer,  printed  at  Kas- 
kaskia,  in   ISU  or  1815.    The  first  journal   was 


Wn^I^IAM  C'ai.I.^TSl  BSTAITT. 

.lo 


Post  was  published  in  1801.  These 
three  Posts  were  entirely  independent 
of  each  other. 

The  Evening  Post  now  in  existence 
first  appeared  on  No^'ember  16,  1801  as 
a  F'ederal  newspaper  under  the  editor- 
ship of  William  Coleman.  Alexander 
Hamilton  and  John  Jay  aided  in  its  es- 
tablishment. Indeed,  it  was  considered 
by  many  as  the  organ  of  Hamilton. 
Coleman,  who  came  from  Massachu- 
setts, had  been  educated  as  a  lawyer. 
He  resided  for  a  time  in  Greenfield, 
where  he  wrote  for  the  Gazette  of  that 
place.  In  November,  1801,  he  estab- 
lished the  Post. 

Although  Coleman  started  out  with  the 
determination  to  keep  the  Post  clear  of 
"personal  virulence,  low  sarcasm  and 
verbal  contentions  with  printers  and  edi- 
tors," and  with  the  design  "to  inculcate 
just  principles  in  religion"  and  in  poli- 
tics, as  w^ell  as  in  morals,  yet  he  found 
it  impossible  to  do  so.  The  fever  of 
political  excitement  ran  too  high  and  he 
soon  became  entangled  in  a  paper  war 
with  two  leading  Republican  editors  and 
organs — Cheetham,  of  the  American 
Citizen,  and  Duane,  of  the  Aurora,  a 
Philadelphia  paper.  He  called  Duane 
a  "low-bred  foreigner,"  and,  in  allud- 
ing to  Cheetham,  he  spoke  of  "the  in- 
solvent vulgarity  of  that  base  w'retch." 
On  one  occasion  Coleman  fired  a  double 
shot  at  his  opponents : 

"T-ie  on,  Duane,  lie  on  for  pay, 
And,    Cheetham,    lie   thou,  too; 

More    against    truth    you    cannot    say. 
Than  trutli  can  say  'gainst  you." 

COLEMAN     ATTACKS     DUELLING. 

When  Philip  Hamilton,  the  eldest  son 
of  .Alexander  Hamilton,  fell  in  a  duel  at 
Hoboken,  in  18U1.  Coleman,  shocked  by 
the  occurrence,  denounced  the  practice 
of  duelling  as  a  "horrid  custom,"  and 
as  "fashion  has  placed  it  on  a  footing 
which  nothing  short  of  legislative  action 
can  control,"  demands  "strong  and 
pointed  legislative  interference"  to  ac- 
complish   this    desirable    end.      Shortly 


fa'ter''  w^as°'oHgina"ly Sprinted'  at^'VadaHa,   but    after  this  Coleman  received  a  challenge 
removed  to  Springfield.  from   Cheetham,  of  the  American  Citi- 

The  Chicago  Evening  Journal  claims  F™.  but,  after  considerable  negotiation 
to  be  "the  oldest  paper  in  the  North-  Detween  the  Inends  of  the  parties, 
west"  If  so,  it  must  be  one  hundred  Judge  Brockholst  Livingston,  in  order 
and  sixteen  years  of  age.  ''^  prevent  the   meeting,  ordered   out    a 

The  Chicago  Tribune  is  one  of  the  Posse  comitatus,  and  had  the  principals 
chief  Republican  papers  of   Illinois.     It    ^'■£?5'^°;     ^  .    ,   n     ia;-*^  rv   » 

made  its  reputation  under  the  editorial  The  Post  supported  De  Witt  Clinton 
management  of  Joseph  Medill,  who  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Chicago  in  1871,  and 
Dr.  C.  H.  Ray,  and  the  business  man- 
agement of  J.  A.  Cowles.  It  is  now 
owned  by  the  Tribune  Co.,  and  is  one 
of  the  city's  most  prosperous  news- 
papers. 

The  managing  editor  of  the  Tribune 
for  some  years  was  Sidney  Howard 
Gay,  who  occupied  the  same  position  on 
the  New  York  Tribune  during  the  Re- 
bellion, a  man  of  integrity  and  a  writer 
of  ability.  Mr.  Gay  went  from  the  Trib- 
une to  the  New  York  Evening  Post. 

Notwithstanding  the  almost  total  de- 
struction of  nearly  every  newspaper  es- 
tablishment in  Chicago  by  the  terrible 
conflagration  of  October,  1870,  the 
Journal,  Tribune.  Post,  Republican, 
Mail  and  Times  were  all  published  on 
reduced  sheets  within  forty-eight  hours, 
and  in  less  than  two  months  the  pub- 
lication of  these  journals  in  their  old 
size,  style,  typographical  beauty  and  edi- 
torial vigor,  was  fully  resumed. 

Arkansas,  where  bowie-knives  had 
their  origin,  then  almost  beyond  the 
confines  of  civilization,  was  not  without 

the  light  of  the  press.      Two     weekly    ^^^    ^.^^.„^..,   ...   ,„,_,   „ - 

newspapers  were  published  there  in  1834    „,i,iie  it  was  opposed  to  that  gentleman 


SIUBAT   HAI.STEAD. 


for    President   in    1812,    although    for   a 


rhen  the  government  was  territorial  in 
form.     They  were  called  the  Arkansas 


for   Governor    of   New  Y'ork, 
It  was  during  this  period  of  political 


Gazette,  printed  in  Little  Rock,  and  the  revolution,  or  in  the  spring  of  1810,  that 
Helena  Herald,  issued  in  the  town  of  (j,^  celebrated  humorous  odes  known  as 
that  name.  the  "Croaker  pieces"  appeared  in  the 
NEW  YORK  NEWSPAPERS.  Post.  There  were  written  by  John  Rod- 
There  was  an  Evening  Post  in  New  "^n  Drake  ^  „  „  ,  ,  ,„ 
York  in  1716,  and  still  another  in  1794.  In  1826  William  Cullen  Bryant  began 
The  latter  was  published  by  L.  Wayland  to  write  for  its  columns.  In  1828  it  ad- 
and  Matthew  L.  Davis,  afterwards  vocated  Jackson  for  the  nresidency,  and 
known  as  "the  Old  Boy  in  Specs,"  "the  fell  into  the  support  of  his  administra- 
Spy  in  Washington,"  and  the  "Genesee  tion.  It  became  the  favorite  of  the 
Traveler."  It  was  published  in  the  in-  aristocratic  portion  of  the  Democratic 
terest  of  Aaron  Burr,  and  lived  only  a  Party  m  New  York.  In  the  summer  oi 
year  or  thereabouts.    The  third  Evening  1829   Coleman   was   cut  off  by  an  apo- 

38 


plectic  stroke,  after  a  successful  edi- 
torial career  of  nearly  thirty  years.  The 
Post  continued  as  a  Democratic  organ 
through  the  administration  of  Martin 
Van  Buren,  and  sustained  all  its  finan- 
cial measures,  co-operating  to  the  elec- 
tion of  Harrison  in  1840  with  the  Al- 
bany .Argus  and  Washington   Globe. 

There  was  a  paper  in  New  York  about 
tliat  time  called  the  Times,  a  Democratic 
morning  sheet,  published  in  the  interest 
of  Nathaniel  P.  Talmadge  and  his  hand- 
ful of  adherents,  who  wc:e  called  Con- 
servative Democrats  before  they  joined 
the  Whig  Party. 

The  Post  followed  the  fortunes  of 
Van  Buren  through  the  contest  of  1840 
and  into  Free  Soilism,  and  through  the 
famous  contest  against  Cass  in  1848  to 
the  final  overthrow  of  the  old  Demo- 
cratic Party.  It  was  favorable  to  Pierce 
in  1852,  supported  Lincoln  in  1860  and 
'04,  and  was  in  favor  of  Grant  in  1868. 

The  Post  is  now  a  free  lance  in  poli- 
tics, following  its  own  views  and  its 
own  principles  in  its  ow'n  way — the  re- 
sult of  an  experience  of  nearly  three- 
fourths  of  a  century  and  of  the  prog- 
ress made  by  the  independent  press  in 
its  vigorous,  self-relying,  and  energetic 
journalism. 
FIRST   PAPERS    IN   WASHINGTON. 

POLITICAL   ORGANS. 

When  the  seat  oi  Government  was 
moved  to  Washington  in  1800  the  Na- 
tional Intelligencer  and  Washington  Ad- 
vertiser was  established  by  Samuel  Har- 
rison Smith  and  soon  became  the  organ 
of  the  administration  of  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son. Its  first  issue  as  a  tri-weekly  ap- 
peared October  31.  About  the  same  time 
the  Washington  Federalist  was  issued. 
The  National  Intelligencer  was  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  Independent  Gazetter 
of  Philadelphia. 

For  thirteen  years  after  Gales  became 
attached  to  the  paper,  and  for  seven 
years  after  Seal  on  joined  it,  they  were 
the  only  reporters  who  covered  the  pro- 
ceedings of  Congress.  Gales,  following 
in  the  footsteps  of  'his  father,  had  ac- 
quired a  thorough  knowledge  of  stenog- 
raphy. Seaton  had  also  learned  the  art. 
One  reported  the  Senate  and  the  other 
the  House.  At  that  time  they  gave  only 
running  reports  of  the  debates,  but  on 
important  occasions  they  took  full  notes 
of  the  speeches.  If  it  had  not  been  for 
Gales  the  great  speeches  of  Hayne  and 
Webster,  in  1830,  would  have  been  lost 
to  posterity.  The  original  notes  of  Web- 
ster's speech,  corrected  by  Webster  him- 
self, were  retained  bv  Gales,  and  are 
now  in  possession  of  his  family.  Most 
of  the  annals  of  the  early  Congresses 
would  never  have  been  preserved  had  it 
not  been  for  the  enterprise  of  the  edi- 
tors of  the  Intelligencer. 
THE     INTELLIGENCER'S     CAREER. 

The  InteUigencer  continued  to  be  the 
recognized  organ  of  the  several  admin- 
istrations, with  a  brief  suspension,  until 
the  advent  of  Andrew  Tackson  in  1828, 
when  it  became  the  oracle  of  the  Whig 
Party  through  the  e.xciting  political  con- 
tests that  followed  the  elevation  of  the 
Hero  of  New  Orleans.  Some  of  the 
leading  statesmen  of  the  narty  contrib- 
uted to  its  columns,  including  Webster, 
Clay  .and  Calhoun. 

Gale;,  on  one  occasion,  while  prepar- 
ing an  editorial,  was  unable  to  finish  it 
tohis  satisfaction.  Webster  came  to  his 
mind,  and  he  sent  the  unfinished  article 
to  that  distinguished  statesman  with  a 
short  note  of  explanation.  In  a  short 
time  it  came  back  in  complete  form, 
and  was  the  leading  article  of  the  Intel- 
ligencer the  next  day.  After  this,  Web- 
ster had  an  exalted  opinion  of  its  edi- 
tors. He  once  remarked  to  a  friend,  in 
speaking  of  Gales  and  Seaton:  "Those, 
sir,  are  two  of  the  wisest  and  best  heads 
in  this  country;  as  to  Mr.  Gales,  he 
knows  more  about  the  history  of  this 
Government  than  all  the  pohtical  wri- 
ters of  the  day  put  together." 

The  brief  suspension  of  the  Intelli- 
gencer occurred  while  John  Quincy 
Adams  was  Secretary  of  State  in  Mon- 
roe's Cabinet.  Adams  got  into  a  con- 
troversy with  the  Intelligencer,  and,  tak- 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


ing  away  its  public  patronage^  gave  it 
to  the  National  Journal  which  had  been 
started  in  1822  by  Thomas  L.  McKin- 
ney,  a  gentleman  of  the  old  school  and 
a  great  friend  of  the  Red  Men.  In  1825 
the  Journal  passed  to  the  control  of 
Peter  Force,  well  known  for  his  "Amer- 
ican Archives,"  "Natopma;  Calendar," 
and  splendid  library. 

GENERAL    JACKSON's    ORGAN. 

When  General  Jackson  was  inaugu- 
rated March  4,  1829,  the  United  States 
1  elegraph,  which  had  been  purchased  in 
1826  by  Dutf  Green,  became  the  organ 
of  the  administration.  According  to 
Colonel  Benton,  however,  it  was  more 
the  organ  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  the  Vice- 
President,  than  01  Andrew  Jackson,  the 
President.  Green  was  a  warm  personal 
and  political  friend  of  Calhoun,  the  two 
families   being  closely  connected. 

Colonel  Benton  states  that  in  the  win- 
ter of  1830-31,  at  a  Presidential  levee, 
Green  invited  Mr.  Duncanson,  the  owner 
of  a  large  job  printing  office  in  Wash- 
ington, to  a  private  interview.  On  that 
occasion  the  intrigues  of  Van  Buren 
were  detailed  and  a  rupture,  then  im- 
pending between  Jackson  and  Calhoun, 
was  predicted  by  Green,  who  proposed 
to  Duncanson  to  join  the  Calhoun  sec- 
tion and  take  charge  of  the  Frankfort 
(Ky.)  Argus.  He  asserted  that  the  sup- 
port of  the  Democratic  press  through- 
out the  country  would  be  secured;  that 
certain  correspondence  between  the 
President  and  Vice-President,  then  in 
type  in  the  Telegraph  office,  would  he 
published,  and  that  Van  Buren  over- 
thrown, Jackson  set  aside,  Calhoun 
would  be  the  next  President. 

While  this  scheme  was  on  foot  the 
Telegraph  was  the  organ  and  advocate 
of  the  administration,  and  in  full  enjoy- 
ment of  Government  patronage.  On  the 
eve  of  the  threatened  rupture  a  copy  of 
the  Frankfort  Argus,  the  very  paper 
Duncanson  was  urged  to  take  over,  ap- 
peared containing  "a  powerful  and 
spirited  review  of  a  certain  nullification 
speech  in  Congress,"  which  was  shown 
to  the  President.  It  pleased  him.  "Who 
(WTcite  it?"  asked  Jackson.  'TFrancis 
Preston  Blair,"  -was  the  reply.  Blair 
was  not  the  editor  of  the  Argus,  but  a 
clerk  of  a  court,  a  bank  president  and 
an  owner  of  a  small  plantation  Avith  a 
few  slaves.  He  was  sent  for  and  had 
an  interview  with  the  President,  the  re- 
sult of  which  was  the  establishment  of 
the  Globe. 

The  Telegraph  continued  under  the 
management  of  Duff  Green,  as  the  spe- 
cial organ  of  the  Calhoun  party,  until 
the  fall  of  1835.  The  Washington  Mir- 
ror, which  had  been  published  for  some 
time  previous,  was  merged  with  the 
Telegraph  in  November  of  that  year. 
On  retiring  from  the  Telegraph  Green 
wrote  for  a  paper  called  the  Reforma- 
tion until  January,   1838. 

THE    RISE    OF    THE    GLOBE. 

The  Globe  became  a  power  with  the 
Government.  John  A-^an  Buren  once  said 
that  the  ''old  gentleman,"  meaning  Jack- 
son, would  frequently,  on  receiving  his 
daily  budget  of  letters,  many  of  them 
anoHi'mous  and  full  of  threats  against 
his  life,  'during  the  intense  excitement 
about  the  United  States  Bank,  hand 
them  over  to  Blair  with  the  remark, 
"Here,  Blair,  you  take  this  lot.  You 
know  wdiat  to  do  with  them."  Blair 
evidently  did  know,  for  the  Globe,  the 
next  day  perhaps,  would  sparkle  and 
bristle  with  them  in  one  form  and  an- 
other, much  to  the  "old  gentleman's" 
satisfaction  and  deHght. 

Shortly  after  the  establishment  of  the 
Globe,  that  great  printer  and  patriot. 
John  C.  Rives,  weighing  two  hundred 
and  forty  pounds,  and  standing  nearly 
seven  feet  in  his  stockings,  became  the 
partner  of  Blair.  Amos  Kendall,  who 
had  left  the  Frankfort  Argus  of  West- 
ern America  to  take  the  appointment  of 
Fourth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  was 
installed  as  regular  contributor  to  the 
paper. 

With  the  simplicity  of  a  tyro  in  jour- 
nalism, Blair,  one  day  In  1856,  during 
the  Fremont  campaign,  asked  : 

"How     does     Bennett     manage     the 


Herald?  It  is  really  a  wonderful  paper. 
I  don't  see  him  anywhere.  He  don't 
seem  to  mix  with  the  politicians,  but  he 
appears  to  know  everything  that  is  going 
on  around  him." 

"Very  easily."  answered  the  gentleman 
addressed.  "He  knows  the  wants  of 
the  people.  He  understands  the  politi- 
cians by  experience  and  Instinct.  He 
don't  want  any  office.  He  attends  to 
his  business.  He  is  full  of  fact  and 
enterprise,  and  knows  how  to  make  a 
good   newspaper." 

"Ah !"  exclaimed  Blair.  Thus  the 
Thunderer  of  the  Globe  learned  that  it 


the  expulsion  of  the  editor  of  the  Union 
from  the  privilege  of  the  floor  for  ut- 
tering a  libel  upon  the  Senate,  and  the 
other  for  the  expulsion  of  the  Union  re- 
porters from  the  reporter's  gallery  of 
the  Senate  for  an  alleged  partial  report 
of  the  debate  in  the  Senate  on  the  pre- 
vious Monday. 

These  resolutions  gave  rise  to  an  im- 
portant debate  In  which  Messrs,  Cal- 
houn, Webster,  Butler,  Westcott,  Yulee, 
Mangum,  Mason,  Clayton,  Cass,  Bright, 
and  Archer  took  part,  and  in  which  the 
next  Presidential  election,  the  rights  of 
the  press  and  of  the  Senate,  were  fully 
discussed.  It  was  in  this  debate,  wdiich 
lasted  two  days,  that  Senator  Wescott, 
of  Florida,  said: 

If  the  people  of  the  country  knew  one- 
twentieth  part  of  the  corruptions,  the  peculent, 
the  reeking  corruptions  of  the  government, 
thev  would  descent  in  a  body  upon  this  city, 
create  a  revolution  in  less  than  twenty-four 
hours,  and  fati  upon  the  President,  heads  of 
Congress,    whigs    and    democrats, 


TWA'P-TT    TWAIN. 

was  not  as  an  organ  alone  that  a  news- 
paper became  successful  and  influential. 
SOME    SOUTHERN    NEWSPAPERS. 

Other  journals,  organs,  of  course, 
were  printed  In  Washington.  The  Spec- 
tator, published  by  Messrs.  Alartin  and 
Heart,  was  one.  It  was  mixed  up  in 
the  intrigues  to  shuffle  off  the  Globe,  and 
was  under  the  influence  'of  Senator 
Rhett.  It  had  taken  the  place  of  the 
Telegraph  as  the  organ  of  the  South 
Carolina  section  only.  Dr.  Martin  was 
a  smart  writer  and  his  articles  always 
attracted  attention.  Virgil  Maxcy  was 
one  of  the  editors.  When  Martin  went 
to  Paris,  William  A.  Harris  joined  Heart 
in  the  management  of  the  paper,  the 
name  of  which  he  changed  to  the  Con- 
stitution. 

Subsequently  when  Heart,  of  the  Con- 
stitution, joined  the  Charleston  (S.  C. ) 
Mercury,  and  Harris  was  sent  as  charge 
d'affaires  to  Buenos  Ayres,  the  Con- 
stitution closed  its  career.  On  Harris' 
return  from  South  America  he  became 
connected  w^ith  the  Union. 

In  1846  a  paper  called  the  Daily  Times 
was  issued  by  H.  H.  Robinson  as  an  in- 
dependent   Democratic   organ. 

During  the  Mexican  War  Thomas 
Ritchie,  editor  of  the  Union,  was 
■brought  before  the  Senate  for  the  pub- 
lication in  Its  issue  of  Feb.  9.  1847,  of  a 
communication  signed  "Vindicator," 
which  severely  criticised  the  conduct  of 
that  body  for  neglecting  to  carry  out 
some  of  the  military  plans  of  the  Gov- 
ernment in  connection  with  the  war. 
One  of  the  paragraphs  was  as  follows: 

In  the  Senate,  on  vesterday,  the  Mexicans 
achieved  another  victory.  The  bill  for  organ- 
izing ten  regiments  of  regular  troops  having 
been     submitted,    with    its    amendmi 


hous< 


port  which  was  submitted  to  them  for  the: 
approval.  The  House  of  Representatives  at 
once  adopted  the  report  by  a  verv  large  ma- 
jority. In  the  Senate  it  was,  in  its  most  im- 
portant feature,  rejected  by  a  majority  of  six. 
When  the  result  was  ascertained,  a  distin- 
guished Senator  from  Geort^ia  exiiibited  the 
most  marked  tokens  of  exultation.  It  is  the 
same  Senator  who  urges  a  withdrawal  of  our 
army    from    the    Jlexican    territory. 

WOULD    PUNISH     REPORTERS. 

Four  days  later  Senator  Yulee  intro- 
duced  two   resolutions,   one   calling   for 


and    turn    them    head    ov 


On  the  other  side  the  same  sign  of 
organic  decay  were  seen.  The  organs 
of  the  Democratic  party  lived  longer  but 
daily  became  weaker.  When  Franklin 
Pierce  entered  Washington  as  President 
in  1853,  the  Union  was  restored  as  the 
chief  organ  of  the  party,  with  the  Star 
as  a  tender. 

The  little  Star,  the  junior  organ,  was 
originally  edited  by  Charles  W.  Denison, 
but  it  soon  after  changed  hands,  and  was 
owned  and  edited  for  many  years  by  that 
original  and  energetic  journalist,  W.  D. 
Wallach,  who  was  always  around,  el- 
bowing through  crowds  at  the  hotels 
and  elsewhere,  and  making  his  appear- 
ance at  his  office  at  the  right  time  full 
of  gossip  for  his  columns. 

APPLETON    EDITS   THE   UNION. 

The  Union  continued  through  an- 
other administration.  When  James 
Buchanan  became  President,  in  1857,  he 
made  the  Union  his  organ,  but  insisted 


on  a  new  editor.  John  Appleton,  who 
had  edited  the  Portland  Argus,  and  who 
had  been  in  the  l^tate  Department,  and 
in  London,  with  the  President,  was  the 
one  selected.  The  Union  newspaper, 
like  the  Union  under  Buchanan,  became 
entangled  in  its  political  affinities  and 
associations.  Cornelius  Wendell,  a 
printer  of  Albany,  who  was  connected 
with  the  Union,  because  of  his  old  con- 
nections with  Thurlow  Weed,  concluded 
to  abandon  the  concern,  and  the  paper 
grew  weaker  as  the  term  of  Buchanan's 
administration  approached  Its  end.  New 
organs  of  public  opinion  sprang  into  ex- 
istence.    New   papery   ^Qrming  an  inde- 


pendent press,  new  imen  for  political 
leaders,  new  sets  of  carpet-'baggers,  and 
new  parties,  made  their  appearance  with 
fresh  Ideas  and  fresh  vigor,  and  took 
their  places  In  the  world  of  action. 
These  new  elements  controlled  the 
destinies  of  the  United  States  for  the 
next  fifty  years.  Old  party  hacks  of 
all  sorts,  men  as  well  as  newspapers, 
passed  away.  The  Telegraphs,  the 
Globes,  the  Unions,  the  Intelligencers, 
the  Spectators,  the  Constitutions,  the 
Republics,  the  Madisonians,  as  official 
organs,  disappeared. 

REPRESENTED     THE      ABOLITIONISTS. 

The  National  Era  became  known  as 
an  important  organ  nf  the  Abolition 
party  in  Washington  CItv  in  1847.  Its 
editor.  Dr.  Gamaliel  Bailev,  had  been 
editor  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  in 
Baltimore  in  1836.  and  afterwards,  with 
James  G.  Blrnev.  started  the  Philanthro- 
pist, an  anti-slavery  naper,  in  Cincin- 
nati. The  printing  office  and  oress  of 
the  latter  were  several  times  destroyed 
bv  mobs,  but  the  publication  was  con- 
tinned  till  1847.  when  it  was  inertred 
with  the  National  Era.  That  office  al?o 
passed  through  the  ordeal  of  mob 
violence  and  was  managed  with  consider- 
able enterprise  until  the  death  of  its  edi- 
tor and  proonetor. 

It  was  the  recognized  organ  of  the 
Anti-Slavery  party  at  the  national  capi- 
tal when  it  was  considered  an  act  of 
temerity  to  have  such  an  organ  in  that 
center  of  Southern  fire-eaters  during  the 
session  of  Congress.  It  was  in  the  Era 
that  Mrs.  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe  nub- 
I'shed  h-^r  celebrated  romance,  "Uncle 
Tom't;  Cabin."  in  serial  form  in  18-^1 
and  1852.  It  was  then  republished  in 
book  form  by  Jewett,  of  Boston.  It 
was  estimated  that,  un  to  the  period  of 
the  breakino-  out  of  the  rpbellion  in  Hip 
=;prlng  of  1861.  half  a  million  copies  bad 
been  sold  in  the  United  States,  half  a 
miUion  in  G'-eat  Britain  ^nd  half  a  mil- 
lion on  the  Continent  of  Europe.  It  was 
translated  into  many  bnguap-es  and 
dr;^matized  everywhere.  It  had  a  run 
of  hundreds  of  niglits  in  the  theater-^  on 
^^p  Bo"'ery  and  Chatham  street.  New 
"^'ork  City,  where  the  "hutre  fisted" 
Democracy,  with  their  families,  "most 
do  congregate":  and  while  I.Ittle  Tonsv 
■nightlv  produced  a  most  profound  effect 
'n  tearc  and  api^lause  upon  the  ma-^ses 
in  the  ^■^eate^s  the  onllt;  a^"  the  elections 
'yi  file  Metrnnoljs  invarlahlv  showed  thp 
cur'ou=:  anomaly  of  annual 'i'  increased 
majorities   against  the  Abolition   party! 

THE  DEMOCRATIC  TRIUMVIRATE 


New  organs,  reoresenting  politirnl 
nqrties.  and  the  commercial  and  materinl 
in+pfests  of  *^he  nation  now  made  their 
c^n   unon  nubile  attention. 

Uorine  Andrews,  of  Hiupbqm,  Mas^.. 
"■bo  had  pre  viouslv  pul^lished  the 
i^-rald  of  Freedom  h^  Bn^ton.  th-- 
M^estprn  St-T  m  S^ockbrid-p.  Mass.,  and 
^hp  Sentinel  in  Albanv,  N  Y..  estab- 
lished thp  Ch^He^ton  (S  C^  Courier 
•n  1800.  In  1807  l-ie  di-d  but  the  Conr- 
''='r  was;  continued  and  became  an  in- 
fluential rommercial  newsnaper  in  that 
cPc+i"on  of  the  country.  A.  Willington 
iSr  Co.  were  for  many  years  its  pronrie- 
tors  and  pnbb'sl^^rs.  It  was  edited, 
prior  to  the  Rebel'ion.  b'-  Richard  Yea- 
don,  who  mai-ip  himself  notorious  bv 
sn^akiup-  of  Edward  Everett  as  the 
"Great  Laudator." 

BENNETT    ON    THE    COURtER. 

Tames  Gordon  Bennett  began  hi.<! 
rqreer  a^  a  jonrmlist  in  the  office  of 
the  roi"-;er.  WiHinc^ton  and  Bennett 
met  in  New  York,  i"  1^28.  where  ar- 
raneem'^nts  "'ere  made  f-^r  the  latter's 
removal  to  Charleston.  Willmgton  was 
accustomed  at  that  time  tn  board  ves- 
sels on  their  arrival  frani  Havana,  from 
a  small  rowboat,  a  hi  Tooliff  of  the  Bos- 
*"on  newsrooms,  nnd  get  the  latest 
TI;i'->na  oaners.  These  wc-rc  <>iion  over 
to  ^Tr.  Bennet.  in  the  Courier  office,  who 
"-ould  translate  the  news  from  them. 
TbronrrlT  the  Cadi/  packeu.  whifTi  ran 
regularly  to  Havana,  news  from  Europe 


39 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


would  thus  sometimes  reach  America 
before  it  arrived  at  New  York  by  the 
old  London,  Havre  and  Liverpool  ships. 
In  this  way  the  Courier  would  tre- 
quently  score  beats  over  its  less  enter- 
prising contemporaries. 

WiUington's  news-boat  arrangement, 
we  believe,  embraced  nearly  the  whole 
scope  and  extent  of  the  enterprise  ol  the 
Courier,  but  it  was  useftil  and  instru- 
mental   in   building    up    that    establish- 

""wiien  the  American  Citizen  denounced 
'karon  Burr  for  his  desertion  of  the 
Democratic  party,  the  latter  s  friends  in 
lRn-2  established  in  New  \  ork  the 
Morning  Chronicle,  to  neutralize  the  at- 
tacks of  Cheatham.  It  was  edited  by 
Dr  Peter  Irving,  a  man  of  much  literary 
ability  and  erudition,  but  not  equal,  as  a 
political  journalist,  to  his  opponent. 
Washington  Irving  first  made  his  ap- 
pearance in  the  Morning  Chronicle  of 
New  York  as  a  writer  over  the  signa- 
ture of  Jonathan  Oldstyle,  as  Charles 
Dickens  did  in  the  Morning  Chronicle, 
of  London,  over  the  signature  of  Boz 

With  the  Chronicle  Burr  was  a  saint. 
The  old  Manhattan  Bank  entered  the 
arena  against  Burr,  and,  in  the  heat  of 
this  remarkable  political  contest,  the 
bank  .managers  refused  to  re-elect  as 
director  Colonel  John  Swartwout.  one 
of  Burr's  personal  and  political  friends, 
and  elected  Brockholst  Livingston  in 
his  stead.  During  the  political  contro- 
versy that  was  precipitated  during  the 
campaign,  DeWitt  Clinton  called  Swart- 
wout "a  liar,  a  scoundrel,  and  a 
villain."  Swartwout  iminediately  de- 
manded an  apology,  or  a  recantation  of 
this  offensive  language.  Mr.  Clinton  re- 
plied by  saying  that  Swartwout  had 
charged  him  with  selfish  and  unworthv 
motives  in  his  opposition  to  Burr,  and 
that  the  epithets  he  had  used  were 
simplv  a  strong  denial  of  that  charge; 
if  Colonel  S.  would  withdraw  his 
charge,  Mr.  Clinton  would  take  back 
what  he  had  said,  and  not  otherwise. 

THE    CLINTON-SWARTWOUT    DUEL. 

This  led  to  a  duel.  Five  .shots  were 
exchanged  during  which  Swartwout 
was  twice  wounded.  Clinton,  whn  wss 
shooting  at  a  man  against  whom  he  en- 
tertained no  personal  enmity,  then  re- 
fused to  fight  longer  and  immediately 
left  the  field.  .        .         ^  . 

The  Chronicle  continued  to  be  pub- 
lished until  the  summer  of  180-5  when 
it  wa=;  merged  in  the  Poughkeepsie  Jour- 
nal edited  by  Isaac  Mitchell. 

The  .Mbany  Register  wa?  edited  by 
John  Barber,  assisted  bv  his  brother- 
in-law,  Solomon  Southwick.  The  latter 
became  the  chief  editor  of  the  Register 
in  1808.  The  paoer  continued  to  be  the 
organ  of  the  Clintonians  and  endeav- 
ored to  bring  about  the  nomination  of 
Vice-President  Georcre  Clinton,  instead 
of  Madison,  for  the  Presidency,  in  ISOfl. 
It  was  the  opening  of  the  quarrel  with 
the  Richmond  Junta,  or  Virginia 
Dvnasty.  which  helped  defeat  UeWitt 
Clinton  in   1813. 

southwick's  influence. 
Southwick.  who  was  now  a  journalist 
of  commanding  influence  in  the  Demo- 
cratic party  in  New  York,  like  many  edi- 
tors of  that  and  later  periods,  was  an 
office-seeker.  In  1800  he  was  appointed 
sheriff  of  the  city  and  county  of  Al- 
banv.  In  1811  he  was  president  of  the 
Mechanics'  Bank  of  Albanv.  He  was 
also  printer  to  the  State.  In  opposing 
the  election  of  Governor  Tompkins  he 
created  an  opposition  which  led  to  the 
establishment  of  the  Argus.  He  was 
then  charged  with  corruption  in  connec- 
tion with  the  organization  of  a  monster 
bank  in  New  York,  called  the  Bank  ^f 
America.  Although  acquitted  his  in- 
fluence was  shattered. 

The  Argus  was  the  organ  of  Judge 
Snencer,  who  bad  separated  from  the 
Clinton  section  of  the  nartv.  New  edi- 
torial talent  was  introduced  in  the  Reg- 
ister in  181P.  Nathaniel  H.  Carter,  of 
New  Hampshire,  now  assumed,  in  part, 
fhe  editorial  management  of  that  paper. 
T-^  1820  he  took  entire  charge  and 
charged  the  name  to  that  pf  the  New 
York  Statesman. 


AN   IMPORTANT  LIBEL   CASE. 

Current  events  in  journalism  and 
politics  were  so  peculiarly  interwoven 
that  it  is  difficult  to  enumerate  them 
seriatim.  Sometimes  we  are  compelled 
to  run  ahead  chronologically  and  then 
return  to  prior  incidents  and  occur- 
rences. Thus  an  important  event  from 
a  newspaper  point  of  view  happened 
early  in  1804,  when  the  Hudson  Balance, 
a  leading  Federal  paper,  edited  by  Harry 
Croswell,  assailed  Mr.  Jefferson  with 
great  vigor  and  violence.  The  attack 
was  so  severe  that  Croswell  was  in- 
dicted by  the  grand  jury  of  Columbus 
County  for  libel. 

The  case  came  before  Chief  Justice 
Lewis  in  the  .Superior  Court.    Alexander 


9,  1804,  by  Ritchie  and  Worsley.  Its 
editor  was  Thomas  Ritchie,  the  senior 
proprietor,  who  became  well  known  in 
the  course  of  time  as  "Father"  Ritchie, 
and  wielded  considerable  influence  in 
the  political  circles  of  the  country.  The 
Examiner  for  several  years  previously 
had  been  the  leading  Republican  paper 
of  Richmond,  It  had  been  edited  by 
Merewether  Jones,  who  was  afterward 
succeeded  by  Skelton  Jones.  The  latter, 
with  W.  W.  Worsley  as  business  part- 
ner, published  the  paper  for  several 
years.  The  plant  was  then  purchased  by 
Thos.  Ritchie  and  Worsley,  and  the  En- 
quirer, with  five  hundred  subscribers, 
was  i.ssUL-il  in  its  place. 

When   Iht'   I':ii'|uircr   was   started  Jef- 


Pibtsbui 


AZ.l:XAITDEB  N.  ROOK. 

S  Dispatch. 


Hamilton,  Richard  Harrison  and  Wm.  ferson  was  President,  and  the  paper, 
N.  Van  Ness,  who  was  afterwards  like  the  old  Virginia  Gazette  at  Will- 
Burr's  second  when  Hamilton  was  shot,  iamsburg,  was  established  under  his 
appeared  for  the  journalist.  Attorney  auspices  as  a  part  of  the  plan  of  the 
General  Spencer  and  Lawyer  Caines  for  organization  of  the  Democratic  party, 
the  prosecution.  On  the  trial  Croswell  The  Enquirer  was  the  organ  of  the  Vir- 
offered  to  prove  the  truth  of  the  charges  ginia  Democracy  and  looked  upon  Vir- 
of  the  alleged  libel.  ginia  as  the  only  nursery  in  the  country 
The  court  declared  that  the  only  ques-  for  statesmen  and  Presidents.  Because 
tion  for  the  jury  to  decide  was  whether  the  State  bad  furnished  Washington, 
or  not  the  allej:ed  libel  had  been  pub-  Jefferson,  Madison  and  Monroe  the  En- 
lished  by  the  defendant,  Croswell,  and  quirer  pooh-poohed  the  name  of  Andrew 
that  the  question  of  libel  or  no  libel  was  Jackson  when  it  was  suggested  by  Aaron 
to  be  determined  by  the  court  alone.  Burr  in  1817.  Ritchie  violently  opposed 
It  is  said  that  Alexander  Hamilton's  the  old  hero  in  the  contest  of  1824,  as- 
effort  at  this  trial  eclipsed  that  of  An-  serting  that  his  election  "would  be  a 
drew  Hamilton  of  17.35.  In  one  case  curse  upon  our  country."  Ritchie  filled 
Andrew  Hamilton  obtained  a  great  the  same  niche  in  the  mind  of  Jackson 
triumph  for  the  freedom  of  the  press  that  Frencau,  of  the  National  Gazette, 
in  the  early  part  of  the  18th  century,  did  in  the  mind  of  Washington. 
In  the  other  case  Alexander  Hamilton  distinguished  contributor. 
by  showing  with  wonderful  eloquence  ,  ,  ..  ,  -n 
and  power  that  the  maxim  "greater  the  Among  the  contributors  to  the  En- 
truth,  greater  the  libel,"  was  of  modern  quirer  was  William  Wirt,  who  wrote 
date  in  England;  that  it  was  at  war  ^c.er  the  nora  de  plume  of  The  Bnt- 
with  the  genius  of  the  civil  institutions  'sh  Spy  for  the  K"<:hmo"d  Argus,  m 
of  this  country,  and  that  it  was  an  out-  1802,  and  of  The  Old  Bachelor  in  the 
rage  on  human  rights,  common  justice  Richmond  Enquirer,  in  1812  It  was 
and  common  sense,  produced  a  profound  sometime  after  this  period  that  Wirt 
impression  on  the  public  mind.  It  af-  hecame  'the  Anti-JMasonic  candidate  for 
fected  the  Legislature.  The  subject  was  the  Presidency,  The  Enqmrer  did  its 
.„i,.„  „„  „f  *t„  „o..f  o„„,-„n    ,  W,\\  was  share  toward  the  defeat  of  Van  Buren  s 


taken  up  at  the  next  session,  a  bill 
introdiiced    and    the    matter    thoroughly 
ventilated  in  the  sessions  of  1804-.5. 

In  the  session  of  1805  the  bill  au- 
thorizing the  truth  to  be  given  in  evi- 
dence when  the  matter,  written  or 
printed,  was  published  "with  good 
motives  and  for  justifiable  ends,"  be- 
came a  law.  It  constituted  the  jury  in 
Ithis,    as    in    all    other    criminal    cashes. 


're-nomination    for    the   'Presidency 
1844. 

In  May,  1845,  Ritchie  left  the  En- 
quirer, after  forty-one  years  of  service, 
and  went  to  Washington  to  take  the 
chief  editorial  management  of  the 
Union,  the  ofiicial  organ  of  President 
Polk. 

Just  before   his   retirement   from   the 


,th,s,  as  in  au  otner  oriminai  cases,  j^^  -^^^  ;„  1343  (^o  sons,  William  F. 
judges  of  the  law  and  of  the  fact.  The  ^J  Thomas  Ritchie,  Jr.,  had  been  as- 
law  of  hbel  was  then  placed  on  a  surer    ^^^j^j^^,     j,^      ^^^     management  of   the 


and  fairer  foundation,  and  the  principle 
thus  enunciated  was  afterwards  incor- 
porated in  the  constitutions  of  1821, 
1845  and  1865,  and  became  a  funda- 
mental law  of  the  State. 

THE  RICHMOND  ENQUIRER. 
The  Richmond  Enquirer  was  first 


paper.  On  the  departure  .of  his  father 
for  the  National  Capita],  William  F. 
Riitchie  became  its   editor. 

At  this  time  an  influential  Whip 
paper  was  printed  in  Richmond,  called 
the  Whig.  It  was  founded  by  John  H. 
Pleasants  in  1826,  who  was  one  of  its 


ed  as  a  small  semi-\veekly  sheet  May    chief  writers  and  managers.    While  the 

40 


Enquirer  was  the  organ  of  the  Democ- 
racy, the  Whig  was  the  oracle  of  the 
opposition.  The  two  papers  were  con- 
tinually fighting  each  other  in  their  edi- 
torial columns.  On  one  occasion,  how- 
ever, words  ended  in  blows. 

No  affair  in  the  early  annals  of  jour- 
nalism exceeded  the  desperate  personal 
conflict  which  took  place  in  Richmond, 
on  February  23,  1846,  between  Thomas 
Ritchie,  Jr.,  and  Pleasants.  They  met 
in  a  field,  armed  with  swords  and  pis- 
tols. They  approached  each  other,  fir- 
ing as  they  advanced.  On  coming  to- 
gether they  drew  their  swords.  Then  a 
savage  passage  of  arms  took  place. 
Pleasants  received  four  pistol-shot 
wounds  and  one  gash  from  Ritchie's 
sword,  and  died  two  days  after  the 
frightful  combat.  Ritchie  was  slightly 
wounded,  was  arrested,  tried  and  ac- 
quitted. He  died  in  May,  1854. 
THE  NEW  HAMPSHIRE   PATRIOT. 

The  New  Hampshire  Patriot,  which 
had  been  as  politically  influential  and 
well-known  in  New  England  as  the 
Richmond  Enquirer  was  in  -the  South, 
was  established  in  October,  1808,  under 
the  title  of  the  American  Patriot,  by 
William  Hoit. 

Under  the  management  of  Isaac  Hill, 
it  attained  a  large  circulation  through- 
nut  New  England.  The  old  Federal 
families  and  their  heirs  opposed  the 
paper  in  every  way,  but  as  it  was  heart- 
ily supported  by  the  Democracy,  its 
progress  and  popularity  were  great.  Mr. 
Hills'  political  friends  showed  their  con- 
fidence in  him  by  subscribing  for  his 
paper  and  electing  him  to  the  State 
Senate,  in  spite  of  a  tremendous  oppo- 
sition. 

There  is  an  interesting  story  con- 
nected with  the  political  life  of  Mr. 
Hill  that  was  firmly  believed  by  his 
friends  to  be  historically  correct.  It  is 
to  the  effect  that  he  started  the  war 
against  the  United  States  Bank.  The 
president  of  the  United  States  Branch 
Bank  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  was  Jere- 
miah Mason,  an  old  Federalist,  and  a 
man  of  fearless  independence.  Mason 
regarded  Hill  and  his  friends  as  little 
better  than  so  many  hungry  wild  beasts, 
and  treated  them  on  all  occasions  with 
the  utmost  contempt  and  indifference. 
In  revenge  Hill  requested  Mr.  Biddle  to 
remove  Mason  from  the  Portsmouth 
Branch,  but  this  he  refused  to  do.  The 
result  is  well-known.  General  Jackson 
engaged  in  the  attack  on  the  bank  with 
all  the  violence  and  animosity  which 
characterized  his  conflicts  with  his  per- 
sonal enemies  on  the  frontiers  of  civili- 
zation, and  his  party  followed  his  ex- 
ample. They  were  opposed  by  the 
Whigs,  who  fought  as  valliantly  as 
themselves.  A  bill  Ire-chartering  the 
bank  passed  both  Houses  of  Congress 
in  the  summer  of  1832,  and  was  vetoed 
by  General  Jackson.  The  excitement 
was  intense.  Many  leading  supporters 
of  Jackson  abandoned  him — among 
them,  James  Watson  Webb,  of  the  New 
York  Courier  and  Enquirer — and  be- 
came his  bitterest  opponent;  but  the 
President  was  sustained  by  the  people, 
and  the  bank  was  put  out  of  business. 
editor   hill  elected  governor. 

After  a  service  of  five  years  in  the 
Senate,  Mr.  Hill  was,  in  1836,  elected 
Governor  of  New  Hampshire.  ."Xfter 
being  itwice  re-elected,  he  retired  to 
private  life.  In  1840  he  returned  to 
pubHc  service  by  accepting  the  office  of 
sub-treasurer  at  Boston,  from  President 
Van  Buren.  He  died  in  Washington 
in  1851,  in  his  sixty-third  year. 

The  war  of  1812-15,  between  England 
and  the  United  States,  arrayed  the  news- 
papers of  that  period  in  strong  antago- 
nism to  each  other  and  the  parties  they 
represented.  "Free  Trade  and  Sailor's 
Rights"  became  the  motto  of  all  those 
in  favor  of  the  war.  Those  who  op- 
posed it  were  in  sympathy  with  the 
views  expressed  at  the  Hartford  con- 
vention. The  popular  sentiment  of  New 
England  was  against  the  war.  In  other 
places  sentiment  was  divided.  In  Bal- 
timore, for  instance,  the  feeling  be- 
came so  intense  as  to  lead  to  serious 
riots. 

The  Pemocratic  organs  in  Albany  be^ 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


came  powerful  instrumen-ts  in  the  hands 
of  the  politicians  in  carrying  out  their 
schemes.  The  Federalists  saw  this  and 
the  necessity  of  greater  activity  on  their 
part  was  apparent.  With  this  object  in 
view  they  induced  Henry  Croswell,  of 
the  Hudson  Balance,  to  move  to  Albany. 

In  1812  another  partisan  sheet,  called 
the  Albany  Renublican,  was  issued  in 
Albany  by  Judge  Spencer  and  his 
friends.  It  afterward  became  known  as 
"the  Brown  Republican.'  It  was  estab- 
lished in  opposition  to  the  Register,  and 
to  counteract  the  impressions  made  by 
the  articles  of  Southwick.  The  later  po- 
litical name  of  "Black  Republican"  was 
given  to  the  present  Republican  Party 
as  one  of  reproach,  just  before  the  Re- 
bellion, by  Major  Heiss,  of  the  Wash- 
ington Union,  and  George  N.  Sanders, 
who  took  the  idea  from  the  French.  "If 
the  Republicans  of  France  are  red,"  said 
Sanders,  "ours  must  be  black." 
BIRTH  OF  THE  ALBANY  PRESS. 

The  Albany  Argus,  which,  for  nearly 
half  a  century  was  one  of  the  newspa- 
per triumvirate  of  the  Democratic 
Partv.  first  appeared  on  the  26th  of 
January.  1813.  The  leaders  in  Albany, 
dissatisfied  with  the  course  of  the  Reg- 
ister, especially  in  re.gard  to  the  election 
of  Governor  Tompkins,  issued  the  Ar- 
gus in  opposition  to  Southwick.  and 
made  Tesse  Buel,  previously  of  the  Ul- 
ster Plebeian,  its  ostensible  editor. 

The  Argus  at  once  received  the  pat- 
ronage of  the  National  Government,  and 
in  two  years  its  editor  was  chosen  State 
printer.  Since  then  the  State  printing 
has  been  the  favorite  bone  of  the  poli- 
ticians to  throw  to  the  Cerebus  of  the 
press  to  snap  at  and  pick  while  they  are 
engaged  in  their  operations. 

In  1821  Buel.  having  acquired  a  com- 
petenc"  from  the  profits  of  the  State 
printing,  disposed  of  the  establishment 
to  Moses  J.  Cantine,  a  brother-in-law  of 
Martin  Van  Buren,  and  Isaac  Q.  Leake. 
The  new  firm  were  made  State  print- 
ers.    In  March,  1823.  Catine  died. 

The  Argus,  which  had  been  issued 
hitherto  as  a  sem'-weekly.  was  publish- 
ed as  a  dailv  on  October  8,  1824.  Week- 
ly and  semi-weekly  editions  were  also 
printed. 

FIGHT   FOR    STATE    PRINTING. 

William  H.  Seward  was  elected  Gov- 
ernor in  1838.  Then  the  Hard  Cider 
campaign  came  on,  and  in  1840  William 
Henry  Harrison  was  elected  President. 
With  this  political  revolution  the  Argus 
lost  the  State  printing,  which  fell  into 
the  hands  of  Thurlow  Weed,  of  the  Al- 
bany Evening  Journal,  another  remark- 
able political  newspaper  of  that  day. 
Weed  was,  thereupon  dubbed  "the  State 
barber"  by  the  New  York  Herald.  He 
kept  "the  slate"  for  Governor  Seward, 
and  all  office-seekers  looked  upon  him 
as  the  power  behind  the  throne.  A  bill 
was  passed  canceling  the  office  of  State 
printer.  Seward  vetoed  it.  but  the  bill 
passed  nevertheless.  Subsequently  the 
law  was  repealed. 

In  the  meantime  Croswell  had  ad- 
mitted a  partner  into  the  Argus  estab-, 
lishment  named  Van  Dyck.  of  Orange 
County.  When  the  question  came  up^ 
whose  name  should  be  used  as  candi- 
date for  State  printer  by  the  Democratic, 
members.  Van  Dyck  demanded  that  his 
name  be  inserted  alone,  declaring:  "I 
will  be  sole  State  printer,  with  the  en^ 
tire  control  of  the  press,  or  nothing" 
Edwin  and  Sherman  Croswell  owned 
three-fourths,  and  Van  Dyck  only  one- 
fourth  of  the  Argus.  The  Croswells_en-j 
deavored  to  get  him  to  change  his  mind.| 
but  as  the  junior  would  have  the  whole| 
or  none  he  retired  from  the  Argus.  Ed- 
win Croswell  was  then  elected  State 
printer,  receiving  a  majority  of  _  26 
votes  in  legislative  caucus  over  William 
C.  Bryant,  of  the  New  York_  Evening 
Post,  and  a  majority  of  56  in  joint  bal- 
lot over  Horace  Greeley,  of  the  New 
York  Tribune. 

A    PROFITLESS    CONTRACT. 

The  conflict  between  the  two  factions 
increased  in  intensity  and  interest  till 
1846,  when  another  struggle  for  the  pat- 
ronage of  the  State  took  place.  Silas 
Wright  was  at  that  time  Governor.  The 
Democratic    legislative    causus    seleffted 


William  Cassid".  of  the  Atlas,  for  State  as  such,  demanded  a  part  of  the  State 
printer.  This  movement  was  defeated  printing.  When  it  was  proposed  to 
by  the  passage  of  a  law  giving  the  pub-  make  him  sheriff,  objections  were  raised 
lication  of  the  legal  notices  to  the  paper  against  him  because  he  was  a  Jew,  on 
that  would  publish  them  at  the  lowest  the  ground  that  it  would  not  be  right 
rate.  Croswell  ofi^ered  to  publish  them  for  a  Jew  to  hang  a  Christian.  "Pretty 
without  cost  to  the  State.  Thus  the  At-  Christians,"  replied  Noah,  "to  require 
las  was  defeated,  and  the  Argus  obtain-    hanging  at  all." 

ed  the  honor  without  the  profit,  and  it  Thomas  Snowden,  afterwards  pub- 
held  on  to  this  position  till  1854,  when  lisher  of  the  Courier  and  Enquirer,  was 
the  printing,  with  full  pay,  was  restored  then  placed  in  charge  of  the  mechanical 
to  Thurlow  Weed  and  the  Evening  and  business  part  of  the  Advocate  as 
Journal.  nominal  owner,  and  James  Gordon  Ben- 

The  Argus  received  the  appointment  nett  was  installed  as  editor.  Mr.  Ben- 
in 1869,  when  the  contract  with  the  Eve-  nett  managed  the  paper  for  two  years, 
ning  Journal   expired.  but  on  the  approach  of  the  next  presi- 

The    Albany    Advertiser,    Colonel   W.    dential  campaign,  Eckford,  having  made 
L.    Stone's    old   journal,    was    edited   in    up  his  imind  to   support  the  re-election 
1838  by  James  Gordon  Brooks  until  he    of   John   Quincy  Adams,   to  which   Mr 
got  into  trouble  with  the  Van  Rensse-    Bennett     was    opposed,    he    retired    in 
1827,   and    Samuel    S.    Conant.    of    Ver- 
~^"     ^  mont,  purchased  an  interest  in  the  con- 

cern with  Snowden,  and  assumed  the 
editorial  management  of  the  paper.  He 
continued  in  that  capacity  for  some 
time  after  the  Advocate  and  Statesman 
was  united  as  one  paper,  under  the  name 
of  the   Morning  Herald. 

Noah,  who  was  a  true  Israelite,  in 
1825  originated  a  magnificent  scheme  fof 
bringing  together  the  scattered  tribes  of 
Israel  and  forming  a  settlement  of  them 
on  Grand  Island.  He  believed  that  the 
Indians  were  the  descendants  of  the 
lost  tribes,  and  he  proposed  founding  a 
city  on  that  island  as  a  nucleus  for  the 
ingathering  of  the  Hebrew  people  and 
the  aborigines  of  America.  The  peculiar 
characteristics  of  the  Red  Men,  their 
features,  hair,  customs,  laws,  religious 
ceremonies  and  tribal  organizations  im-. 
laers,  the  owners  of  the  paper,  and  then  pressed  him  with  the  belief  that  they 
resigned  came  from  the  Jewish  race. 

ADVOCATE  AND  ENQUIRER.  NOAH'S     NATIONAL    ADVOCATE. 

There  seemed  to  have  been  a  neces-    .    When   Noah  quarreled  with   Eckford 


1826  he  started  a  paper  of  his   own 
hich  he  called  the  National  Advocate. 


sity  for  a  new  organ  for  the  Democratic 

party  in  New  York  City  after  the  death  ■   ■      .    c  i.  c    ^i  • 

of  Cheetham  and  the  Citizen  and  the  Wien  enjomed  from  the  use  of  this 
National  Advocate  was  established  in  '"le  5'  the  instance  of  Eckford  and 
1813.  It  was  first  edited  by  Henry  Snowden,  he  changed  its  name  to  Noah  s 
Wheaton  who  became,  in  after  years,  a  New  York  National  Advocate.  Again 
distinguished  diplomat  and  publicist  as  enjoined  he  renamed  his  journal  the 
our  Minister  to   Denmark  and   Prussia,    ^ew   \  ork  Enquirer.     This   paper   wa. 


and  as  the  author  of  "Elements  of  In 
ternational   Law 


merged    with    the    Morning    Courier 
spring  of  1829.    Noah  remained  with 


„,,      ,  ..         „£     Du„.i»   this  publication  until  18.32.     Other  mem- 

Wheaton     was    a    native    of     Rhode   ,^^^/^j  ^^^  ^.      -^     ^  ^ 

Is  and     and     was     educated     a    lawyer.    Watson    Webb,    James    Lawson,    James 
After   he   graduated   he   visited   Europe  '    ■'  -" 

where  he  remained  from  1802  to  1806, 
the  golden  period  of  Napoleon's  career, 
a  close  student  of  the  important  events 
of  those  days.  On  his  return  he  prac- 
tised law  for  a  time  in  Providence,  but 
finally  gave  ur>  the  law  to  become  the 
editor  of  the  National  Advocate  in  New 
York  Citv. 

Mr.  Wheaton's  long  residence  abroad 
had  given  him  peculiar  opportunities  for 
understandinti-  the  controversies  of  the 
day.  Several  tonics  of  international 
law  were  discussed  in  the  columns  of 
the  Advocate  with  an  abilitv  which  fore- 
shadowed his  future  eminence  in  this 
department.  As  a  journalist  Mr.  Whe?- 
ton  enjoved  the  confidence  of  the  ad- 
ministration, and  his  cnlumns  iverp 
sometimes  the  vehicle  of  semi-official 
exposition   of  its  policy. 

In  1815  he  retired  from  the  editorship 
of  the  Advocate  on  being  appointed  one 
of  the  justices  of  the  Marine  Court  of  One  of  thi 
New  York,   a  tribunal  of  limited  juns-  a 

diction,  and  now  shorn  of  much  of  its  Gordon  Bennett,  Prosper  M.  Wetmore 
former  power,  but  which  has  been  pre-  and  James  Gordon  Brooks. 
;sided  over  b"  some  of  the  mn=t  eminent  The  Enquirer  introduced  a  new  fea- 
:men  at  the  New  York  bar.  His  exreri-  ture  in  journalism  in  1827.  In  that  year 
jence  as  editor  o''  the  Advorate  at  that  James  Gordon  Bennett  was  sent  to 
loeculiar  juncture  in  "nr  historv.  ^nd  Washington  as  its  correspondent.  Mr. 
as  a  rer^orter  of  the  United  States  Su-    Bennett   inaugurated    a   new   system   of 


VICTOB  HUG-O, 

doiTLinant   French   writers  of 
former    generation. 


for 


'Umber    of    -vear 


laid  the  foundation  of  that  knr 
and  experience  which  he  embodi»d  in 
his  irre^t  ?nd  valuable  work  on  Inter- 
national Law. 

MORDECAI     NOAH     APPEARS. 

Wheaton    was    succeeded   in    the    edi- 
torial  management  of  the  Advocate  bv 


newspaper  correspondence,  and  m 
March,  1827,  brought  forward  Martin 
Van  Buren  for  the  first  time  as  the 
candidate  for  the  Presidency  to  succeed 
General   Jackson. 

One  of  the  incidents  peculiar  to  the 
editorial  profession  of  that  period  oc' 
curred  in   1828.     William   Graham,   one 


Mordecai     Manasseh     Noah,    who    had   °}  'he  writers  for  the  Enquirer,  wrote 


been  editor  in  1810  of  the  O'tv  Ga- 
in Charleston.  S.  C.  In  1823  No=h 
claimed  to  be  the  onlv  Democratic  edi- 
tor in  New  York,  entirelv  ignoring  the 
American,  edited  by  Charles  King,  an-' 


sketches  of  society  in  New  York  for 
that  paper  under  the  signature  of 
"Howard."  In  one  of  these  essays  he 
made  what  was  supposed  to  be  a  per- 
sonal allusion  to  the  family  of  Edward 


Livingston.  The  matter  was  taken  up 
by  Dr.  Barton,  who  was  afterwards 
Secretary  of  Legation  at  Paris.  One 
'day  he  ran  across  Graham  at  Niblo's 
coffee  house,  then  on  the  corner  of 
Pine  and  William  streets,  and  told  him 
what  he  thought  of  him.  Thereupon 
Graham  struck  Dr.  Barton,  who  im- 
mediately challenged  him  to  a  duel.  The 
challenge  was  accepted. 

A    FAMOUS    nUEL. 

William  Newman,  a  compositor  on  the 
Enquirer,  engaged  a  Whitehall  boat 
which  conveyed  the  principals  to  the 
dueling  grounds  at  Hoboken,  where  they 
met  and  Graham  was  instantly  killed. 
This  affair  created  a  good  deal  of  ex- 
citement and  led  to  the  enactment  by 
'the  Legislature  of  New  York  of  a 
strong  anti-dueling  law,  the  chief  points 
of  which  were  ten  years'  imprisonment 
in  the  States  prison  for  fighting  and 
seven  years  for  sending  a  challenge. 

Noah  in  18.34.  in  company  with  a 
printer  named  Gill,  established  the  New 
York  Evening  Star.  It  became  a  Whig 
organ  and  supported  Williaml  Henry 
Harrison  for  the  Presidency  in  1840. 
In  1841  Noah  was  appointed  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Court  of  Sessions  by  Gov- 
ernor Seward,  and  Avhile  on  the  bench 
he  prosecuted  his  old  associate.  Mir. 
Bennett,  of  the  Herald,  for  libel,  one 
of  the  reporters  of  that  paper  having 
been  too  free  in  his  sketches  of  the 
proceedings  of  that  court,  especially  in 
his   personal   descrpitions. 

For  some  time  Major  Noah  was 
editor  of  the  New  York  Sun  and  of 
the  Morning  Star.  In  1843  he  com- 
menced the  publication  of  a  paper  which 
he  named  Noah's  Weekly  Messenger. 
Shortly  afterward  it  was  consolidated 
with  the  Sunday  Times.  Noah  was  a 
prolific  writer  and  contributed  to  sev- 
eral at  the  same  time.  He  died  March 
22,  1851,  at  the  asje  of  66,  while  editing 
the  Times  and  Messenger. 

THE  RELIGIOUS  PRESS. 

A  few  years  ago  there  was  consider- 
able controversy  as  to  the  origin  of 
religious  newspapers.  Who  first  con- 
ceived the  idea  and  published  the  first 
one?  Morse,  of  the  New  York  Obser- 
ver, and  Willis,  of  the  Boston  Recorder, 
claimed  the  honor.  It  was  finally  agreed 
that  Nathaniel  Willis  was  the  O'rin-inal 
publisher,  and  Morse  the  original  editor 
of  the  Boston  Recorder  and  the  father 
of  "A  Religious  Journal,"  first  published 
in  Tanuarv,  1816. 

The  Watchman  and  Reflector  was  es- 
tablished in  Boston  in  1819,  and  is, 
therefore,  now  nearly  a  century  old. 

The  New  York  Observer  was  the 
third  or  fourth  religious  newsnaper  is- 
sued in'  the  United 'States.  After  Sid- 
ney E.  Morse  left  the  Recorder  he  went 
to  New  Y'ork.  where,  with  his  elder 
brother.  Richard  C.  Morse,  he  started 
the  Observer  in  1820.  They  were  sons 
of  the  Rev.  Jedediah  Morse,  D.D.,  of 
Charlestown.  Mass.,  author  of  the  At- 
las, from  which  the  children  of  the  first 
part  of  the  nineteenth  centurv  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  the  geo,graphv  of  the 
world.  They  were  brothers  of  Profes- 
sor Samuel  F.  B.  Morse,  of  artistic 
and  telegraohic  fame. 

The  Methodists,  having  felt  'the  ne- 
cessity of  having  an  organ,  established 
Zion's  Herald,  in  Boston,  with  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Adam  Wilson,  as  editor.  Dr.  Wil- 
son died  in  Waterville,  Me.,  in  1871. 

The  Christian  Register,  one  of  the 
oracles  of  the  Unitarians,  was  brought 
out  in  1821. 

The  Christian  Intelligencer,  the  organ 
of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  in  New 
York,  was  first  issued  in   1830. 

The  Evangelist,  published  in  New 
York  by  Henry  T.  Field,  is  eighty-one 
years  old.  The  original  idea  of  its  pub- 
lication was  to  establish  an  educational, 
temperance  and  anti-slavery  organ  in 
the  metropolis ;  or,  in  its  own  words, 
"expressly  to  promote  revivals  and  mis- 
sions, temperance  and  other  reforms." 
Joshua  Leavitt  was  then  its  chief  editor. 
LAUNCHING  OF  INDEPENDENT. 

The  Independent  was  started  sixty- 
two  years  ago  as  an  organ  of  the  Con, 


41 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


gregationalists.  Several  merchants,  in- 
cluding S,  B.  Cliitlenden,  S.  B.  and  J. 
Hunt,  and  Bowen  and  McNamee,  fur- 
nished the  means  for  its  organization. 
Originally  it  was  edited  by  the  Rev.   Drs. 


the  benefit  of  his  church  and  people.  Hall,  with  the  National  Advocate,  sup- 
Several  efforts  have  been  made  to  es-  ported  William  H.  Crawford.  It  was 
tablish  dailv  religious  newspapers.  The  this  action  that  severed  the  connection 
New  York  World  was  originally  started  between  the  American  and  the  Demo- 
as  such.  The  early  owners  of  the  Sun  cratic  party.  The  American  was  thence- 
had  it  in  mind  to  turn  it  into  a  religious  forth  a  Whig  and  National  Republican 
newspaper.  paper.     On  Feb.  16,  1845,  it  was  united 

Soon  the  religious  press  became  well  with  the  Courier  and  Enquirer, 
established,  it  entered  the  political  arena  The  American  was  distinguished  for 
and  aided  the  cause  of  the  Republican  ies  neatness,  t^iste.  elegance  and  dignity, 
party,  and  fought  for  the  abolition  of  Its  short  editorial  paragraphs  were  al- 
slavery  with  all  its  gigantic  moral  ways  well-pointed  and  epigrammatic, 
power.  The  New  York  Albion,  an  organ  of 
Another  class  of  religious  papers  is  English  opinion,  was  established  on  the 
represented  by  the  Youth's  Companion,  22d  of  June,  1822.  Its  originator  was 
which  was  established  in  182C,  by  Na-  Dr.  John  S.  Bartlett,  and  Daniel  Fan- 
el  Willis.  They  are  devoted  to  the  shaw   was   the  printer.     It   acquired   an 


opponent.  The  Louisville  editors  were 
continually  exchanging  shots  either  wilh 
the  pen  or  pistol — the  former  often 
leading  to  the  latter.  There  are  nu- 
merous  instances  of  these  personal  en- 


Storrs,  Bacon  and  Thompson.  On  their 
retirement  the  Rev.  Henry  Ward 
Beecher  became  its  editor.  When  he  re- 
tired, Joshua  Leavitt,  Oliver  Johnson 
and  Theodore  Tilton,  in  their  turn,  as- 
sumed editorial  charge  of  the  paper. 

The  early  papers  we  have  mentioned 
are  only  a  small  portion  of  the  religious 
press  of  the  country.  Since  1814-16, 
when  ithc  two  Recorder.';  made  their  ap- 
pearance, the  number  has  rapidly  in- 
creased. They  represent  every  sect  and 
denomination.  Some  have  had  long  and 
glorious  careers,  while  others,  like  hun- 
dreds of  secular  papers,  have  lasted 
nnlv  for  a  day.  At  present  there  are 
1-007  religions  newspapers  published  in 
the  United  States  and  Canada. 

The  Catholic,  Episcopalian,  Metho- 
dist, Jewish.  Mornion,  Spiritualist, 
Swedenborgian  paners  are  numerous, 
able  and  influential,  and  have  thousands 
of  readers  and  believers.  Of  the  Catho- 
lic publications  the  Shamrock  was  the 
first.  Then  came  the  Truth  Teller,  in 
New  York,  in  1820  or  1830,  issued  by 
William  Denman.  Archbishop  Hughes 
states  that  the  lirst  really  Catholic  paper 
was  the  Catholic  Aliscellany.  founded 
in   Charleston,  by   Bishop   England. 


BEBNABD    SHA'W. 

When  the  jMetropolitan  Record  was 
established  as  -the  organ  of  the  Catholic 
Church  in  New  York,  it  was  the  cus- 
tom of  Archbishp  Hughes  to  dictate  an 
article   or   a   sermon  to   its   editor   for 


years  later  Judge  Bouvier  moved  to 
Uniontown  where  he  consolidated  his 
paper  with  the  Genius  of  Liberty,  and 
continued  its  publication  under  the  firm 
of  Bouvier  &  Austin.  It  was  too  early 
fo 


influential   position,  and   was   highly  es- 
teemed by  the  English  residents.  "IPeter 
Simple,"  "Midshipman   Easy,"   and  "Ja- 
phet  in  Search  of  His  Father"  were  first 
introduced     to     the     American     public 
nke'd   f^^ough    the    columns    of    the    Albion. 
This  was  at  a  t.me  when  these  novels, 
republished  by  the  Harpers  and  others, 
were  considered  too  expensive  for  gen- 
eral circulation.     After  Dr.  Bartlett  had 
successfully    managed    the    Albion    for 
many   years,    he   sold   the    establishr 
-ecKiy   newspaper   ^^  ^^y;,,;^^^  y^^^^  y^^^  g    jg4g      ^fter- 
lelegraph.    i'our   ^^^.^  -^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^  j,^^  ^^^^^^  ^j  ^y    ^ 


entertainment  and  the  moral  instruction 
lit  children,  and  also  give  items  of 
tcrcstins  news. 

REPRESENTATIVE     NEWSPAPERS. 
Among  the  ornaments  of  the  profes- 
sion    of 

Judge  John  Bnuvier.  He  was  born  in 
the  south  of  l*"rance.  but  became  a  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States  in  1812.  On 
his   arrival   he   onened   a   printing  office 

in   Brownsville,   Pa.,  and  in  1814  began   ^  ■      ,,^^   ^^,^,   ^^^    establishment 

the   publication    of   a   weekly   newspjiper   ^^  w;ili3,,-n  ^ 
called    th.      ' 


Morrell    and  later  became  the  property 
of  Kinahan  Cornwallis. 

PROVIDENCE  JOURNAL  AT  SO. 

^  It  is  not  often  that  an  editor  lives  to 

independent  press  and  so  the  see  the  golden  anniversai  '  of  the  jour- 
new  paper  was  "conducted  on  the  prin-  nal  he  ushered  into  existence.  Such  a 
ciples  of  pure  democracy."  distinction  belongs  to  William  E.  Rich- 

The   independence    of    the   press    was  mond     who     founded     the     Providence 

talked    about    in    1816.     Judge    Bouvier.  Journal,  published  a  brief  sketch  of  the 

in  the  Telegraph,  on  the  29th  of  May  of  ea.rly   career   of  that  paper  in   its   issue 

that    year,    published    an    article   on   the  of  January  3.  18^0,  which  completed  its 

subiect  fiftieth  year  on  that  day. 

The    most   valuable    newspaper   in    its  The    Journal,    on    its    semi-centennial, 

day    according  to  our  view,  was  Nile's  published  a  facsimile     of  the  first  page 

Weekly  Register,  which  was  established  of  the  first  issue.       It  contained  a  pro- 

in       Baltimore       Sept       7       1811       by  spectus  under  the  head  of     Proposals, 

Hezekiah  Nile's,  an  editor  'of  the  'Salti-  and  f  '^l',^'"^  article  of  several  columns 

more    Evening    Post.     William     Ogden  entitled     Introductorv  Observations.     It 

Niles  'became  associated  with  his  father  «as  then  called  the  ]\4anufacturers    and 

in   1827.     When   the  elder  Niles  retired  Farmers     Journal  _  and    Providence    and 

in    ISRfi    it    was    conducted   by   the    son  Pawtucket  Advertiser.    Its  device  was  a 

till   1848  when   it  suspended  nublication.  JPre?d    eagle    standing    on    an    anchor 

The  Hartford  Times,  which  has  been  holding  a  ."bbon  m  its  beak,  on  which 

a  leading  paper  in  Connecticut  for  manv  ™s^  inscribed    the    motto.      Encourage 

vears,    deserves    a   niche   in    the   hall    of  National  Industry.       On   one  side  were 

journalistic  fame.     It  was  established  as  agricultural    implements ;    on    the   other 

a  weeklv  paner  in  1817,  and  its  first  daily  "jr,  =    °f    ^    =1"P-      ^'^    Publishers    were 


issue  was  brought  out  in  1839.  Its  edi- 
torial corps  has  given  to  two  administra- 
tions a  i-abinef  minister — John  M.  Niles 
and  Gideon  Welles.  Its  founder  and 
principal  nroprietor  wa^:  Alfred  E.  Burr. 

Mr.  Niles.  vdio  had  been  a  printer  in 
the  office  of  the   Courant,  and  a  writer 
of  books    for  bo\-s    becai 
foreman    of    the   Times    ii 
ing  this   period   the   naner   had  bee 
favor   of  tbp   administrations   of    T: 
Monroe.   Tobn   Quincy   .'\dams   and  An 
clr"w  Jackson. 

Thomas  Hart  Benton,  so  well  known 
in  the  opposite  characters  of  bitter  op- 
noiient  and  warm  partisan  of  Andrew 
Jackson,  and  as  United  States  Senator 
from  Missouri,  edited  the  St.  Louis 
Enquirer  in  1816-17.  It  was  the  organ 
of  the  dominant  party  of  that  period. 
When  choc'=n  as  one  of  the  first  Sena- 
tos  from  the  new  State  in  1820.  partiv 
because  of  the  active  part  he  took  in 
I  he  famous  controver'Jv  of  that  exciting 
time,  Benin,,  disnosed  of  the  Enquirer. 
.-Mid  for  thirtv  vears  served  his  State  at 
the  national  'canital.  In  1824  the  En- 
nuirer  passed  into  the  possession  of 
Duff  Green :  and  while  Benton  was 
making  an  effort  to  get  the  Missouri 
Legislature  to  pass  resolutions  in  favor 
of  T-Tenrv  Clav  for  the  nresidency.  Green 
"•.ns  organizing  the  Jackson  party  in 
that   State. 


Miller  &  Hutchen; 

In  1824  the  Indeoendent  Inquirer,  a 
weekly  paper,  which  had  been  started 
the  year  before,  was  transferred  to  the 
Journal,  and  its  name  changed  to  the 
Rhode  Island  Country  Journal,  under 
which  name  it  is  still  published.  On 
,-'d;tor"and  J"'y  ^'  '^^''^  **■  '"'^''^  Tournal  was 
1817.     Dur- 


THE   NEW   YORK  AMERICAN. 

The  New  York  American,  an  evening 
paper,  was  established  bv  Ch.irles  King, 
son  of  Rufus  Kin"  and  Tohnston  Ver- 
nlanclc.  in  1810.  It  was  at  first  a 
Tammany,  or  Bucktail  paper,  and  after- 
"•ard  was  allied  with  the  Van  Bury  Weekly  Review; 
Deinocracv  in  opposition  to  DeWitt 
Clinton.  Ill  1S23  the  American  advo- 
cated John  Qnincv  ^dams  for  the  presi- 
dency,  while  Van  Buren  and  Tammam- 


arted.  and  on  January  2.'i,  1863.  the 
Even-ng  Bulletin  first  saw  the  light. 
The  Daily  National  Gazette  was  es- 
f^  tablished  in  Philadelphia  hi  1820,  taking 
the  name  of  Freneau's  well-known  pa 
per,  which  existed  in  that  city  in  the  lat- 
ter part  of  the  eighteenth  century.  It 
was  published  by  Robert  Walsh  and 
William  Frv.  It  ceased  to  exist  on  Jan- 
uary  1.   1842. 

In  New  York  there  were  no  dailv  na- 
pers  west  of  Albany  until  1826,  when 
the  Rochester  Da'lv  .Advertiser  was  es- 
tablished  on   October  25. 

ADVENT  OF  THE  TELEGRAPH. 

A  paper  called  the  Telegraph,  edited 
hv  Tohn  M.  Muniford.  was  launched  in 
New  York  in  1826,  but  gave  up  the 
ghost  soon  afterward  wh"n  its  editor 
went  to  Europe.  When  Mumford  de- 
turned  he  started  the  Standard,  whirh 
for  a  time  was  the  oro-i„  of  the  Jack- 
son Democracv.  In  18.10  ihe  New  Yo,-k 
Herald,  a  naper  that  had  been  started 
nine  months  previously  by  .'\lanson 
Nash  who,  in  personal  appearance,  was 
Webster's  Dromio.  was  sold  to  Mum- 
ford  and  united  with  the  Standard. 

The  Louisville  Journal,  another  paper 

of    note,   was   established   in    1831.   with 

George  D.  Prentice,  the  noet,  as  editor. 

In    1828    he    edited    the    New    England 

The  Journal  was  dis- 

nguished  for  its  short  editorial  squibs, 
which  were  full  of  point  and  wit. 

The  Journal  was  noted  for  its  satire 
and  abuse.     Prentice  spared  no  political 


counters  on  record.  William  E.  Hughes, 
of  the  Democrat,  once  sent  his  card  to 
the  editor  of  the  Journal.  "Tell  Mr. 
Hughes,"  said  Mr.  Prentice,  "that  I  will 
be  down  as  soon  as  I  load  my  pistols." 

PRENTICE    FIGHTS    A    DUEL. 

In  1858  Reuben  Durrett,  editor  of  the 
Courier,  published  a  paragraph  for  sev- 
eral days,  strongly  insinuating  that  the 
conductor  of  the  Journal  had  fallen 
from  a  gangplank  under  peculiar  cir- 
cumstances. Mr.  Prentice  stated  in  his 
paper  that  if  the  paragraph  again  ap- 
peared he  would  hold  the  editor  of  the 
Courier  personally  responsible.  The 
paragraph  appeared.  Mr.  Prentice  call- 
ed upon  Mr.  Durrett.  They  exchanged 
two  shots,  and  each  editor  had  to  be 
placed  under  the  care  of   surgeons. 

Mr.  Prentice  died  in  1870  at  the  age 
of  sixty-seven  years.  He  was  an  in- 
valid during  the  later  years  of  his  life. 

The  Courier  and  Journal  were  united 
in  1868  and  for  some  time  have  been 
published  under  the  double  name.  It  is 
edited  by  Henry  Watterson,  and  its  old 
reputation  for  wit  and  humor  "hangs 
round  it  still."  One  of  the  correspond- 
ents of  the  Cincinnati  Commercial  in 
1871  interviewed  the  new  editor.  In 
his  story  he  said  ; 

Going    un    two    flights    of    stairs.    I    knocked 


HAI^I^   CAXSH. 

at  the  door  of  Mr.  Henry  Watterson's  room, 
and  was  told  to  come  in.  Mr.  Watterson  is 
tlie  liead  and  front  of  the  Courier-Journal. 
He  is  pai't  owner,  luanasing^  editor,  editor-in- 
cliief,  and  all  that  sort  of  thing.    In  short,  he 


42 


is  the  Courier-Journal.  He  was  bent  over  a 
voluminous  pile  of  manuscript,  working  like 
a  Trojan,  for  he  lives  and  flourishes  by  work. 
I  came  near  saying  that  he  grows  fat  by 
work,  but  this  would  not  be  strictly  true,  as 
he  is  lean  and  slender.  In  stature  he  is  small, 
not  weighing,  I   should  think,   over  a  hundred 


BUI>'X'ARD   EXFI^INCr 

Mr,  Kipling:  stairted  his  newspaper 
career  in  India  and  occasionally 
reverts  'to  it. 
and  twenty-five  pounds.  He  has  the  misfor- 
tune to  be  entirely  blind  in  one  eye,  and  par- 
tially so  in  the  other.  To  see  the  work  that 
he  gets  through  with  in  a  day,  half  blind  as 
he  is,  is  enough  to  make  most  men  with  good 
eyes    ashamed. 

I  had  an  interestin 
Watterson  about  the 
and  present,  in  Louisville.  "I  cla: 
done  some  very  hard  and  ungrateful  work," 
said  he.  "since  I  came  to  Louisville.  When  I 
came  here  I  found  the  press  of  the  city  as 
thoroughly  infected  with  the  prevailing  malady 
of  Southern  journalism  as  it  well  could  be. 
It  either  puffed  everybody  and  everything  be- 
yond reason,  or  it  blackguarded  everybody  and 
everything-  Each  of  tlie  offices  was  stocked 
with  the  riff-raffs  of  deadbeats  and  drunkards." 

"They    were    not    all    deadbeats    and    drunk- 
;  they,  Mr.  Wattei 


"Oh, 


Of 


the 


eptio 


T 

am    speak 

ng  f 

f   them    i 

1   the 

main 

It    was 

th 

time-hor 

ored 

habits  of 

most  c 

f  thei 

;  to  get 

dr 

ink  every 

day 

There  \ 

as  one 

on  the  press 

thf 

on 

:he  press 

now   1 

ho  w 

s  sober 

all 

the   year 
'Who    is 

that? 

nd." 

Walter   Halde 

man.     He 

is    on 

e  of   the   best 

me 

n  in   the 

newspaper  bus 

in  ess   anywhe 

re.     He 

deserves    a 

;real 

deal    from   the 

comn 

Lo 

uisville. 

ind 

much    mo 

e    fro 

1    the 

Demo- 

cratic  party 

than 

he   has  e 

ver  got." 

What  so 

t  ot 

a  set  of 

ourna 

ists  h 

in 

?"   I  inqi 

ired. 

I  don 

t  mean 

the 

Courier 

Jour 

nal    parti 

ularly 

but 

all    the 

We  have 

a   good    s 

et— an 

excell 

ent   set. 

Th 

unkard  or 

the  press  o 

Louis- 

ville,    so    fa 

r    as 

I    know. 

3ur    paper    we 

THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 

le    and  of  the  Express,  and  Jesse  A.   Fell,  of 

mWinE  the    Daily    Whig,    stai:ted   the    Sunday 

""the  CHARLESTON  GAZETTE.  Morning   Atlas.      They    were    not   sup- 

.t.      ,~^    ,             ,c-    r--.    r--.     r-      -»  plied    With    a   surplus   of   industry,    and 

The  Charleston   (i>.  C.)    City  Gazette  believed  that  they  could  get  out  a  paper 

was  a  paper  of  some  note  in  the  early  ^^^^   ^   ^^^^^.   without    great    injury   to 

part    of    the    century       E.    S.    Thomas  ^^eir   health.      The    News   at   this   time 

owned  and  edited  it  for  a  time,     ihen  ^^^^  selling  at  six  cents  a  copv.     These 

iMajor   M.    M.    Noah   had   the   manage-  (^g   disciples   of    Faust   calculated   that 

ment  of  its  columns.     This  was  m  1810.  jf   they  could  publish  a  paper  at  three 

After  Noah  it  was  conducted  by  Will-  ^ents  they  would   obtain  a  large  circu- 

iam  Gilmore  Simms,  the  Southern  poet,  Jation,  and  make  a  lot  of  money  from 

and    author    of    Guy    Rives    and    other  the    advertisements    they    would    carry, 

reputable   works   in   literature.      It    was  Xhe  editorials  were  supplied  gratuitous- 

the  iirst  journal  in  South  Carolina  that  )y  for  a  week  or  two  by  Samuel  J.  Burr 

opposed  the  principle  of  nulHfication,  (one  of  the  editors  of  the  Daily  Whig), 

The  Old  Colonv  Memorial  celebrated  Worthington   G.    Snethen    (formerly   of 

its  fiftieth  anniversary  May  2.  1872.  On  John  Gibson's  True  American,  of  New 

the     10th     of     December,     1822,     seven  Orleans),  and  Frederick  West,  who  is- 

months  after  the  commencement  of  its  sued  the  first  penny  paper  in  Philadel- 

publication,    John    Adams    thus    alluded  phia,   called   the  Transcript,   which  was 

to  the  paper  in  a  letter  to  Elkanah  Wat-  afterwards   merged     with     the     Pubhc 

son :  Ledger. 

^I   hope  you   received  the    Old   Colony   Me-  The    Sunday   Visitor   was    Started   in 

""j'^^'-j?  j"''i;"''wmV  T'tT™,?'  i;=n,?!'r°i,'  18.39.      Its    name    was    changed    to    the 

and     edited    by     William     Ihomas,     t-squire — a     c'       j  ax  lom        t3    ■  j 

paper  which  deserves  to  he  read  and  encour-  Sunday  Mercury  in  1840.  Faige  and 
aged  by  all  America.  .       Nichols   were  the  brains  of   this  estab- 

Among  other  writers  for  the  Memorial    Hshment. 
was  Daniel  Webster.     Adams  no  doubt  j.,rs.j.  penny  Sunday  paper. 

was  a  contributor.  The  first  penny     Sunday    paper     was 

THE  FIRST  SUNDAY  PAPERS.        The   Packet.     John     M.     Moore,     who 

There  were  no  Sunday  papers  prior  seemed  to  revel  in  cheap  papers  and 
to  182.5.  One  hundred  years  after  the  low-priced  advertisements,  was  the 
first  newspaper  was  started  in  New  originator.  It  did  not  live  long  be- 
York  the  Sunday  Courier  was  issued  in  cause  it  was  too  cheap  and  its  advertis- 
that  city.  Although  the  Galaxy  made  ing  rate— one  cent  a  line— was  too  low. 
its  appearance  in  religious  Boston  on  Thaddeus  W.  Meighan,  an  industrious 
Sundav  mornings  as  earlv  as  1834-5,  writer,  started  The  Star,  the  second 
there  was  a  strong  public  sentiment  penny  paper,  in  January,  1842.  Its  price 
against  them  in  the  Northern  States.         was  afterwards  raised  to  two  cents,  but 

The  New  York  Tribune  attempted  to  't  hved  only  eighteen  months, 
issue  a  Sunday  edition  during  the  Re-  Anderson  and  Conway^  two  actors, 
bellion.  but  the  remonstrances  of  sev-  bought  out  the  Sunday  Globe  in  1843. 
eral  of  its  subscribers  stopped  its  issue  It  was  a  star  engagement  only 
after  the  first  attempt.  It  was  once  a  ^  .George  Wilk-es  then  established  the 
Dart  of  the  management  of  the  New  Life  m  New  York.  No  one  knew  life 
York  Journal  of  Commerce  to  have  no  ■"  .^e  metropolis  more  thoroughly  than 
work  done  in  that  establishment  between  Wilkes,  but  his  paper  soon  kicked  the 
12  o'clock  Saturday  night  and  12  o'clock  bucket,  and  with  Enoch  E.  Camp,  he 
Sundav  night.  This  was  probably  the  went  "-^--^  ^  '^^j  ^ati^a  Po  ice  Ga- 
only  daily  citv  newspaper  in  the  coun-  ^?/e-  ./"ef  pubhcations  attracted  con- 
try  having  such  a  rule  of  conduct  at  the  siderable  attention  and  soon  had  a  large 
'. •'  "^  aggregate  circulation. 

'The  first   Sunday  newspaper  that  we    ,  .Jhe   third    Sunday    Courier,   born    in 

iiic   1..0L   ^         J  „!,,,,„  ,.,;j  „,,c    1845,  was  edited  by  Thomas  L.  Nichols, 

have  anyecord  of,  as  we  have  said  was  afterwards  known  as  a  "Water-cure 
the  Sunday  Courier  first  issued  m  182d.  ^^  ^^-  .,  ^„j  ,^^  j^^^^and  of  Mrs. 
It  was  published  by  Joseph  C.  Mel-  ^J^  ^^^^^  ^_.^^^^^  ^  sensation  in  New 
Cher,  at  the  Tontine  coffee  house  on  the  york  at  one  time  by  her  lectures, 
corner  of  Wall  and  Water  streets.  New  j^;^^^,^  ,^^^  ^^^^  ^  ^/  ^^^  ^^  ^^^^ 
York  City.  Thomas  Snowden,  after-  jj^^^,^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^.^^^  ^  ,i^^j 
wards    of    the    National    Advocate    and    jj^^j^  -^  g^^f^,^  ^^„^j  ^^^  Buffalo- 

Courier  and  Enauirer,  was  engaged  in  ^.^^  ^^-^  j^j^^j.  ^  -^^^^^  ^^^  ^„_ 
the  enterprise  Very  curiously  it  was  fortunate,  as  he  got  into  difficulty  and 
edited  by  a  theological  student  named  ^^^  several  libel  suits  brought  against 
William  Hill.  jij^ 

The  Telegraph  was  the  next  paoer  of  „,„_!,  -c-  i-ui?  ciiiur.Av  -i-imirc 
this  class.  It  did  not  long  survive  its  BIRTH  OF  THE  SUNDAY  TIMES. 
Iiirth  The  Sunday  Morning  News  was  The  Sunday  Times  was  next  estab- 
the  next  in  order.  Samuel  Jenks  Smith  lished  by  John  Dillon  and  John  M. 
was  its  publisher  and  editor.  It  came  Moore.  John  Hooper,  the  advertising 
nut  shortly  after  the  cholera  panic  of  agent,  was  also  connected  with  the 
18-32  Tohn  Howard  Pavne.  of  "Home,  paper.  For  a  time  they  published  a 
Sweet  Home"  who  had  edited  a  little  small  evening  paper  called  the  Tattler, 
paper  called  the  Thespian  when  he  was  Wdliam  J.  Snelling.  of  Boston  ^yrote 
fourteen  years  old,  was  associated  with  for  the  Times  Major  M.  M.  Noah,  as 
g^-ijt],  we  have  already  said,  united  his  Weekly 

HOW    DPAPER    ANNOYEn    BENNETT.  Messenger  with  the  Times,  and  at  length 

Warren    Draper,   who   had  been    con-   became   its  responsible  editor 
n-cted  with  the  Shipping  List  and  Prices    .    ^^'i'l^^unday  Dispatch  made  its  debut 
Current,  and  afterwards  started  a  paper   ■"  .JS^,  with  Amor  J.  W.lhanison  and 
.•ailed    the    Evening    Herald    to    annoy   Wdham    Burns,    as   the    publishers    and 
lames  Gordon  Bennett,  edited  the  News    editors.  .      _      ,        „       .  ... 

after  the  retirement  of  Smith.     Charles       The    fourth    Sunday    Courier,    which 
M'Lacklin,  of  the  Evenincr  Mirror,  and    ll^^^brought  ?"i.'"  l^'^^t:^'?!  .P"''-l;i'l!!! 
Georee  G.  Foster,  the  "Citv  Items" 
the  Tribune,  were  also  writers  fc 


shooting  a  canvas-back  on  the  Dela- 
ware, to  the  capture  of  a  Buffalo  on  the 
prairies. 

"The  Tall  Son  of  York,"  as  he  was 
familiarly  called,  became  the  most  gen- 
ial of  companions,  and  suffered  thereby. 


W.  T.  STEAD, 

One  ot  the  World's  best  known  Jour- 
nalist who  went  down  on  the  ill- 
fated  Titanic, 
but  he  made  the  Spirit  of  the  Times  an 
oracle  in  the  sporting  world.  Owing  to 
some  differences  that  arose.  Colonel 
Porter  left  the  Spirit  of  the  Times  in 
1853  or  1854,  and,  in  company  with 
George  Wilkes,  established  what  was 
known  for  some  time  as  Porter's  Spirit 
of  the  Times,  and  which  continued  ta 
keep  up  the  character  of  sporting  jour- 
nalism. When  Colonel  Porter  died  in 
18.58,  the  paper  passed  into  the  hands  of 
Mr.  Wilkes. 

Another  paper  of  this  class,  the  New 
York  Clipper,  was  started  in  New  York 
about  1853.  The  Clipper  is  a  large 
quarto,  handsomely  made  up  and 
printed.  It  has  the  additional  title  of 
the  Oldest  American  Sporting  and  The- 
atrical Journal,  but  the  Spirit  of  the 
Times  was  more  than  twenty  years  its 
senior. 

CLASS  PUBLICATIONS. 

Class  publications  occupy  an  impor- 
tant field,  and  have  a  special  value.  Their 
individual  circulations  are  not  large,  as 


by   Smith.   Adams     &     Smith:      Harry 
Franco   Briggs    and  John   E.    Durivage 


if   Russell    Jarvis,    of   the   Philadelphia 
Public  Ledger,  by  whom  its  day  of  pub- 


Other  Sunday  papers  published  in- 
cluded the  Sunday  Bulletin,  Sunday  Gal- 
axy,   Sunday    Chronicle  _  and     Sporting 


,.     ^.  ,  ,     r  c      ,i«       *.,    axy,    ^unuav    v_iiioiiiuic      tiuu      opuiiiiig 

hcation    was    changed    from    Sunday   to   ^^^-^^^  Sunday     Reflector,      Sunday 

Saturday.     Then  it  died.  _  ^t„T.,=    ^r   F.-tra     <;„r„Ia„    Era     .S„ndav 


ier   was    estab- 


News.   or   Extra,    Sunday    Era,    Sunday 


i^bv  John    Age  and   Sunday  Leader 


SIB    A.    CONAN    DOTXiE, 

One  ot  the  English  writers  who  ha,s  had 

an  extensive  newspaper  experience, 
have  got  a  lot  of  young  fellows,  boys  picked 
up  at  random,  and  out  of  the  composing  room. 
They  are  all  sober,  and  they,  together  with 
those  at  work  on  other  papers  in  the  city, 
would  compare  with  the  employes  of  any  bank 

fession  ir 


Another  Sundav  Co 
lished  in  1834.  It  was 
Tryon.  who  afterwards  liecame  knowt 
as  a  reporter  on  the  Express,  and  as  ; 
writer  of  notices,  bills  and  advertise 
ments  for  the  exten.sive  circus  com 
nanies      and      menai^eries 

Welsh  and  Colonel  Mann      , —      .    . 

don  Bennett  owned  the  Courier  at  one  Porter  became  widely  known  through- 
time  and  we  have  read  many  of  his  out  the  country  as  a  judge  of  horses 
short  and  sharp  paragraphs  in  the  old  and  stock  of  all  sorts,  riis  opinion  was 
filp  of  that  oaper  sought  by  everyone  interested  m  sports. 

In  1838,  two  printers,  Anson  Herrick,     from   catching  a   trout  with   a   fly   and 

43 


THE  SPORTING  PRESS. 

William  T.  Porter,  a  printer  in  New 
York,  established  the  Spirit  of  the  Times 
in  1831.  It  was  the  Bell's  Life  of  Amer- 
f  Colonel  ica  and  it  was  the  first  weekly  sporting 
Tames  Gor-    paper    published    in    the   United    States. 


HUXnEI.    WEBSTEB, 

Statesman  and  literateur  wliose  articles 

in  the  daily  and  'periodical  press 

were    favorites. 

their  readers  are  necessarily  limited  to 
those  who  have  a  particular  interest  in 
it.  Because  these  papers  specialize  on 
different  subjects  they  can  give  more 
information  on  the  subjects  or  what 
they  treat  than  the  general  newspaper 
can.  It  may  be  impossible  for  a  daily 
paper   to  give  within   its  limited   space 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


all  lliat  might  be  said  upon  science,  valuable  guide  to  the  traveler.  It  had  was  edited  till  1848  by  Jdseph  Tinker  of  the  paper.  What  manner  of  man  he 
fashion,  politics,  history,  philosophy,  a  peculiarly  plain  headline  for  its  title,  Buckingham,  one  of  the  best  known  edi-  was  may  be  seen  in  an  extract  of  a  let- 
litcratu're,  theaters,  art,  music,  sporting,  and  was  known  as  the  American  Trav-  tors  of  New  England.  He  had  also  tcr  he  wrote  to  John  Neal,  editor  of 
yachting,'  inventions,  discoveries,  relig-  cler.  Its  editor  was  Royal  L.  Porter,  editorial  charge  of  the  New  England  the  Yankee,  which  appeared  in  that  pa- 
ion,  Uw,  poetry,  agriculture,  trade.  The  first  number  was  issued  on  the  1st  Galaxy  and  New  England  Magazine.  In  per  on  the  20th  of  August,  1828,  nearly 
finance,  morals,  education.  The  news  of  January.  182,''.  Another  paper  had  addition  to  his  editorial  labors,  Mr.  two  years  and  a  half  before  the  issue 
events  in  these' several  fields  are  given  been  previously  published  under  the  Buckingham  gave  the  public  and  the  of  the  Liberator.  This  is  the  extract: 
but  the    elaborate   and   scientific   details    name    of    the    Stage    Register.     It    was  profession    his    "Reminiscenqes,"    which  i  have  only  to  repeal,  witl.out  vanity,  what 

like  the  railroad  guide  of  to-daj— hlled  ranks  with  "Thomas's  Histor,y  of  Print-   1  .tleclaied    publicly    ' 

with   two  and  three  columns   of   adver-  ing"  in  this  country.  ^ 

tisemeiits   of   stage   lines   in  the    United  One   feature  of  the   Couri 

States,  just  as  our  newspapers  are  no 


cijn  only  be  found  in  the  class  papers, 
wihcre  each  particular  interest  can  learn 
all  that  has  been  developed,  the  article 
be'ing  frequently  illustrated  with  su- 
ptrior  engravings 
LAST  CENTURY  BOSTON  PAPERS. 


was  the 
information    it   gave    to    farmers    every 


(and  I  think  lie 
t,  if  mv  life  uere 
day    be   l<no«n    so 


forget 


railroad    Saturday    morning    under    the    head    of 


"Geoponics."  The  matter  w^s  very  use- 
ful and  valuable,  audi  materially  as- 
sisted in  making  farming  attractive. 

One  of  the  most  fascinating  writers 
for  the  Courier  was  Louisa  Maria  Child. 
Her  charming  letters  from  New  York 
were  fine  specimens  of  newspaper  cor- 
respondence. She  immortalized  Ole 
Bull  in  these  letters  on  his  first  visit 
to  the  LInited  States  She  was  ,one  of 
ihe  leading  editors  of  the  Anti-Sla-\'cry 
Standard  in  1843.  Tlie  Courier'  is  now 
a  weekly  paper. 

THE  BOSTON  TRANSCRIPT. 


irophc 


Tlu 


flashing  eye 
ask    may    be 


ry;  and  known, 
I  speak  in  the 
n-glory- 


Rlo 


of   tbc 


jNew  England  could  always  boast  of 
her  newspapers  as  she  was  the  mother 
o|  many  of  them  in  America.  They 
wjere  always  well  edited ;  always  neatly 
pointed,  and  always  had  faith  in  Bos- 
toin.  Augusta,  Concord,  Montpelier, 
Hartford.  Providence  have  done  well, 
arid  are  respected  as  capitals  of  their  re- 
.■ipective  States,  but  Boston  stands 
.-il^ove  them  all  in  the  estimation  of 
c\lcry  New  Englander.  The  news- 
pipers  of  Boston,  therefore,  are  the 
newspapers  l^ar  excellence  of  New  Eng- 
lajid.  The  Springfield  Republican  and 
oliher  jonrnals  are  influential,  and  as 
pcftent,  prohabl}',  as  the  metropolitan 
papers,  but  not  in  the  same  districts 
aijd  in  the  same  way.  These  journals 
h^ve  an  individuality  and  an  enterprise 
of' their  own- that  has  kept  them  in  the 
favor  of  their  readers. 

The  first  successful  daily  paper  issued 
in  New  England  was  the  Boston  Daily 
Advertiser,  the  publication  of  which 
began  March  .S,  1813.  and  reached  the 
century  mark  just  six  weeks  ago.  A 
second  daily  paper,  called  the  Federal 
Gazette     and     Daily     Advertiser,     was 

started    in    that    cit'y    Oct.    0,    1796,    by    of  the  numerous  trains,  to  every  section 
Alexander   Martin,  "and   edited  by  John    and  corner  of  the  Union. 

O'Lev  Burke,  one  of  the  "United  Irish-  These  two  pubbcations  were  very  ^  ^^^^  ^^^  __^^^^^  ^^ 
men,"  but  it  lived  only  six  months.  An-  properly  consolidated,  and  the  same  sort  jg^^  Dr  Joseph  Pah 
other  was  attempted  on  Jan.  1,  1798.  by   of  advertisements  with,  the  old  lamihar   j^^^.   ^^j^^^.  j;,^;^,  Mr 


biog: 

Immed'ate  emancipation  was  the  prin- 
ciple  on  wdiich   Garrison   conductetl   the 
Liberator.  Such  was  the  cf^fect  produced 
by  the  circulation  of  this  paper  that  the 
legislature  of  Mississippi,  bv  special  en- 
actment, offered  a  reward  of  $r>,000   for 
the    arrest    of    and    prosecution    of    any 
person   who    should   be    detected    in   the 
circulation    of     the     Liberator     in    that 
State.     Several  other  States  adopted  the 
same  policy  of  suppression.    The  Eman- 
cipator,   issued    in    New    York,    was   in- 
The  Boston  Transcript,  the  paper  for    dieted      in      Alabama,      and      Governor 
the  tea-table  before  late  dinners  became    Gayle,  of  that   State,  actually  sent  on  a 
a  business  and  social  necessity,  was  es-   requisitirm  tri  rin\crnnr  Marcy,  of  New 
tahlished   in   Jul_v,   18.30,   by   Dutton  and   York,   for  the  surrender  of  R.  J.  Will- 
\Ventworth.    two    excellent   printers  and   iarns, -  its   iniblisher,     Mr.    Williams   was 
pleasant  gentlemen,  who  were  the  State   not 'considered    a    fugitive    from   justice 
printers.     Mr.   Dutton   was    foreman   ol    Ijy  the   Governor  of   New  York. 
Wells    &    Lilly's    printing    office    when 


TSACKERAV. 


Tames  Gordon  Bennett  was  proofreader 
there  in  1819-1820.  The  Transcript  was 
remarkable  for  its  neat  typographical 
appearance.  It  was  small,  always  clean 
in  appearance,  and  was  a  general  favor- 
ite in  the  family  circle.  It  was  lively, 
without  any  large  pretensions  to  enter- 
prise, always  carefully  edited,  and 
profitably  patronized. 

The  first  editor  of  the  Transcript  was 
Lynde  _M.    Walter^  who    died    July    24. 
'     :r.  who  was  act- 
Walter's   illness. 


BIG    PURSE    FOR    G.XRRISON. 

The  Liberator  was  managed  with 
great  energy  and  boldness  from  its  com- 
mencement till  the  emancipation  of  the 
4.000,000  of  slaves  in  the  United  States 
w-as  an  accomplished  fact. 

The  friends  of  Garrison,  in  Europe 
and  America,  in  consideration  of  his 
services  towards  emancipation,  sub- 
scribed $-31,000.  which  thev  present  to 
him  in  1868. 


The   Daily 


sented  the  third   attempt  to  establish  a       When  the  Traveller  was  issued  as  a   jy-j^j.  (^^^^^\\^  m    Walter,  assumed  ed 
daily    paper    in    the    capital    of    Massa-    daily    all   the   papers   then   published   in    ^q^;j,i     charge    of    the    Transcript 
chusetts.     It   was  published  by   William    Boston,  with  the  exception  of  the  Mail  


Beals  and  Greene  as  the  publishers,  and 

Charles    Gordon    Greene    as    editor.     It 

anaged  the  in^llectaari;p:r;m;nt";f   "^^/^-^I!,'-™  ±°f' """^^  P^lSf 


its  editor  for  a  number  of  years. 

THE    BOSTON    LIBERATOR. 

The  Boston  Liberator  was  one  of  the 
remarkable  papers  of  its   day.     All  the 


ds  of 
ears,  and 
was  then  handed  down  to  the  sons  of 
the  original  proprietors.  It  is  now 
owned  and  edited  by  E.  A.  Grozier,  once 
one   of   Joseph    Pulitzer's   able    lieuten- 


W.    Clapp.   afterwards   of  the   Saturday   and   Times,   were   sixpenny   sheets,   and    t,^^,  jg   ^\^^   satisfaction   of   every    .^  T^e    Post   remained   in    the  h 

Evening    Gazette,    and    was    edited    by    were  too  respectable  to  be  sold  in  the  Subsequently    Epes    Sargent    was   Beals  and  Greene  tor  many  ye; 

Horatio   Biglow.  streets  by  the  newsboys.    The  Traveller  '    ■  ■  "'-  ^^-"   '— 1-'   ^'""'"   t"   'l^" 

Biglow  conducted  the  paper  until  was  started  as  a  two  cent  paper,  and 
April  6,  1814.  wdien  he  journeyed  to  was  not  sold  on  the  streets  at  first,  be- 
New  York  and  became  the  editor  of  the  cause  of  the  prevailing  dignity  of  the 
American  Monthly  Magr..^ine  and  Criti-  press  in  the  modern  .Athens.  When 
cal  Review  in  1817.  Nathan  Hale,  a  General  Taylor  was  nominated  for  the 
nephew  of  "the  patriot  spy  of  the  Presidency,  Daniel  Webster  did  not  en- 
Revolution."  after  whom  he  was  named,  ter  the  campaign  with  his  usual  en- 
assumed  the  editorial  management-  of  thusiasm.  It  was,  however,  announced 
the  .\dvertiscr.  April  7.  1814,  Mr.  Clapp  one  day  in  August,  1848,  that  it  was  the 
continuing  as  the  publisher.  Its  sub-  intention  of  the  constitutional  expounder 
head  w-as  then  Repertory  and  Daily  to  have  a  talk  with  his  neighbors  at 
.|dvertiser.  Subsequentlv  the  Repertory  Marshfield  on  the  political  issues  of  the 
was  dropped.  '  day.      Worthington,    the    editor    of    the 

'  AN    E-NTERPRisiNG    EDITOR.  Traveller,      immediately     engaged     Dr 

James  W.  Stone,  the  stenographer,  and 

started,  for    that    charming   and    classic 

spot.       Webster     delivered     his     great 

speech,  in  which  he  uttered,  in  his  most 

the  ^rr  int™;^;;  -p!-!-,-]!.'™^!;"!'- "r"^:,,!'^?^! 


'  Mr.  Hale  entered  upon  his  duties  with 
a  full  appreciation  of  the  responsibilities 
of  an  editor.  Moreover  he  was  wide 
awake  and  full  of  journalistic  enter 
prise.     He 

stearn    power-presses    in    New    England 
as   Walter,   of   the   London   Times 
the  first  to  introduce  them  in  Old  Eng 
land.     With   William  Tudo 


■memorable  but  useless  words  about  the 
nomination  of  General  Taylor:  "It  -  ..s 
one  not  fit  to  be  made.    No,  my  friends. 


and  a  f;^   -'  «'  '°  ^-  '-'^'=' 


THE    GREAT    WEBSTER    BEAT. 

Worthington  and  Stone  returned  by 
express  to  Boston,  and  the  next  morn- 
ing a  complete  report  of  Webster's 
appeared  in  an  Extra  Traveller,  cop- 
ies of  which  were  sold  on  the  streets 
the  ragged  and  rugged  newsboys  of 


The  organ  of  the  Whig  party  in 
New  England,  in  its  days  of  vigor,  was 
the  Boston  Atlas,  which  was  established 
by  John  H.  Eastburn  on  July  2.  1832. 
Mr.  Eastburn  was  long  and  favorably 
known   as   the   City   Printer   of    Boston. 

Eastburn  imported  -Major  Haughton, 
of  the  Journal  of  Cnmmerce  from  New- 
York  at  a  salary  ,.f  ?Siin  |k-v  annum  to 
manaae  the  editorial 'iiarl  of  the  paper. 
It  was  the  Atlas  thai  originally  estab- 
lished horse  and  railroad  expresses  to 
bring  to  the  city  the  results  of  the  elec- 
t.'on  in  the  Massachusetts  towns  for 
publication  on  the  morning  after  elec- 
tion. There  were  very  few  railroads 
then. 

Eastburn,  having  the  city  printing  on 
his    hands,    disposed    of   his    interest    in 


Atlas 


the 


iit  occasions. 


DAHTE. 

vorld    recognized    it    as    the 


Haueh-! 
ricd    on    the    estaidishnienl    aln 
continued    his    ciUcrpi-ise    and 
presses  on  all 

THE   BOSTON'    .IOURNAI-. 

One  of  Boston's  leading  papers  is  the 
Boston  Daily  Journal,  which  was  estab- 
lished in  1833  by  Ford  and  Damrell.  Its 
editor  was  John  S.  Sleeper.  It  strug- 
gled along  for  several  }'ears  with  indif- 
an    of    ferent  success.  Indeed,  in  1837.  its  finan- 


dthers,  Mr.  Hale  was  also  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  North  American  Re- 
view in  181-1.  and  of  the  Christian  Ex- 
aminer at  a  later  period. 

The  Advertiser  has  absorbed  a  num- 
ber  of    newspapers    which   were   promi- 
nent and  influential  in  their  day,  as  these    .     .._  .   „„  ~~       . 
pages   testify,   but   it   still   maintains    its    Boston    for  the   first   time   in   the   city' 
own   individuality.                                           history.    The  innovation  caught  the  town 

The  Advertiser  is  now  spoken  of   as    and  thousands  of  copies  were  sold      A       ____    -     -„         -  .,_-.,.,  ,.  .  ,      ,        ,,      r^ 

the  "respectable  daily"  of  Boston,  and  copy  was  sent  especially  to  the  New  Abolitionism  in  the  United  Slates.  It  cial  condition  was  such  that  Mr.  Uam- 
is  the  organ  of  Harvard  College.  It  York  Herald,  which  reproduced  it.  Thus  was  better  known  as  Garrison's  Libera-  rell  deemed  it  his  duty  to  withdraw 
never  admits  anything  offensive  to  the  speech  was  spread  over  the  Union,  tor.  Its  publication  was  commenced  on  from  the  concern.  In  1841  the  paper 
State  street  or  Beacon  street  or  the  to  the  delight  of  the  Democrats  and  the  the  first  of  January.  1S:!1,  and  for  thir-  passed  into  the  hands  of  Sleeper,  Dix 
illiiraination'  of  old  Harvard  '  In  old  disgust  of  the  Taylor  Whigs.  But  Old  ty-four  years  it  lulminaled  again.st  the  and  Rogers.  The  new  ovvners  infused 
times  it  never  sought  an  advertisement    Zach   was   elected.  institution  of  slavery    m  spite  of  perse-   some  life  and  energy  into  the  enterprise, 

or  a  subscriber  by  personal  application,  About  six  months  ago  the  Traveller  cution,  tar  and  feathers,  denunciation  which  soon  began  to  have  its  effect  in 
be-ause  it  regarded  such  a  procedure  was  consolidated  with  the  Boston  rewards  for  its  editor  s  bead,  threatened  its  financial  exhibit  and  in  Hs  reading 
as\mdiBnified  Herald.  :   ■*"  assassination,  hanging  in  efllgy,  assaults,   columns.  ,  ,- 

There  was  a  paper  printed  in  Boston        The  Boston  Courier,  for  a  long  time    and   mobs,   from   which   the   bold  editor       Captain    Sleeper,    who    was    the    edi- 
eighty-eight   years   ago    that   was   inter-    one  of  the  chief  Wh^ig  pape^rs  ^of  ^Bos-    barely    escaped   with^  '",\ '',„.;, 
esting    and     entertaining. 


1--1 ■    -■ - ■>     r--  -  William    tor,    wrote    a    series    of    sea    tales   over 

ad'"'was  "'a   ton,  was' 'establish e'd'  ']\Iar'ch  2,"  1824.     It    Lloyd    Garrison    was    the    master    spirit   the  signature   of  "Hawser  Martingale," 


44 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


THE 

PUBLIC  LEDGER 

A  NATIONAL  NEWSPAPER 
PHILADELPHIA 


FOR  seventy-seven  years  the  Public  Ledger  has  been  an 
institution  that  could  not  be  supplanted  in  Philadelphia 
family  life,  and  to  generations  of  Pennsylvanians,  it  has 
been  an  inspiration;  and  is  stronger  today  than  ever. 

Since  January  first  the  Public  Ledger  has  been  vastly  im- 
pro\^ed  and  expanded.  The  Editorial  and  News  Staffs  are  being 
re-organized,  and  as  the  new  mechanical  facilities  now  under  way 
permit  further  expansion,  they  will  be  augmented  with  the 
strongest  journalists  and  best  talent  procurable  in  America. 

The  dominant  new  features  in  the  enlarged  Public  Ledger  are: 

C  (a.)  A  broader  National  appeal;  the  recognition  that  America  should 
have  one  newspaper  where  the  news  and  life  in  all  sections  of  the  great 
country  should  be  reported,  in  a  news  service  that  has  never  before  been 
attempted. 

C  (b.)  A  more  comprehensible  treatment  than  is  usually  accorded  in  any 
newspaper  of  the  farm  life  of  its  section,  the  aspirations  and  aims  of  the 
practical  tillers  of  the  soil;  of  the  propagation  of  civic  ideals  in  City  Plan- 
ning, City  Building  and  the  homes  of  its  citizens;  of  the  intimate  social 
and  personal  life  of  the  community,  as  well  as  its  commercial,  industrial 
and  religious  activities;  also  a  mirror  of  the  life  of  the  country  adjacent 
to  Philadelphia — in  fact, 

A  NATIONAL  NEWSPAPER  IN  ITS  LARGEST  SENSE,  RELIABLE,  CONSER^  ATIVE, 
TRUTHFUL,  ACCURATE,  COMPREHENSIVE,  A  JUST  INTERPRETER  AND  A  SOUND 
COUNSELLOR.  AMERICAN  NEWSPAPER  MEN  BY  WATCHING  THE  PUBLIC  LEDGER 
WILL   SEE   THE    DE\ELOPMENT   OE   THE   AMERICAN   NATIONAL   NEWSPAPER. 

THE  PUBLIC  LEDGER— A  NATIONAL  NEWSPAPER 

PHILADELPHIA  •  PENNSYLVANIA 


45 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 

which  greatly  increased  the  circulation    named   John   Hampden   were   imported   the  city,  male  or  female,  that  may  not  be  able    sailine    oackets    first    annearprf    in    tinp 
of   the   Journal,   and   added   interest   to    from    England,    and   ran    with    a    small    to,  say,  "Well,  I  have  got  a  paper  of  my  own    „i„S   ^^^!^aL.?cJl^.^A..  v"._'"^ 


ly   ni 
Wil 


busy 


doing 


"grace  befon 


its  pages.     The  Journal     has     changed  fain  from  Albany  to  Schenectady  over 

owners  many  times.     Frank  A.  Munsey  the      Mohawk     &     Hudson      Railroad. 

was  one  of  its  recent  publishers.     The  Twelve    passengers,    including   Thurlow 

present  owner  is  Matthew  Hale.  Weed,  who  represented  the  Fress,  were    pubiic""'«'i'th  "oe?! 

When  the  Journal  was  once  managed  conveyed  on  this  first  steam  passenger    capaci'ty  to  pJbli: 

by  an  association,   its  chief  editor  then  train.     Newspapers  till  this  time  had  to    pall  on  the  appet 

was  Stephen  N.   Stockwell,     who     was  rely   upon  the  old  stages,   coadhes   and   atid'^pi^rpo^^s"^™ 

connected  with  the  paper   for  a  quarter  post  riders  for  the  distribution  of  their    iierald. 

of   a   century   or    more.     Webster    and  papers, 

Choate  praised  him.  Over    two    years    elapsed    after    the    suspension  mentioned7 thelecond  num 

Ihere  are  other  papers  of  talent  and  opening  of  the  two  railroads  mentioned 

tact   in   Boston.     Several  are  of  recent  before    another    road    was    opened    to 

origin.     The  Herald  has  been  since  the  newspapers  and  traffic. 

days  of  the  se_date  William  B.  English,  -p,,^.    j-^^^j    j^^^^.    ^j   ^,,g    herald 

neatly  printed  on  sheets  ten  by  tourteen 
inches  m  size.  Twelve  columns  of  read- 
ing matter  and  four  columns  of  adver- 
tisements filled  this  number. 

The  editor   introduced  the  first  num- 
ber with  the  following  unique  announce- 

from  1833.    There  were  small  and  cheap  nient  of  his  purposes  and  intentions.     It 

papers   published  in   Boston  and    Phila-  was  his  declaration  of  independence  and 

delphia  before  and  about  that  time.   The  the  platform  of  his  journalistic  princi- 

idea    came    from   the  Illustrated   Penny  pies; 
Magazine,  issued  in  London  in  1830. 

On    Tuesday,    the    3d    of    September,  James  Gordon  Bennett  Si  Co, 
1833,  the  first  number  of  the  New  York 
Sun  was  issued  by  Benjamin  H.  Day,  a 
printer. 

It  sold  for  one  cent  and  continued  to 
sell   at   that   price   per   copy    for    thirty 

years,  or  till  the  rebellion ;  then  the  Sun  thankfully 

was  doubled  in  price.  mornLg— t'hi 

Shortly   after   the   appearance   of    the  taking  place 

Sun,  the  New  York  Daily  Bee  was  es-  t™<:.  and  opportunity 

tablished  by  John  Lemuel  Kingsley,  but  ,fo"'"oJ  "/ife^ 

it  did  not  long  survive  the  perils  of  the  patrons  to  furnish  correctly  thi 

early  penny  press.  residences.     It  will  then 

The  New  York  Transcript  came  next  ^"i^ '^|    '  '        ' 


one  of  New  England's  best  papers.  On 
March  4,  1872,  the  Globe  was  inaugu- 
rated. 

BIRTH  OF  ONE  CENT  DAILY. 

NEW     YORK    NEWSPAPERS. 

The    Penny    Press   of   America   dates 


James  Gordon   Benn 
norning      the      publication      of      the     M 
Herald,   a   new   daily   paper,   price   $3   pe 
)r    si,x    cents    per    week,    advertising    at 
jrdinary   rates.      It  is  issued  from  the  publ 
ng    office.    No.    20    Wall   street,    and   all 


as   a  one   cent  paper.      It   made  its  ap-    the  present 
pearance  in  1834.  and  in  one  year  it  had    much.     "We    know," 
'    ■•  '  ..  ^    .      ^  "what  we  are,  but  kn 

Pledges 


Herald,  Its  fleet  of  pilot-boats  became 
known  as  the  Teaser,  the  Celeste,  the 
Tom  Bo.xer,  but  the  Teaser  was  the 
famous  name  in  every  newspaper  office. 
When  the  little  steamer  Sirius  crossed 
the  Atlantic  and  anchored  oflf  the  Bat- 
tery, in  New  York  Harbor,  early  on  the 
beautiful  morning  of  April  23,  1838,  fol- 
lowed a  few  hours  after  by  the  Great 
On  the  11th  of  May,  after  the  short  Western,  not  only  New  York,  but  the 
whole  country,  was  thrown  into  a 
delirium  of  excitement.  -Ml  the  news- 
papers partook  of  the  popular  sensation. 
It  was  only  equaled  by  the  laying  of  the 
Atlantic  Cable,  in  18G6.  The  New  York 
Herald  was  buoyant  on  the  topic.  Its 
editor  immediately  seized  the  opportun- 
ity to  enlarge  his  enterprise.  On  the 
1st  of  May  he  left  New  York,  on  the 
return  trip  of  the  Sirius,  to  make  ex- 
tensive arra-gements  for  correspond- 
ence from  the  news  centers  of  Europe. 
With  the  increase  of  steamshio  lines  the 
European  arrangemeents  of  the  Herald 
were  improved  and  enlarged,  the  cele- 
brated Dionysius  Lardner  at  one  time 
having  charge  of  the  bureau  in  Paris. 
It  was  in  the  spring  of  1839  that  the 
Herald  undertook  to  report  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  religious  anniversary 
meetings  annually  held  in  New  York 
City.  These  large  religious  societies 
had  met  in  that  city  for  years,  but  their 
doings,  so  far  as  the  public  were  con- 
cerned, were  only  to  be  found  in  their 
annual  reports,  printed  by  the  societies, 
of  limited  circulation,  and  which  gave 
the  public  only  the  financial  exhibit  of 
each. 

„..   ^...,..p.,o^   „.     >„ .   r— —  >•   -'    ".-    ..V...V.     -..        Spreading       the       leading       sermons, 

necessary   to   say    Street,   in   the   E.xchange,   in   the   police    Pr^^ched  on  Sunday  to  a  few  hundreds 


/ill  be  issued  on  Monday 

suspension      necessarily 

r    to    give    the    publishers 

to  arrange  the  routes  of 

general  system   of  d: 


CHRISTOFHEB    COI^UMBTJS. 


her    of    the    Morning   Herald    appeared. 

The    editor    then    promised    to    "give   a 

of    correct   picture   of   the    world — in   Wall 


a  circulation  as  large  as  that  of  the  Sun 
On  the  24th  of  July,  1839,  the  Transcript 
died,  and  for  a  quarter  of  a  century 
after  this  Billings  Hayward,  one  of  its 
proprietors,  was  employed  in  the  com- 
position rooms  of  the  Herald. 

There  was  only  one  paper  that  was 
ever  regularly  published  at  a  cheaper 
rate  than  these  pennv  papers ;  that  paper    catch  the  publ; 

W3C  tbp  New  YnrV  'ritiTPn        Tf  i^rac  tVtp     understood  on  this  point,  and  therefo 

was  tne  i\ew   lorh  i^itizen.     it  was  tne    ^i„,,;„   ^j,,   s,eei.traps,  all  principle. 


office,   at   the    theatre,    in   the   opera, 


n    the   churches,    before   a   large    audi- 


says    the    fair     Ophelis 

'  ta' thS  "InUgYten^ed    shorT,  wherever"hum~'an"nat'ure"and""'reai    ^^'^^   °4-, '■'^°",^^"''^'   "'^^   ^   P^'''   °*   *^ 
actly  so  current  ii,  the  worW    life     best     displays     their     freaks     and    ?'^"-„.,    "^  "^P  ^^^  carried  into  effect 


S.  Ba 


jiy 


as  Safety-Fund  Notes,  or  even  the  U. 
Bills.      We    have   had    an    experience    of 
fifteen    years    in    conducting    newspaper 
that  score    we    can   not   surely   fail  in   knowm] 
at    least    how    to    build    up    a    reputation    an( 
establishment    of    our    own.      In    debuts   of   thi 
kind  many  talk  of  principle — political  principl 
party 


perfectly 


discia 


organ  of  the  Citizen's  Association,  at  the  called— all' party—'irpoUtVi 

head   of   which   was    Peter   Cooper.     It  shall  be  good,  sound,  practical 

was  the  object  and  purpose  of  this  asso-  ^fg^'^el' ta'°eve?y.darHfe."we°S  \ 

ciation  to  reform  the  abuses  of  tne  pub-  no    party — be    the    organ    of    no    facti 

lie    authorities    of    the    metropolis.       The  coterie,    and    care    nothingfor    any   eh 

Citizen  was  too  cheap.    It,  therefore,  had  ^"^j 
no  influence.     It  was  used  for  wrappin- 
paper.  or  rather,  thrown  away. 


nly  guide 


in  1844,  but  the  reports  did  not  appear 
till  Tuesda.v.  Later  the  Herald  of  each 
Monday  devoted  one  and  two  pages  to 
the  important  sermons  preached  on  the 
previous  day,  not  only  in  New  York, 
but  in  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Washing- 
ton, Cincinnati,  and  even  in  Dublin  and 
in  London.  The  next  morning  these 
appeared  before  another  audience  of 
half  a  million — not  of  Catholics  or  Con- 
fretationalists  alone,  but  to  an  audience 


THE   NEW   YORK   HERALD. 

JAMES    GORDON    BENNETT.    SENIOR. 

With  a  nominal  cash  capital  of  five 
hundred  dollars  the  New  York  Herald 
Avas  established,  and  the  independent 
press  inaugurated.  But  the  real  capital 
of  the  concern  was  in  the  brains  of  its 
founder.  With  twelve  or  fifteen  years 
of  active  application  and  close  observa- 
tion in  manners,  politics  and  society  in 
New  York,  Albany  and  Washington,  and 
in  the  newspaper  offices  of  the  Charles- 
ton es.  C.)  Courier,  the  National  Advo- 
cate, the  Sunday  Courier,  the  New  York 
Enquirer,  the  Morning  Courier  and  En- 
quirer, the  New  York  Globe  and  the 
Pennsylvanian,  as  reporter,  correspond- 
ent, assistant  editor  and  owner,  he  was 
prepared  for  such  a  paper  as  the  New 
York  Herald. 

On  Wednesdav  ■morning,  the  6th  of 
Ma.v,  1835.  the  initial  number  of  the 
Morning  Herald  was  issued  bv  James 
Gordon  Bennett  &  Co.  from  the  base- 
ment room  of  No.  20  Wall  street,  New 
York. 

There  were  seven  large  morning  pa- 
pers    called     "sixpenny     sheets,"     four 
evening  pnners  of  the  s-nme  character  and 
price,    and    four    small,    cheap    papers, 
known  as  the  "penny  nress.''   issued   in 
the  metropolis  on  the  list  of  Mav,  183.5. 
The  Donulation  of  New  York  in  183.5 
was  270,089.    Steamboats,  comparatively 
few  in  number,  were  running  on  several 
of  our  rivers,  and  there  were  onlv  two 
short  railroads,  one  in  New  York  and 
the  other  in  South  Carolina.    It  was  not    ^J] 
until  1828  that  the  fir.st  locomotive  was 
introduced  in  this  country,  and  only  on    $3  a  yc' 
a   coal    mine   track.      No   other   attempt   perioti 
was  made  till   1831.  when   a  locomotive   hJgh'.JJfi. 
called  (he  John  Bull  and  an  engineer  sagacity, 


didate    from    p: 

We  shall   endeavor   to  record  facts 
ry    public    and    proper    subject,    stripped 
verliiage    and    coloring,    with 
suitabl. 


vagaries. 

On  the  12(h  of  .August,  1835,  the  of- 
fice, type,  presses,  books  and  papers  of 
the  Herald  were  destroyed  by  fire. 
Owing  to  this  calamity,  there  was  a 
suspension  of  the  publication  of  the  pa- 
openly  per  for  nineteen  days.  On  the  31st  of 
August  it  reappeared.  It  was  then 
called  The  Herald, 

On  the  17th  of  August,  1836,  (he  price 
of  the  Herald  was  raised  to  two  cents,    of   Jew   and    Gentile,    Episcopalian    and 
Such  was  the   furore   of  the  public  for    Unitarian,   Universalist    and    Orthodox, 
the  paper   at  that   time   that  the   news-    infidel    and    believer    of    all    shades    of 
boys    and    news     dealers     charged     two    opinions, 
w'hen    cents  per  copy  everywhere.  James   Gordon   Bennett  continued  his 

i'^U  [ifHlS'Jinls'lL^mcvrit       I"    November,    1836,    a    desperate    as-    wonderful  journalistic    enterprises   year 
which  many  journals  possess,  we  shall    sault  was  made   on   Mr.   Bennett  in  his    ^fter  year,  injecting  new  and  necessary 
make   it   up   in    industry,   good   taste,    office  by  Thomas  Hamblin,  manager  of    features,    keeping    pace   with    the    times 
[t''"""e''nuair''i„tended"'^for'";he  'g"at    the  'Bowery   Theater.     There  had    been    "P  until  1872  when  'he  died,  leaving  all 
of     the     community— the     merchant,    a    difficulty    and    a    separation    between    "le   responsibilities   of   his   great    enter- 
working  people— the  private  family    Hamblin     and     his    wife.     Theatrically,    Prise   upon   the   shoulders    of    his     son, 
the  matter  was  made  a  public  one.  The    James   Gordon    Bennett,    Jr.,    who    has 
Herald     espoused     the    cause    of    Mrs.    ever  since  conducted  the  Herald  on  the 
Hamblin.     When    the    Bowery    Theater    same  basis  as  his  father, 
was    destroyed    by    fire,    an    effort    was       A  whole  volume  could  be  devoted  to 
made  to^give  Hamblin  a  complimentary    'he    history    of    the    Herald,    same    as 
benefit.     This    the    Herald    opposed    in    eould  be  written  about  dozens  of  other 
the   strongest   terms   in   a   series   of  ef-   great    American     newspapers,     but    the 
fective    articles.     They    produced    such    space  in  these  pages  is  so  limited  that 
an  impression   on   the  public  mind  that    we  can  only  touch  here  and  there  on  a 
the    benefit  was    a    comparative    failure,    few.  trusting  some  day  to  publish  a  full 
Shortly  after  there  was  a  dinner-party    and  complete  report  of  all. 
of  a  dozen  of  Hamhlin's  friends  at  the 
rooms     of    Jared    W.     Bell,     near    the 
Herald    office.     Bell    was    the    publisher 
of  the  New  Era.     While  at  this  dinner 
it   was   arranged,   in    the    excitement 


hotel — the 
clerk  and  his  principal. 
■   at   least   150,00   persons 


THE  NEW  YORK  TRIBUNE. 

-Another  remarkable  new-spaper  of  the 

old  school  was  the  New  York  Tribune. 

Horace  Greeley,  when  he  set  up  some 


occasion,  "to  assiult  'Mr.  Bennett  in  of  'he  type  of  the  first  regular  penny 
'his  office.  It  was  asserted  that  it  was  PaPer  in  -America  for  Dr.  Shepard; 
the  intention  of  Mr.  Hamblin  and  some  "'hen  he  failed  in  a  literary  enterprise 
of  his  friends  to  break  the  right  arm  of  hke  the  New  Yorker;  when  he  wrote 
the  editor.  Whether  or  not  this  be  letters  from  Albany,  in  1838,  to  the  New 
true,  it  was  evident  that  the  manager  '^'ork  Daily  Whig,  and  let  himself  out 
intended  some  mischief.  He  was  large  at  a  cheap  rate  to  Thurlow  Weed  and 
and  Dowerful.  Accompanied  bv  three  'he  Albany  politicians  to  make  a  splurge 
or  four  friends,  he  entered  the  news-  with  the  Log  Cabin  during  the  "hard- 
paper  office  throu.gh  a  back  passage  un-  cider"  campaign  for  Harrison,  in  1840, 
awares.  and  commenced  a  furious  as-  was  learning  the  business  of  a  newspa- 
sault  on  the  editor.  The  police  and  Per  maker, 
papers  others  interfered,  and  prevented  serious  With  a  small  borrowed  capital  in 
'room  consequences.  money  Horace  Greeley,  with  some  repu- 
ils,  or  With  the  organization  of  the  ship-  tation  for  industry  and  ability,  with  the 
thirty  ne„,s  establishment  and  the  aid  of  the  leading  politicians  of  that  day  at  his 
l^shinl  Sandy  Hook  pilot-boats,  the  Herald  hack,  and  with  the  aid  and  comfort  of 
ce  of  began  its  real  career  as  a  great  news-  a  few  sincere  friends,  started  the 
ihorier  .paper.  These  were  the  early  davs  of  Tribune.  It  was  commenced  as  a  one- 
It  t1ie"same  thne'equario  a'ny'^if  The  'le'ws  excitement  among  the 'new"  class  cent  paper.  This  journalistic  event  took 
papers  for  intelligence,  good  taste,  of  journals  of  New  York.  Nearly  all  place  on  the  10th  of  April,  1841. 
d  industry,  there  is  not  a  person  in    of  the  European  news  received  (hen  by       The    Tribune    started    with    a    moral 

46 


TOM  UOOBE. 


therefore^  without  jostling  neighbors,  vi 

friends,    to    pick   up   at   least   twenty   o 

nd  for  the  Herald,  and  leave  so 

for  others   who  come  after  us.      By  fu 

orning     paper     at     the     low     p 

r,  which  may  be  taken  for  any 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER   AND    JOURNALIST 


The  Philadelphia 
passes  the  three 
thousand  mark 


rpHAT  the  people  of  Phila- 
^  delphia  and  its  vicinity 
appreciate  the  endeavors  of 
"The  Bulletin"  to  give  them  all 
the  news  of  the  day  as  fairly,  as 
exactly  and  impartially  as  it  can 
be  laid  before  them,  is  attested 
not  only  by  the  fact  that  the 
name  of  "The  Bulletin"  has 
become  as  a  household  word 
among  them,  but  that  its  circu- 
lation now  reaches  far  beyond 
the  highest  point  ever  attained 
by  a  daily  newspaper  in  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania. 


Bulletin 
hundred 


The  following  statement 
shows  the  actual  circulation  of 
"The  Bulletin"  for  each  day  of 
publication  in  the  month  of 
March,  1913: 

1 298,123 

2 Sunday 

3 305,110 

4 316,594 

5 312,580 

6 301,370 

7 298,781 

8 298,082 

9 Sunday 

10 304,962 

11 306,701 

12 306,190 

13 304,686 

14 304,082 

15 295,637 

16 Sunday 

17 305,865 

18 308,501 

19 305,215 

20 302,511 

21 288,328 

22 295,987 

23 Sunday 

24 289,627 

25 301,118 

26 305,072 

27 309,801 

28 313,164 

29 300,029 

30 Sunday 

31 309,617 

"The  Bulletin"  circulation 
figures  are  net;  all  damaged, 
unsold,  free  and  returned  copies 
have  been  omitted. 


Net  Paid  Average 
for  March 


303,374  Copies  a  day, 


In  Philadelphia  there  are  346,000  Homes:  Therefore, 
you   need  "The  Bulletin"  if  you   want   Philadelphia. 


William  L.  McLean,  Publisher,  *^'?haalipgra"'' 


CHICAGO  OFFICE: 
J.  E.  Verree,  Steger  Bldg. 


NEW  YORK  OFFICE: 
Dan.  A.  Carroll,  Tribune  Bldg. 


47 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


cliaractcr.  Grtclcy,  aiinouncinj;  his  iii- 
teiuion  to  puMisli  a  cheap  daiiy  paper, 
he  issued  a  prospectus  luil  ot  excellent 
ideas. 

ine  Tribune  has  always  been  remark- 
able lor  Its  pecuhar  penchant  for  isms 
ot  all  sorts,  it  conimitteil  itselt  to 
I'ourierism  m  the  autumn  ot  IbJI,  and 
in  the  communications  ot  Albert  iiris- 
bane,  an  enthusiastic  pupil  ot  Charles 
i'ourier,  in  tile  controversy  of  Horace 
Oreeley  in  the  1  ribune  and  Henry  J. 
Kayraond  in  the  Courier  and  Jinquirer, 
and  in  the  showers  of  ridicule  Ironi  tlie 
uerald,  tlie  paper  became  widely  known 
and  its  editor  lamous.  It  was  an  early 
advocate  of  woman's  rights,  and  its 
course  was  strongly  indorsed  by  Mrs. 
Julia  Ward  Howe  in  the  VVomans 
Kights  Convention,  held  in  Worcester, 
Mass.,  in  December,  1SU9.  Mrs.  Howe 
advocated  the  establisliment  of  a  news- 
paper devoted  to  their  cause  and  spoke 
of  the  corruption  in  city  governments. 

The  Tribune,  in  the  progress  of  time 
and  events,  became  the  organ  of  the 
Aational  Kepublicans,  and  is  one  of  the 
strongest,  it  had  two  strong  national 
ideas :  a  high  protective  tarm  and  the 
abolition  ot  slavery,  and  one  social  idea 
— i'ourierism.  Commencing  political  life 
as  an  ardent  admirer  of  Henry  Clay, 
and  then  of  William  H.  Seward,  the 
Tribune  has  kept  on  the  opposition 
track  to  democracy.  Its  editor  became 
a  publi ;  lecturer  and  thus  extended  the 
influence  of  his  paper. 

The  corporation  idea  in  newspa- 
pers in  the  United  States  originated 
in  the  'i  ribune  oilice.  it  was  carried 
into  effect  by  the  Tribune  in  ISiti,  and 
is  now  quite  common  for  newspapers  to 
be  owned  in  this  way,  or  as  incorpo- 
rated institutions. 

When  the  editor  of  the  Tribune  vis- 
ited Europe  in  it^ol,  he  made  his  ap- 
pearance in  England  during  one  of  the 
agitations  for  the  repeal  of  the  stamp 
duty  on  newspaper's  and  the  duty  oa 
advertisements  in  that  kingdom.  Eight 
members  of  the  House  of  Commons  had 
been  selected  as  a  committee  to  take  evi- 
dence on  the  subject.  While  this  com- 
mittee was  holding  its  sessions,  Greeley 
arrived  in  London,  and  was  called  be- 
fore them.  Their  report  was  published 
in  the  Tribune  on  the  16th  of  Septem- 
ber, 1851. 

The  Tribune  always  threw  its  whole 
strength  into  any  political  fight  it  en- 
gaged in.  On  the  Kansas  question,  for 
example,  it  was  all  Kansas.  Its  columns, 
day  after  day  and  week  after  week,  were 
filled  with  articles  on  this  question. 

Immediately  after  the  inauguration  of 
President  Lincoln  in  18G1,  it  became  the 
talk  in  newspaper  circles  that  the  Tri- 
bune would  be  depleted  of  its  writers 
in  consequence  of  the  necessity  of  the 
new  administration  for  suitable  men  to 
send  abroad  as  ministers,  charge  d'af- 
aires  and  consuls,  and  it  was  apparent 
in  Washington  that  very  few  diplomats 
could  be  found  outside  of  that  establish- 
ment. 

James  Watson  Webb,  of  the  Courier 
and  Enquirer,  who  had  been  charge  to 
.•\ustria,  was  appointed  minister  to  Bra- 
zil. John  Bigeiow,  of  the  Evening  Post, 
received  the  appointment  of  minister  to 
France  after  that  office  was  declined  by 
James  Gordon  Bennett,  of  the  Herald. 
Allen  A.  Hall,  of  the  old  Nashville 
Whig,  was  minister  to  Bolivia;  Edward 
Jay  Morris,  of  the  Philadelphia  In- 
quirer, minister  to  Turkey,  and  Rufus 
King,  formerly  editor  of  the  Albany 
Daily  Advertiser,  represented  our  nation 
at  Rome.  Charles  Hale,  of  the  Boston 
Advertiser,  was  consul-general  to  Egypt. 
These  appointments  were  made  by  Pres- 
ident Lincoln,  and  none  of  these  dis- 
tinguished journalists  disgraced  their 
profession  or  their  country  while  dressed 
in  the  plain  Republican  diplomatic  cos- 
tume, so  neatly  arranged  by  that  emi- 
nent statesman.  William  L.  Slarcy. 

In  1871,  when  Greeley  made  his  tour 
througli  the  Southern  States  after  a 
special  visit  to  Texas,  he  became  a  can- 
didate for  the  presidency.  It  was  then 
deemed  unsafe  for  an  anti-slavery  man 
to  travel  south  of  Mason  and  Dixon's 
line.     The  editor  of  the  Tribune   lived 


long  enough  to  enjoy  this  privilege.  His 
trip  through  the  South  was  a  triumphal 
march. 

Greeley  was  one  of  the  candidates 
for  the  presidency  in  the  bitter  cam- 
paign of  1872.  In  the  following  letter, 
which  appeared  in  the  Lexington  (.Mo.) 
Caucasian,  he  mildly  told  his  corre- 
spondent, who  was  a  free  trader: 
"I  am  not  the  man  you  need" : 

New  York,  Oct.  IS,  1871. 
Dear  Sir.— I  have  yours  of  the  141h  inst. 
I  have  no  doubt  tliat  the  policy  you  suggest 
is  that  which  your  party  ought  to  adopt.  They 
should  have  taken  up  Salmon  P.  Chase  in 
1868;  then,  as  a  result  of  that  contest,  the  re- 
turn of  genuine  peace  and  thrift  would  have 
been    promoted.      That   policy    gave   you    more 


HAKVET  W.  SCOTT. 

last  year  in  Missouri  than  could  have  been 
achieved  by  a  party  triumph.  You  only  err  as 
to  the  proper  candidate.  I  am  not  the  man 
you  need.  Y''our  party  is  mostly  free-trade,  and 
I  am  a  ferocious  Protectionist.  I  have  no 
doubt  that  I  might  be  nominated  and  elected 
by  your  help,  but  it  would  pi; 
a    false    positi 


If   I, 


tersely  in- 
your  good 
sense  will,  on  reflection,  realize  it.  You 
must  take  some  man  like  Gratz,  Brown,  or 
Trumbull,  or  General  Cox,  late  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  and  thus  help  to  pacify  and  re- 
unite   our   country    anew.      Yours, 

Horace   Greeley. 

But  in  Cincinnati  in  May,  1872,  and 
in  Baltimore  in  July  of  that  year,  the 
opposition  elements  united  on  the  edi- 
tor of  the  Tribune  and  made  him  their 
presidential  candidate  in  spite  of  their 
free  trade  notions,  and  in  spite  of  his 
being  a  "ferocious  protectionist." 

NEXT  IN  Greeley's  chair. 

In  the  winter  of  1868-69  a  serious  dif- 
ference occurred  between  Mr.  Young 
and  the  publishers  of  the  Tribune, 
which  resulted  in  his  withdrawal  from 
the  service  of  the  paper,  and  in  the 
spring  of  the  latter  year  Mr.  \/hitelaw 
Reid  was  installed  in  his  place  as  man- 
aging editor. 

In  that  arduous  and  difficult  post  Mr. 
Reid  showed  himself,  to  Mr.  Greeley's 
profound  satisfaction,  as  efficient  an  ex- 
ecutive as  he  had  been  a  brilliant  writer. 

Then  came  the  political  campaign  of 
1872.  Immediately  upon  his  nomination 
for  the  presidency,  Mr.  Greeley  resigned 
the  editorship  of  the  Tribune,  and  Mr. 
Reid  was  unanimously  chosen  by  the 
directors  to  fill  his  place.  Thus  he  be- 
came the  editor  of  the  Tribune,  the 
second  editor  the  paper  had  had. 
Throughout  that  campaign  Mr.  Reid 
directed  the  paper  with  a  skill  which 
elicited  the  admiring  tributes  of  even 
his  political  adversaries. 

Disciple  of  Greeley  thou,gh  he  was, 
and  reverently  devoted  to  the  cardinal 
principles  of  his  public  ethics,  he  yet 
took  a  more  catholic  view  of  the  duties 
and  responsibilities  of  a  newspaper  and 
strove  to  make  it  less  of  a  partisan  con- 
troversial tract  and  a  more  well-balanced 
and  impartial  record  lof  the  world's 
daily    doings. 

His  editorial  page  was  as  vigorous  as 
intense,  and  on  occasion  as  impassioned 


as  ever  -Mr.  Greeley  had  made  it,  but  in 
his  news  columns  he  gave  full  and  im- 
partial reports  of  the  domgs  and  opin- 
ions of  his  opponents,  as  well  as  his 
friends. 

No  party  leader  and  party  organ  could 
be  more  loyal  to  their  candidate  or 
more  efficiently  zealous  in  his  service 
than  Mr.  Reid  and  the  Tribune  were  to 
Mr.  Greeley  in  that  campaign.  Mr. 
Reid  was  editor-in-chief  of  the  Tribune 
until  his  death,  last  December.  It  is 
now  conducted  by  his  son,  Ogden  Mills 
Reid,  with  Condc  Hamlin  as  its  busi- 
ness manager. 

THE   NEW    YORK   TIMES. 

ihe  first  number  of  the  Times  ap- 
peared on  the  18th  of  September,  1851. 
It  was  a  one-cent  paper.  Its  editor, 
Henry  J.  Raymond,  had  been  connect- 
ed with  the  Press  for  a  little  over  ten 
years.  He  determined  to  be  a  journal- 
ist, and  bent  all  his  energies  to  accom- 
plish this  greeat   end. 

Mr.  Raymond  was  also  a  very  accu- 
rate reporter.  Daniel  Webster  always 
preferred  him  to  any  other  to  take 
down  his  speeches.  When  he  intended 
making  one  anywhere,  he  sent  for  Mr. 
Raymond    to    be    present. 

The  introductory  article  of  the 
Times  in  its  first  issue  embraces  the 
points  of  the  policy  that  was  to  govern 
its  editor.  Mr.  Raymond,  in  his  initial 
number,  said: 

We  publish  to-day  the  first  number  of  the 
New  York  Times,  and  we  intend  to  issue  it 
every  morning  (Sundays  excepted)  for  an  in- 
definite number  of  years  to  come.  As  a  news- 
paper, presenting  all  the  news  of  the  day  from 
all  parts  of  the  world,  we  intend  to  make  the 
Times  as  good  as  the  best  of  those  now  is- 
sued in  the  City  of  New  York;  and  in  all 
the  higher  utilities  of  the  Press,  as  a  public 
instructor  in  all  departments  of  action  and  of 
thought,  we  hope  to  make  it  decidedly  superior 
to  e.xisting  journals  of  the  same  class.  *  *  * 
We  shall  seek,  in  all  our  discussions  and  in- 
culcations, to  promote  the  best  interests  of  the 
society  in  which  we  live;  to  aid  the  advance- 
ment of  all  benelicient  undertakings,  and  to 
promote  in  every  way,  and  to  the  utmost  of 
our  ability,  the  welfare  of  our  fellow  men. 

Upon  all  topics — jiolitical,  social,  moral,  and 
religious — we  intend  that  the  paper  shall  speak 
for  itself,  and  we  only  ask  that  it  may  be 
judged  accordingly.  We  shall  be  conservative 
in  all  cases  where  we  think  conservatism  es- 
sential to  the  public  good,  and  we  shall  be 
radical  in  every  thing  which  may  seem  to  us 
to  require  radical  treatment  and  radical  re- 
form. We  do  not  believe  that  every  thing 
in  society  is  either  exactly  right,  or  exactly 
wrong;    what    is    good    we    desire    to    preserve 


JAMES  W.  SCOTT. 

and  improve;  what  is  evil,  to  exterminate  and 
reform. 

We  shall  endeavor  so  to  conduct  all  our 
discussions  of  public  affairs  as  to  leave  no  one 
in  doubt  as  to  the  principles  we  espouse  or 
the  measures  wc  advocate:  and  while  we  de- 
sign to  be  decided  and  explicit  in  all  our 
positions,  we  shall,  at  the  same  time,  seek  to 
be  temperate  and  measured  in  all  our  lan- 
guage. We  do  not  mean  to  write  as  if  we 
were  in  a  passion  unless  that  shall  really  be 
tile  case,  and  we  shall  make  it  a  point  to  get 
into  a  passion  as  rarely  as  possible.  There  are 
very  few  tilings  in  this  world  which  it  is 
worth  while  to  get  angry  about,  and  they  are 
just  the  tilings  that  anger  will  not  improve. 
In  controversies  with  other  journals,  with  in- 
dividuals, or  with  parties,  we  shall  engage  only 


when,  ill  our  opinion,  sonic  important  public 
interest  can  be  promoted  thereby,  and  even 
then  we  shall  endeavor  to  rely  more  upon 
lair  argument  than  upon  misrepresentation  or 
abusive  language. 

In  1852  Mr.  Raymond  was  sent  as  a 
substitute  to  the  Whig  National  Con- 
\ention  at  Baltimore,  where  he  made 
an  impression  as  a  puulic  speaker. 
Honors  crowding  upon  him,  he  re- 
ceived in  185.3,  from  Horace  Greeley, 
the  title  of  "Little  Villain."  It  was 
required  by  law,  in  185:1,  to  publish  the 
weekly  statements  of  all  the  metropoli- 
tan banks  in  some  one  newspaper.  Mr. 
D.  B.  St.  John,  who  had  been  a  share- 
holder in  the  Times,  was  Superintend- 
ent of  the  Bank  Department.  He  se- 
lected the  Times. 

"Little  Villain"  adhered  to  Raymond 
through  life.  In  reply  to  a  friend  who 
asked  Raymond  how  the  nickname  had 
been  given  him  and  how  he  liked  it, 
Raymond  said :  "Well,  I  suppose  I  must 
accept  the  title,  as  I  first  gave  it  pub- 
licity." 

In  1854  Raymond  was  elected  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor of  New  York.  In 
1854  he  wrote  the  ".Address  to  the  Peo- 
ple," which  was  adopted  by  the  Repub- 
lican party  at  its  first  National  Con- 
vention,   held   in    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

Mr.  Raymond  refused  a  new  nomina- 
tion for  Governor  of  New  York  in 
1857.  He  had  made  arrangements  for 
the  erection  of  a  new  building  for  the 
Times,  which  was  one  of  the  first  of 
the  kind   erected  in   New   York. 

Mr.  Raymond  wrote  tthe  Baltimore 
resolutions  of  1864,  and  was  elected 
chairman  of  the  Republican  National 
Coinmittee.  In  that  year  he  was  sent 
to  Congress  from  New  York  City  and 
became  a  strong  conservative  Republi- 
can in  tthe  councils  of  the  nation.  He 
wrote  the  "Life  of  .Abraham  Lincoln" 
in  1865,  afterward  enlarging  it  to  the 
more  pretentious  title  of  "Life.  Public 
Services  and  State  Papers  of  Abraham 
Lincoln." 

Raymond  entered  the  presidential 
campaign  of  1868  not  as  an  independent 
journalist,  and  was  chairman  of  the 
Republican  Committee  in  New  York 
till  a  few  davs  before  his  death.  Tune 
18,  1869. 

The  course  of  the  Times,  subsequent 
to  the  death  of  its  chief  founder  and 
chief  editor,  is  of  interest  to  the  public 
and  to  journalism.  Mr.  George  Jones, 
who  had  been  the  business  partner  and 
cherished  friend  ot  Mr.  Raymond  from 
the  origin  of  the  Times,  assumed  the 
entire  management  of  the  concern  and 
placed  its  old  attaches  over  its  several 
departments.  Mr.  John  Bigeiow.  for- 
merly of  the  Evening  Post,  was  selected 
to  take  the  place  of  Raymond  as  ed- 
itor.     He  later   resigned   his  position. 

On  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Bigeiow. 
the  position  of  managing  editor  was 
given  to  Mr.  George  Sheppard.  He  re- 
tired after  a  brief  period.  Mr.  Jones 
then  appointed  Mr.  L.  J.  Jennings  as 
editor-in-chief. 

THE  NEW  YORK  LEDGER. 
The  New  York  Ledger  was  originallv 
called  the  iMerchaiits'  I,edger.  It  was 
devoted  to  mercantile  affairs  previous  to 
I85I.  It  was  originally  started  by  an 
ex-merchant,  who  conceived  the  idea  of 
making  a  paper  that  would  interest 
country  merchants.  It  was  purchased  by 
Robert  Bonner  in  1851.  It  appears  that 
the  first  proprietor  of  the  Ledger  had 
invented  a  printing  press  which  he 
thought  would  supersede  Hoe's  ma- 
chines. 

WKen  President  Grant  got  into 
trouble  with  the  gold  dealers  of  Wall 
and  Broad  streets,  in  the  memorable 
gold-gambling  operations  of  September, 
1869.  Bonner  came  to  the  rescue,  and 
caused  any  amount  of  envy  and  jealousy 
in  the  other  newspaper  offices  of  New 
York  by  the  following  correspondence, 
which  appeared  in  almost  every  journal 
in  the  land. 


Willi: 

New  York,  October  11,  1S6S. 
My  Dear  General. — As  I  stated  to  you  in 
lediately   after   your   election    that   there   w; 


48 


THE    EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND    JiQURNALlS.T 


THE    PHILADELPHIA   RECORD 


BRyi  TALKS  10 


The  Greatest  Number  of 
Advertisers  Reach  the 
Great  Philadelphia  Field 

That  Philadelphia  is  almost  the  largest  and  best  field  for  adver- 
tisers in  the  United  States  the  following  carefully  compiled  figure  •. 
prove : 

The  City  of  Homes 

Philadelphia  has  a  population  of  1 ,600,000  with  342,000  dwell- 
ings, and  251 ,884  men  and  women  wage-earners;  93%  of  the  popula- 
tion live  in  separate  dwellings.    Philadelphia  is  essentially  an  American 
community — seven  out  of    every  ten  being    native    born,    and    90' 
speaking  English. 

That  this  immense  population  has  money  is  shown  by 

Philadelphia's  Great  Business 

Philadelphia  produces  one-twentieth  of  the  manufactured  prod- 
ucts of  the  United  States. 

It  is  FIRST  in  the  manufacture  of  Hosiery,  Knit  Goods,  Carpets, 
Rugs,  Hats,  Locomotives,  Upholstery,  Street  Cars,  Oil  Cloths,  Lino- 
leum, Cloth,  Saw^s,  etc.,  etc. 

Philadelphia  Leads  the  World  in  Textiles 

$70,869,648  worth  of  Philadelphia  goods  went  to  foreign  mar- 
kets in  1912. 

One  Philadelphia  Savings  Bank  has  21  1,000  separate  accounts; 
another  1 72,000  separate  accounts,  representing  deposits  of  over 
$105,000,000. 

An  average  of  650,000  newspapers  are  sold  in  Philadelphia  every 
morning,  and  700,000  every  Sunday. 

An  average  of  200,000  people  pass  in  and  out  of  Philadelphia 
daily. 

500  suburban  towns,  within  fifty  miles  of  Philadelphia  represent- 
ing over  1 ,000,000  people,  send  trade  to  this  city 

Every  year  for  20  years  "The  Philadelphia  Record  has  pub 
lished  more  display  advertising  than  any  other  Philadelphia  newspaper 


lim,  ,11,11,  „i  II 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


for  myself  or  that  morning  under  the  double  name  of  pulously  neat  literary  editor  at  $5  per 
he'rc"is"a  ''"^  '™°  papers.  week.  While  these  two  Brook-Farm 
matter  now,  However,  that  concerns  you  per-  Finally,  with  a  determination  to  Stand  philosophers  were  thus  engaged,  they 
sonaUy,  and  in  whic'n  1  feel  that  1  discern  alone  in  its  glory,  it  quietly  dropped  the  managed  to  edit  the  New  American  En- 
your  interest  so  plainly  that  I  take  the  liberty  ^((g  name,  and  sensibly  adheres  to  that  cyclopedia.  Dana  became  the  managing 
lo  write  to  you  with  relerence  to  it.  1  do  -  t,,  .,,',,  ,  ^  .'..  *^  -  ,  „  .^  &  & 
this  with  less  hesitation,  because  you  did  me  of  1  he  World  alone.  editor  of  the  Tribune, 
the  honor,  alter  your  election,  to  conhde  to  After  it  ceased  to  be  tile  organ  of  the  There  was  a  little  difficulty  in  the 
dlltuXd  state  or^the^piirbiic  mind  cJnccrn-  wealthy  religious  coterie  that  Drought  it  Tribune  and  Dana  left.  This  happened 
ing  the  recent  gold  combination,  is  it  not  the  into  existence,  numerous  reports  were  in  early  in  1862,  and  had  something  to  do 
quickest  and  surest  way  to  set  at  rest  the  great  circulation  that  It  belonged  to  Augusi  with  the  "On  to  Richmond"  movement 
you'\Tma'ke  a  br"?f"denS%ver  your'''ow^^  Belmont,  St.,  the  well-known  banker;  which  resulted  so  disastrously  at  Bull 
nature  ot  all  foreknowledge  of  that  combina-  Mayor  F'ernando  Wood,  John  Anderson,  Run.  What  then?  Secretary  Stanton, 
relieve  yourself  entirely^  irom  the  wealthy  tobacconist;  Collector  Au-  who  wrote  the  famous  Joshua  and  Lord 
-,„ose  WHO  knolryo^u  pe"onaily  do  not  gustus    Schell,    Thurlow    Weed,    Benja-  of  Hosts  letter  to  the  Tribune,  took  to 

require   such    a   disci 


showed    itself    in    an    advertisement   of 
one  of  its  cheap  editions; 

THE  DOLLAR  SUN. 
Chas.  A.  Dana,  Editor. 
The  cheapest,  smartest,  and  best  New  York 
newspaper.  Everybody  likes  it.  Three  edi- 
tions; Daily,  $G;  semi- weekly,  $2;  and  weekly, 
$1  a  year.  All  the  news  at  half  price.  Full 
reports  of  markets,  agriculture,  farmers'  and 
fruitgrowers'    clubs,    and    a    complete    story    in 


:lubs, 
;ry     weekly    and 
present   of  valuable 


plants  and 


eekly     number. 


linds 

determined    and    pers 

i    you,    will    be,    it    see 

tisfied     and     quieted     by 


but  the  great  pub-  rain  Wood  and  half  of  the  bankers  in    Dana,  and  Dana  took  to  the  field.     He 
be  warped  by   y^^\\  street  at  that  time.    iManton  Mar-    was    appointed    Assistant    Secretary    of 

efforts    to    in-   ,  ,      „.    .    ^^  , „„   -.^  „„r.„„«^;Kl«   dlt^T- 


bincerely  your: 


Robert  lionner,  Esq, 
Dear  Sir. — Vour  : 
received,  1  have  ne 
ing  statements  oi 
by  irresponsible  part: 
letter;    b 


Robert    Bonn 


-    of    the    11th    in 
thought   01    contr 


the 


gold 

self,   or    any    othei 

I   ordered  the   sal 

engaged,  as   I   thought, 

transaction.      If  the  specul; 

cessful,   you 


ing 


uly, 


ble  at  'last  became  its  responsible  editor, 
stat'em"eni~   Finally  the   whole   concern  passed   into 
the    hands    of    Marble.      It    had    been 
through  lire.     Starting  'full  of  religious 
sentiments,    it    became    a    balf-and-haili 
Democratic  sheet ;  then  it  swallowed  two 
or  three  old  Whig  and  Republican  or- 
gans, and  became  more  Democratic  than 
before. 
The  World  is  a  party  paper,  but  at 
ect  in  so  kind  a  spirit,  I   .[he  same  time  an  independent  organ  of 
"erYoVcir;'fhan'yiu'-   public  opinion     During  the  Presidential 
nnocent  party,  except  that    campaign  of  1868  It  became  manliest  to 
of  gold  to  break  the  ring    ^  portion  of   the  Democracy  that  their 
had'bee^nlSc"    nominations  for  the  offices  of  President 
heard  of  any    and     Vice-President    were    not     strong 
enough  to  be  elected  in  the  face  of  the 
enthusiasm  for  Grant.    The  World  bold- 
ly and  recklessly  came  out  almost  on  the 


adn 
e    transaction, 


riting  it,  but  1  submit 


THE  NEW  YORK  WORLD. 

HOW   IT  WAS    STARTED. 


withdrawal  of  the  candidates  and  the 
substitution  of  others  in  their  place.  It 
produced  an  impression  and  created  a 
sensation;  it  showed  the  independence 
of  the  journal  favoring  such  an  enter- 
prise in  the  midst  of  an  exciting  po- 
The  New  York  World  appeared  in  litical  campaign,  if  it  did  not  exhibit 
June,  1860.  power  and  influence  enough  to  accom- 

It  was  at  this  period  that  the  Times,   pHsh  its  object. 
Herald  and  Tribune  had  become  repre-       On  the  29th  of  December,  1860,  Man- 
sentative  papers.     The    Herald   has   its    ton   Marble,  who   commenced  his  jour- 
own    community    of    readers,    and    the    nali.stic  career  on  the  Boston  Traveler, 


FUIiITZEB. 


War,  and  sent  to  the  West  to  cooper 
ate  personally  with  General  Grant 


his 


Tribune  its  peculiar  class ;  the  Times  continuing  it  on  the  New  York  Even-  operations  against  the  rebels.  He  tilled 
represented  the  juste  milieu.  What  was  jng  Post,  culminated  by  becoming  sole  ^,^,j  position  with  ability  from  August, 
wanted  was  a  daily  religious  paper— a  proprietor  of  the  World,  paying  $100,000  j^yg  ^^  August  18B3  On  the  suppres- 
daily  moral  paper-to  give  all  the  news,    for  one-fourth  of  the  stock.  ^.ion  oi  the  rebellion  it  was  thought  that 

to  shut  out  the  wretched  criminal  police  „-,„._  „,n,.  norcccarv  in  (  hirairo 

reports,  to  ignore  the  slander  suit^and  THE  NEW  YORK  SUN.  ?,h7^Sg^^  Su'e'wirt'hrrepr^s:^?: 

prurient  divorce  cases;  not  to  shock  the  its  sale  to  dana  and  associates.  ^^j^^  journal  there  The  Chicago  Re- 
public with  the  horrid  details  of  mur-  j^e  first  we  know  of  Charles  A.  Dana  publican  organized  on  an  extensive  scale 
ders,  but  to  give  the  news,  such  as  ought  35  ^  joyrn^list  .^^aj,  ^5  ^  member  of  the  with  a  large  capital,  was  therefore 
to  satisfy  any  reasonable  being— indeed,  famous  Brook-Farm  Community,  com-  started  but  not  by  Mr.  Dana.  He  was 
It  was  to  publish  a  paper  conducted  on  „,,:^„,  ;„  .,!,;„(  .,>  fonnii  ,  „p-jr  anH  nrp- 

'high  morad  principles,  excluding  adver- 
tisements of  theatres,  as  the  Tribune  for 
a  time  had  done;  excluding  all  improper 
matter,  as  the  Times  for  a  time  had 
done;  and  giving  all  the  news,  as  the 
Herald  always  had  done. 

With  this  high  purpose  in  view,  a 
large  sum  of  money  was  subscribed  by 
some  cxf  the  best  men  in  the  metropolis. 
Alexander  Cummings,  formerly  of  the 
North  American,  and  afterwards  of  the 
Evening  Bulletin  of  Philadelphia,  was 
selected  as  its  manager.  He  had  evi- 
dently full  power.  Hoe  made  one  of 
his  fastest  presses  for  the  new  estab- 
lishment. A  splendid  new  building  on 
the  block  with  the  Times  was  leased. 
Editors  and  reporters  were  engaged. 
All  the  arrangements  were  made  and 
completed,  and  in  1866  the  World  made 
its  appearance. 

It  was  a  dignified  and  a  moral  sheet. 
The  World  had  all  the  telegraphic  and 
all  the  shipping  intelligence  that  the 
other  papers  had,  and,  with  its  contem- 
poraries, it  'had  the  world,  physically 
and  mentally,  before  it. 

Two  hundred   thousand   dollars   were 
spent  in  the  effort  to  make  the  World 
a  success  as  a  religious  organ.     Those 
who     subscribed 
disgusted.      Alexand* 

on     this     account     an  1     afterwards   be-  ^'"^';J"^^;^■;;^''^7g;■o"n5';n  Alcott,'Geo^^^    of    the    Republican    party    in    the 
came     Governor     of     Wyoming    Terri-      '  ^  ^j,     ,      ^    ^^^^  tropolis,  and  a  thorn  in  the  side  of  the 

tpry.      The   World    changed    hands.  _  _lt       ^  ^^  _    ,,,_i._„,_     n,n,    wrote    for    Tribune.     In  a  short  time  the  old  estab- 

lishment    was    removed    to 


SABWIN'. 


his     money,    became  j  ^^^.j^  ^^_^  ^^  Nathaniel  Haw- 

der    Cummings    left  ^  ^^^  ^^j^^  Emerson,  Wilhanr 


editor-in-chief  at  $7,000  a  year,  and  one 
fifth  of  the  profits  of  the  concern.  It 
was  not  a  first-class  success,  as  Dana 
thought  it  should  be.  The  result  was 
the  return  of  Dana  to  New  York,  which 
was  the  true  field  for  him,  after  receiv- 
ing $10,000  for  surrendering  his  interest. 

It  was  arranged  that  Dana  should  es- 
tablish a  new  paper,  to  be  called  the 
Evening  Telegraph.  It  was  then  ascer- 
tained that,  owing  to  the  opposition  of 
two  or  three  members  of  the  Asso- 
ciated Press,  the  new  paper  could  not 
have  the  telegraphic  news  of  that  in- 
stitution, and  without  that  news  the 
contemplated  paper  could  not  succeed; 
indeed,  it  would  be  folly  to  bring  out 
the  first  number. 

The  New  York  Sun,  established  in 
1833,  was  a  member  in  full  and  good 
standing  in  the  association.  One  morn- 
ing the  opposition  members  of  the  As- 
sociated Press  were  informed  that  that 
concern  had  changed  hands,  and  that 
the  Sun  of  Moses  S.  Beach  had  set, 
and  the  Sun  of  Charles  A.  Dana  had 
risen  to  "shine  for  all"  who  wished  for 
and  would  pay  two  cents  per  ray  for 
its  genial  and  fructifying  warmth.  In 
this  way  the  first  penny  paper  of  the 
country,  after  a  prosperous  existence  of 
over  thirty  years  with  its  democratic 
tendencies,  became  an  independent  organ 


The   World    changed    hands.      It  ^"^'P'fy      ^       ,    „  _, 

then  became  a  secular  paper-a  worldly      Aiter    ^rook-Farm    Dana   wruic    .ur    ."^--^    ;     -    removed    to      Tammany 
World-and  has  never  deviated  from  its  the  Chronotype  in  Boston,  and  then  came  purchased    for 

new  path.  to  the  Tribune  office^  Ripley  came  alo   |iau    w  ^  ^.^^  v^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^ 

No   better  men   than   the   originators  at  the  same   time.     Dana,  being  an  ac-   t^^^^^^^^^.   added  to  the  old  one,   the 
of  this  paper  ever  lived.     They  wished  complished   l'"e"'5t    a"d   M'  °f   E"ro-  eintinued  to  make  its  daily  ap- 

to     disseminate     sound    principles     and  pean  ■leas.faas^and^the  jights_^of  man, 
good  morals  among  the  masses. 


took  charge  of  the  foreign  department    pearance. 

-•-  •         •  ""•  Started  on  this  platform,  it  bega 


*"  On  he  St  o  July  1861  the  World  of  that  paper  at  $12  per  week,  and  Rip-  Started  on  this  platform  it  began  its 
and  the  Moaning  Courier  and  New  York  ley,  who'  had.  been  a  Unitarian  clergy-  new  career  on  the  Is  of  January,  186^ 
Tjn^„;«.  wprp  ^.w.i^A    and  anneareri  on  man.  became  Its  hard-working  and  scru-    One    year    after    this    event,    its    spirit 


Enquirer  were  united,  and  appeared  on  man,  becam 


$1,000    life    insurances,    grand    pianos, 
machines,    parlor    organs,    sewing   ma- 
etc,  among  the   premiums.     Specimens 
3  free.     Send  a  dollar  and  try  it. 
1.   W.   England, 
Publisher,    Sun, 

New  York. 

The  Sun  became  sensational  and  per- 
sonal, and  increased  in  circulation.  In 
this  new  position  of  Mr.  Dana  he  did 
not  forget  his  old  confrere  of  the 
Tribune,  and  when  the  opportunity 
came,  as  it  did  in  the  Young  bouleverse- 
ment,  he  published  a  broadside  of  let- 
ters and  comments  under  the  head  of 
"At   Last— At  Last." 

Mr.  Dana  was  born  at  Hinsdale, 
N.  H.,  Aug.  8,  1819.  After  his  high 
school  education  he  spent  two  years  at 
Harvard  College.  He  died  in  New 
York  Oct.  18,  1897,  leaving  behind  him 
some  very  interesting  works  as  a  jour- 
nalist. His  three  lectures,  "The  Modern 
American  Newspaper,"  "Profession  of 
Journalism"  and  "The  Making  of  a 
Journalist"   are  very  educating. 

PRESS  ASSOCIATIONS. 

ORI^-IN    OF    NEW    YORK    PRESS    CLUB. 

One  Saturday  evening  in  the  month  of 
November,  in  1851,  there  was  a  gather- 
ing of  journalists  at  the  Astor  House 
in  New  York  in  recognition  of  Kossuth, 
who  was  then  visiting  the  United  States. 
He  had  been  an  editor  in  Hungary,  a 
lawyer,  a  politician,  a  patriot,  a  states- 
man. It  was  therefore  considered  to  be 
the  duty  of  the  press  to  fete  him  as  an 
editor. 

The  'banquet  took  place  at  the  Astor 
House  on  the  13th  of  December,  1851. 
William  iCuUen  Bryant,  of  the  Evening 
Post,  presided.  George  Bancroft,  the 
historian,  made  some  remarks,  conclud- 
ing with  the  sentiment,  "The  American 
Press — it  is  responsiole  for  the  liber- 
ties of  mankind." 

Kossuth  delivered  a  speech  respecting 
the  press,  and  its  power  and  influence. 

Among  the  speakers  were  Charles 
King,  formerly  of  the  New  York 
American,  and  then  of  the  Courier  and 
Enquirer;  Henry  J.  Raymond,  of  the 
Times;  Parke  Godwin,  of  the  Evening 
Post;  Charles  A.  Dana,  then  of  the 
Tribune,  and  Freeman  Hunt,  of  the 
Merchants'  Magazine. 

This  editorial  banquet  originated  the 
Press  Club  in  New  York.  It  dined 
every  Saturday  at  the  Astor  House. 
Every  distinguished  stranger  was  in- 
vited to  dine  with  the  club.  It  has  be- 
come an  institution  with  a  large  portion 
of  journalists.  When  Charles  Dickens 
was  invited  to  dine  with  the  dub  in 
18C8  the  occasion  was  made  an  excep- 
tion to  the  general  rule.  This  banquet 
took  place  on  the  18th  of  April  of  that 
year  at  Delmonico's. 

Out  of  this  club,  and  in  sympathy 
with  the  idea  originating  it,  press  asso- 
ciations have  been  formed  in  many 
States. 

COMICS  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

One  of  the  earliest  writers  in  this 
special  department  of  journalism  was 
the  original  "Joe  Strickland,"  whose 
productions  were  short  and  witty.  They 
were  written  'by  George  W.  Arnold,  who 
kept  a  lottery  office  in  Broadway,  New 
York,  and  graced  the  newspapers  in 
1826,  '27  and  '28.  Seba  Smith,  of  Port- 
land, Me.,  who  wrote  the  queer  and 
quaint  letters  of  Major  Jack  Down- 
ing, of  Downingsville,  had  their  sensa- 
tion in  their  day.  Andrew  Jackson  was 
in  the  height  of  his  popularity  at  that 
time,  and  he  was  the  subject  of  these 
epistles.  Charles  Augustus  Davis,  of 
New  York,  was  JacK  Downing  the  sec- 
ond.   Then  Judge  Halliburton  came  out 


50 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


BY  means  of  intelligent!}'  directed  industry,  The  Philadelphia 
Inquirer  has  risen  from  the  status  of  a  newspaper  of  no 
importance  to  the  unquestioned  leadership  of  Philadelphia 
journalism  and  to  the  front  rank  of  the  very  few  greatest 
in  American  journalism. 

Service,  influence  and  power  in  a  newspaper  correspond  to 
character  in  the  individual,  but  unlike  the  latter,  the  newspaper 
has  at  all  times  definite  data  by  which  its  actual  or  relative  position 
may  be  measured.  The  success,  using  the  word  in  its  broadest 
meaning,  of  a  newspaper  is  gauged  by  its  paid  circulation  and 
advertising  patronage — not  by  either  alone,  but  through  a  combi- 
nation of  both.  A  publication  distributed  gratis  has  no  value. 
A  newspaper  without  advertising  is  of  little  importance.  A  news- 
paper with  small  circulation  and  much  advertising  at  small  rates 
serves  no  important  purpose.  It  is  only  when  large  paid  circula- 
tion and  large  advertising  patronage  at  normal  rates  are  found 
together  in  a  newspaper  that  it  can  be  looked  upon  as  influential 
and  successful. 

Judged  by  this  standard,  The  Inquirer  challenges  comparison 
with  any  newspaper  in  the  country. 

Twenty-four  years  is  a  short  time  in  history,  but  it  has  seen 
a  complete  revolution  in  the  newspaper  world.  It  has  witnessed 
the  growth  in  size  of  all  newspapers  and  an  equally  important  de- 
cline in  price.  It  has  witnessed  radical  changes  in  every  mechani- 
cal department  and  it  has  seen  the  extraordinary  development  of 
advertising  which  has  become  one  of  the  great  factors  in  every 
business  enterprise  of  the  world  to-day. 

Inasmuch  as  circulation  is  the  first  consideration  of  every  pub- 
lication, attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  when  in  March,  1889, 
the  Elverson  management  took  over  The  Philadelphia  Inquirer  it 
had  a  circulation  of  5,000  daily.  It  was  an  eight-page,  six-column 
sheet  printed  directly  from  type.  After  some  months  of  experi- 
mentation the  unprecedented  step  was  taken  of  increasing  the  size 
of  the  page  and  reducing  the  cost  to  the  public  from  two  cents  to 
one  cent  per  copy.  That  was  considered  fatal  by  many  of  the 
ablest  publishers  in  the  country  who  had  nothing  but  good  will 
for  the  management.  Had  such  a  step  been  taken  a  few  years 
previously  doubtless  financial  disaster  would  have  followed.  But 
Mr.  James  Elverson  foresaw  the  revolution  which  was  coming  in 
journalism,  and,  in  fact,  did  much  to  bring  it  about.  Cheaper  print 
paper,  tjqsesetting  machines,  improved  printing  and  stereotyping 
machinery,  better  systems  of  circulation  and  a  farsighted  business 
policy  which  insisted  on  the  best  attainable  results  at  any  cost,  were 
factors  unceasingly  employed  to  make  The  Inquirer's  circulation 
increase  with  unprecedented  rapidity.  It  required  only  six  years 
to  attain  a  daily  circulation  of  100,000,  which  was  then  considered 
phenomenal.  It  was  achieved  by  giving  the  best  newspaper  attain- 
able for  the  smallest  coin  and  by  making  potential  readers  aware 
of  the  fact.  No  circulation  increases  of  itself.  It  comes  only 
from  highly  intelligent  and  unceasing  eft'ort  until  an  assured  posi- 
tion is  attained.  The  Inquirers  circulation  progress  has  been 
rapid,  as  the  following  table  shows : 

Year.  Daily  Average.     Sunday  Average. 

1889 5,000  11,500 

1890 47,401  32,229 

1891 02,594  41,183 

1892 78,845  60,644 

1893 85,781  88,211 

1894 90,945  91,209 

1895 100,397  95,200 

1896 121,051  144,314 

1897 129,279  148,324 

1898 175,237  152,534 

1899 165,984  163,063 

1900 170,855  168,377 


Year.  Daily  Average.     Sunday  -\verage. 

1901 173,020  163,429 

1902 177,316  157,1-51 

1903 161,686  141,125 

1904 166,897  143,303 

1905 155,454  1-53,978 

1906 161,898  179,221 

1907 161,745  193,499 

1908 165,586  198,4-52 

1909 160,198  206,979 

1910 171,781  224,907 

1911 174,833  239,964 

1912 176,725  249,772 

The  Inquirer's  advertising  patronage  has  gone  hand  in  hand 
with  its  circulation.  Nevertheless,  every  publisher  understands 
that  it  is  a  difficult  task  to  make  the  income  from  advertising  bear 
a  proper  ratio  to  the  amount  of  publicity  given.  It  is  not  only 
columns  which  count,  but  the  price  received  for  each  column  that 
is  important.  In  the  long  struggle  for  prestige.  The  Philadelphia 
Inquirer  stuck  firmly  to  its  principles.  It  was  one  of  the  first  news- 
papers to  give  entire  publicity  to  its  books.  It  never  asked  for 
patronage  on  any  false  basis.  It  never  lowered  the  standard  of 
its  ethics  in  business  or  editorial  policies.  It  made  merit  its  sole 
claim  to  patronage.  It  never  took  a  dollar  under  false  pretenses, 
nor  wasted  a  penny  of  its  advertiser's  money.  It  has  ever  claimed 
to  give  more  than  a  dollar  for  every  one  hundred  cents  received. 
The  results  of  that  policy  are  shown  in  the  following  figures,  which 
speak  for  themselves: 

Year.  Total  Paid  Advertising. 

1889 4,211  Cols,  or   1,263,300  Lines 

1890 6,045  Cols,  or  1,813,500  Lines 

1891 7,279  Cols,  or  2,183,700  Lines 

1892 9,014  Cols,  or  2,704,200  Lines 

1893 11,128  Cols,  or   3,338,400  Lines 

1894 12,639  Cols,  or  3,791,700  Lines 

1895 14,032  Cols,  or  4,209,600  Lines 

1896 15,075  Cols,  or  4,522,500  Lines 

1897 16,192  Cols,  or  4,857,600  Lines 

1898 17,141  Cols,  or  5,142,300  Lines 

1899 21,411  Cols,  or   6,323,300  Lines 

1900 21,028  Cols,  or  6,308,400  Lines 

1901 24,413  Cols,  or   7,323,900  Lines 

1902 24,874  Cols,  or  7,462,200  Lines 

1903 26,491  Cols,  or   7,947,.300  Lines 

1904 26,547  Cols,  or  7,964,100  Lines 

1905 28,147  Cols,  or  8,444,100  Lines 

1906 29,363  Cols,  or  8,808,900  Lines 

1907 29,513  Cols,  or  8,853,900  Lines 

1908 23,457  Cols,  or  7,037,100  Lines 

1909 27,762  Cols,  or  8,328,600  Lines 

1910 28,792  Cols,  or  8,637,600  Lines 

1911 30,063  Cols,  or  9,018,900  Lines 

1912 31,798  Cols,  of  9,5-39,400  Lines 

Based  on  the  most  conservative  estimates  The  Inquirer  ap- 
peals daily  to  a  constituency  of  readers  approaching  a  million  and 
on  Sundays  to  a  far  larger  number.  Last  year  it  presented  to  each 
reader  31,798  columns  of  advertising  matter,  or  four  thousand 
pages,  or  about  32,000  pages  the  size  of  an  ordinary  book,  enough 
to  fill  about  the  whole  of  the  latest  edition  of  the  Encyclopedia 
Britannica — and  this  of  advertising  matter  alone. 

This  is  success.  It  is  proved  by  every  possible  test  which 
can  be  applied.  It  is  also  an  increasing  success,  as  the  figures 
given  conclusively  demonstrate.  The  Philadelphia  Inquirer's  atti- 
tude toward  the  reading  public  and  the  advertising  public  is  the 
explanation  of  its  success.  It  speaks  for  itself  in  a  case  where 
no  subterfuge  or  misstatement  is  possible  and  where  none  ever 
has  been  attempted  in  the  slightest  degree. 


51 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


with  "Sam  Slick  of  Slickville.  Tlicii 
Josepli  C.  Neale,  an  edilor  in  Phila- 
delphia, appeared  with  his  curious 
"Charcoal  Sketches,"  and  created  some 
pleasure  and  merriment.  Then  such 
wits  as  Prentice,  Greene,  Bennett,  Lewis 
Gaylord  Glarke,  John  Vvaters,  Kendall, 
Felix  Merry,  Henry  J.  Finn,  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes,  Lumsden,  Cornelius 
Matthews  and  Briggs  came  before  the 
footlights   of   our  continental  theater. 

Since  that  period  a  number  of  hu- 
morists and  wits  of  purely  native  growth 
became  well  known  throughout  the 
land.  Artemus  Ward,  Mark  Twain,  John 
Phoenix,  Doesticks,  Josh  Billings,  Bret 
Harte,  Petroleum  V.  Nasby  (.who  seems 
to  be  a  descendant  of  Jack  Downing), 
Leland,  Wilkins,  Congdon  and  Mrs. 
Partington,  in  their  real  names  and  in 
iioins  lie  pitiinc,  introduced  a  new  order 
of  comic  literature,  which,  for  quaint- 
ness,  and  richness,  and  freshness,  was  a 
feature  of  the  times.  Still  later,  Or- 
pheus C.  Kerr,  Captain  Watt  a  Lyre, 
Yuba  Dam,  Eli  Perkins,  Oofty  Goofty, 
Will  M.  Carleton,  M.  T.  Jugg  and  Si 
Slokum  have  turned  up  in  the  fertile 
soil  of  the  East  and  West. 

It  is  said  that  the  original  comic  pa- 
per was  the  Merrie  Mercuric,  which 
was  printed  in  London  in  17t)0.  The 
Scourge,  not  a  very  funny  name,  was 
published  in  England  in  18U.  Punch, 
the  real  Comus  of  England,  made  its 
bow  on  the  17th  of  July,  1841,  and  has 
lived,  and  laughed,  and  become  rotund 
on  wit  and  wisdom  ever  since.  It  is 
now  a  universally  recognized  character. 
It  has  developed  more  wit  with  pen  and 
pencil,  and  has  accomplished  more 
good,  socially  and  politically,  in  Eng- 
land than  any  politician  or  statesman 
is  willing  to  accord  to  its  influence. 

THE  ILLUSTRATED   PAPERS. 

Illustrated  papers  have  become  a  fea- 
ture. Every  newspaper  stand  is  cov- 
ered with  them.  Every  railroad  train  is 
filled  with  them.  They  are  "object-teach- 
ing" to  the  multitude.  They  make  the 
battlefields,  the  cononations,  the  cor- 
ruptions of  politicians,  the  balls,  the 
race  course,  the  yacht  race,  the  military 
and  naval  heroes.  They  are,  in  brief, 
the  art  gallery  of  the  world.  Single  ad- 
mission, ten  cents,  "Hudson." 

When  Avery,  and  Reid,  and  Horton, 
and  Baker,  and  one  or  two  others  en- 
graved for  the  New  York  Herald,  the 
art,  for  newspaper  use  and  illustration, 
was  but  little  known  in  the  United 
States. 

In  1861-5,  during  the  Rebellion, 
Waters  made  half-page  maps  in  one  day. 
Such  a  piece  of  work,  indeed,  to  illus- 
trate a  brilliant  victory,  was  accom- 
plished on  one  occasion  in  one  night. 
News  of  the  battle  came  at  tea  time;  the 
map  appeared  in  the  next  morning's 
Herald.  But  the  block  was  in  twenty 
pieces,  and  twenty  engravers  worked  on 
it  at  the  same  time. 

There  was  an  excellent  engraver  in 
New  York  about  seventy-seven  years 
ago,  named  Adams.  It  appears  that  he 
read  the  Bible.  In  going  over  the  pages 
of  that  great  book  some  of  the  wonder- 
ful events  there  narrated  suggested  to 
him  the  idea  of  sketching  them  on 
wood.  He  did  so.  and  cut  them  him- 
self during  his  leisure  hours.  The 
work  was  an  agreeable  one,  and  he 
continued  it  until  'he  had  accumulated 
a  large  number  of  beautiful  illustra- 
tions of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  It  had 
occurred  to  him  during  this  work  that 
the  Bible,  fully  illustrated,  would  be  a 
popular  publication.  Applying  to  the 
Harpers,  he  found  they  would  be  de- 
lighted to  undertake  such  a  work.  The 
interview  between  the  artist  and  the 
publishers  resulted  in  "Harper's  Illus- 
trated ramily  Bible,"  so  well  known 
about  sixty  years  ago. 

Our  illustrated  newspapers  now  live 
on  half-tones.  The  two  first  important 
ones  were  Harper's  and  Frank  Leslie's. 
Before  either  of  these  appeared,  the 
Messrs.  Beach,  of  the  New  York  Sun, 
and  Barnum,  of  the  Museum,  each  con- 


tributed $2U,0U0  for  the  establishment 
of  an  illustrated  weekly  in  New  York 
City,  and  Gleason  and  Ballon,  of  Bos- 
ton, had  made  the  attempt  to  introduce 
London  publications  in  .-America.  Ascer- 
taining that  Barnum  intended  to  issue 
an  :llustrated  paper,  Leslie  started  for 
Iranislan  and  arrived  there  on  Thanks- 
giving Day,  in  1852,  just  before  dinner. 
F'rank  Leslie  became  the  managing 
foreman  of  the  Illustrated  News  of 
New  York  and  made  his  debut  in  the 
metropolis.  this  paper  appeared  on 
the  1st  of  January,  1853,  and  its  circu- 
lation soon  ran  up  to  TtJ.OUO  copies.  It 
lived    one   year. 

After  the  suspension  of  this  publica- 


— so   many  times  that  everybody  knows 
Col.  George  Harvey. 


FIRST   DAILY    IN    ENGLISH. 


The  first  daily  newspaper  pnutcd  in 
tlie  English  language  was  published  by 
a  woman.  Elizabeth  Mallet  began  the 
publication  uf  the  Daily  Courant  ni 
London  in  March,  17U2. 

.Mrs.  barah  Joscpiia  Hale  was  prob- 
ably the  lirst  to  establish  a  magazine  in 
this  country  wholly  devoted  to  tlie  tastes 
and  interests  of  women.  It  was  not  a 
newspaper  in  any  sense.  It  was  a  maga- 
zine,    .-is    Mrs.    Hale    was    the    lirst    of 


HORACE     aBEEI.S'X'  AITD    WHITEIiAW    BEID. 

tion    or  rather,   after  it  passed  over  to  female   periodical    writers,   it  is    fair  to 

Gleason,  Frank  Leslie  issued  one  which  begin   with   her  enterprise.     In   1827,   in 

is  now  favorably  known  as  Frank  Les-  connection  with  a  Boston  publisher,  she 

lie's   Illustrated  Weekly  established  the  Ladies'  Magazine  m  that 

The  first  number  of  Harper's  Weekly,  ^'y-     ft    was    afterwards    united    with 

a  Journal  of  CiviHzation.  was  issued  on  ^odey  s   Lady  s    Book    of    Philadelphia, 

the    .3d    of    January,    1857.      Before   the  »f  which   Mrs.  Hale  became  the  editor. 

expiration  of  the  first  year  the   events  },1;^  ffi'^l'^^'i'^lL?^  ,!,'l  L'"'.',!!  ,''fl?!: 
of   the   day   began   to   be  pictorially   re- 


ne  led   to  others. 


sucn  as  the  Ladies' 
York  by  W. 


corded     in      its     pages,     and     Harpers    ,^°"'f "'™'  '""^'^  V'      .      ,.         •  '      ■ 
Weekly  had  become  an  illustrated  news-    W.._  Snowden ;    Graham's  .  Magazine, ,  m 
paper.      Its    first    editor    was    Theodora 


Philadelphia,  by  C.  R.  Graham  ;  the  A 
c    t      -  1        r\       c   J      ■  1  '         .-•     „     i.    tist,  Peterson's  Magazine,  the  Gem,  the 
Sedgwick.      On    Sedgwick  s    retirement    -p      -        tti  k      *t         «     ™r,i;Vu«^ 

r-„±  .1 j:.„_:„i  .u„:„  :„  iq«    u^  .....    Passion    Flower,    by    the    accomplished 


from  the  editorial  chai 
succeeded   by  John    B 


1858.  he 

experi- 


daughters  of    Captain    Samuel   G.   Reid, 
and    numerous    others.     These    were    il- 


enced   and   accomplished  journalist,  who  jugtrated  with  steel  and  colored  engrav 

conducted  the  Weekly  for  several  years  ;         g^^,   fashion  plates,  some  of  which 

with  ability  and  tact.     Bonner  was  fol-  ^^^e     verv     creditably     executed.     This 

lowed,  in  1864,  by  Henry  M.  Alden,  the  ^rt,  indeed,   received  its  first   important 

present    editor    of    Harper's    Magazine,  impulse    in    America    from    these    pub- 

S.  S.  Conant  was  then  ed:tor  for  several  lications. 

y^^^^-  The  Lowell  Offering,  originating  with 

It  IS  hardly  necessary  to  mention  the  the    factory    girls    of    Lowell,    in    1840, 

name  of  the  present  editor    of  Harper's  v;as     another     development     of     female 

Weekly,    for    his    name   has    been    men-  writers  in  the  Lhiitcd   States  iii   period- 

tioned    and    printed    millions    of    times  ical   literature.     It   was    filled     with    the 

through     the     paffcs     of     nearly     every  productions  of  factory  girls  or  "female 

newspaper  and  magazine  in  the  country  operatives"  exclusively.  Madame  Demo- 

52 


rest's  .Magazine,  on  the  plan  of  le 
.Mode,  Je  i-'ollett  and  the  Bazar,  was 
established  some  lime  about  1850  in 
.vew   York. 

Mrs.  .M.  Elizabeth  Green  managed 
the  Quincy  (.Mass.;  Patriot  after  the 
ocath  ot  her  husband.  Miss  Piney  \V. 
I-or.sythe  succeeded  her  father  as  pro- 
prietor and  editor  of  the  Libervy 
( -Miss.)   Advocate,  in   1808. 

.\nother  paper  was  issued  in  New 
Y'ork  in  1869  by  the  female  bankers  and 
brokers  of  Broad  s:reet.  It  was  called 
WoodhuU  &  Claflin's  Weekly.  It  was 
a  si.Ktcen-page  paper,  and  dealt  in 
finance  and  fashion,  stock-jobbing  and 
slrong-niinded  women,  sporting  and 
sorosis,  politics  and  president-making.  • 
supporting  a  woman  even  for  the  execu- 
tive mansion.  This  periodical  was 
edited  by  Victoria  C.  VVoodhnil  and 
Tennie  C.  Claflin.  "Upward  and  On- 
ward" was  the  motto,  of  these  editors 
of  crinoline. 

EARLY  NEW  ORLEANS  PAPERS. 

New  Orleans  has  always  been  quite  a 
news  center.  Commerce  of  the  Missis- 
sipi  Valley  to  the  extent  of  millions 
made  that  city  its  main  port  of  entry. 
In  past  years  most  of  the  news  from 
Mexico  came  through  that  port.  It  has 
ever  been  a  converging  southern  center 
of  commerce,  news,  fashion,  sport  and 
politics. 

The  first  paper  published  in  that  sec- 
tion appeared  in  180.3,  and  was  called 
the  Moniteur,  when  the  great  Southwest 
belonged  to  France.  It  was  printed  by 
Fontaine.  The  first  paper  issued  there 
after  the  purchase  of  the  territory  of 
Napoleon  was  the  Louisiana  Courier,  in 
ISOB.  French  was  the  language  spoken 
there  at  that  early  period. 

The  New  Orleans  Bee,  established  in 
1826,  was  printed  in  both  languages  till 
1872.  One-half  of  the  sheet  bore  the 
title  as  above,  in  English;  the  other  half 
was  printed  under  the  head  L'Abeille  de 
la  Nourvelle  Orleans.  It  was  later 
printed  exclusively  in  the  French  lan- 
guage. 

The  Picayune,  printed  entirely  in 
English,  has  long  been  a  representative 
paper  in  the  Crescent  City.  It  was 
originally  a  cheap,  independent  paper 
there,  like  the  Penny  Press  at  the  North, 
and  began  a  new  era  in  journalism  in 
the  South.  It  sold  for  a  picayune  a 
copy.     Hence  its  name. 

The  Picayune  first  appeared  on  the 
2.-]th  of  January,  1837.  Colonel  A.  M. 
Holbrook  took  charge  of  the  establish- 
ment in  June,  1839. 

The  Picayune  has  had  a  great  many 
contributers.  Among  others,  and  in  ad- 
dition to  Kendall,  its  first  editor,  there 
were  Colonel  S.  F.  Wilson,  previously 
of  the  True  Delta  of  that  city  and  of 
the  Mobile  Register ;  Mathew  C.  Field, 
brother  of  J.  M.  Field,  of  the  St.  Louis 
Reveille,  and  Judge  Alexander  C.  Bul- 
litt, who  was  once  connected  with  the 
New  Orleans  Bee  and  afterwards  with 
the  Washington  Republic. 

Kendall  .gave  great  character  to  the 
Picayune  with  his  accounts  of  the  Santa 
Fe  expedition  and  during  the  Mexican 
War.  He  took  the  field  with  our  troops, 
and  his  letters  descriptive  of  the  battles 
in  that  republic  were  among  the  first  of 
the  kind  in  this  country. 

The  great  military  reputation  which 
Jefferson  Davis  and  Braxton  Bragg  en- 
joyed with  the  people  came  from  the 
war  correspondents  of  the  Picayune. 

Kendall  purchased  an  extensive  plan- 
tation in  Texas  and  became  a  landed 
proprietor  on  a  princely  scale — a  fanner, 
a  planter,  a  cattle  fancier,  a  stock  raiser. 
There  he  passed  the  later  years  of  his 
life. 

Several  excellent  newspapers  have 
been  published  in  Alobile.  This  city  did 
not  afford  a  very  liberal  support  to 
many  papers,  but  three  or  four  daily 
newspapers  have  been  published  there 
at  the  same  time.  The  first  paper  ap- 
peared shortly  after  the  evacuation  of 
the  place  by  the  Spaniards,  about  1814. 
We  are   ignorant  of  its  name.     There 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


THE  EDITOR  and  PUBLISHER 

AND  JOURNALIST 

FOR    NEWSPAPER    MAKERS,   ADVERTISERS 

AND  ADVERTISING  AGENTS 

Entered   as   second  class  mail  malter   in   the 

New   York    Post    Office 

By  The   Editor  and  Publisher  Co..   13   to  21  Park  Row, 

New    York    City.       Telephone,    7446    Cortland.      Issued    every 

Saturday.       Subscription,    $2.00    per    year;     Canadian,    $2.50; 


Established  1884.  The  Editor  and  Pub- 
lES  Wright  Brown,  Publisher.  Frank 
Lditor.    George  P.  Leffler,  Business  Man- 


110  S.  Dearborn  St.,  Geo.  B.  Hi; 


1  be  found  on  sale  each  week 


World  Building,  Tribune  Building.  Astor  House.  Park  Row 
Building,  140  Nassau  street,  Manning's,  opposite  the  World 
Building;  33  Park  Row  (in  front  of  Doheln  Cafe);  Times 
Building,  Forty-second  street  and  Broadway;  Brentano's  Book 
Store.^   26th    street    and    Fifth    avenue,    and    Mack's,    opposite 


New  York.  Saturday,  April  26,  1913 

IN    CONVENTION   ASSEMBLED. 

After  all  it  is  not  the  price  of  white  paper  and 
tariff  considerations  that  occupy  pre-eminently  the 
mind  of  the  publisher  when  he  makes  his  annual 
pilgrimiage  to  New  York  City  to  attend  the  meet- 
ings of  the  American  Newspaper  Publishers'  Asso- 
ciation and  the  Associated  Press.  No  such  sordid 
matters  bother  his  mind,  though  for  a  time  he  and 
his   aids   are  obliged  to   give  them  attention. 

Association  is  the  great  objective.  To  be  sure, 
one  delights  to  listen  to  talks  on  efficiency,  now  the 
keynote  of  every  address;  ill-advised  but  well-mean- 
ing persons  may  even  go  cs  far  as  to  broach  things 
more  sordid,  but  on  the  whole  the  event  exists  for 
the  purpose  of  meeting  "ComraJes-in-L.\rms."  With 
many  a  reminiscent  smile  the  yesterday  is  gone  over 
and  the  complete  rela>:i:.tion  of  forgetting  oneself, 
and  all  the  little  worries  of  business,  is  enjoyed  to 
the  full.  For  once  the  watchers  of  the  human  flux 
join  a  little  procession  of  their  own  and  revel  in 
the  experience. 

To  meet  men  is  the  daily  lot — the  very  breath  of 
life — of  most  publishers  and  editors.  But  the  men 
met  lack  that  something  which  makes  newspaper 
men  different  from  all  others,  which  compels  many 
to  stick  to  ''the  game"  even  when  it  does  not  seem 
worth  'while,  and  which  makes  a  success  of  life 
when  material  sacrifices  become  the  rule  of  the 
day — the  only  gratification  of  a  lifetime.  To  forego, 
therefore,  the  atmosphere  created  by  a  community 
of  interest  end  ideal  is  something  which  the  mem- 
bers of  the  two  organizations  would  be  loath  to  do.  , 

Though  in  many  quarters  different  views  are  held, 
have  always  been  held  for  that  matter,  It  is  highly 
unfair  to  look  upon  the  owners  and  directors  of 
the  large  dailies  as  men  bent  upon  minding  nobody's 
busineess  but  their  own — caring  for  none  but  them- 
selves. On  the  whole,  the  press  and  its  m'akers  are 
better  to-day  than  they  ever  'have  been.  If  no  bet- 
ter motive  would  be  found  for  their  willingness  to 
put  the  shoulder  to  the  wheel  of  human  advance, 
then  enlightened  self-interest  at  least  would  cause 
them  to  remain  in  the  van  of  progress.  In  our  day 
the  newspaper  that  fails  to  do  its  duty  by  the  public 
i=  a  short-lived  failure.  Though  the  chmoring  of 
the   radicals   be   ignored,   the  demand  of  the  public 


must  be  heeded,  and  as  the  mouthpiece  of  ail,  the 
newspaper  hears  this  first. 

Between  public  and  press  a  peculiar  relation  has 
always  existed.  Just  as  liiw  is  merely  the  codifica- 
tion of  public  morality  already  felt  and  applied,  so 
the  newspaper  focuses  social  conditions  and  better- 
ment. The  pen  is  only  mightier  than  the  sword 
when  it  is  able  to  interpret  the  will  of  the  aggre- 
gate; whenever  this  has  not  been  the  case  the 
unsheathed   sword  liLis   written  bloody  history. 

Such  meetings  are  good  things.  Whatever  ben- 
efits the  publisher  must  benefit  the  public.  Ex- 
change of  views  broadens  and  the  little  important 
lessons  which  are  hard  to  notice  in  some  editorial 
chairs  are  more  easily  learned  when  men  of  the 
same  station  in  life  are  the  mentors.  Thus  the  lan- 
nuUl  hegira  to  the  metropolis  of  the  United  States 
becomes  one  of  the  important,  if  not  the  most  im- 
I-ortant  public  events  of  the  country. 


AMERICAN  JOURNALISM. 

In  Europe  the  pampheteer  had  been  busy  for  many 
a  century  and  had  wrought  changes  advantageous  to 
society.  Every  political  and  intellectual  betterment 
in  the  old  world  had  been  preceded  by  what  was  then 
considered  a  veritable  flood  of  literary  arguments 
pro  and  con  fthe  statu  quo.  The  intellectual'  renais- 
sance on  the  continent  and  the  British  islands  could 
not  have  been  accomplished  in  so  short  a  time  and 
with  such  splendid  results  had  there  been  no  pens 
ihat  could  aptly  express  the  sentiment  of  the  multi- 
tude, define  the  advantages  ito  be  derived  from  a  new 
tendency  and  point  out  the  pitfalls  of  the  radicalism 
with  which  social  evolution  has  in  all  ages  been  af- 
flicted. True,  here  and  there  writers  carried  their 
bents  to  extremes,  but  in  the  end  tthe  restraining  in- 
fluence of  the  printed  word — of  cold  type — prevented 
excesses.  Carried  away  by  the  haranguing  dema- 
gogue mobs  have  been  guilty  of  the  worst  out- 
rages; the  argument  of  the  printed  page  has  led  to 
consideration  of  'the  subject  in  less  impassioned  en- 
vironments. The  atrocities  of  the  French  revolu- 
tion could  not  mar  the  history  of  its  achievements; 
had  the  sans  coulottes  taken  their  advice  from  more 
than  one  newspaper  there  would  have  been  in 
France  real  liberty  of  the  press. 

It  was  the  Stamp  Act  that  broke  the  camel's  back 
in  the  case  of  the  American  colonies.  Inroads  upon 
the  right  of  freemen  had  been  endured  by  the  colo- 
nists for  many  years,  but  when  the  Stamp  Act  pro- 
posed to  wipe  out  the  few  publications  in  America, 
the  death  knell  of  colonial  exploitation  was  sounded. 
Alreadj-  many  newspapers  were  in  existence.  Most 
of  them  had  made  their  appearance  as  organs  with  a 
strictly  local  field.  Favors  bestowed  by  the  Govern- 
ment made  a  general  support  of  ihem  impossible. 
But  'the  Stamp  Act  changed  all  this.  Heretofore  the 
public  had  looked  upon  newspaper.^  very  much  as 
one  would  upon  a  scandalmonger.  Public  questions 
had  been  discussed  with  the  bias  of  those  who  sup- 
ported publications  for  purposes  of  gain,  and  as  a 
result  of  this,  thinking  men  preferred  to  give  the 
press  a  wide  berth.  But  sumptuary  legislation  opened 
another  vista.  Of  a  sudc'en  the  colonists  realized 
that  the  press  was  a  good  instrumer-c  which,  a"- 
tempting  to  make  itself  really  useful,  encountered 
the  mailed  hand  of  those  who  had  decided  that  it 
should  not  do  so.  Thus,  hostile  interference  gave 
to  the  press  of  this  country  high  character. 

It  has  always  been  dangerous  to  make  martyrs  of 
advocates  The  men  behind  the  Stamp  Act  could 
not  understand  this,  and  when  the  lesson  went 
home,  the  few  newspapers  of  the  colonies  had  the 
hearty  support  of  the  general  public.  .Then,  as  now, 
it  was  but  necessary  for  an  editor  to  get  i  term 
in  jail  to  make  'his  paper  popular,  and,  as  will  be 
shown  in  another  part,  in  the  end  the  Government 
completely  lost  a  fight  conducted  on  this  plan.  Jeffer- 
son's speech  before  the  Virginia  House  of  Burgesses 
would  have  had  less  weight,  if  any  at  all.  had  noit  its 
publication  by  an  outraged  press,  secured  the  ap- 
proval of  the  public. 

The  struggle  of  the  early  editors  have  been   de- 

53 


scribed  elsewhere  and  no  reiteration  is  neces-ary. 
From  the  little  acorns  they  planted  mighty  oijks  'have 
already  sprung.  The  little  sheets  of  the  colonial  pe- 
riod had  reached  generous  proportions  when  they 
sadly  announced  that  the  great  Washington  Had  been 
laid  to  rest.  By  that  time  men  had  already  learned 
how  to  use  type  to  advantage,  and  a  newspaper  style 
of  English  was  rUpidly  evolving.  Editors  no  longer 
set  their  own  type,  and  the  old  lever  press  had 
made  room  for  an  apparatus  able  to  turn  out  com- 
paratively large  editions. 

In  at  least  one  essential,  the  greatest  of  all,  does 
the  press  of  the  United  States  differ  from  that  of  any 
other  country.  The  press  of  Great  Britain  tacitly 
admits  that  there  are  lords  and  servants;  that  of 
France  does  not  hesitate  to  grant  the  presumptions 
of  a  politically  extinct  privileged  class;  the  news- 
papers of  Germany  deal  with  castes  and  social  dis- 
tinctions based  on  merit  and  attainment,  and  similar 
views  are  supported  elsewhere. 

The  press  of  the  United  States  alone  knows  no 
classes  and  treats  all  men  as  equals  in  the  body  pol- 
itic and  before  the  law.  In  all  history  there  is  no 
parallel  to  this.  It  is  not  ii  question  of  giving  the 
individual  his  due  as  this  is  established  for  his  class, 
but  preserving  for  him  the  rights  he  should  enjoy 
with  every  other  member  of  the  social  aggregate. 


THE  PULITZER  NEWSPAPER  APPRAISAL. 

The  appraisal  of  the  Pulitzer  newspapers  is  a  mat- 
ter of  deep  concern  to -all- the  newspaper  publishers 
of  the  country,  because  upon  it  depends  the  settle- 
ment of  a  number  of  important  questions  affecting 
the  w-orth  of  newspaper  properties.  Two  of  these' 
involve  the  value  of  the  Associated  Press  franchises 
held  by  the  World  and  the  St.  Louis  Post  Dispatch, 
belonging  to  the  Pulitzer  estate,  and  the  good  will 
of  both   properties. 

At  recent  conferences  among  owners  and  pub- 
lishers of  lead.ng  papers  and  magazines  this  subject 
has  been  debated  seriously,  and  deep  interest  is  being 
shown  as  to  the  testimony  which  has  been  given  by 
newspaper  men.  who,  rumor  says,  have  been  testify- 
ing for  the  State.  Several  newspaper  publishers 
have  said  recentl}',  that,  although  they  have  been 
requested  by  Mr.  Stout,  the  attorney  for  the  State 
in. the  Pulitzer  appraisal,  to  appear  as  experts  and 
testify  as  to  the  value  of  the  World  and  the  St.  Louis 
Post-Dispatch,  they  had  refused  to  do  so,  as  they 
regarded  such  an  appearance  as  a  decidedly  un- 
frieridly  act  toward  one  of  their  colleagues. 

Judging  by  the  names  of  those,  who,  it  is  rumored, 
have  already  appeared  at  the  hearing,  the  newspaper 
world  will  ha\-e  interesting  reading  when  their  testi- 
mony is  made  public,  for  the  subjects  what  is  good- 
will, and  what  is  its  value  in  any  newspaper,  have 
been  topics  for  heated  debates  ever  since  newspaper 
properties  have  been  the  subject  of  valuation. 

As  the  transfer  tax  is  imposed  upon  the  transfers 
to  each  beneficiary  under  the  present  law,  and  not 
upon  the  transfer  as  a  whole  as  under  the  former 
law%  discussion  is  going  on  as  to  whether  or  not  a 
testator  by  any  provision  in  his  will,  which  he  may 
lawfully  make  or  impose,  but  which  may  depreciate 
the  value  of  the  individual  transfers,  has  the  right  to 
decrease  the  value  of  the  individual  transfers,  and 
indirectly,  that  of  the  whole  transfer 

Under  the  former  law,  where  the  transfer  as  a 
whole  was  the  basis  of  the  tax,  such  question  would 
not  have  been  so  difficult  of  solution,  but  where  the 
tax  is  imposed  upon  each  individual  transfer,  a  more 
serious  question  is  presented  as  to  how  the  State 
may  impose  a  tax  upon  the  value  actually  left,  but 
which  reaches  the  individual  transferees  with  di- 
minished values. 

In  this  latter  case,  the  individual  transferee  cannot 
be  said  to  have  depreciated  the  value  of  his  interest: 
wdiereas,  in  actual  operation,  the  full  taxable  value 
may  not  be  reached.  Were  there  any  way  for  the 
State  to  reach  all  otlier  values  which  may  not  pass 
to  the  individual,  this  question  would  not  be  raised, 
but  with  the  present  transfer  tax  law  a  curious  situa- 
tion is  presented. 


THE   EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


was  a  paper  called  the  Gazette  issued  in 
that  city  in  July,  1817. 

The  Register  is  now  the  oldest  pa- 
per. It  was  established  in  December, 
1821.  There  were  two  old  class  papers 
published  there  then,  the  Register,  Dem- 
ocratic, by  Sanford  &  Wilson,  and  the 
Advertiser,  Whig,  by  C.  C.  Langdon, 
once  Mayor  of  the  city. 

The  .Advertiser,  mentioned  above, 
was  established   in   183.3.     It  issued,   in 


Henry  Guy  Carlton  and  a  number  of 
other  literary  luminaries  won  their  first 
fame  in  the  columns  of  the  Times- 
Democrat. 

In  1882  it  gave  relief  to  the  sufTerers 
from  the  great  overflow  of  that  year, 
and  undertook  the  gigantic  task  of 
bringing  about  the  rebuilding  of  the  de- 
stroyed levees.  The  Times-Democrat 
took  the  matter  in  hand  and,  by  its  per- 
sonal eiTort  and  solicitations,  succeeded 
in  raising  the  money  for  the  reconstruc- 
tion of  the  Bonnet  Carre  levee,  the  first 
to  be  rebuilt. 

Beginning  in  1882,  it  had  provided 
boats  to  relieve  and  rescue  the  sufferers 
from  the  great  o\erflow  of  that  year, 
raising  the  $15,000  needed.  In  the  great 
drought  in  north  Louisiana,  where  so 
many  persons  were  threatened  with 
starvation,  it  raised  in  money  and  pro- 
visions $10,000,  and  thus  saved  hundreds 
of  lives.  When  the  Wesson  tornado 
swept  through  Southern  Mississippi,  kill- 
ing and  wounding  hundreds  and  causing 
thousands  of  dollars  of  damage,  the 
Times-Democrat  sent  a  train  with  phy- 
sicians, medicines  and  supplies  aboard  it. 

It  publishes  carefully  collected  crop 
news,  and  its  cotton  reports  and  its  cot- 
ton articles  are  recognized  throughout 
the  world  as  authorities  on  the  subject. 

THE  TELEGRAPHIC  ERA. 

VARIOUS    MODES    OF    TRANSMITTING    INTEL- 
LICENCE     FOR     NEWSPAPERS  —  CARRIER 
IIGEONS    AND    BALLOONS — INTRO- 
UCTION    OF   THE   TELEGRAPH. 

When  the  News-Letter  was  the  only 
paper  printed  in  America,  it  had  but 
three  hundred  weekly  circulation.  When 
the  Gazette  and  Mercury  in  Boston,  the 


between  distant  points  anterior  to  the 
magnetic  telegraph,  previous  to  1844, 
none  surpassed  the  carrier  pigeon  for 
speed.  Next  to  light  and  electricity, 
these  beautiful  birds  are  the  most  rapid 
in  their  flights.  They  were  used  in 
1249  in  the  crusade  of  Louis  IX.  In 
the  midst  of  the  battle  of  Mansourah, 
a  pigeon  was  dispatched  by  the  Sara- 
cens, in  great  alarm,  to  Cairo.  This 
pigeon  carried  this  message  under  its 
wing; 

"At  the  moment  of  starting  this  bird 
the  enemy  attacked  Mansourah;  a  ter- 
rible battle  is  being  fought  between  the 
Christians    and    Mussulmans." 

This  threw  that  city  into  a  state  of 
great  commotion.  Another  pigeon  was 
sent  off  late  in  the  afternoon  announc- 
ing the  total  defeat  of  the  French. 
Since  then  carrier  pigeons  have  been 
more  or  less  used  by  journalists,  specu- 
lators and  governments.  They  are 
swift  flyers  and  can  go  long  distances 
without  intermission.  1  heir  speed  ranges 
from  forty  to  seventy-five  miles  an 
hour.  They  have  been  known  to  fly,  in 
a  few  instances,  at  the  rate  of  one 
hundred   miles   an   hour. 

On  one  occasion,  during  the  siege  of 
the  French  capital  in  1870,  a  carrier 
pigeon  carried  into  that  city  a  newspa- 
per 4%  inches  square,  with  226  dis- 
patches microscopically  photographed 
upon  it,  embracing  the  news  of  the  day 
from  all  parts  of  the  world.  This 
paper  had  to  be  read  by  the  aid  of  a 
powerful  microscope  and  the  steropti- 
con. 

Something  else  was  needed  to  satisfy 
the  craving,  grasping  mind  of  a  mod- 
ern journalist.  The  great  desideratum, 
in  the  form  of  the  magnetic  telegraph. 


November,  1852,  an  afternoon  edition, 
called  the  Evening  News.  Another  pa- 
per, named  the  Tribune,  was  founded 
in  1842,  and  still  another,  a  State  Rights 
organ,  with  the  title  of  Mercury  flying 
at  its  head,  was  established  on  the  12th 
of  August,  1857.  There  was  a  penny 
paper,  the  Transcript,  published  for  a 
time. 

NEW  ORLEANS  TIMES-DEMOCRAT 

The  Times  made  its  appearance  Sep- 
tember 20,  1863.  The  new  paper,  issued 
by  Thomas  P.  May  &  Co.,  was  author- 
ized to  publish  all  official  reports,  and 
was  thus  able  to  give  a  great  deal  of 
news.  In  1805  it  passed  into  the  hands 
of  W.  H.  C.  King. 

It  was  one  of  the  first  papers  in  the 
country  to  issue  a  Sunday  literary  sec- 
tion or  supplement — an  idea  since  gen- 
erally adopted,  and  naturally  carried  be- 
yond what  the  Times  did  in  1865,  al- 
though for  that  period  it  was  a  literary 
wonder.  For  seven  years,  from  1865  to 
1872,  the  Times  maintained  its  position 
as  a  leading  paper  of  New  Orleans  and 
the  South,  both  as  to  its  name  and  its 
literary  articles.  It  fell  in  1872,  in  the 
fight  it  made  for  the  popular  cause 
against  the  carpet  baggers.  In  conse- 
quence of  its  bitter  denunciation  of  the 
famous  midnight  order  of  Judge  Durell. 
of  the  United  States  District  Court,  an 
order  which  overturned  the  government 
elected  by  the  people,  the  Times  was 
seized  by  order  of  court  and  sold.  It 
passed  into  other  hands,  but  never  re- 
covered its  circulation,  prestige  or  repu- 
tation, and  remained  stationary  until,  in 
1881.  it  was  sold  and  consolidated  with 
the  Democrat. 

The  Democrat  was  founded  in  1875  bj 
a  number  oif  leading  Democrats  for  a 
political  pose,  and  Robert  Tyler,  son  of 
ex-President  Tyler,  was  chosen  as  edi- 
tor. Originally  a  morning  paper,  it  be- 
came an  evening  one  in  J\lay,  1876,  and 
went  back  to  a  morning  edition  in  Jan- 
uary, 1877.  It  passed  into  the  hands  ot 
Major  E.  A,  Burke,  April  27,^  1879,  and 
was  consolidated  with  the  Times,  now 
the  Times-Democrat. 

Page  M.  Baker  succeeded  to  the  man- 
agement of  the  paper  in  1889,  and  car- 
ried the  previous  development  to  its 
highest  point  of  success. 

Erwin  Russell.  Bessie  Bisland,  Orth 
Stein,  Jeanette   Duncan,  Willis  Abbott, 


Baltimore  in  May  of  that  year  that  the 
value  of  this  new  and  wonderful  means 
of  communication  was  made  manifest 
to  the  world. 

When  the  war  with  Mexico  opened 
in  May,  1846,  with  the  dashing  battles 
of  Palo  Alto  and  Resaca  de  la  Palma, 
the  tidings  of  these  engagements  were 
telegraphed  from  Washington,  and  were 
the  first  to  electrify  the  people  of  the 
United  States.  With  these  brilliant  con- 
flicts on  the  Rio  Grande  the  telegraphic 
era  of  the  press  really  began. 

Eighty-two  years  ago  Morse,  coming 
from  Europe,  first  conceived  the  idea  ot 
the  telegraph.  More  than  half  of  the 
business  of  the  world  is  now  transacted 
through  its  agency,  and  most  of  the 
news  of  the  universe  is  transmitted  over 
its  wires,  saying  nothing  of  wireless 
communications. 

The  first  thirty-six  miles  of  wire  were 
put  up  in  the  United  States  in  1844.  In 
the  year  1913  we  find  that  the  American 
Telephone  and  Telegraph  Co.  and  subsi- 
diaries have  in  the  United  States  over 
12,000,000  miles  of  telegraph  wires,  over 
which  24,000,000  messages  and  conversa- 
tions were  transmitted  during  1912. 
There  are  over  28,000,000  miles  of  tele- 
phone wire  in  the  world,  connecting  with 
nearly  13,000,000  different  stations. 
There  were  362,000,000  telegraphic  mes- 
sages transmitted  in  countries  outside  of 
the  United  States  during  1912,  not 
counting  in  those  of  the  submarine 
cables.  There  are  407  different  subma- 
rine cable  lines  in  the  world,  stretching 
over  a  distance  of  226,000  nautical  miles. 
It  is  over  these  wires  and  cables  our 
newspapers  gather  most  of  the  news. 

But  wireless  communication  beats  all 
other  electrical  inventions  and  comes 
nearer  being  transmission  of  thought 
from  one  mind  to  another  than  any 
method  the  world  has  ever  known.  Can 
we  not  prophesy  a  little  and  say  that  it 
is  a  forerunner  of  some  still  greater  in- 
vention that  will  be  invented  enabling 
man  to  communicate  direct  with  his 
Creator,  whose  throne  is  yet  beyond  the 
confines  of  our  strongest  and  most  pierc- 
ing power  of  imagination?  Since  the 
human  mind  is  nearest  in  intelligence  to 
the  Creator  of  the  whole  Universe,  let 
us  console  ourselves  with  the  hope  that 
such  a  prophecy  will  some  day  come 
true. 

With  these  electrical  connections  with 
the  rest  of  the  world,  we  are  depend- 
ent on  our  daily  telegraphic  dispatches. 


THE   I^ATE   JOSEPH  XLEiDII.1;, 

Founder   of    tlie    Chicago    Tribune. 


Mercury  in  Philadelphia  and  the  Ga- 
zette in  New  York  were  added  to  the 
number,  all  within  the  period  of  twenty 
years  of  the  first  issue  of  the  News-Let- 
ter, and  with  only  a  small  increase  in 
population  the  weekly  circulation  of 
these  five  papers  reached  an  aggregate 
of  two  or  three  thousand  copies. 

Fast  horses  in  the  time  of  Reeside,  the 
great  mail  contractor  in  the  days  of 
mail  coaches;  carrier  pigeons,  with  their 
tissue-paper  dispatches  prepared  in 
cipher,  locomotives,  steamboats  and 
telegraphic  lines  have  been  the  progres- 
sive steps  in  developing  the  physical 
forces  of  the  world.  While  canals,  rail- 
roads, steamships,  telegraphs  have  occu- 
pied the  minds  of  active  and  acquisitive 
business  men,  these  same  enterprises 
have  entered  extensively  into  the  dreams 
and  calculations  of  journalists,  as  nec- 
essary parts  of  the  machinery  of  well- 
organized  newspaper  establishments. 
Means  of  swift  communication  have  al- 
ways been  a  study  in  the  offices  of 
leading  journals. 

Of  all  these  means  of  communication 

54 


was  discovered  and  put  into  practical 
operation  by  Morse.  It  is  of  no  conse- 
quence to  us  when  electricity  was  first 
known  as  an  agent  of  communication 
if  it  could  not  be  brought  into  practical 
use.  The  point  was  the  power  to  trans- 
mit a  message  instantaneously  from  one 
city  to  another.  News  of  a  disastrous 
event  happening  in  Chicago  at  midnight 
and  published  in  New  York  and  Lon- 
don the  next  morning  to  arouse  the 
sympathy  and  sublime  generosity  of  the 
people  was  the  fact  to  be  accomplished. 
jMorse  did  this  in  1844  by  establishing 
a  telegraph  line  between  Washington 
and  Baltimore  through  the  h^lp  of  the 
government,  and  thus  he  became  a 
benefactor,  not  to  the  press  alone,  but 
to  the  human  race. 

Except  with  the  two  or  three  tele- 
graph operators,  and  the  two  or  three 
owners  of  the  patent  right,  there  was 
no  interest  or  excitement  about  the 
marvelous    instrument. 

It  was  not  till  the  nomination  of 
Silas  Wright  for  the  Vice-Presidency  by 
the  National  Democratic  convention  at 


It  would  be  a  dies  non  if  there  was  a 
suspension  of  news  between  the  rising 
and  setting  of  the  sun.  All  business 
would  stop  in  the  absence  of  the  regu- 
lar cable  and  telegrams. 

The  daily  press,  yes,  the  hourly  press, 
is  the  great  megaphone  through  which 
we  hear  the  heart  beats  of  people  living 
in  all  foreign  lands — it's  the  spectacle 
through  which  we  see  the  follies  of  the 
human  race  every  morning  and  evening. 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


The  Mew  York  World. 


f      A  Talk  ho  Ad ver Users        t 

The  Proof  of  the  Puddin'  is  in  the  Eatin'  .  '  ' 

The  Railroad  that  is  most  heavily  patronized  must  run 
througli  a  Good  Country 

The  Business  House  that  sells  the  greatest  volume  of  Goods 
year  after  year  must  be  a  good  House  and  handle  good- Goods. 

The  Newspaper  that  grows  in  Circulation  and  grows  in 
Advertising,  despite  already  possessing  colossal  totals,  is  as 
the  Sturdy  Oak  or  the  House  that  was  not  "built  upon  the  Sand  and 
withstood  the  storming  of  the  Elements, 

The  New  York  World  (all  editions)  sold  over  a  Quarter  of  a 
Billion  papers  last  year — 263,860,950,  to  "be  exact.   This  repre- 
sented a  healthy  growth  on  all  editions.  Nearly  Nineteen  Million 
lines  of  advertising  were  printed- — 18,774,393,  again  to  he  exact. 
This  is  the  greatest  volume  of  advertising  ever  printed  in  one 
year  in  a  Newspaper  property. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  «* 

So  much  advertising  is  placed  Somewhere  because  Someone  needs 
Something  to  help  out  Somehow.   What  a  refreshing  change  when 
an  advertisement  Is  placed  In  a  medium  like  The  World  that  offers 
the  inducement  of  Circulation  and  economically  places  hefore 

the  Million  the  Advertiser's  announcement. 

*«      *      ***** 

Any  General  Advertiser  expending  money  in  the  Eastern  field 

who  has  any  doubt  on  the  score  of  the  Advertising  value  of  the 

New  York  World  owes  it  to  its  Business  to  Investigate  at  once — 

The  World  will  help  him. 


The  Advertising  Golumns  of  The  New  York 
World  are  as  a  Show  Window  on  a  Main  Street,  in 
Daily  View  of  Over  a  Million  Pair  of  Eyes. 


55 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


A  Story  of  The  Associated  Press 


By  MELVILLE  E.   STONE 


The  story  of  the  Associated  Press  is 
essentially  the  development  of  news- 
gathering,  and  dates  back  to  1848,  the 
year  in  which  the  first  organization 
known  by  that  name  came  into  ex- 
istence. The  invention  of  the  Morse 
telegraph,  and  the  demonstration  of  its 
value,  in  1848,  made  this  important 
phase  of  American  journalism  possible. 
The  first  president  of  the  .\ssociated 
Press  was  Gerard  Hallock,  and  its  first 
manager.  Dr.  Ale.x.  Jones.  The  mem- 
bership was  limited  to  six  or  seven  New 
York  daily  papers  and  the  organization 
existed  solely  for  the  purpose  of  sup- 
plying these  with  news  of  a  routine 
character,  though  very  shortly  after- 
wards a  number  of  out-of-town  papers 
were  given  the  right  to  use  the  report. 
.^t  that  time,  however,  the  service  fur- 
nished was  not  based  on  an  exchange  of 
news,  the  papers  in  the  interior  being 
merely  supplied  with  the  matter  orig- 
inating in  and  about  New    York  City 

In  those  early  days  the  field  of  the 
.\ssociated  Press  was  limited.  Tele- 
graph lines  as  yet  were  few  in  num- 
ber and  limited  in  efficiency,  and  no 
less  a  nerson  than  Dr.  Jones,  in  18.52, 
declared  as  absurd  the  contention  that 
ultimately  a  submarine  cable  would 
bring  the  news  from  Europe.  More- 
over, men  had  not  been  trained  to  do 
the  work  done  by  the  organization  to- 
day. Naturally,  this  resulted  in  a 
service  to  which  modern  editors  would 
give  very  little  attention.  Domestic 
news  was  often  days  old  when  it  reach- 
ed the  telegraph,  and  the  news  from 
Europe  and  the  rest  of  the  world  had 
to  be  brought  to  the  United  States  by 
the  clipper  ships  of  that  Deriod.  which, 
though  fleet,  could  not  hope  to  bring 
what  is  considered  "live"  news  to-day. 

However,  editors  were  keen  upon 
scoops  even  in  those  days,  and  many 
an  effort  was  made  to  demonstrate 
the  laggardness  of  competitors.  One  of 
the  most  interesting  of  these  is  that 
of  D.  H.  Craig  then  'fighting  the  Asso- 
ciated Press,  whn  secured  one  of  the 
earliest  SCOOPS  in  the  history  of  modern 
journalism  by  having  homing  pigeons 
carrv  a  dispatch  from  the  Maine  coast 
to  New  York  City  much  to  the  discom- 
fiture of  his  riv.ils.  Recognizing  the 
value  of  such  enterprise  Mr.  Craig  was 
elected  General  manao-er  hv  the  .Ass'^- 
clated  Press.  'Hr.  Hallock  retired  in 
ISfil.  and  Mr.  iCrai"-  was  succeeded  in 
ISHG  by  Tames  W.  Simonton,  David  M. 
Stone  being  then  president. 
_  It  must  be  stated  here  that  at  this 
time  the  field  of  the  organization  was 
rather  limited.  The  service  consi'sted 
entirely  of  routine  news  very  similar 
*o  that  gii-pn  to-dav  bv  the  city  new« 
b",reans.  The  report  was  made  un  of 
shiminF^  market  and  snorting  items. 
and  considcrnldc  altcntirm  was  naid  tn 
the  transactions  of  Cnn;;Tcss.  hut  the 
general  news  of  the  dav,  now  for'ning 
the  major  part  of  the  .^ssnciated  Press 
report,  received  little  attention. 

The  trans-atlantic  cble  cnah'ed  the 
Associated  Press,  in  1R62.  to  form  an 
alliance  with  the  Renter  News  -\gency 
of  Enrone.  The  onranization.  however. 
was  still  owne.l  by  seven  New  York 
papers  and  gathered  onlv  such  news  as 
these  wanted.  leaving  the  field  open  to 
competition  between  even  these.  The 
inland  n^rer?  did  not  find  this  arrange- 
ment satisfactory.  The  report  was  merely 
sold  to  them  and  nn<=equently  they  had 
no  say  w'-nte\'er  'v>  the  mana?-ement  of 
the  organizition.  In  the  end  this  l^d  to 
friction  and  Rnallv  the  creation  of  the 
Western  .Association.  It  was  realized 
idtimat''lv  that  the  Western  publishers 
h^.l  a  iust  fTrievance  and  two  of  them. 
Richard  Smith,  of  Cincinnati,  and  W. 
H.  Haldeman,  of  Ijouisville.  ^vere 
iplaccd  on  the  executive  committee  of 
the  Associated  Press,  ioining  Whitelaw 
Reid  and  lanT-s  Gordon  Bennet.  who. 
together  with  Chas.  A.  Dana,  chairman, 


formed  the  Eastern  contingent.  The 
agreement  then  made  was  in  force  for 
ten  years. 

Wm.  Henry  Smith,  appointed  general 
manager  by  the  new  organization,  made 
a  successful  attempt  to  extend  the  scope 
of  the  service.  Telegraph  wires  were 
leased  and  operated  by  the  organization, 
and  many  improvements  generally  were 
made.  The  employes  of  the  associa- 
tion were  more  familiar  with  the 
technical  side  of  telegraphy  than  with 
the  intricacies  of  a  good  news  report. 
Mr.  Smith  did  everything  possible  to 
overcome  this,  but  the  resulting  service 
could  not  be  compared  with  the  report 
furnished  by  the  Associated  Press  to- 
day. 

Rival  organizations  of  the  Asso- 
ciated Press  came  into  existence  about 
this  time  because  membership  was  more 
exclusive  than  it  is  to-day,  and  the  de- 


connections  abroad.  With  this  in  view 
an  agreemeent  was  reached  with  the 
Renter  agency  and  this,  no  doubt, 
proved  very  disastrous  to  the  United 
Press.  It  was  then  realized  that  the 
Western  Association  would  gain  much 
by  securing  a  base  in  New  York  City, 
and  in  co-operation  with  Victor  F.  Law- 
son,  of  the  Chicago  Daily  News,  1  was 
able  to  induce  Horace  White,  of  the 
New  York  Evening  Post;  Joseph 
Pulitzer,  of  the  World,  and  John 
Cockerill.  of  the  Commercial  Adver- 
tiser, to  join  the  organization  I  repre- 
sented. Very  shortly  after  this  the 
Staats  Zeitung,  Morning  Advertiser 
and  the  Brooklyn  Eagle  also  joined  the 
Western  Association,  and  at  a  meeting 
held  at  Chicago  the  Associated  Press 
was  reorganized  as  a  national  institu- 
tion. 

In    time    Philadelphia    papers.    New 


itii:i;vii.i,i:  s.  STon-E. 


mands  of  the  readers  had  become  very 
insistent.  With  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Co.  the  Associated  Press  had 
a  contract  which  made  it  impossible  for 
competing  neAvs  agencies  or  news  asso- 
ciations to  become  very  efficient.  But 
the  coming  of  other  telegraph  com- 
panies changed  this.  Promoted  largely 
by  the  Boston  Daily  Globe  and  the  Chi- 
cago Daily  Herald,  the  United  Press 
made  its  appearance,  and  allying  itself 
with  the  Central  News  Agency  of  Lon- 
don, became  quite  a  factor  in  the 
transmission  of  news  to  and  in  the 
United  States.  In  1892  a  compromise 
between  the  Associated  Press  and  the 
United  Press  was  effecteed.  But  the 
Western  Associated  Press  refused  to 
sanction  the  agreement  which  had  been 
entered  into  by  the  'New  Y^ork  Asso- 
ciated Press,  and  for  some  time  con- 
tinued business  independently.  It  was 
at  this  time  that  I  was  elected  general 
manager  of  the  Western  .Association. 

My  ifirst  effort  in  office  was  directed 
towards  extending  the  Associated  Press 


England  papers  and  most  of  the  New 
York  dailies  abandoned  the  United 
Press  and  joined  the  -Associated  Press 
But  the  revenues  of  the  organization  did 
no  longer  meet  the  needs  of  the 
service.  Deficits  were  frequent  occur- 
rences, and,  to  meet  them,  and  extend 
the  work  of  the  association,  the  mem- 
bers subscribed  a  large  guarantee  fund. 
The  wisdom  of  this  step  was  demon- 
strated immediately,  and  on  .\pril  8, 
1897,  Mr.  Dana,  of  the  'New  Y'ork  Sun, 
made  a  voluntary  bankruptcy  assign- 
ment in  behalf  of  the  United  Press. 
On  the  same  date  between  200  and  300 
members  of  the  United  Press  were  ad- 
mitted to  membership  in  the  Asso- 
ciated Press. 

A  small  number  of  papers  for  one 
rejson  or  another  were  either  unwilling 
or  unable  to  join  the  Associated  Press, 
and  this  led,  and  is  leading  to-day,  to 
the  formation  of  news  bureaus  more  or 
less  efficient  but  hardly  ever  of  a  na- 
tional  scope. 

In    1899    the    Associated    Press    had 


some  difficulty  with  one  of  its  Chicago 
members,  litigation  ensued  kind  the  Su- 
preme Lourt  of  Illinois  finally  rendered 
a  decision  adverse  to  the  or.ganization. 
It  became  necessary  to  organize  a  new 
Associated  Press,  and  on  May  22,  I'JOO, 
this  new  organization  was  incorporated 
under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New 
York. 

The  Associated  Press  to-day  covers  a 
wider  field  than  anv  other  similar  in- 
stitution of  its  character.  Its  dispatches 
appear  in  daily  publications  having  an 
aggregate  issue  of  nearly  twenty  million 
copies,  and  the  field  covered  includes 
not  only  the  United  States  and  its  de- 
pendencies but  all  of  Central  .America 
and  the  islands  of  the  Caribbean  Sea. 
In  addition,  the  organization  maintains 
in  many  of  the  capitals  of  Europe  ac- 
credited correspondents,  and  its  repre- 
sentatives may  be  found  in  the  big 
cities  and  principal  ports  of  the  civil- 
ized world. 

.An  exchange  of  news  is  also  carried 
on  with  the  principal  foreign  news 
agencies  and  associations,  such  as  the 
Renter  agency,  the  Wolf  service,  the 
Havas  bureau,  the  Stefani  agency,  the 
Fabri  agency  of  Madrid,  the  Norsky 
agency  of  Christiania,  the  Swiss  agency 
of  Bern,  the  Svensky  agency  of  Stock- 
holm, the  Correspondence  Bureau  of 
Vienna,  the  Commercial  agency  of  St. 
Petersburg  and  the  .Agence  Balcanique 
of  Sofia. 

The  operation  of  the  Associated 
tress,  while  a  familiar  subject  with 
many,  is  of  enough  interest  to  be  re- 
ferred to  here.  Each  of  the  860  papers 
forming  the  membership  of  the  asso- 
ciation exchanges  its  news  with  all 
other  member  publications  by  giving  ac- 
cess to  its  reports  to  the  representa- 
tives of  the  Associated  Press.  To  make 
this  possible  a  representative  of  the 
local  office  visits  the  various  news- 
paper offices,  where  he  scrutinizes 
the  local  news.  In  addition  the  As- 
sociated Press  offices  in  all  the  larger 
cities  get  the  local  city  new^s  re- 
ports. Acquainted  in  this  manner  with 
what  is  going  on,  the  office  sends  out 
its  own  reporter  in  cases  where  doine 
so  seems  necessary.  The  story  in  all 
cases  is  put  on  the  leased  wires  without 
delay  and  reaches  hundreds  of  tele- 
graph editors  throughout  the  country 
within  a  few  minutes.  Associated  Press 
oflSces  are  open  twenty-four  hours  of 
the  day. 

For  administrative  purposes  the  coun- 
try is  divided  into  four  divisions,  each 
of  these  in  charge  of  a*  superintendent 
acting  under  the  direction  of  the  gen- 
eral manager.  No  less  than  40.000  miles 
of  telegraph  wire  are  leased  by  the  or- 
ganization and  its  expenditure  reaches 
nearly  $9,000  a  dav  throughout  the  year, 
an  outlay  which  becomes  much  greater 
in  emergencies  such  as  war  and  disas- 
ters. AH  wires  of  the  association  are 
oDerated  by  its  own  emnloyes.  Trunk 
lines  stretch  from  Halifax  hv  way  of 
Boston,  New  York.  Philadelpliia.  Bal- 
timore. Cleveland,  Pittsbura'h.  Chicago, 
St.  Louis.  Detroit,  Denver  Kansas  City. 
Salt  T  ake  City,  to  Seattle.  San  Diego  and 
San  Francisco.  Other  main  wires  ex- 
tend from  New  York  through  Albany. 
Syracuse  and  Rochester  to  Bufl^alo.  and 
from  Chicago,  Tndiananolis.  Cincinnati. 
Louisville.  Nashville,  Atlanta,  New  Or- 
leans, Memphis,  Snn  Antonio  and  the 
City  of  Mexico.  St.  Paul.  Dulnth  and 
other  points  in  the  North  and  North- 
west nre  reached  from  Chicago  bv  wav 
of  Milwaukee.  Publications  in  Penn- 
sylvania are  served  from  Philadelphia. 
WhWt  interior  cities  of  Nebraska  and 
Iowa.  Kansas  and  Oklahoma  are 
reached  hy  extensions  from  Kansas 
City.  Other  wires  radiate  from  smaller 
centers,  and  in  this  manner  the  entire 
.American  news  field  is  covered.  The 
(Cotiliiuicd  eii   fasc   58.) 


66 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


The    Newspaper    Map 
in  Boston  Has  Changed 

The  Herald  and  Traveler 

now  offer  advertisers  a  circulation  of  200,000 
daily.  The  Sunday  Herald  has  100,000. 
The  growth  of  these  papers  in  the  last  two  years 
has  been  extraordinary,  but  if  you  know  Boston 
you  know  it  is  so. 


These  papers  are  indispensable  to  any  advertiser  who  would 
sell  to  the  best  part  of  New  England. 

Local  advertisers  know  this.  Many  national  advertisers  know 
it,  but  it  takes  a  long  time  to  convince  all  advertisers  that 
things  have  changed.  Meanwhile  the  advertiser  who  sees 
things  as  they  are  will  give  his  clients  greater  service  by  recog- 
nizing the  fact  that  the  newspaper  map  in  Boston  has  altered. 

Last  month  was  the  biggest  March  in  display  advertising  in  the 
records  of  the  HERALD.  The  HERALD  and  TRAVELER- 
HERALD  combined  printed  395,685  agate  lines  display,  a 
gain  over  March  of  last  year  of  96,456  agate  lines. 


S.  C.  BECKWITH  SPECIAL  AGENCY 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  ST.  LOUIS 


57 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


A  Few  Newspapers  of  Today 

Neglect  of  those  requested  to  supply  the  necessary  information  ha  s  made  it  impossible  for  the  editors  to  treat  in  extenso  the  newspapers 
of  to-dav,  leaving  this  department  for  later  consideration.  So  huge  an  undertaking  is  this  that  only  the  co-operation  of  publishers  and  edi- 
tors could  insure  that  degree  of  excellence  which  has  been  the  aspiration  of  this  issue.  Six  weeks  ago  letters  asking  publishers  to  furnish  us 
with  the  data  of  their  pul)lication  were  sent  out.     Same  responded  with  the  promptness  necessary  to  insure  use  of  the  matter  in  this  issue, 

The  Editor  and  Puulisher  hopes  that  other  requests  will  meet  the  hearty  response  to  be  accorded  such  an  effort  for  the  common  good 
of  the  press. 

people"    the    Republican    has    faithfully  executive   ability,  but   the   basis   of   his  interference  vyas  felt  in  the  flooded  dis- 

and    steadfastly    paid    its    promised    al-   genius    lay   in    his    insistence    upon    and  tncts    of    Ohio    and    Indiana,    various 

Ippianrp  '  constant      application      of      his      motto,  parts    of    the    South,    and    the   northern 

"Whatever  you   do,  do   well."     He   was  part  of  the   State  of   New  York.     Cir- 

a   master   of   brief   and  terse   condensa-  cuits    that   are    anything   but    short-cuts 

tion  which  he  made  one  of  the  Repub-  to  points  of  destination  are  then  estab- 


THE    SPRINGFIELD    REPUBLICAN. 

The     Springfield     Republican,     whose 
name  is  a  national   synonym   for  clean,   'egiance. 

fearless     and     independent     journalism,       When      the     Daily     Republican     was 
was  founded  in  1824.     In  the  first  little  started      in      1844,      the     paper    having 

four-page   issue   were   stated   the   broad  previously    been    a    weekly,    the    editor    J""  ."""■"jisVin^^shmg      characteristics,    lished,  and  within  the  space  of  often  a 
principles    upon    which    the    Republican   emphasized      with     italics     the     simple    y  ;,      attention  to  detail  has  made    few   minutes   the   interrupted   thread   of 


promises    that    it    would     u^      »    ..^..a  ... 

paper."     In   that   apparentlv    trite   state-    '"£.,^'=g"'^"'=^,''         ,  ,  „  •„,„:„.  n,, 

'    '^     ..        -  ''*'..•_       ...       ,         xhe  Samuel  Bowles  who  inspired  the 


vhat    it   is. 


ment  lies  the  secret  of  the  Republican's  The  Samuel  «o  v'«  who  '"sp-rert  the 
success.  It  has  been  made  '^  news-  establishment  of  the  Daily  Republican 
broadest    '"    1^44,    and    who    died     in     1878, 


paper"  in  the  highest  and 
sense  of  the  term,  alert  and  enterpri,s- 
ing  in  its  search  after  news,  printing 
the  truth  clearly  and  concisely  and 
without  fear  or  favor.  By  making  it- 
self indispensable  to  all  within  its  field 
it  has  won  and  held  a  platform  from 
which  to  express  its  editorial  opinions. 
The  intelligence,  breadth,  fearlessness 
and  force  of  its  editorial  page  and  the 
high  quality  of  its  literary  features 
have  in  turn  won  for  it  a  national  and 
international  audience.  But  the  corner- 
stone on  which  the  Republican  is  built 
is  the  abiding  determination  to  make  it 
better  than   any  other  paper  any 


famous    among    other   qualities    for   his 

(Conlinucd  on   t-agc   60.) 


THE  ASSOCIATED  PRESS. 

IContiiiiied  from   faijc  m.) 

service  also  utilizes  extensively  the  tele- 
phone and  the  radio-telegraph. 

Between  New  York  City  and  Chicago 
three  leased  wires  are  operated  at  night 
and  two  bv  day.  making  it  possible  for 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  other  cities 
on  this  circuit  to  obtain  a  report  of 
60,000  words  or  fifty  ordinary  columns, 
roughly  speaking,  seven  pages  every 
ifTiere  Vise,  the  needs'  of  its  own  intelli-  dav.  EIse\Vhere  the  report  is  not  so 
gent  and  thrifty  community;  in  short,  voluminous,  but  hardly  ever  goes  below 
to  make  it  first  of  all  the  best  local  15.000  and  20,000  words  for  each  period 
newspaper  in  the  world.  of    service,    morning   or    evening.      The 

Springfield,  Mass..  is  a  busy,  pros-  operators  of  the  Associated  Press  are 
pcrous  city  and  railroad  center  of  :"f,?_  °A5'''=?r'.!''l'L\"l'.^''"''°?3V"f 
100,000  people,  while  its  suburbs  are  sn 


SAinrEi;    BOVrXES,    2a,     1797-1851, 


thickly  settled  that  within  a  radius  of 
fifteen  miles  from  its  center  there  is  a 
population  of  over  2-50,000,  Ihe  Re- 
publican is  moreover  the  local  paper  of 
Western  Massachusetts  and  of  the  Con- 
necticut Valley,  northward  into  Ver- 
mont and  New  Hampshire  and  south- 
vard   into    Connecticut, 


telligence.  The  same  must  be  said  of 
the  editors  and  other  employes  of  the 
organization.  In  addition  to  employing 
men  of  this  high  grade,  the  organiza- 
tion avails  itself  of  every  modern  de- 
vice likely  to  facilitate  t^he  transmission 
of  news.  Whenever  the  occasion  makes 
it  necessary,  special  wires  are  leased  and 
section    fam-    special  trains  and  vessels  have  on  many 


SAUUEI^    BOWI^ES,  4tli,   1797-1S51. 

Editor  and  publisher  of  Tlie  Siprinfffield 

Republican    Since    1'872. 


has  been  made  the  representative  inde-  ous'^for  "its~rnt'elHge'nce  and"prosperity.  o^^easions  been  chartered.  a  story  is  again  taken  up.  Very  often 
pendent  newspaper  of  America.  "News-  xhe  Republican  has,  in  fact,  been  In  the  larger  cities,  Where  several  occurrences  of  this  kind  are  accom- 
papers  when  well  conducted,"  read  the  humorously  nicknamed  "The  Connect!-  members  of  the  association  have  to  be  panied  by  other  demands  upon  the  cr- 
editor's prospectus,  "are  at  all  times  (-ut  Valley  Bible"  and  the  name  aptly  supplied  with  a  report,  manifolding  ganization.  Special  representatives  have 
useful,  not  only  as  vehicles  of  general  indicates  the  regard  entertained  for  its  processes  are  used  to  insure  almost  sim-  to  be  hurried  to  the  scene  of  the  dis- 
intelligence  but  as  safeguards  to  the  opinions  by  its  own  local  constituency,  ultaneous  distribution  of  the  copy.  So  aster,  and  these  men  usually  have  to 
right  and  liberties  of  the  people."  That  But  jts  svmpathies  like  its  news  are  efificient  is  the  equipment  used  by  the  exercise  great  ingenuity  and  resource- 
the  publication  of  a  great  newspaper  is  world-wide.'  It  is  alert  to  champion  Associated  Press,  in  a  large  measure  its  fulness  in  getting  their  report  to  the 
a  public  trust  has  been  the  hrst  article  every  good   cause.     It   is   enriched  with  own  invention,  that  within  the  space  of    nearest  office. 

in   the   creed    of   those    who    have   con-  special  letters  from  every  quarter  of  the  a   few  minutes  as  many  as  3.000  copies        The    Associated    Press   bas    obtained 

ducted    the    Republican    from    its    first  globe.     Its  aim  is   to  mirror  the  whole  of   a   news    report   may   be   reproduced.    oflScial     recognition     in     most     civilized 

appearance  to  the  present  moment.     Not  field     of     its     inclusiveness.     while     its  Pneumatic  delivery  systems  convey  the    countries,  and  bv  means  of  its  excellent 

to  any  party  or  to  any  special  interests  literary  excellence  is  a  bvword  in  jour-  matter    to    the   oflnces    of   the    members, 

but  "to  the   rights   and   liberties   of   the  nalism',  it  is  at  the  same  time  one  of  the  Bulletin    wir 

best  of  all  papers  in  its  news  of  athletic  Press  office                   .            . 

sports.     Its   columns  are   filled  with  the  larger  cities,  and  over  these  is  sent  all 

work    of   trained   minds   studying  every  emergency    matter    in    the    transmission 

topic  of  public  interest.  of  which  even  seconos  count. 

The  Republican  has  always  bj;en  con-  To    some    extent   the    interference    of 


methods   secures  not  only  all  the  news 


connect    the    Associated    ^j  home,  but  also  abroad. 
ith  every  newspaper  in  the 


ducted  by  a  Samuel  Bowles.  The  sec 
ond  that  name  in  family  descent  and 
the  founder  of  the  Republican  had 
learned  the  printer's  trade  and  had 
some  experience  in  nublishing  a  week! 


tVie  elements  is  less  felt  by  the  Asso- 
ciated Press  than  perhaps  any  other  in- 
stitution making  such  extensive  use  of 
telegraph  lines.  However,  the  resource- 
fulness  of    its    offices    is   often    severelv 


in  Hartford.  Conn,,  when  in  1824    taxed   by  the  effort  to  overcome  inter- 


ruptions, and  it  is  nothing  unusual,  espe 
cially  during  the  winter  time,  to  have 
a  report  go  thousands  of  miles  before 
it  reaches  the  member  whose  office  of 
publication  ma"  be  only  100  miles  from 
the  sending  office.  The  great  blizzard 
of  18,88  cut  off  all  communication  be- 
tween New  York  and  Boston,  and 


SAMUEI.    BOWI^ES, 

The    ffreat 


Sd,     1826-28, 


nape 

he  had  his  modest  outfit,  consisting  of 
handpress  and  tvpe.  noled  up  the  Con- 
necticut River  on  a  flat  boat  to  Spring- 
field. On  Sept  8  of  that  year  apneared 
the  first  issue  of  tbp  Snringfield  Repub- 
lican, then  a  weeklv.  But  the  national 
fame  and  commanding  nosition  of  the 
Republican    are    due    nrimarilv    to    the 

work  of  Samuel  Bowles,  the  third  of  sages,  therefore,  were  sent  from  New 
the  name  and  the  second  to  conduct  the  York  by  cable  to  London,  from  London 
paper.  In  1844,  when  but  eiehteen  to  Canso,  Nova  Scotia,  and  from  there 
vears  of  age-  he  enrourao-ed  his  father  to  they  finally  reached  Boston.  Jn  ip02 
found  the  Dailv  Repubhran.  He  was  everv  wire  between  Boston  and  Phila- 
-nc  of  the  great  journalists  who  have  delphia  went  down,  and  on  this  occa- 
shed  honor  "and  luster  on  the  nrofcs-  sion  special  'messengers,  traveling  by 
sion.  He  crowded  into  the  fiftv-two  train,  delivered  Associated  Press  tele- 
years  of  his  life  trf-mendous  achieve-  grams  at  these  points.  Almost  every 
ment.  making  himself  a  national  figure  winter  it  is  a  daily  occurrence  for  wires 
and    firmlv    establishing  the    Rennblican    to  be  crippled  on  this  continent,  and  to 


editor  of  the  S) 
ISol  to  1878,  E 
.nternational    fame 


ntfflpid    as  a  great  national  newsnaper.     He  was    keep   up   its   line 


of   communication 


CKABI^ES  P.   TAFT, 


a    newspaper  genius,    with    "a   nose    for    not    the   least   effort    of   the   Associated  ri^ninnati   Tim^.:  sit^ir 

news,"  a  trenchant  pen  and  a  remarkable    Press,     Only  a  few  weeks  ago  serious  Owner  of  The  Cinc.nnaU  Times-Star, 

58 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


J  ^    THE  WORLD'S  >^^    CBEAIESI  \_^     HEWSPAPER      "^ 


^OLOTIE  LXXII.— NO.   80.    O 


THtmSDAT.  APRIL  S.    M13.— TNTENTY-SIX   PAGES. 


*    PRICE    ONE    CENT    £™ 


BOOKS  AND  SPORT 
FREE  FOR  PUBLIC 
OF  ONE  BIG  CITY 

Naif  of  Inhabitants  Fall  to 

Realize  What  Has  Been 

Deneto  Aid  Welfare. 


SUMMARY  OF  THE  NEWS. 


FLOOD  AT  CAIRO 
CRITICAL;  WATER 
SURROUNDS  CITY 

Letees  Weakenlngand  'Women 

First' Order  Is  Posted;  Dan 

gsr  Warning  Sent  Ont, 


Ficlis  Up  8elu;ees  Um  Uddsd  Attic 

BEfort  Leaving  Oeserted  Shaw- 

neclown,  Hon  SubmeigEd. 


LOW  TARIFF  MEN, 


Democratic  Leaders  Agree  to 
Take  Duty  Off  Many  Goods,  ' 
Reducing  It  on  Oltiers. 

RAW  WOOL  TO  BE  FREE 

Bggts  and  Slides,  Oressed  Meats, 

and  Other  Products  Placed 

id  tlie  Saiie  Class. 


BDADUMEO  TAX  ON  INCOMES 


)u8B£!£<^«g»r!^^«i«3^S!t>i9BSi^££!^£»:!^^lS<( 


'  The  Tribune's  "  Sworn 
Statement  Made  Under 

New  Postal  Law. 


Dcmarcst  Lloyd— 563  Boylstoa  Street 
Henry  D.  Doyd— Grove  HiU  Avcoue. 


VOLUNTEERS  DIE, 
BUTWINVIOTOEI 


Capture  of  Great  Fort  at  Scu- 
tari Made  Possible  l>y 
200  Heroes. 

3LVKE  "WAT  TOE  TROOPS, 


SOUTH    PARK   OFFICIAL   SUED. 


59 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


A  FEW  NEWSPAPERS  OF  TO-DAY. 

(CoiKiMiu-J  from  page  58.) 

ability  as  a  trainer  of  younger  jour- 
nalists. Many,  who  later  became  powers 
in  the  profession,  gained  their  news- 
paper ideas  and  ideals  under  his  exact- 
ing but  inspiring  leadership.  The  fame 
which  the  Republican  then  gained  as  a 
school  for  journalists  it  has  maintained 
to  this  day.  Associated  with  Mr. 
Bowles  in  the  year  of  the  mid-century 
when  the  Republican  was  leaping  into 
strength  and  power,  was  Dr.  J.  G.  Hol- 
land, the  author  and  lecturer,  many  of 
whose  best  prose  and  poetical  writings 
first  appeared  in  the  Republican.  The 
present  managing  editor  of  the  paper, 
Solomon  B.  Griffin,  was  trained  by  Mr. 
Bowles    from    1872  to   1878. 

The  present  Samuel  Bowles,  fourth 
of  the  name  and  third  to  conduct  the 
Republican,  has  been  the  publisher  and 
editor-in-chief  of  the  paper  since  he 
death  of  his  father,  in  1878.  In  that 
year  he  founded  the  Sunday  Republican. 
Thus  the  Weekly  Republican,  which  is 
still  continued,  was  founded  by  Samuel 
Bowles  in  1824,  the  Daily  Republican  by 
Samuel  Bowles  in  1844,  and  the  Sun- 
day Republican  by  Samuel  Bowles  in 
1878. 

Under  the  leadership  of  its  present 
chief  the  Republican  has  undergone  a 
notable  development  in  its  mechanical 
equipment,  in  its  organization  for  the 
collection  of  news  and  in  its  circula- 
tion and  recognized  influence.  In  thirty 
years  the  process  of  producing  a  news- 
paper has  been  largely  revolutionized  by 
mechanical  improvement,  such  as  the 
telephone,  the  tvne  setting  machine  and 
rapid  presses.  The  Republican  has  been 
quick  to  take  ad\'antage  of  all  new  op- 
Dortunities  to  give  better  public  service. 
It  has  met  each  new  public  problem  with 
vigor  and  sanity  and  has  never  ceased 
to  break  new  ground.  It  has  taken 
special  nains  tn  produce  an  artistic  and 
clean  sheet  typographically,  excluding 
offensive  cuts,  and  making  both  its  ad- 
vertising and  reading  columns  thor- 
oughly attractive. 

In  recent  vears  the  Republican  has 
been  a  notably  successful  pioneer  and 
ardent  advocate  in  urging  those  munici- 
nal  betterments,  such  as  parks  and  play- 
grounds, public  libraries  and  museums. 
which  are  becoming  recognized  the 
country  over  as  of  sound  practical  ad- 
vantage in  health  and  ponular  educa- 
tion. As  for  its  stand  on  broader  sub- 
ierts,  with  its  growing  influence  it  has 
held  true  to  its  first  principles,  it  has 
kept  independent  in  oolitics.  and  it  has 
never  permitted  itself  to  become  in  any 
sense  a  class  paper.  It  has  been  con- 
servative when  conservatism  has  meant 
standing  fast  to  the  ideals  on  which  the 
republic  was  founded,  and  in  opposing 
the  wave  of  imnerialism ;  it  has  been 
radic'I  when  radicalism  has  meant  de- 
manding for  the  people  stricter  control 
over  their  servants,  whether  public 
service  corporations  or  individual  offi- 
cials, and  a  jnster  distribution  of  the 
country's  PTOwing  wealth. 

\  notable  development  in  the  Renub- 
lican's  facilities  for  producing  a  first- 
class  newspaper  was  the  extensive  en- 
largement and  radirni  imnrovement  of 
its  plnrt  in  IflTO-lPin.  Its  office  build- 
ing of  briclc  and  terra  cotta,  on  one  of 
themost  prominent  "-orners  of  the  main 
business  streets  of  Springfield,  which  is 
the  property  of  the  paper,  was  at  that 
time_  rai5»d  from  three  stories  to  five 
stories.  The  improvement=!  involved  an 
expenditure  of  some  Son.nOft  and  took 
nearly  a  year  to  complete.  The  paper 
is  no\v  provided  with  admirable  accom- 
modations for  all  of  its  various  depart- 
ments. 

The  Republican  maintains  the  price 
of  Hs  dailv  issue  at  three  cents  a  cony 
or  $8  a  vear.  and  it  gives  its  readers  the 
worth  of  their  monev  in  tbe  quality  as 
we'l  as  the  nuantitv  of  the  product  Its 
dailv  ipc'ie  i=  now  rommonlv  twenty 
na<'es.  The  Sundav  Republican  is  us- 
ually of  thirtv-two  nan-es,  but  often 
more^  The  lousiness  of  the  paper  grows 
steadilv  from  vear  to  year,  and  a  large 
proportion  of  tbe  increasing  revenue  is 
expended    every  year  in   improving   the 


character  of  the  sheet  by  the  strength- 
ening and  expansion  of  its  news  service, 
and  the  development  of  its  various  at- 
tractive  features. 

THE  BOSTON  GLOBE. 
"The  changes  in  the  Boston  press 
since  1873,"  writes  Gen.  C.  H.  Taylor, 
"have  been  many  and  some  of  them 
have  been  startling.  When  I  came  to 
the  Globe,  Messrs.  Andrews,  Pulsifer 
and  Haskell  were  the  owners  of  the 
Boston  Herald.  Col.  Charles  O.  Rogers, 
who  has  built  the  Boston  Journal  and 
made  it  the  most  successful  newspaper 
in  New  England  as  long  as  he  lived,  had 


I  think  I  may  fairly  say  that  I,  with 
my  associates,  have  built  up  the  Globe 
and  have  created  its  own  constituency 
and  business  without  trying  to  capture 
the  patronage  of  or  endeavoring  to  un- 
dermine any  other  newspaper. 

"In  the  fifty-one  years  that  I  have 
been  connected  with  the  Boston  news- 
papers, we  have  always  had  substantially 
the  same  problems  that  are  now  under 
discussion.  There  were  many  persons 
yearning  for  the  ideal  newspaper  fifty- 
one  years  ago,  and  they  have  continued 
to  yearn  for  it  to  this  day ;  but  the  ideal 
newspaper  has  never  been  published. 


W.  B.   WEA.-B/S1. 


been  dead  about  four  years,  and  Col. 
W.  W.  Clapp  had  succeeded  him.  Col. 
Charles  G.  Greene  was  the  editor  of  the 
Post ;  Colonel  Worthington  was  still 
the  head  of  the  Traveler;  E.  F,  Waters 
was  business  manager  and  Mr.  Goddard 
the  editor  of  the  Daily  Advertiser. 
Henry  W.  Dutton  &  Son  were  the  own- 
ers of  the  Transcript,  and  Daniel  M. 
Haskell   was  the  able  editor. 

"The  management  of  all  of  these  papers 
has  changed,  some  of  them  many  times. 
Several  of  Ihem  have  been  sold  to  new 
owners  at  different  periods;  but  the 
Globe  has  gone  steadily  forward  with 
'malice  toward  none  and  charity  for  all.' 

60 


"In  the  forty  years  that  I  have  been 
in  control  of  the  Globe  most  of  the  prin- 
cipal advertisers  of  Boston  to-day  have 
been  building  up  their  establishments 
and  have  made  their  great  successes.  I 
am  proud  to  say  that  nearly  every  one 
of  them  is  a  personal  friend  of  mine.  I 
here  and  now  acquit  them  of  any  at- 
tempt to  control  me  or  the  Globe. 

"I  can  assure  those  of  our  friends 
who  are  filled  with  the  fear  that  adver- 
tisers and  the  interests  will  control  the 
movements,  opinions  and  news  of  the 
prosperous  and  independent  press,  that 
they  need  not  lose  any  more  sleep  over 
the  Globe.  Advertisers  and  readers  alike 


know  that  they  will  be  treated  with  ab- 
solute fairness  by  the  Globe,  because 
that  is  the  bed-rock  basis  on  which  this 
newspaper  has  been  conducted  for  forty 
years  and  it  is  the  rule  which  will  guide 
it  in  the  years  to  come. 

"The  shrewd  observer  of  newspapers 
and  of  human  nature  must  have  seen 
that  the  natural  temperament  of  the 
editor  determines  the  tone  of  the  news- 
paper he  controls.  Joseph  Pulitzer, 
who  I  think  was  the  greatest  journalist 
this  country  has  known,  had  a  com- 
bative, imperious  temper. 

"On  the  other  hand,  George  W.  Childs, 
of  Philadelphia,  a  strong  man  in  every 
sense,  as  those  who  knew  him  well  can 
testify,  was  an  entirely  different  type 
from  Mr.  Pulitzer.  y[^.  Childs  had  a 
cheery,  optimistic,  friendly  disposition 
toward  everybody. 

"Now.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that 
my  temperament  is  more  like  that  of 
Mr.  Childs'  than  of  Mr.  Pulitzer's.  My 
aim  has  been  to  make  the  Globe  a  cheer- 
ful, attractive  and  useful  newspaper  that 
would  enter  the  home  as  a  kindly,  help- 
ful friend  of  the  family.  My  tempera- 
ment has  always  led  me  to  dwell  on  the 
virtues  of  men  and  institutions  rather 
than  upon  their  faults  and  limitations. 
Aly  disposition  has  always  been  to  help 
build  up  rather  than  to  join  in  tearing 
down.  My  ideal  for  the  Globe  is  and 
always  has  been  that  it  should  help  men, 
women  and  children  to  get  some  of  the 
sunshine  of  life,  to  be  better  and  happier 
because  of  the  Globe.  I  have  no  fault 
to  find  with  those  who  take  the  opposite 
course,  because  we  all  usually  work  out 
our  temperaments,  as  given  to  us  in  our 
cradles,  until  we  reach  the  end  of  life. 

"I  have  always  welcomed  criticism 
from  any  reader,  even  if  scribbled  with 
a  pencil  on  a  post  card,  as  well  as  from 
those  who  have  achieved  success  and 
prominence  in  some  one  of  the  various 
avenues  of  endeavor.  During  my  years 
of  intimate  acquaintance  with  Mr.  Pul- 
itzer and  Mr.  Childs  I  appreciated 
and  benefited  by  their  criticisms  and 
suggestions.  To-day  I  am  glad  to  profit 
by  the  experience  and  views  of  James 
Gordon  Bennett,  who  succeeded  his 
father  in  the  conduct  of  the  New  York 
Herald  in  1S72,  and  has  maintained  its 
prestige  as  one  of  the  great  newspapers 
of  the  world ;  Victor  F.  Lawson,  of  the 
Chicago  News ;  M.  E.  Stone,  general 
manager  of  the  Associated  Press ; 
William  Randolph  Hearst,  of  several 
cities;  Colonel  Nelson,  of  the  Kansas 
City  Star;  Samuel  Bowles,  of  the 
Springfield  Republican ;  Clark  Howell, 
of  the  Atlanta  Constitution,  and  many 
other  men  of  distinction  among  my  con- 
temporaries. The  commanding  positions 
they  have  achieved  makes  their  opinions 
peculiarly  valuable. 

"Perhaps  my  mind  is  not  as  receptive 
as  it  should  be  toward  a  certain  type  of 
faultfinders  in  the  newspaper  business, 
but  I  am  sure  I  shall  be  glad  to  listen  to 
them  when  they  have  either  created  a 
newspaper  or  shown  their  capacity  to 
conduct  one  successfully.  I  fear,  how- 
ever, that  their  only  hope  lies  in  a  reali- 
zation of  their  fond  dream  of  an  en- 
dowed newspaper  and  a  liberal  appro- 
priation. 

'T  admit  that  an  endowment  would 
have  been  an  inestimable  boon  to  me  in 
the  first  six  years  of  my  connection 
with  the  Globe,  when  my  great  and  con- 
stant difficulty  was  to  meet  the  weekly 
payroll,  for  some  sixty  men  and  their 
families  were  depending  on  me  to  pro- 
vide the  means  of  paying  their  grocers' 
and  butchers'  bills.  I  could  stand  off 
creditors  in  general  with  a  cheerful  non- 
chalance after  a  little  practice  of  that 
art ;  but  these  people  depended  on  me 
for  their  living,  and  I  am  glad  to  say 
that    1   never   failed  them. 

"After  prosperity  came  (following  a 
loss  of  $60,000  a  year  for  five  years), 
that  nightmare  of  the  payroll  passed 
away  and  gave  me  more  time  to  develop 
the  general  business  of  the  paper.  I  am 
proud  now  of  the  fact  that  we  have  1,000 
men  working  for  the  Globe  and  support- 
ing their  families  in  comfort. 

"They    are    as    united    and    happy    a 

(^Continued  on  page  64.) 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST^ 

THE   AVERAGE    DAILY    SWORN    CIRCULATION  OF  THE   KNICKERBOCKER  PRESS  LAST  WEEK  WAS  42.847 


The  Tri-Cily  Daily  and 
Sunday  Newspaper 


THE  KNICKERBOCKER  PRESS 


'1ST  YEAR— NO 


Y  .  FRIDAY    APRU-  < 


PRICE    ONE    CENT 


First  Working  Girl 
Queen  Was  Eeal  One 


FORmSLAYERl: 

Forlv-fight  Hour  Search  tori; 
Clew  Is  Fruitless.  Coun'v     r 


NO    MOTIVE    ESTABLI 

Under    Sheriff.    Myster 

Summoned  Sy  Strang 

Has  Not  Reported. 

6LAIN  MAN  f^AREO  TO  eE  . 


FEAR  POWER  IROSl 
KEEPS  CANAL  POWER! 


Friends   of   Capitol    District 
Measure  'Alarmed  at  Fail- 


ll                             READY   FOR   DINNER!                           i 

, 

.  ySS^hv 

i 

m.^J 

iH~»^i^^l 

iCgNTlNWKO  ON  PA<i(I  1 


The  Knickerbocker  Press  Has  Made 
Newspaper  History  In  Albany,  N.  Y. 

ABOUT  three  years  ago  those  interested  in  newspaper  and  advertising  began  to 
point  to  The  Knickerbocker  Press.  "Watch  it,"  said  they — "It's  a  comer"  and 
"It's  the  newspaper  that's  putting  Albany  on  the  map,"  and  still  many  other 
pleasant  things. 

The  fact  is  The  Knickerbocker  Press  has  quickly  landed  in  the  class  of  Live  News- 
papers and  "Done  things"  in  Albany — a  town  for  years  supposed  to  be  quite  unrespon- 
sive  to   newspaper    enterprise. 

But  Albany  reallv  wanted  a  REAL  Morning-  Newspaper,  and  when  Hon.  Stephen  C. 
Clark  and  Judge  Lynn  J.  Arnold  bought  the  old  Press-Knickerbocker-Express,  three 
years  ago  this  Tune,  they  determined  to  give  Albany  and  the  Capitol  District  a  morning 
newspaper  worthy  of  the  name. 

In  less  than  three  years  the  circulation  g-rew  from  2.CX30  net  paid  to  the  present 
net  paid  circulation  of  more  than  2S.000.  This  without  the  aid  of  Premiums,  Contests 
or    any    other   false    circulation    stimulators. 

The  growth  in  point  of  circulation  is  best  shown  b)-  the  following  authorized  and 
recognized  audits  and   investigations: 

PHENOMENAL  CIRCULATION  GROWTH 

By  the  A.  A.  Audit — last   month   of  period  in- 
vestigated. June  1912.  net  paid  24,357. 

By  the   Data  Co.  Audit — last   month  of  period 
investigated,  August,  1912,  net  paid  26,900. 
.     By  N.  W.  Ayer  &   Son  Audit — last  month   of 
period    investigated,    November,    1913,    net    paid 
27,860. 


NOW- 

Net  paid  average  for  March.  1913.  2S.0.59. 

Xot  alone  in  circulation  has  The  Knickerbocker 
Press  grown,  but  the  same  phenomenal  growth 
has  been  experienced  in  all  departments  of  adver- 
tising. 

AND,  IN  LOCAL  ADVERTISING— 

Local  Advertising  has  shown  unprecedented  in- 
creases demonstrating  clearly  the  attitude  of  the 
advertisers  "Here  on  the  field." 

Just  for  illustration — during  the  last  six  months 
of  1912,  as  compared  with  the  first  six  months  of 
that  year.  The  Knickerbocker  Press  gained  298,- 
690  agate  lines  of  local  advertising.  Every  other 
Albany  newspaper  lost  in  volume  during  these 
periods  in  amounts  of  50, .512  agate  lines  down  to 
the  loss  of  1.3,384  agate  lines — that  of  the  only 
other  morning  newspaper  in  .Albany. 

During  a  period  of  eight  months  ending  March, 
1913,  The  Knickerbocker  Press  carried  154  Full- 
Page  Local  Advertisements  EXCLUSIVELY. 
Of  this  number  all  but  3S  were  department  store 
ads. 


AUTOMOBILE  ADVERTISERS  FAVOR 

THE  KNICKERBOCKER  PRESS 

In  Automobile  Advertising  The  Knickerbocker 
Press  leads  all  other  papers  in  -Mbany  by  big 
margins;  This  is  best  shown  by  the  March,  1913, 
volumes. 

The  Knickerbocker  Press  .Automobile  Ad- 
vertising     1,819  in. 

Times-Union    Automobile    Advertising...    518 

Journal  .Automobile  Advertising  314  " 

.\rgus    Automobile    Advertising None. 

WONDERFUL  REAL  ESTATE  SHOWING 

In  Real  Estate  Advertising  The  Knickerbocker 
Press  has  been  chosen  to  carry  the  greatest  vol- 
ume. This  may  be  illustrated  with  the  March, 
1913,  totals. 

The  Knickerbocker  Press  Real  Estate  Ad- 
vertising    2,422  in. 

Times-Union  Real  Estate  Advertising  ...    973  "^ 

Journal    Real    Estate   Advertising 534" 

Argus  Real  Estate  Advertising 182 

A  CLASSIFIED  RECORD 

In    Classified   Advertising — The    Knickerbocker 
Press  has  grown  to  be  recognized  to  be,  by  long 
odds,    the    classified    advertising    medium    of    the 
Capital  District.     These  figures  prove  it — 
Number   of   "Want    .Ads"    published    during 

six   months   ending  Dec.   31.  1910 8,790 

Number    of   "Want   Ads"    published    during 

six   months   ending  Dec.   31,   1911 21,924 

Number   of   "Want   Ads"   published    during 

six  months   ending  Dec.  31,  1912 42,225 


Need    there    be    any    further    question    of    The     Knickerbocker    Press 
being  The  Foremost  Daily  and   Advertising  Medium  of  Albany,  N.  Y.  ? 

THE  KNICKERBOCKER  PRESS 

GEORGE   J.  AUER,  Bus.  Mgr.  ALBANY,  N.  Y. 

JOHN  M.   BRANHAM  CO.,  Representatives,  New  York,  Chicago 


U<KO  ueOM  ID  ilJ  Ueiico  ->nih  wHTcf.  on 

r^      -imo   RtiM   (-,nrt.Uiioi1 

11        joW    in    The    Kmicker 

m«t    ibe    «lui»Uon. 

Th       li'^'/w ''.^"c^f"""'' P-i.i*  VltVnj- 

BOCKEX    Pbem 

6HIP    WRECKED;  SPECIMENS    SAPC 

tiilu~-oro-l    "'•>    'n   rrkao'wkda* 

For  Sunefoy,  Apnl  6, 

Special  t>v  Ltasea  Wtre. 

'^'*i;;;^;»r.'^'"'  ^^.?'^^"  ?'■"■- 

'  ll«  iX  *""   ^*^"'  ""^    ^°  ""* 

-""iW^'tinuS?  *-.n  V:'"a  j^Bifrr 

.d«m.rtk«  >«tnjKb.  by  -Ik  Jo«L 

PeBUCIRIAKIF 
IWILl 


Senate  Orders  Open  Hearings 

Before  Its  Judiciary 

Committee. 

IMODY  AS  PROSECUTOR 

irnev  General  Will  Present 
ise  to  Courts  If  Develop- 
ments Justifj. 


'    61 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


The  Wattersonian  Creed, 


We  are  living  in  an  epoch  no(  of 
miracles,  but  of  mechanics ;  of  mallitujinous 
social,  scienlific.  and  professional  complexi- 
lies.  an<J  instead  of  i/s  fccing  Iruc  ihai  a 
man  of  parts  gets  on  faster  and  fares  heller 
Tvithout  assistance  and  encouragement,  the 
reverse  is  true. 

NoTV    it   is   given    the   journalist    to    be    al 
once   the   lion  and   the  arlist,   a   creator  and 
a   critic:    lo   depict    his   omn    profession:    to 
exlol  and  magnify  it;  lo  rvrite  it  up.  as  the 
sa})ing    goes :   and.   despite   some    occasional 
delinquencies    and     disfigurements     in     his 
methods,    he    has    used    this    advantage    so 
induslriousl\)  and  at  times  so  skilfulh  that 
journalism    has    come    to    be    what    it    was 
not  when  he  first  gave  out  the  conceit — "a 
veritable  Fourth   Estate." 

The  freedom  of  the  press,  obtained  at 
length  even  more  securely  by  the  vic- 
tories it  is  achieving  over  dependence  and 
subsidy  than  by  the  liberality  of  the  laws 
which  guarantee  it.  is  a  sort  of  popular 
religion 

*     *     *     "a   map    of  busy    life. 

Its  fluctuations  and  its  vast  i 


/   am   not   so    good   a   party    mi 
cept  the   theory  that  politics  is 


to 


on    the    back   mr    be    sneored   at   as    a    sort 

of    Cheap    John,    a    public    pensioner,    who 

lives  partly  by   his  wits,  partly  by  the  ogal  ■      - 

thrown    out    to    the   yard-dogs    who    congre-         Throw  off  the  old  execrable  badge,  faded 

--'-    -■■-If   the   court   house— railroads— side     and    tattered    and    worm-eaten    by    its    dis- 


i(    live 


The    paper    that    cannot    ii 
favor  and  charity  ought  to  die 


There  ought  to  be 
scale  of  advertising 
the   advertising  agent 


ne  fixed 
nd   I'he   b 


. jg  memories  and  inscrlpli 

oihcr  badge,  thai  insignia  of  rani 
xcepl    on     which  sa^s:      "I 
a    man    among    m 
is   mp    axon.      Th 
idcviating    holding  no 
ible    lo    from    heavi 
adver-     my  felloiun 


for  ihal 
.J  pon,cr. 

The    roof   above    me 

sshold   is   mine:   and, 

but  that   which,  sent 

lies    me    a   spokesman    for 

\d  having  no   weapons  ex- 


I  am  fully  persuaded  that,  lake  il  all 
for  all.  the  journalism  of  America  is  the 
very  best  in  the  world. 

You  might  as  well  put  an  ear  trumpet 
to  a  rose  and  expect  to  draw  its  essence 
as  hope  to  gather  the  public  sense  in  the 
way  of  the  stilled  person  on  the  tripod. 

"To  catch  a  dragon  in  a  cherry  net. 

To  trip  a  tigress  with  a  gossamer. 
Were  wisdom  to  it." 


1 1  can  be  said  of  the  American  press- 
thai  it  has  a  jovial,  happy  faculty  of 
standing  by  the  weak  and  resisting  the 
strong,  of  satirizing  the  wicked,  exposing 
the  base,  detecting  the  false,  and  cheering 
the  unfortunate. 

We  have  heard  a  deal  of  late  years 
about  personal  and  impersonal  journal- 
ism. In  the  press  of  America  we  must 
needs  have  an  abundance  of  personal 
journalism :  il  is  an  appendage  to  our  con- 
dition as  well  as  an  offspring  of  our  char- 
acter. 

*     *     * 

The  functions  of  the  politician  and  the 
journalist  are  totally  different. 

There  is  impersonal  journalism  in  Eng- 
land, because  the  English  press  is  con- 
ducted   by  scholarly   dummies. 

The  journalist— is  surely  not  to  he 
blamed  for  going  in  at  the  front  door, 
instead  of  creeping  around  by  way  of  the 
back  ""';!'.  ""^  I"  f"^  stigmatized  for  hold- 
ins  '■/s  head  up  in  the  face  of  all  the 
world,  non  sibi.  sed  toti  genitum  so  credere 
mundo. 

The    axiom    of    newspaper    success     is 

How  can  a  man  realize  this  character 
who  submits  to  the  tacit  corruption  and 
quasi  indignity  of  free  ride  over  a  railroad, 
which  gives  it  in  order  that  it  may  he  able 
to  command  his  silence  or  his  support:  or 
a  free  admision  into  a  theater,  which  is 
meant  to  secure  an  unfaithful,  compli- 
mentary   notice    of    the    performance    next 


The  dead-head  system,  the  dead-beat  sys- 
tem, licensed  and  encouraged  by  the  sys- 
tem of  subsidies  and  favors  allowed  the 
press  and  tolerated  by  journalists,  keeps 
the  newspapers  in  a  hopeless,  poverty- 
stricken    way. 

I  will  collect  the  news  industriously:  I 
will  express  my  opinions  fearlessly  but  re- 
sponsibly: I  will  accept  no  indulgences  not 
given  my  neighbors:  I   will  not  be  slapped 


able  on  its  face  and  not   to   k 


altered. 

People  do  not  advertise  with  us  because 
they  love  us.  They  insert  an  advertisement 
in    a   newspaper   as   they    hang   a   sign    in   a 

street. 

There  is  a  great  fight  before  us  for 
liberty:  a  fight  as  old  as  the  hills.  The 
fight  of  the  poor  against  the  rich:  the  fight 
of  the  weak  against  the  strong;  and  the 
fight  of  the  people  against  the  corporations. 


cept  a  handful  of  types.  I  am  able  to  defy 
the  world  that  proposes,  unbidden,  to  cross 
ii.  because  I  am  supported  by  an  invincible 
army,  ready  to  rally  at  a  moment's  notice 
for  'the  defense  of  itself,  which  is  my  de- 
fence." I  believe  in  that  sort  of  journal- 
ism, and  I  believe  that  that  sort  of  jour- 
nalism will  come  to  be  believed  in  by  every 
man  who  edits  and  reads  a  newspaper. 


The  new  order  of  impersonal  journalism, 
with  it  ideas  of  commercial  honor  and  of 
public  obligation,  has  not  quite  adjusted  it- 
self to  its  enlarged  habitation  and  richer 
apparel.  Il  is,  to  take  another  illustration 
from  my  beloved  Bluegress  country,  as  a 
thoroughbred  yearling  that  feels  his  oats 
and  kicks  and  bites  his  trainer,  yet  has  the 
sure  making  of  a  Derby  winner. 
*     *     *  The  scandal  monger  will  in  time  he  rele- 

I  am  myself  a  fairly  good  party  man,  but    gated  lo  Ihe  category  of  the  unprosperous  as 


I  make  no  plea  for  that  sort  of  inde- 
pendent journalism  which  represents  the 
caprices  of  a  single  editor  and  piques  itself 
on   its    immunity    from    obligations   of   every 


well  as  the  disrepulable.  and  the  detective 
be  driven  out  of  the  newspaper  service, 
where  he  should  have  no  place,  to  the  com- 
pany of  the  police,  where  he  alone  belongs. 

We  can  as  little  expect  that  each  news- 
paper worker  shall  be  a  gentleman  as  that 
each  lawyer  and  each  doctor  shall  be  a 
gentleman ;  but  manly  conduct  and  aspira- 
tion should  fix  the  rule,  the  brutal  and  vul- 
gar the  exception,  the  journalistic  brand  no 
less  accepted  and  honorable  than  that  of 
physic,  divinity  and  jurisprudence. 

The  leading  editorial,  whose  disappear- 
ance is  predicted  and  whose  decline  is 
obvious,  has  suffered  most  by  the  transi- 
tion process  from  the  personal  to  the  im- 
personal. There  was  exhilaration  m 
pistols  and  co#ce.  The  duello  was  more 
interesting  and  less  expensive  than  the 
libel  suit.  The  good  old  times  of  gun- 
olay  are,  alas,  no  more.  If  a  gentleman 
nowadays  shoots  another  gentleman  they 
call  it  murder.  Most  of  us  have  to  work 
for  a  living,  and  some  of  us  even  to  be 
trained  to  it. 

I  do  not  wonder  that  the  wooden  nut- 
meg affair  in  big  type,  which  for  the 
most  part  defaces  the  editorial  page,  as  it 
is  called,  having  nobody  behind  it.  and 
neither  continuity  of  purpose  nor  the  spirit 
of  intellectual  rectitude  and  accountability, 
has  fallen  into  discredit.  Il  might  as  well 
be  dispensed  with.  Il  is  no  longer  an 
effective  nor  an  engaging  arm  of  the 
service.  But  the  rationale  of  the  day's 
doings  rendered  with  good  sense  and  in 
good  faith,  by  a  self-respecting,  conscien- 
tious writer,  will  always  command  atten- 
tion and  be  worth  its  space ;  and  as  this 
is  done  with  power  or  charm  will  it  rank 
in  drawing  and  selling  quality  with  the 
news  features.  Success  may  be  attained 
without  il,  but  not  distinction  and  in- 
fluence. 

News,  like  victuals,  may  be  served  hot 
and  savory  or  raw  and  unsavory;  a  ruddy 
murder  may  he  ruined  in  the  roasting,  and 
a  scandal  wholly  spoiled  by  a  figurative 
excess  of  oil  and  garlic. 

Newspapers,  with  the  law,  should  as- 
sume the  accused  innocent  until  proved 
guilty:  should  be  the  friend,  not  the 
enemy,  of  the  general  public:  the  de- 
fender, not  the  invader,  of  private  life 
and  the  assailant  of  personal  character. 

The  newspaper  is  not  a  commodity  to 
be  sold  over  the  counter  like  dry  goods  and 
groceries.  It  should  be,  as  it  were,  a 
keeper  of  the  public  conscience,  its  rating 
professional,  like  the  ministry  and  the  law, 
not  commercial,  like  the  department  store 
and  the  bucket  shop.  Its  workers  should 
be  gentlemen,  not  eavesdroppers  and 
scavengers. 

Look  Tvell  and  think  twice  before  con- 
signing a  suspect  to  the  ruin  of  printer's 
ink;  to  respect  the  old  and  defend  the 
weak  and.  lastly,  at  all  times  to  be  good 
to  the  girls  and  square  with  the  boys,  for 
hath  it  not  been  written.  "Of  such  is  the 
kingdom  of  heaven?" 

The  cub  in  the  city  department  who  does 
not  consider  a  dog  fight  a  thing  of  beauty 
2nd  a  joy  forever  may  not  he  in  danger 
of  the  judgment,  but  he  is  in  constant  danger 
of  discharge.  In  no  other  way  can  he  get 
his  perspectives  adjusted.  From  the  con- 
flicts of  canines  to  the  quarrels  of  ^r'ngs. 
from  hell  to  breakfast  and  back  again, 
through  a  system  of  regular  geometric  prog- 
ression, he  arrives  at  the  hang  of  il.  begin- 
ning as  "scoopy"  to  end  as  managing 
editor;  acquiring  experience  with  his  loco- 
motion, judgment  with  his  lengthening  legs, 
and  if  he  be  a  young  fellow  of  genius  with 
pen  or  pencil,  ultimately  signalizing  himself 
by  exceptional  performance  upon  larger  and 
more  remunerative  fields. 


62 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


IN  PITTSBURGH 


The   Gazette   Times 

is  the  oldest   paper,   having   been 
established   in    1786. 

The  Chronicle  Telegraph 

is  the  oldest  afternoon  newspaper, 
starting  publication  in  1841. 


Besides  being  the  oldest  newspapers  both  are  leaders  in  their 

respective  fields. 

THE  GAZETTE  TIMES,  daily,  has  a  larger  cir- 
culation than  the  other  Pittsburgh  English  morning 
papers  combined.  On  Sunday  it  leads  by  many 
thousands. 

THE  CHRONICLE  TELEGRAPH  has  the  larg- 
est home-delivered  circulation  of  all  the  Pittsburgh 
afternoon   newspapers. 


Special  Representatives 

J.  C.  WILBERDING  JOHN  M.  BRANHAM  CO. 

225  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  Mailers  Building,  Chicago 


63 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


A  FEW  NEWSPAPERS  OF  TO-DAY. 

^Co„li„nc,l  from  f„iic  m.) 

family  as  can  be  found  in  any  business 
in  the  country.  Once  a  Globe  man,  al- 
ways a  Globe  man,  is  the  rule.  Men 
who  have  left  the  Globe  and  gone  to 
other  cities  and  other  newspapers  in  the 
forty  years  always  retain  their  loyal 
feelings  toward  this  newspaper.  Wher- 
ever they  may  be,  if  any  one  of  them 
can  do  the  Globe  a  good  turn,  he  is  glad 
to  serve.  Often  when  a  man  leaves  an 
employer  he  takes  delight  the  rest  of 
his  life  in  trying  to  injure  him.  Every 
old  Globe  man,  on  the  contrary,  feels  a 
stanch  attachment  for  the  paper  and 
cherishes  pleasant  memories  of  his  active 
connection  with  it. 

"With  the  aid  of  a  loyal  staff  in  every 
department,  the  Globe  has  been  able  to 
meet  the  wishes  and  needs  of  the  people 
of  New  England,  the  most  e.xacting  of 
reading  constituencies,  and  has  grown 
to  be  one  of  the  institutions  of  this  great 
community.  1  take  this  opportunity  to 
thank  the  people  for  the  generous,  un- 
wavering support  they  liave  given  to  the 
Globe,  and  I  am  also  glad  to  express 
my  appreciation  of  the  patronage  of  ad- 
vertisers who  utilize  it  so  liberally.  The 
Globe  brought  them  an  audience  of  in- 
telligent, discriminating  purchasers,  and 
while  their  advertising  in  the  Globe  has 
powerfully  aided  them  in  establishing 
the  successful  and  profitable  position 
which  they  now  hold,  I  am  none  the  less 
grateful  for  their  business,  and  I  hope 
their  prosperity  may  long  continue." 
THE  BOSTON  HERALD. 

The  history  of  the  Boston  Herald  cov- 
ered a  period  of  si-xty-seven  years — 
years  in  which  it  first  struggled  for  rec- 
ognition and  obtained  it  by  force  of  its 
independence  in  dealing  with  public 
questions,  and  later  obtained  a  national 
reputation  by  reason  of  its  fearless,  mili- 
tant tone  and  its  excellent  presentation 
of  the  news  of  the  world. 

Its  first  editor  was  William  0.  Eaton, 
twenty-two  years  of  age,  who  had  been 
a  talented  writer  for  several  New  York 
papers.  It  struggled  through  the  finan- 
cial diseases  incident  to  newspaper  in- 
fancy, and  in  1S47  was  enabled  to  in- 
crease its  size  and  to  issue  morning, 
evening  and  weekly  editions.  Its  fear- 
lessness in  rebuking  both  spiritual  and 
political  wickedness  and  in  calling  ser- 
vants of  the  public  to  an  account  gained 
for  it  a  steadily  growing  clientele. 
George  W.  Tyler  became  the  editor  of 
the  morning  edition.  The  famous 
"Dave"  Leavitt,  whose  renown  as  a 
news  gatherer  has  been  handed  down  to 
succeeding  generations  of  reporters,  and 
whose  portrait  adorns  the  walls  of  the 
Press  Club  rooms,  was  a  reporter  on 
the  Herald.  One  of  the  feats  which 
stamped  him  as  a  shining  example  was 
his  report  of  the  great  fire  at  the  North 
End  in  1847,  when  he  foresaw  that  sev- 
eral blocks  of  buildings  were  doomed 
and  obtained  a  full  list  of  the  contents, 
owners,  etc.,  which  he  published  in  a 
four-column  story  in  the  Herald,  while 


the  other  papers  gave  only  meager  ac- 
counts which  were  prepared  after  the 
buildings  bad  been  destroyed.  John  A. 
French,  who  was  one  of  the  principal 
owners  at  the  outset,  and  James  D. 
Stowers,  another  of  the  proprietors,  ac- 
quired full  possession  of  the  property 
in  1847,  and  ■■French  &  Stowers,  Pub- 
lishers,"   appeared    at    the    head    of    the 


lustrated  the  famous  Webster-Parkman 
murder  case. 

The  office  was  removed  in  1855  to 
Williams  Court,  about  midway  between 
Washington  street  and  Court  square, 
where  it  remained  until  the  erection  of 
its  new  building  twenty-three  years 
later.  In  that  year  the  late  Charles  H. 
./Andrews,  who  became  one  of  the  own- 


VICTOB  P.  I.A-WS01I. 

paper.    They  were  soon  after  succeeded  ers   in   1869   and   remained   such   to   the 

by  Samuel  K.  Head  as  sole  proprietor,  time  of  his  death   in  1897,  entered  the 

and  the  editor-in-chief  was  William  Jos-  service  of  the  paper  as  reporter, 

eph  Snelling,  oneof  the  ablest  and  most  Edwin   C.   Bailey  acquired   possession 

fearless    writers    ever    engaged    on    the  of   the  paper  in  1856  and  remained  its 

Boston  press.  sole  owner  for  thirteen  years. 

Some    of    the    first    wood    cuts    ever  An    important   event   in    the   Herald's 

printed    in    a    Boston    paper    appeared  history    occurred    in    1869,    when    Mr. 

in  the  Herald  in  the  fall  of  1849  and  il-  Bailey    disposed   of   his    interest    in   the 


paper  to  Royal  M.  Pulsifer,  Edwin  B. 
Haskell,  Charles  H.  Andress,  Justin  An- 
drews and  George  G.  Bailey.  The  lat- 
ter retained  his  interest  for  only  two 
years,  and  Mr.  Justin  Andrews  retired 
from  ownership  in  1873. 

In  1888  Messrs.  Haskell  and  Andrews, 
'having  amassed  a  competency,  retired 
from  actpive  management,  and  a  corpo- 
ration, called  the  Boston  Herald  Co., 
was  formed,  the  shareholders  including, 
besides  Messrs.  Pulsifer,  Haskell  and 
.Andrews,  John  H.  Holmes,  the  manag- 
ing editor.  William  E.  Haskell,  who 
had  been  identified  with  Western  news- 
papers, and  through  acquisitions  of  other 
stock  he  and  Mr.  Holmes  became  equal 
owners  of  the  Herald.  In  May,  1906, 
possession  was  taken  of  the  present  es- 
tablishment at  171  Tremont  street,  and 
of  a  building  across  Mason  street  in  the 
rear,  which  had  been  especially  erected 
for  it,  and  which  contains  the  editorial 
and  mechanical  departments. 

In  October,  1906,  Mr.  Holmes  dis- 
posed of  his  holdings  to  William  E. 
Haskell,  who  during  the  last  two  years 
had  acted  as  publisher,  and  the  latter 
became  the  sole  director  of  the  property 
for  the  succeeding  four  years.  The 
price  of  the  daily  was  reduced  to  one 
cent  in  1908.  Mr.  Haskell's  regime  was 
not  a  success,  and  the  property  fell  into 
the  hands  of  'its  present  owners,  a  stock 
company,  reorganized  under  the  name 
of  the  Boston  Herald,  Incorporated.  Its 
editor-in-chief  in  1911  was  Robert  Lin- 
coln O'Brien,  formerly  editor  of  the 
Boston  Transcript,  and  its  publisher  is 
John  Wells  Farley. 

BOSTON  EVENING  TRANSCRIPT. 

The  Boston  Evening  Transcript  has 
passed  the  fourscore  mark  set  by  the 
psalmist,  and  conversely  as  its  years  in- 
crease it  grows  in  size,  in  vigor  and  in 
the  hearts  of  its  loval  clientele.  It  "was 
established  in  1830 'by  Dutton  &  Went- 
worth,  and  its  first  editor  was  Lynde  M. 
Walter,  who  upon  his  death  in  184'2  was 
succeeded  by  his  sister.  Miss  Cornelia 
M.  Walter.  Five  years  later  Epes  Sar- 
gent, the  well  known  author,  became  the 
editor,  and  in  1853  Daniel  HasKell  as- 
sumed editorial  control  and  continued 
to  direct  its  columns  until  his  death  in 
1874.  Rev.  Thomas  B.  Fox,  who  had 
been  the  latter's  assistant,  was  the  di- 
recting force  until  the  next  year,  when 
the  staff  was  reorganized,  and  many 
whose  names  are  well  known  to  the 
present  generation  were  borne  upon  its 
rolls.  The  late  William  A.  Hovey  be- 
came its  managing  editor ;  Charles  E. 
Hurd,  the  literary  editor:  Edward  H. 
Clement,  its  musical  and  dramatic  edi- 
tor; Benjamin  F.  Priest,  its  city  editor; 
William  A,  Ford,  its  enciiange  editor; 
Clarence  W.  Barron,  its  financial  editor, 
and  Edward  E.  Edwards,  William  V. 
Alexander,  Lewis  G.  rarmer  and  Will- 
iam O.  Robson  were  added  to  its  repor- 
torial  force  in  that  decade.     Mr.  Hovey 


64 


THE   EDITOR   AND   PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


Send  for  a  fleport  on 

Your  Distribution  in  Minneapolis 


THE   Minneapolis  Tribune  has  just  completed  investigations  on  the 
sale  of  the  merchandise  that  is   selling  best  in  Minneapolis  in  the 
nine  lines  of  trade  specified  below. 
These  reports  give  statistics  on  the  possible  distribution,  together  with 
the  present  distribution  of  advertising  possibilities  as  reported  by  the  mer- 
chants themselves. 

They  show  the  probable  proportion  of  goods  being  bought  in  this  most 
important  market,  from  you  and  from  your  competitor. 

DO  YOU  WANT  ONE  OF  THESE? 

Check   the  report   you    wish   and 
write  to-day. 
1 — Report    on    what    is    sold    by    the 

DRUG    TRADE. 
2 — Report    on    what    is    sold    by    the 

GROCERY  TRADE. 

3 — Report  on  what  is  sold  by  the 
HARDWARE  TRADE. 

4 — Report  on  what  is  sold  by  the 
SHOE    TRADE. 

5 — Report    on    what    is    sold    by    the 

DRY    GOODS    TRADE. 
6 — Report    on    what    is    sold    by    the 

MEN'S    CLOTHING    TRADE. 
7 — Report    on    what    is    sold    by    the 

FURNITURE   TRADE. 
8 — Report    on    what    is    sold    by    the 

JEWELRY  TRADE. 
9 — Report    on    what    is    sold    by    the 

CIGAR  TRADE. 


The  facts  will  surprise 
some  manufacturers  and 
please  others. 


Write  for  your  copy 
of  these  reports  and 
draw    your    own     conclu- 


®fe  Utirmiijwdis  Stit^iittje 


Eastern  Representative 

J.  C.  WILBERDING 

Brunswick  Bldg.,  New  York  City 


GERALD    PIERCE 
Manager  of  Advertising 


Western  Representative 
■       C.  GEORGE  KROGNESS 
Marquette  Bldg.,  Cliicago,  Illinois 


Sworn   Circulation   Statement   of   The   Minneapolis    Tribune    made    to    the    government. 
Daily— 104,171.     Sunday— 148,016. 

They  Shop  in  the  Tribune  Before  They  Shop  in  the  Store 


65 


was  silcceeded  by  Mr.  Clement  in  1881, 
and  following  him  came  Robert  Lin- 
coln O'Brien  in  19UC,  who  in  ISIO  gave 
way  to  Frank  B.  Tracy.  Henry  W. 
Button  &  Son  became  the  sole  proprie- 
tors of  the  Transcript  in  ISoB  and  man- 
aged the  property  until  their  deaths  in 
1875,  William  B.  Durant  acting  as  treas- 
urer for  a  period  of  twenty-eight  years, 
ending  with  his  demise  in  19U3.  The 
present  head  of  the  Transcript  corpo- 
ration is  Samuel  P.  Mandell,  and  the 
general  manager  is  his  son,  George  S. 
Mandell. 

The  Transcript  was  originally  pub- 
lished at  No.  4  Exchange  place,  and  m 
1845  the  office  was  removed  to  35  Con- 
gress street.  In  1800  it  established  itself 
at  No.  02  Washington  street,  now  the 
site  of  the  Globe  building,  and  remained 
there  for  twelve  years.  Its  new  build- 
ing on  Washington  street,  near  the  cor- 
ner of  Milk  street,  had  been  occupied 
but  a  few  months  in  1872  when  the 
great  Boston  fire  swept  it  away,  and  it 
went  back  to  its  old  quarters  at  No.  92 
Washington  street,  and  later  to  Court 
avenue,  while  its  establishment  was 
being  rebuilt.  The  latter  was  completed 
in  1874,  and  has  since  been  occupied  by 
the  paper  and  known  as  the  Transcript 
Building.  Notwithstanding  its  several 
changes  of  location  and  the  disaster  of 


l-HE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOtTRNALlST 

was  first  given  to  the  public  on  March 
21,  1904.  The  offices  were  located  at 
80-82  Summer  street,  and  these  are  still 
occupied  by  the  American.  The  Amer- 
ican was  at  the  start  of  that  aggressive 
style  which  characterized  all  of  Mr. 
Hearst's  publications.  The  issues  in- 
clude frequent  editions  throughout  the 
day  and  a  Sunday  edition,  the  former 
selling  for  one  cent  and  the  latter  for 
live  cents. 

The  issuing  of  the  first  Boston  Ame-- 
rcan  was  an  interesting  event.  The  press 
was  started  by  Hon.  John  L.  Bates,  then 
Governor  of  the  State.  As  it  happened. 
Governor  Bates  was  necessarily  present 
at  a  meeting  of  bank  directors  in  East 
Boston  on  the  forenoon  when  the  first 
American  was  to  'be  printed,  and  could 
not  be  in  the  press  room  to  touch  the 


gave  earnest  support  to  the  successful 
Democratic  candidates.  Governors  Doug- 
las and  Foss.  The  resources  of  the 
American  have  always  been  employed 
to  the  fullest  extent  to  obtain  the  news 
of  the  world  at  any  cost,  and  to  cover 
events  of  special  interest  to  Boston  in 
its  own  unique  manner,  it  has  sent 
its  correspondents  into  every  field,  at 
home  and  abroad,  where  events  of  mo- 
ment to  its  Boston  readers  were  trans- 
piring. Its  columns  contain  more  pic- 
tures than  are  published  in  any  other 
newspaper,  its  aim  being  to  amuse  as 
well  as  to  instruct. 

WILMINGTON  EVERY  EVENING. 

Every  Evening,  although  its  first  issue 
bears  date  of  September  4,  1871,  lays 
claim,    by   reason   of   purchase   and   ab- 


H.     IT.     KUIil^OCrCr. 

1872,  the  Transcript  has  never  sus- 
pended publication  except  on  Sundays 
and  holidays. 

l'"rom  the  first  it  has  been  distinctly  a 
Boston  newspaper.  While  it  covers  fully 
the  news  of  the  world,  it  deals  at 
length  with  every  phase  of  Boston  life 
that  appeals  <o  the  better  elements  and 
holds  a  unique  position  not  only  in  Bos- 
ton newspaperdom  but  in  that  ol  New 
England. 

To  enumerate  its  conspicuous  contrib- 
utors during  its  career  would  be  to  name 
all  the  leading  writers  in  art,  drama, 
science,  history,  economics  and  a  dozen 
other  subjects.  It  has  long  been  noted 
for  its  comprehensive  treatment  of  im- 
portant events  in  daily  history,  and  the 
number  of  pages  issued  day  by  day  is 
gauged  by  the  amount  of  news  matter 
which  it  has  to  present  to  its  readers. 
As  early  as  1830  nearly  the  whole  of 
one  issue  was  devoted  to  the  speech  of 
Daniel  Webster,  who  had  been  engaged 
as  special  prosecutor  in  the  celebrated 
Knapp  murder  trial  at  Salem,  in  which 
he  made  his  famous  declaration  concern- 
ing one  of  the  accused  that  "Suicide  is 
confession."  William  Lloyd  Garrison, 
who  was  a  poor  printer  and  without  the 
means  to  fight  the  cause  of  anti-slav- 
ery, was  given  the  use  of  the  Transcript 
columns,  and  all  of  the  prominent 
writers  oi  the  times  have  sought  its 
pages  as  a  mediitm  for  reaching  thinking 
people. 

THE  BOSTON  AMERICAN. 
For  five  or  six  years  prior  to  1904, 
William  Randolph  Hearst  had  been  mak- 
ing a  strong  bid  tor  patronage  in  New 
England  with  his  New  York  American 
and  New  York  Evening  Journal,  and 
had  obtained  so  large  a  following  that 
he  determined  to  enter  the  field  with  a 
paper  which  should  be  edited  and  issued 
in  Boston.  The  result  was  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Boston  American,  which 


A     STORY     OF     THE     AMERICAN 

NEWSPAPER  PUBLISHERS' 

ASSOCIATION. 

By  Lincoln  B.  Palmer. 

During  the  years  preceding  1886  there 
were  several  editorial  and  telegraphic 
press  associations  in  existence,  but  no 
organization  of  the  business  interests  of 
the  various  newspapers  with  a  natural 
result  that,  in  consequence  of  a  lack  oi 
co-operation,  many  losses  were  incurred 
in  the  publishing  branch  of  the  business. 
During  that  year  W.  H.  Brearley,  of 
the  Detroit  Evening  News,  in  an  ad- 
dress before  the  National  Editorial  As- 
sociation at  a  meeting  held  in  Cincin- 
nati, Feb.  24,  1886,  advocated  the  forma- 
tion of  a  publishers'  association  com- 
posed of  those  newspapers  that  made 
public  their  actual  circulation  and  main- 
tained   advertising     rates. 

But  it  was  not  until  July  of  the  same 
year  that  any  definite  step  was  under- 
taken to  bring  about  a  realization  of  his 
plan.  During  that  month  Mr.  Brearley 
mailed  to  about  1,500  newspapers  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada  a  printed  cir- 
cular outlining  the  objects  of  the  pro- 
posed association.  .'\  meeting  w-as  held 
at  the  Russell  House  in  Detroit  on 
Nov.    17   of   the  same   year,   which   was 


i;iITCOI.N     B.     FAX.MEB. 

ot   the  American   Newspaper   Publishe 


button  that  started  the  press.  But  this  sorption,  to  active  connection  with  the 
difficulty  was  easily  overcome.  A  tele-  early  journalism  of  the  country.  F"or  it 
graph  wire  was  strung  into  the  room  in  includes  within  itself  these  other  news- 
East  Boston,  where  the  bank  directors  papers  of  the  city  of  Wilmington  : 
met,  and  by  pressing  a  telegraph  key  The  Delaware  Gazette,  established  in 
there  Governor  Bates  started  the  press  1784;  made  a  daily  in  May,  1872,  and 
that  printed  the  first  issue.  purchased  by  Every  Evening  and  united 

The  paper  was  a  success  from  the  with  the  latter  paper  December  10,  1883. 
start.  'The  circulation  the  first  day  wai  The  Delaware  Journal,  established 
more  than  100,000.  and  it  has  steadily  April  24,  1827 ;  the  Delaware  Statesman, 
grown  since  that  time  until  now  it  established  in  1885  and  united  with  the 
reaches  four  times  that  figure.  Delaware    Journal    the     ame  year ;    the 

At  all  times  it  has  taken  up  the  cause  Journal  and  Statesman  was  purchased 
of  the  people,  and  has  gained  favor  with  by  and  incorporated  into  Every  Evening 
the  masses.     Its   columns   have   teemed    May  1,  1872. 

with  arguments  in  printed  word  and  pic-  The  Wilmington  Co.-nmercial  was 
ture  that  had  for  their  ob}ect  the  benefit  established  October  1,  1868,  and  pur- 
of  the  people  at  large.  It  began  this  chased  and  absorbed  by  Every  Evening 
fight  by  alJtacking  the  gas  interests  and   April  2,   1877. 

later  became  the  champion  of  the  work-  Every  Evening  was  the  pioneer  of 
ing  people  by  demanding  shorter  hours,  vigorous,  aggressive  and  enterprising 
better  sanitary  conditions  in  shops,  more  journalism  in  Wilmington.  It  was  the 
safeguards  for  working  men  and  women  first  paper  to  take  a  regular  telegraphic 
and  laws  that  would  protect  women  and  service  or  to  use  the  telegraph  effectively 
children.  It  also  made  a  fierce  attack  as  one  of  its  news  agencies.  During  its 
upon  the  lobby  at  the  State  House  and   career  it  has  steadily  progressed. 

66 


JOHN    NORBIS. 

attended  by  seven  publishers,  one  of 
whom,  Mr.  Brearley,  held  proxies  from 
twenty-four  publications. 

A  committee  appointeJ  at  that  meet- 
ing energetically  followed  up  the  work 
with  the  result  that  a  convention  was 
held  at  the  Powers  Hotel,  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  Feb.  16,  1897,  at  which  the  Amer- 
ican Newspaper  Publishers'  Association 
was  organized  with  a  membership  of  74. 
To-day  the  membership  exceeds  330 
and  comprises  practically  every  newspa- 
per of  importance  published  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada.  During  the 
twenty-six  years  of  its  activities  it  has 
been  a  great  and  consistent  factor  in 
the  elevation  of  the  business  of  newspa- 
per publishing.  With  the  co-operation 
of  its  membership  it  has  accomplished 
results  of  benefit  to  all,  and  while  it  has 
at  all  times  led  rather  than  followed 
tne  advances  made  in  the  publishing 
business  it  has  not  departed  from,  but 
has  strictly  maintained,  the  principles  of 
its  founders. 

It  provides  a  second  clearing  house 
for  the  business  departments  of  al!  of 
its  members  and  protects  them  in  the 
event  oi  labor  difficulties. 

It  has  made  a  thorough  study  of  the 
white  paper  conditions  and  its  depart- 
ment devoted  to  that  work  has  saved 
publishers  many  thousands  of  dollars. 

It  supplies  its  members  with  accurate 
and  timely  credit  information  and  care- 
fully supervises  advertising  agencies.  It 
has  conducted  a  successful  campaign 
against  the  vocation  of  the  press  agent 
and  yearly  saves  members  thousands  of 
dollars  by  its  exposure  of  frauds. 

The  association  is  a  unit  that  makes 
possible  a  concerted  action  for  the  up- 
lift of  the  profession,  and  along  per- 
fectly legal  lines  its  achievements  have 
demonstrated  the  benefits  to  be  obtain- 
ed by  close  co-operation,  the  absence  ot 
which  led  to  its  organization. 


THE   EblTOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


YOUR  SHARE  IN  MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 

Now  being  spent  in  San  Francisco  in  preparation 
for  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition  can  be  had  by 
advertising  in  the 

San  Francisco  Examiner 

which  covers  its  field  more  thoroughly  than  any  other 
one  metropolitan   newspaper  in  the  United  States. 

The  EXAMINER  is  the  only  newspaper  in  America,  exclusively  morning 
or  evening,  selling  at  more  than  1  c.  per  copy,  with  more  than  1  00,000  net 
paid  Daily  circulation. 

The  statement  to  the  U.  S.  Government  of  April  7,  1913,  was  as  follows : 

STATEMENT    OF    THE    OWNERSHIP,    MANAGEMENT,    CIRCULATION,    ETC., 

OF 

THE  SAN  FRANCISCO  EXAMINER 

Published   Daily,   including   Sunday,    at    San    Francisco,    Cal. 
Required   by  the  Act  of  August  24,  1912 
Name  of  Post  Office  Address 

Editor,  President,  DENT  H.  ROBERT,  3300  Clay  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer,  W.  F.  BOGART,  16  Fifth  Ave.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Managing  Editor,  C.  S.  STANTON,  2255  Vallejo  St.,  San  Francisco,   Cal. 

Business  Manager,  C.  S.  YOUNG,  2822  Clay  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Publisher,   EXAMINER   PRINTING   COMPANY,    San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Owners:  (If  a  corporation,  give  names  and  addresses  of  stockholders  holding  i  per  cent, 
or  more  of  total  amount  of  stock.) 

WILLIAM  R.  HEARST,  New  York  City 

Known  bondholders,  mortgagees,  and  other  security  holders,  holding  i  per  cent,  or  more 
of  total  amount  of  bonds,  mortgages  or  other  securities:    NONE. 

Average  number  of  copies  of  each  issue  of  this  publication  sold  or  distributed, 
through  the  mails  or  otherwise,  to  paid  subscribers  during  the  six  months 
preceding  the  date  of  this  statement.  (This  information  is  required  from 
daily  newspapers  only.) 

Daily,  103,T02 


Sunday,  19T,305 

T)  DENT  H.  ROBERT,  Publisher 


The  Dzuly  circulation 
is  now 


110,100 

M.  D.  HUNTOK,  220  Fifth  Ave.,  NEW  YORK 


The  Sunday  circulation 
is  now     .        .        .        . 


212,SOO 

W.  H.  WILSON,  Hearst  Bldg.,  CHICAGO 


67 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


with    its    destinies    since 


THE  JACKSON   PATRIOT. 

In  tile  summer  of  1844  Wilbur  1''. 
Storey,  a  native  of  iMiddleburg,  V  t., 
came  to  Jackson,  Mich.,  from  South 
Bend,  Ind.,  and,  in  company  witli  his 
brother-in-law,  Reuben  S.  Cheney, 
started  as  a  weekly  newspaper,  the 
Jackson  Patriot,  now  the  olciesi  sur- 
viving newspaper  under  its  original  "•  Llewellyn,  a 
Kansas. 


James  conducting  tlie  fight  for  the  present 
Frank,  its  secretary  and  managing  tariff  laws,  and  has  been  known  as  the 
editor,  since  1884,  and  Milo  W.  Whit-  leader  of  the  "stand-pat"  faction  in 
taker,  as  manager  and  treasurer,  since  Iowa  politics.  In  '9U6  Mr.  Young  vis- 
1889.  ited  the  Philippines,  China  and  Japan 
THE  DES  MOINES  CAPITAL.  ™"h  Secretary  of  War  Taft,  continuing 
„,_,,.  T^  •■  r-  •.  1  .„  on  around  the  world.  He  is  a  public 
The  Des  Moines  Daily  Capial  was  es-  3  ^er  of  national  prominence,  and  has 
tabhs^iedm  1882  the  founders  being  j^oken  on  many  important  occasions  all 
W.  H.  Fleming,  B.  F.  Arnold  and  W  ^'^^^  ^^^  United  States.  With  such  a 
afterward  Governor  of  for^^f^i  personality  back  of  the  Capital 
it  was  to  be  expected  that  the  paper 
The  paper  has  had  several  owners  would  soon  become  a  great  factor  in  the 
since  it  was  established.  One  of  its  public  affairs  of  Iowa, 
first  editors  was  Hon.  J.  R.  Sage,  who  At  the  time  of  Mr.  Young's  purchase 
the  Patriot  one  of  the  leading  Demo-  for  many  years  has  been  the  State  and  gf  tf,e  Capital  there  were  four  daily  pa- 
cratic  journals  in  the  State.  Mr.  Storey  Federal  crop  reporter  at  Des  Moines,  pers  in  Des  Moines,  two  morning  and 
went  to  the  ownership  and  editorsn.p  J"^  whose  reports  have  been  noted  for  two  evening  Some  years  later  the  num- 
,  ,  ,^  .  ,  ,  ,  their  reliability.  Mr.  Sage  made  tne  be^  was  reduced  to  three  by  a  consoli- 
of  the  Detroit  l^ree  Press  m  l-ebruary.  Capital  brilliant  in  its  editorial  depart-  dation  of  the  morning  papers,  thus 
1853,  and  for  eight  years  made  it  one  ment.  leaving  Des  Moines  with  one  morning 
of  the  most  aggressive  and  prosperous  The  early  owners  were  succeeded  by  and  two  evening  publications  covering 
W.  C.  Kegel,  and  he  in  turn  by  D.  H.  the  field  with  complete  telegraphic  re- 
Hooker,  who  became  both  editor  and  ports  and  extensive  local  service, 
proprietor.  He  made  a  clean  paper  of  The  Capital  under  Mr.  Young's  own- 
In  18(il  he  sold  the  Free  I'ress  and  jhe  Capital,  publishing  no  news  of  sport-  ership  made  steady  progress  from  the 
went  to  Chicago  and  uougnt  tiie  almost  j^g  events,  fighting  or  racing.  The  pa-  start.  About  three  years  ago  its  print- 
uelunct  Chicago  iimes,  and  by  nis  mas-  pg"  under  his  management  reached  a  ing  establishment  was  removed  to  the 
terlul  genius  lor  newspaper  worK  maae  substantial  basis,  but  the  circulation  was  Masonic  Temple,  in  the  heart  of  the 
It  one  01  tne  great  journals  01  nis  time,  ^^j  large.  business  district  of  the  city,  where  a 
Mr.  Storey,  wno  gave  tiie  Patriot  jj^n  Lafayette  Younsr  bought  the  Hoe  quadruple  two-color  press  was  in- 
Capital  from  Mr.  Hooker  in  March,  stalled  and  the  foundation  laid  for  an- 
1890,   taking  possession  and   issuing  his  otiher  of  the  same  kind. 


name  in  the  city  and  count}. 

Mr.  Storey  became  its  editor,  and  by 
his  incisive  and  learlcss  editorial,  made 


newspapers   in    the    State   borderni: 
the  Great  Lakes. 


Move     i-t    in    and 
u-t    'i-t  about 
here-  . 


such  a  wide  reputation  iiirougnout 
Michigan,  ranked  scarcely  below  PLorace 
Greeley,  James  Gordon  i^ennett,  Cnarles 
A.  Uana,  Henry  J.  Kaymond  and  Josepn 
Medill. 

The  first  daily  newspaper  in  Jackson 
was  the  Patriot,  started  as  sucii  Uj 
Storey  and  Cheney,  Jan.  18,  1848,  one 
week  after  the  advent  ot  the  then  "won- 
derful, magnetic  telegraph,'  wflicn 
brougnt  news  trora  all  parts  01  the  coun- 
try. I'here  was  energy  and  enthusiasm 
in  the  new  project  in  plenty,  but  sup- 
port was  lacking,  and  tne  daily  issue 
lasted  but  two  weeks.  Ihe  weeKly  was 
continued  without  a  skip  to  February, 
lyiU,  when  its  list  was  merged  with  its 
daily  issue.  The  Patriot  as  a  daily  was 
permanently    established    on    Aug.    20, 

It  has  had  for  its  editors  several 
splendid  men,  of  whom  there  are  now 
living  Baxter  L.  Carleton  and  Hon.  Kd- 
wara  W.  Barber.  Ihe  former  retired  in 
188U,  and  the  latter,  Mr.  Barber,  al- 
though nearly  eighty-four  years  old,  is 
actively  engaged  as  a  writer  on  the 
newspaper  and  is  president  of  the  com- 
pany publishing  it. 

Mr.  Barber  had  a  thorough  training 
in  the  school  of  journalism.  Learned 
to  set  type,  and  filled  every  position  on 
the  newspaper.  Was  Washington  cor- 
respondent for  a  number  of  tne  great 
dallies;  was  reading  clerk  of  the  Na- 
tional House  of  Kepresentatives,  and 
during  Grant's  administration  was  made 
Third  Postmaster  General. '  During 
his  administration  he  gave  the  coun- 
try its  first  registered  pouch  system  of 
dispatching  mail,  the  postal  card  and 
several  other  innovations  of  the  time. 
Air.  Barber  is  still  a  young  old  man, 
and  is  fully  abreast  of  the  times. 

In  January,  1890,  the  Patriot,  in 
keeping  with  its  progressive  spirit,  in- 
augurated a  system  of  delivery  of  its 
daily  paper  to  the  farmers  of  Jackson 
County.       It     established     four     direct 

routes  and  one  relay  route.  These  routes  first  paper  the  31st  of  March  that  year.  Being  a  provincial  newspaper,  the 
were  laid  out  to  cover  the  territory  Mr.  Young  had  been  an  important  Capital  has  a  large  country  circulation, 
north,  east,  south  and  west,  and  the  figure  in  Iowa  political  affairs  for  the  and  (he  difficulty  of  getting  country  sub- 
Patriot  was  delivered  by  carrier  on  preceding  twenty  years,  and  he  has  con-  scribers  to  pay  in  advance  was  solved 
horseback  every  day,  except  Monday,  in  tinued  his  political  activities  during  the  ten  years  ago  by  the  inauguration  of  a 
the  early  morning  hours.  These  routes  sixteen  years  he  has  conducted  the  Cap-  "bargain  day"  in  the  subscription  de- 
antedated  the  Government's  rural  ital.  He  was  the  first  native  lowan  to  partment.  On  the  28th  of  December, 
routes,  and  were  continued  until  the  be  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  1896,  it  was  announced  that  all  sub- 
rural  free  delivery  system  was  estab-  and  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  scriibers  who  remitted  two  dollars  on 
lished  in  Jackson  County.  One  of  the  for  a  period  of  twelve  years.  He  has  that  day  could  secure  the  paper  one 
Patriot's  routes  was  chosen  as  the  first  not,  however,  held  any  other  political  year.  This  "bargain  day''  has  grown 
to  secure  rural  free  delivery  from  the  office,  except  that  he  has  been  a  delegate  in  popularity  during  the  ten  years  that 
government  in  Michigan.  This  novel  to  State  and  National  conventions  of  it  has  been  in  operation,  and  thus  the 
system  of  newspaper  delivery  attracted  the  Republican  party,  and  in  the  Re-  Capital  starts  out  at  the  beginning  of 
wide  attention  to  the  Patriot  from  publican  National  Convention  in  1900  each  new  year  with  a  large  mail  circula- 
newspaper  and  advertising  men  of  he  placed  in  nomination  Theodore  tion,  all  practically  paid  in  advance, 
twenty  years  ago,  and  is  simply  men-  Roosevelt  for  Vice-President  of  the  The  Capital  has  exceptional  distribut- 
tioned  here  to  show  the  progressiveness  United  States.  Mr.  Young  had  expect-  ing  facilities.  Des  Moines  erijoys  a 
of  one  daily  country  paper  of  that  time,  ed  to  nominate  Senator  Dolliver,  of  splendid  railroad  and  mail  service,  and 
The  Patriot  to-day  is  just  as  widely  Iowa,  for  Vice-President,  but  his  name  as  the  mails  depart  universally  in  the 
known  for  its  clean  journalism  and  prog-  was  withdrawn  and  Mark  Hanna,  then  evening  it  is  possible  for  an  evening 
ressiveness  as  at  any  period  in  its  his-  the  Republican  National  leader,  re-  newspaper  to  have  the  widest  circula- 
tory, E.  W.  Barber,  president  of  the  quested  'Hhe  lowan  to  nominate  Mr.  tion.  The  Capital  can  be  mailed  at  Des 
Patriot    company,    has   been    connected    Roosevelt.     Mr.  Young  also  assisted  in    Moines   at  4  o'clock  on  any  afternoon 


and  before  4  o'clock  the  ne.xt  day  feach 
any  post  othce  in  the  itate.  'IHe  Capi- 
tal goes  out  every  alternoon  witft  all 
tne  market  reports  01  the  day,  and  tne 
next  morning  goes  into  thousands  01 
mail  bags  on  tjie  rural  routes.  A  ma- 
jority 01  tarmers  wno  take  a  daily 
newspaper  take  it  for  the  market  re- 
ports, ihe  report  tliat  is  in  an  evening 
paper  to-day  is  in  the  morning  paper 
Lo-morrow;  hence,  in  the  distribution 
of  reports  in  a  farming  State  like  iowa 
tne  Capital  has  an  unqualinea  advan- 
tage. 

ihe  readers  of  the  Capital  are  of  an 
intelligent  and  prosperous  class,  lis 
suDscriDers  renew  from  year  to  year  be- 
cause they  like  the  paper;  t?hey  believe 
in  It;  they  rely  upon  the  truohtulness 
of  what  tiiey  see  in  its  columns,  it  is 
a  prominent  factor  in  all  public  move- 
ments, and  has  played  an  important  part 
in  promoting  tne  growth  ot  its  State 
and  city. 

Lafayette  Young,  Jr.,  a  son  of  the 
proprietor,  has  been  business  manager 
ot  the  Capital  since  lyui.  He  is  at 
present  twenty-nine  years  of  age,  is  a 
graduate  ot  the  University  ot  Michi- 
gan, with  the  degree  01  Bachelor  of 
Philosophy,  and  a  graduate  of  the  law 
department  of  the  university  ot  iowa, 
with  the  degree  of  LU.B. 

THE  DETROIT  FREE  PRESS. 

The  Detroit  Free  Press  was  seventy- 
six  years  old  on  the  fifth  day  of  IViay, 
lyUV,  the  first  number  of  it  tiaving  been 
issued  May  5,  1831.  its  history  might 
with  some  show  of  propriety  be  said 
to  have  begun  with  the  iJetroit  Gazette 
in  1817,  for  it  was  conducted  by  the 
same  man  who  toad  been  the  publisher  of 
,the  Gazette  at  the  time  of  its  suspen- 
sion. Joseph  Campau,  a  wealthy  mer- 
chant of  the  old  French  regime,  and  his 
son-in-law.  Gen.  John  K.  Williams, 
formed  a  partnership  styled  Joseph  Cam- 
pau &  Co.,  and  bought  out  the  Oak- 
land County  Chronicle,  which  had  been 
published  lor  eight  months  at  Pontiac, 
twenty-five  miles  north  of  Detroit,  by 
Thomas  Simpson.  In  April,  1831,  the 
Chronicle  material  was  removed  to  De- 
troit by  team.  Sheldon  McKnight  was 
installed  as  editor  and  publisher,  and 
liberal  terms  were  made  for  his  eventual 
proprietorship. 

That  was  how  the  Detroit  Free  Press 
began  life  as  a  Democratic  newspaper. 
It  held  steadily  to  that  political  faith 
during  a  continuous  period  of  sixty-five 
years — until  1896.  If  ever  a  public  act 
was  determined  by  the  spirit  ot  true  pa- 
triotism, that  act  was  the  severing  by 
the  Detroit  Free  Press  of  its  ancient 
moorings.  The  responsibility  was  Will- 
iam E,  Quinby's.  The  honors  that 
should  accompany  it  are  also  his. 

Edward  D.  Stair  and  Philip  H.  Mc- 
Millan are  his  successors  in  the  prop- 
erty and  editorial  control  of  The  Free 
Press. 

From  1831  to  1835  The  Detroit  Free 
Press  was  a  weekly  publication.  The 
first  number  oi  the  daily  edition  was  is- 
sued on  the  28th  of  September,  1835. 
The  salutatory  of  editor  Sheldon  Mc- 
Knight was  brief,  simple,  direct  and  un- 
rhetorical.  Its  opening  paragraph — one 
of  only  four — was  in  these  words  :  "We 
this  day  commence  the  publication  of  a 
daily  newspaper,  and  send  forth  our  first 
number,  respectfully  inviting  the  encour- 
aging aid  and  sustaining  patronage  of 
the  public." 

Mr.  McKnight  continued  in  the  editor- 
ship of  the  paper  until  February  1. 1830, 
when  he  sold  his  interest  to  L.  L.  Morse 
(who  had  been  editor  of  the  Ontario 
Messenger,  at  Canandaigua.  N.  Y.),  and 
John  S.  Bagg.  In  July,  1836,  Mr.  Bagg 
became  sole  proprietor,  and  he  continued 
in  control  several  years.  On  January 
4,  1837,  the  office  fell  prey  to  fire.  The 
severity  of  the  loss  will  be  understood 
when  it  is  said  that  it  was  impossible  to 
transport  a  new  plant  from  the  east  be- 
cause navigation  was  closed  and  there 
was  no  other  means  of  freighting  heavy 
material.  Februarv  27,  1837,  marked  the 
reappearance  of  The  Free  Press  under 
(.Continued  on  page  74.) 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


AD  CLUB  NEWS. 


At  the  weekly  meeting  of  the  Utica 
(N.  y.)  Ad  Club  the  members  indulged 
in  a  general  discussion  of  ways  and 
means  to  increase  the  usefulness  of  the 
organization.  It  was  the  general  ex- 
pression that  it  would  be  well  for  the 
club  to  do  more  work  in  the  way  of  as- 
sisting .and  advising  local  advertisers. 
One  of  the  visitors  at  the  meeting,  Wal- 
ter Manning,  of  McClure's  Magazine, 
related  some  observations  concernmg 
the  work  of  the  Rochester  Ad  Club,  and 
made  comments  on  advertising  subjects 
that   were  received  with   much  interest. 


The  lecture  was  was  written  by  Karl  E. 
Murchy,  of  Detroit,  and  read  by  E.  E. 
Edwards.  Some  rich  examples  of 
fraudulent  ads  were  displayed.  Mr.  Ed- 
wards told  of  the  vital  importance  of 
honesty  in  advertising,  and  showed  that 
bad  or  dishonest  ads  cri-ppled  the  influ- 
ence of  good  ads. 


I.  J.  Cassett,  advertising  manager  for 
M.  Rich  &  Bro.  Co.,  was  the  chief 
speaker  at  the  session  of  the  Atlanta 
(Ga.)  Ad  Men's  Club.  He  delivered  a 
strong  and  concise  speech  on  "Retail 
Advertising,"  showing  how  it  may  be 
made  to  serve  its  purpose  efficiently 
and  effectively.  He  urged  the  exercise 
of  truthfulness  in  advertising  and  illus- 
trated how  a  business  may  be  made  to 
profit  by  that  policy.  After  he  concluded 
'his  remarks  the  members  took  part  in  a 
discussion  of  various  points  which  he 
brought  out. 


In  line  with  its  campaign  to  "build  up 
commerce  by  driving  t^e  pirates  from 
the  'high  seas  of  publicity,"  the  New 
Orleans  Ad  Club  at  its  weekly  meeting 
revealed  numerous  advertising  "fakes" 
through    pictures    thrown    on   a    screen. 


The  New  Orleans  Item 

U.  S.  p.  O.  REPORT 
Six    Months*    Average    Circulation, 

Picayune    19,882 

Times-Democrat    22,400 

States    29,267 

Item    44,752 

THE  JOHN   BUDD   COMPANY, 

Advertising  Representatives 

New  York  Chicago  St  Louis 


THE  prrrsBURG 

PRESS 
Has  the  Largest 

Dally    and    Sunday 

CIRCULATION 
KM    PITTSBURG 

Foreign  Advertising  Representatives 
I.  A.  KLEIN,  Metropolitan  Tower,  N.  Y. 
JOHN  GLASS,  Peoples  Gas  BIdg.,  Chicago 


To  General  Advertisers 
and  Agents 

When  you  have  tried  all   other  mediums — 

Suppose  you  try  The  New  Age  Magazine, — 

The   National    Masonic    Monthly. 

It    is    read    and    patronized    by    people    of 

character,  influence  and  financial    ability  to 

buy — and  naturally  they  give  preference  to 

those   who    patronize    the    advertising   pages 

of    their    magazine. 

Maybe  your  copy  would  pull  better  if  you 

used  this  magazine. 

Rate  30c  per  line — $50  per  page. 

THE  NEW  AGE  MAGAZINE 

1  Madison  Avenue  New  Yorlc  City 


TAKE  IT  TO 


24  HOURS  i 

I  OUT  or  34£ 


imfAsiesTl 

i  ENGKWESaX 
.ONEASSra 


lONTDIEMl/'ngT 


The  Denver  Advertising  Club  started 
on  its  fourth  year  last  week  by  the  re- 
election of  John  L.  Hunter  as  president. 
John  F.  Reardon  was  re-elected  first 
vice-president;  O.  J.  Baum,  second  vice- 
president,  and  J.  Craig  Davidson  was 
cho'sen  as  secretary.     The  following  di- 


Mi>Vi4?X^J 


ERS  PHOTO  EN(PVING( 


Advertising 

and 

Super-Adyertising 

This  suggests  Shaw  and  others  who 
wrote  about  a  superman — miles  ahead 
of  the  average  man.  Here  is  a  sim- 
ile from  Adland, 

Memphis,  Tenn.,  is  a  shopping  cen- 
tre for  almost  half  a  million  people; 
a  jobbing  centre  and  a  shipping 
bull's-eye  for  17  railroads  and  175 
Mississippi  steamers.  She  has  125 
acres  of  warehouse  space  for  cotton 
alone.  Her  weekly  bank  clearings 
exceed  over  seven  million  dollars. 
Surely  a  Super-'_ity ! 

The  newspaper  situation  there  is 
dominated  absolutely  by  the 

Memphis 
Commercial  Appeal 

It  is  one  of  the  fcv  newspapers 
known  and  quoted  all  over  the  coun- 
try. It  has  the  Associated  Press,  the 
HeLrst  and  the  Herald  news  service 
— more  than  any  metropolitan  paper 
.'.aims. 

The  MEMPHIS  COMMERCIAL 
APPEAL  is  read  by  95%  of  the  lo- 
cal newspaper  readers.  97%  of  this 
circulation  is  carriec'-right-into-the- 
hon-.js. 

For  January  to  April  1st,  1913,  the 
circulation  averaged  56,512  daily  and 
80,048  Sunday. 

The  Advertising  lead  of  the  COM- 
MERCIAL APPEAL  is  just  as  over- 
whelming, with  a  gain  of  376,138  lines 
in  1912,  and  a  total  of  8,983,618 
lines;  leading  in  foreign,  local  and 
classified  business. 

Surely  a  Super-Paper  with  which 
yc:  can  cover  a  Super-City!  Here 
is  your  opportunity  for  super-adver- 
tising with  super-results. 

The  WEEKLY  COMMERCIAL 
APPEAL  is  the  foremost  farm  pa- 
per of  the  Mississippi  valley.  Circu- 
lation, 98,406  copies.  Let  us  show 
you  the  distribution  by  States. 

THE    MEMPHIS    COMMERCIAL 
APPEAL. 


THE  JOHN  BUDD  COMPANY 

Brunswick  Eldg.,   New   Yorlc;    Tribune 

Bldg.,     Cliicago;      Chemical 

Bldg.,  St.  Louis. 

At  your  service,  any  time,  anywhere. 


rectors  were  elected  to  serve  for  the 
ensuing  year;  R.  A.  Brush,  Thomas 
Macdonald,  F.  G.  Potter,  A.  J.  Beck- 
with,  R.  A.  Turner,  J.  H.  Carson  and 
F.  I.  Carruthers. 


Famous  Women  of  History. 

The  Willis  J.  Abbot  Co.,  of  New 
York,  has  published  the  Abbot  articles 
on  "Famous  Women  of  History,"  which 
have  had  wide  publicity  throughout  the 
country  during  the  past  five  months,  in 
book  form  for  circulation  promotion. 
The  volume,  handsomely  bound  in  cloth, 
illustrated,  contains  448  pages  and  s'hould 
be  a  big  coupon  seller. 


The    New    Advertising    Building. 

The  drawings  of  the  new  $2,800,000 
building  to  be  erected  for  the  use  of 
the  advertising  men  of  New  York  by 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Co.,  at  Thir- 
ty-third street  and  Seventh  avenue, 
were  placed  on  exhibition  at  the  Na- 
tional Printing,  Publishing,  Advertising 
and  Allied  Trades  Show  at  the  Grand 
Central  Palace  this  week.  Later  the 
pictures  will  he  held  at  the  headquarters 
of  the  Eastern  Division  of  the  A.  A.  C. 
of  A.,  at  200  Fifth  avenue,  as  a  perma- 
nent exhibit. 


Hats,  Millinery — and 
Newspapers 

As  a  head  covering,  millinery  is 
not  a  success.  It  is  beautiful  some- 
times, most  always  expensive  and 
expansive.  It  reaches  -ut  into  empty 
space,  sideways  and  upward  instead 
of  just  covering  her  coiffure. 

The  hat  is  more  efficient.  It  cov- 
ers the  head.  It  serves  no  other 
.jurpose.     It  is  economical  in  cost. 

This  parallel  also  exists  between 
newspapers.  Some  belong  in  the  mil- 
linery class.    But  the 

Syracuse 
Journal 

is  a  "hat"  newspaper.  L  covers  the 
field   economically,   efficiently. 

The  SYRACUSE  JOURNAL  has 
7  larger  City  Circulation  than  any 
other  local   paper— over  30,000. 

The  SYRACUSE  JOURNAL  also 
has  a  larger  local  circulation  in  Oi- 
wego  with  23,368  people,  and  Ful- 
ton, with  10,480  people,  than  all  other 
papers  combined. 

The  tot:.  1  circul:  on  of  the 
SYRACUSE  JOURNAL  for  the 
.ast  six  months  of  1912  averaged 
-j,743  copiej. 

All  this  is  in  .vhat  war  cor.  :- 
spondents  would  call  "s'riking  di-;- 
tance"  of  the  local  stores. 

The  out-of-town  readers  of  the 
SYRACUSE  JOURNAL  are  not 
hidden  along  the  by-ways,  where  the 
R.  F.  D.  carrier  once  a  day  forms 
the  only  disturbance  in  the  land- 
scat  e. 

Let  us  tell  you  r.ore  about  the 
difference  between  h:.t-newspapers 
and  millinery-newspapers,  also  about 
th^  Syracuse  situation. 

THE   SYRACUSE  JOURNAL 


THE  JOHN  BUD'i  COMPANY 

Advertising  Representatives 

lunswick  Bldg.,  New   York;    Tribun 

Bldg.,      Chicago;      Chemical 

Bldg.,  St.  Louis. 

it  your  service,  any  time,  anywhere. 


i  Local  National 
Advertising  <  us. 

(  National  Local 

To  reach  2$%  of  the  homes  in 
any  town  is  impossible  through 
general  publications.  But  there's 
hardly  a  newspaper  that  doesn't 
reach  more  in  its  local  field. 

To  reach  less  isn't  a  campaign, 
but  a  skirmish.  It  brings  no  de- 
cisive victory.  Skiinming  a  ter- 
ritory is  worse  than  skipping  it 
— also  more  expensive. 

Thoroughness  of  circulation  is 
possible  only  through 

Newspapers 

They  are  the  only  mediums 
that  can  carry  your  whole  story 
where  you  want  it,  when  you 
want  it,  as  often  and  as  quickly 
as  you  want  it. 

Newspapers  permit  perfect 
dovetailing  between  sales  and  ad- 
vertising departments. 

Your  newspaper  advertising 
reaches  not  only  the  consumer, 
but  also  the  dealer — and  in  his 
favorite  medium. 

National  Advertising  through 
newspapers  excels  aU  other 
methods  in  economy. 

For  example,  $4,000  buys  10 
million  newspaper  circulation 
for  a  200  line  one  time  ad.  _  The 
same  buy  in  so-called  National 
Mediums  costs  $10,000. 

Newspaper  advertising  is  free 
from  the  "duplication"  bugaboo. 

Newspaper  advertising  reaches 
all  the  adults  of  the  family. 

We  represent  good  news- 
papers in  a  score  of  the  leading 
cities  of  the  land,  and  it  is  our 
business  to  supply  those  inter- 
ested with  every  kind  of  infor- 
mation obtainable  about  each  of 
those  papers  and  the  field  it  oc- 
cupies. 


THE  JOHN  BUDD  COMP.\NY 

Advertising  Rcfresentativcs, 

Brunswick   Bldg.,  New  York;    Tribune 

Bldg.,     Chicago;      Chemical 

Bldg.,  St.  Louis. 

.4t  your  service,  any  time,  anyvlicre. 


69 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 

The  Engineer  and  the  Newspaper. 


By  HENRY  A.  WISE  WOOD. 


I  have  never  understood  why  there 
should  be  conflict  between  the  idealist 
and  the  materialist.  It  has  always 
seemed  to  me  that  both  are  necessary 
to  the  progressive  life  which  modern 
civilization  demands,  and  that  in  the 
evolution  of  social  development  one  sup- 
plements the  other.  The  idealist  deals 
with  form,  and  the  materialist  with  sub- 
stance. The  former  conceives  new 
shapes  into  which  old  things  should  be 
put,  and  eventually,  though  perhaps 
grudgingly,  the  materialist  accepts  the 
version  of  the  idealist,  and  reshapes  the 
substance  of  things  to  conform  with  it. 

It  has  seemed  to  me,  as  I  have  said, 
that  there  should  be  no  conflict  between 
the  two,  that  they  should  Avork  not 
only  together,  but  that  each  forepushing 
individual  should  strive  to  combine  in 
himself  the  spirits  of  the  idealist  and 
the  materialist,  that  he  may  create  new 
.and  useful  forms  and  embody  them  in 
living  substance.  It  is  upon  the  work 
of  such  men  that  our  inuustrial  life  of 
the  present  day  rests.  Had  they  not 
lived  in  the  past  we  should  now  be  with- 
out the  vast  enginery  that  enables  what 
many  believe  to  be  an  over-peopled 
world  to  thrive  robustly,  to  live  in  com- 
fort, and  to  enjoy  varieties  of  happiness 
never   before   known. 

The  man  who  first  conceived  a  wheel 
and  made  it,  the  man  who  first  thought 
of  a  sail  and  spread  it,  and  the  man 
who  first  beheld  power  in  rushing  water 
and  thrust  a  wheel  into  its  torrent,  were 
idealists  and  materialists  both.  So  also 
was  the  man  who  first  substituted  other 
pjwer  for  human  energy,  as  well  as  he 
who  induced  mechanism  to  replace  hu- 
man effort  and  skill  in  the  production  of 
useful  things.  Out  of  the  work  of  these 
men,  and  of  others  innumerable,  has 
come  the  vast  enginery  of  our  present 
state;  an  enginery  without  which  life, 
as_  we  know  it.  would  be  inconceivable. 
Did  we  suddenly  lose  our  knowledge 
of  the  various  sources  of  power  which 
we  employ,  and  of  the  transmission  of 
that  power,  and  the  science  of  auto- 
maticity  by  means  of  which  we  are  en- 
abled to  set  it  to  work,  such  a  cataclysm 
would  occur  as  is  nowhere  recorded  in 
history. 

While  even  among  primitive  ancient 
peoples  simple  implements  were  made 
and  used,  such  as  the  axe,  the  hammer, 
and  the  saw,  the  fire  stick,  the  drill,  and 
the  bow,  and  later  there  developed  more 
complex  devices,  it  cannot  be  said  that 
there  ever  existed  until  modern  times, 
even  in  rudimentary  form,  the  science 
of  mechanical  engineering.  True,  in 
Egypt  and  China  ancient  stone  struc- 
tures are  to  be  found  which  could  not 
have  been  rea^red  without  the  aid  of  me- 
chanical contrivances  for  lifting  heavy 
weights,  and  from  medieval  times  there 
have  come  down  to  us  many  devices  of 
great  ingenuity;  still  it  was  not  until 
the  eig'hteenth  century,  in  Europe,  that 
there  appeared  a  class  of  engineers  who 
were  devoted  to  civil  rather  than  mili- 
tary projects.  The  science  of  industrial 
engineering  may  be  said  then  to  have 
begun. 

By  the  nineteenth  century  engineering 
had  become  civilian  profession,  and 
early  in  that  century  the  Institute  of 
Civil  Engineers  was  founded,  at  Lon- 
don, for  the  purpose  of  promoting  "the 
art  of  directing  the  great  sources  of 
power  in  nature  for  the  use  ,and  con- 
venience of  man."  Later,  specialization 
set  in,  and  a  class  of  mechanical  engi- 
neers sprang  into  existence;  and  it  is 
with  the  work  of  these  men  that  we  are 
principally  concerned. 

Water  and  wind,  ,at  this  time,  fur- 
nished the  only  motive  power  easily 
available  to  man — power  that  had  lit- 
erally to  be  used  on  the  spot.  But 
with  the  advent  of  the  steam  engine 
the  opportunity  of  the  engineer  ar- 
rived, and  taking  advantage  of  this 
simple  contrivance  he  soon  created 
a   new   order    of    being — \:he   automatic 


machine  —  which  has  since  become 
man's  greatest  servitor.  The  lever,  the 
screw,  and  the  toothed  wheel,  the  turn- 
ing axle,  the  cam,  the  spring,  and  the 
toggle  had  come  out  of  the  immemo- 
rial past;  nevertheless,  they  were  but 
miserable  contrivances  until  the  nine- 
teenth century  arrived,  when  they  were 
conjured  into  co-operative  relationship 
by  the  engineer,  and  touched  into  life 
by  steam.  Then,  and  not  until  then, 
may  it  be  said  that  our  age — the  age  of 
automaticity — began. 

With  the  discovery  that  various  me- 
chanical elements  could  be  combined  in 
such  a  way  that  intricate  manual  opera- 
tions could  be  imitated,  the  science  of 
engineering  soon  spread  among  various 
crafts.  And  no  one  of  these  was  so  im- 
portant as  that  of  printing.  When  the 
first  engineer  of  the  new  era  looked  into 
this  art   he  found  that  it  lay  bound  by 


of  200  impressions  an  hour,  ;as  the  ex- 
pression of  man's  greatest  skill  in  the 
achievement  of  mechanical  printing! 

Then  entered  the  mechanical  engineer, 
the  idealist  and  materialist,  who  gath- 
ered together  the  elements  of  his  new 
art,  and,  breathing  into  them  the  life  of 
his  but  recently  discovered  artificial  mo- 
tive power,  achieved  the  power-driven 
automatically  operated  printing  press, 
which,  of  all  his  contrivances,  has  since 
become  the  one  upon  which  the  happi- 
ness of  the  race  most  surely  depends. 

From  the  iron  hand-press  of  the  early 
nineteenth  century,  used  by  the  London 
Times  until  1814,  step  rapidly  followed 
step  until  automatic  printing  had  been 
achieved.  Koenig,  in  1810,  substituted 
the  sheet-carrying  cylinder  for  the 
platen ;  while  Applegath  and  Cowper 
set  their  type-bearing  printing  cylinder 
to    work    upon    the    London    Times    in 


HEBTSS'  A.  WIBE  'VOOD. 

great  natural  and  governmental  restric-  1827.  Thus,  during  the  first  quarter  of 
tions.  It  was  practised  with  the  crudest  the  new  century,  the  speed  of  printing 
of  devices — a  wooden  press,  worked  by  arose  from  200  impressions  an  hour  to 
hand,  the  sheet  being  laid  on  and  off  in  5,000.  By  1848  the  rate  of  production 
the  same  fashion,  and  its  type  daubed  by  had  grown  to  10,000  impressions  an 
a  boy  with  ink  balls.  If  it  be  said  that  hour,  and  by  1857,  throu,S(h  the  work  of 
the  education  of  the  time  had  demanded  Hoe,  to  20,000.  In  the  '60s  came  the 
nothing  better,  I  must  reply  that  human  Bullock,  and  later  the  Walter  press — 
intellects  were  as  hungry  then  as  now,  prototypes  of  the  newspaper  rotary  per- 
but  that  owing  to  its  high  cost,  print —  iecting  press  of  to-day.  Then,  for  the 
the  food  of  thought — was  beyond  the  first  time,  printing  cylinders  were 
reach  of  the  people.  clothed  with  curved  cast  printing  plates; 
Paper  was  first  made  in  the  second  and  an  endless  sheet  of  paper  was  first 
century,  the  printing  of  simple  texts  oc-  utilized  in  the  work  of  printing  a  news- 
curred  in  the  sixth,  and  printed  books  paper  continuously,  and  this  was  effect- 
appeared  in  the  tenth,  while  in  the  elev-  ed  upon  both  its  sides  at  a  single  oper- 
enth  century  movable  types,  made  of  ation.  In  1870  an  automatic  folder  was 
clay,  were  "employed,  and  the  seven-  attached  to  a  press,  when  it  may  be  said 
teenth  saw  printing  done  in  various  col-  that  the  newspaper-maKing  machine  of 
ors — I  am  here  giving  the  history  of  the  the  present  day  had  arrived.  In  seventy 
art  in  China.  As  the  fruit  of  all  these  years,  therefore,  more  had  been  accom- 
centuries  of  Oriental  progress,  and  of  plished  in  solving  the  problems  of 
those  which  had  transpired  in  Europe,  printing  by  mechanical  means  than  in 
the  nineteenth  century  opened  with  a  the  foregoing  thirteen  centuries, 
screw  press,  worked  by  hand  at  the  rate  This  tremendous  acceleration  of  prog- 

70 


ress,  I  submit,  was  not  due  primarily  to 
the  thirst  of  the  time  for  information, 
and  its  ability  to  acquire  it  through  the 
medium  of  type.  It  was  due  principally 
to  the  achievements  of  those  who,  hav- 
ing grasped  the  secrets  of  mechanism, 
possessed  the  genius  to  xoresee  benefi- 
cial ways  in  which  they  could  be  applied 
to  the  art  oi  printing,  and  the  ability  to 
create  practical  structures  for  carrying 
them  into  effect. 

Other  engineers  than  those  directly 
engaged  in  developing  the  printing  ma- 
chine made  contributions  which  were 
no  less  vital  to  the  newspaper  printers' 
art.  Robert,  in  France,  in  1798,  invent- 
ed the  first  machine  for  making  paper, 
which  later  was  developed  by  Foudri- 
nier  in  England.  Had  it  not  been  for 
the  work  of  these  men,  who  provided 
means  for  making  paper  in  continuous 
lengths,  the  newspaper  printing  machine 
could  not  have  passed  from  the  hand- 
fed  to  the  roll-fed  state.  And  had  it 
not  been  for  the  discoveries  of  Della- 
gana,  and  others,  the  art  of  stereotyp- 
ing would  not  have  come  to  the  assist- 
ance of  the  printer.  If  the  paper  web 
brought  to  his  machine  a  higher  veloci- 
ty and  a  smaller  operating  cost,  the 
stereotj'ped  plate  enabled  him  to  multi- 
ply his  printing  machines  indefinitely 
until  he  should  have  enough  to  meet  the 
demands  of  his  readers,  however  great. 
The  discovery  of  stereotyping,  upon 
which  the  success  of  the  modern  news- 
paper depends,  freed  the  printer  at  a 
single  step  from  the  thraldom  of  the 
type  page,  which  theretofore  had  denied 
him  a  rate  of  production  greater  than 
could  be  obtained  from  a  single  form  of 
type. 

Other  engineers  had  brought  to 
perfection  the  mechanical  elements 
which  composed  the  anatomy  of  the 
press ;  while  others  still  had  created 
tools  which  assured  their  economical 
manufacture.  Metallurgists,  too,  had 
been  at  work,  as  well  as  the  makers  of 
pigments.  So,  it  may  be  said  the  news- 
paper-making machine  of  1870  was  the 
child  of  many  men,  working  in  various 
branches  of  physical  science,  each  of 
whom  had  contributed  something  of 
which  he  himself  was  the  master. 

In  the  early  '80s  America  took  over 
from  Europe  the  work  of  carrying  for- 
ward the  evolution  of  the  printing  press, 
and  its  related  devices.  Here  the  col- 
lecting cylinder,  which  gathers  together 
the  circumferential  product  of  the 
printing  press,  was  discovered  by  Tuck- 
er, who  also  invented,  coincidental^ 
with  Campbell,  the  rota.y  folder,  by 
means  of  which  great  speed  in  folding 
sheets  transversely  is  possible ;  and 
here  the  stationary  longitudinal  folder 
was  adapted  to  the  newspaper  press  by 
Crowell,  who  also  contributed  to  it  the 
rotary  delivery,  devices  essential  to  the 
celerity  of  newspaper  printing.  Here, 
also,  the  sheet-turning  bar,  which  had 
been  invented  in  England,  was  first  used 
to  associate  the  two  narts  of  a  split 
web;  while  the  genius  of  Tucker  and 
Crowell  flowered  finally  in  the  construc- 
tion of  the  composite  printing  machine, 
by  means  of  wliich  several  streams  of 
paper  may  be  simultaneously  worked  up 
into  printed  products  having  pages  va- 
riable in  number  at  will.  Thus,  in  but 
little  more  than  eighty  years,  the  ca- 
pacity of  the  printing  press  had  passed 
from  200  flat  sheets  an  hour,  printed 
upon  but  one  side,  to  24,000  sixteen- 
paged  folded  newspapers,  which  could 
be  sold  at  a  cent  apiece. 

Simultaneously  with  automatic  print- 
ing had  come  into  being  the  electric 
telegraph  and  the  telephone;  while 
means  of  transportation,  afloat  and 
ashore,  had  passed  under  the  dominion 
of  steam.  These  agencies,  and  the  post, 
placed  the  newspaper  in  possession  of 
channels  of  information  and  transporta- 
tion such  as  it  had  never  known.  With 
aids  such  as  these,  with  the  highly  de- 
veloped mechanisms  of  printing  then  at 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


AN  AUDIT  THAT  IS  DIFFERENT 
AND  HOW  IT  IS  DIFFERENT 


The  circulation  audit  of  the  Annual  and  Directory  is  distinctive. 
To  have  it  adds  to  the  standing  of  any  publication. 

When  the  buver  of  ne\Yspaper  advertising  space  sees  that  a  publisher  has  had  his  circulation  certi- 
fied to  by  the  American  Newspaper  Annual  and  Directory,  his  mind  is  assured  as  to  the  quality  of  what 
he  is  buying. 

In  the  book  which  he  is  consulting  the  buyer  has  access  to  an  actual  reproduction  of  the  audit 
certificate  given  such  a  publisher. 

The  space  buyer  knows  that  the  period  reported  on  is  nine  months — a  term  sufficiently  long  to 
cover  the  lean  and  fat  of  a  year,  and  therefore  of  far  more  significance  than  an  audit  lor  brieter 
periods  selected  in  order  to  "put  the  best  foot  forward." 

He  knows  also  that  all  the  audits  in  the  Annual  and  Du-ectory  are  based  on  a  period  of  nine  months, 
which  uniformity  gives  him  a  far  better  chance  to  compare  one  circulation  with  another  and  to  reach  a 
fair  result. 

He  knows,  too,  that  the  standards  by  which  audit  results  are  reached  are  exacting  as  well  as  uni- 
form; that  they  are  all  based  on  the  following  definition  of  circulation: 

CIRCULATION.  The  average  number  of  complete  copies 
of  all  regular  issues  for  a  given  period,  exclusive  of  left  over, 
unsold,  returned,  file,  sample,  exchange  or  advertiser's  copy. 

The  space  buyer  knows  that  the  publisher  pays  for  this  audit — il  is  not  something  that  has  been 
given  him,  and  this  outlay  is  rightly  regarded  as  evidence  of  the  publisher's  desire,  not  mere  willing- 
ness, to  teli  exactly  what 'he  has  and  to  verify  the  telling  by  the  work  and  word  of  others  who  are 
especially  qualified  to  act  in  that  capacity. 

Another  distinctive  feature  of  this  audit  is  the  valuable  automatic  publicity  which  it  supplies. 
So  far  this  year  more  than  150  difi'erent  advertising  agents  have  purchased  the  book  in  which  these 
audits  appear;  their  purpose,  of  course,  being  to  get  information  which  the  book  provides.  Last  year 
more  than  1,000  others,  aside  from  agents  and  from  publishers,  bought  this  same  book  for  this  same 
purpose. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  actual  results  of  the  American  Newspaper  Annual  and  Du-ectory  audit  are 
carried  to  the  men  who  buy  the  newspaper  and  magazine  advertising  space  of  the  country;  while  the 
fact  that  a  publication  has  had  such  an  exacting  audit  gives  it  a  standing  which  no  other  action  of  a 
similar  character  can  bestow. 

For  other  particulars  consult  the 

American  Newspaper  Annual  and  Directory 
N.  W.  AYER  &  SON,  Publishers 

PHILADELPHIA 


The  following  publications  had  their  circulations  audited  for  the  1913  edition  of  the  Annual  and  Directory: 


Akron  Beacon  Journal 
Albany  Knickerbocker  Press 
Boston  American 
Canton,  Today's  Magazine 
Chicago,  Boyce's  Weeklies 
"         Woman's  World 
Denver  Rocky  Mountain  News 
Hartford   Times 
Houston  Post 
Kansas    City   Star 

"  "      Packer 

Los  Angeles  Examiner 


Memphis  Commercial  Appeal 

■'         News  Scimitar 
Mobile  Register 

Montreal     Family     Herald      and 
Weekly   Star 
Star 
Xew  Orleans  Times-Democrat 
Xew    York,    Associated    Sunday 
^Tagazines 
Globe  and  Commer- 
cial Advertiser 


Xew      York. 


Illustrated 


Lesli( 
Weekly 
Life 

People's  Home  Jour- 
nal 

Oakland  Tribune 

Philadelphia  Bulletin 
"  Record 

Portland  Oregonian 
"         Telegram 

St.     Paul    Dispatch-Pioneer    Press 


St.    Paul,   Farmer's   Dispatch 
Salt  Lake  City  Herald-Republican 
San  Antonio  Express 

Light 
Seattle  Times 
Tacoma  Ledger 

"        News 
Toledo  Blade 
\'ancouver  Province 
Washington  Sta" 


71 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER    AND   JOURNALIST 


its  command,  and  the  low  cost  of  pa- 
per, which  resulted  from  the  introduc- 
tion of  wood  fiber,  journalism  began  the 
tremendous  stride  forward  which  has 
been  one  of  the  most  remarkable  social 
and  industrial  developments  of  the  past 
quarter  century. 

Thereafter,  as  contributary  devices  of 
inestimable  value,  there  came  iVlergen- 
thaler's  linotype,  and  the  autoplate. 
With  the  arrival  of  the  linotype  the  slow 


we  may  say  only  that  in  typesetting  we 
shall  never,  probably,  revert  to  the  prac- 
tise of  handling  individual  characters; 
that,  probably,  the  printing  plate  will 
continue  to  link  the  work  of  the  com- 
positor with  that  of  the  pressman;  and 
that,  probably,  in  the  future,  as  in  the 
past,  the  latter  will  use  roll-paper  and 
ink.  Further,  no  thoughtful  observer 
dare  go. 

Taking  a  nearer  view  we  may  confi- 
dently say  this,  however :  That  the  com- 
posing room  and  foundry,  in  which  the 
most  recent  engineering  developments 
have  occurred,  are,  scientifically  speak- 
ing, far  in  advance  of  the  pressroom. 
That  the  latter  represents  the  science  of 


HXLTOir  V.  BSOWK. 

Indianapolis  News. 


Th 


work  of  setting  type  by  hand  gave  way 
to  its  five-fold  more  rapid  composition 
by  the  aid  of  a  machine.  By  its  reduc- 
tion of  the  time  and  cost  incident  to 
typesetting  this  devic"  enabled  the 
printer  correspondingly  to  increase  the 
bulk  of  his  newspaper,  and  immeasura- 
bly facilitated  the  handling  of  news  and 
advertisements.  The  autoplate  trans- 
formed the  process  of  making  stereo- 
typed printing  plates  from  one  that  was 
slow  and  laboriously  performed  by  hand 
to  another  which  was  automatically  car- 
ried out  with  great  celerity.  The  one 
invention  increased  the  productivity  of 
the  compositor  five-fold;  the  other  mul- 
tiplied that  of  the  resulting  type  page 
four-fold.  With  the  introduction  of  the 
autoplate,  in  1900,  the  century  closed. 

At  its  opening  the  nineteenth  century 
boasted  hand-made  type,  set  by  hand, 
and  a  wooden  screw  press  capable  of 
printing  200  "sides"  an  hour,  as  the 
highest  exoression  of  the  mechanical 
genius  of  the  time.  At  it=  close  it  pos- 
sessed huge  establishments  accustomed 
to  turn  out  daily  issues  of  many-paged 
newspapers,  weli  up  in  the  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  conies,  their  processes  of 
mianufacture  performed  by  machines  of 
incredible  swiftness  and  accuracy.  There 
is  nowhere  to  be  found  in  the  annals 
of  engineering  a  more  glorious  chapter 
than  that  which  records  the  gifts  of  in- 
calculable value  made  to  the  printer 
during  these  hundred  years. 

The  first  decade  of  the  twentieth  cen- 
tury made  no  substantial  contribution  to 
newspaper  engineering.  Its  progress 
chiefly  affected  the  improvement  of  ex- 
isting devices  and  methods.  Perhaps  its 
most  important  achievement  was  the  in- 
troduction of  the  monotype  type-making 
and  setting  machine  to  the  newspaper 
printery,  which  enabled  the  printer  to 
abandon  founder's  tyne  and  hand  set- 
ting in  the  composition  of  headings 
and  complicated  matter  to  which  the 
linotype  was  not  then  adaoted. 

The  second  decade,  however,  through 
which  we  are  now  nassing.  has  opened 
more  auspiciously.  Its  first  achievement 
i^  the  invention  of  a  ?tereotyper's  drv 
flong.  to  he  used  in  making  matrices  of 
type  forms,  which  mav  be  molded  in  its 
drv  state  without  suhject'ng  ^he  tvpe 
to  heat,  and  "=pd  instantiv  thereafter 
for  casting.  This  discoverv  still  fur- 
ther reduces  the  time  intervening  be- 
tween the  rece'Pt  of  news  and  its  pub- 
lication. It  simolifies  the  nroccss  of 
plate  making.  ?nd  .aids  the  general 
movement  towards  imoroved  typography 
which  has  become  the  fasliion  among 
ne"'snapers. 

Thus,  with  the  introduction  of  the 
"drv  matrix,"  history  ends,  and  we  turn 
from  the  nast  to  the  future,  asking  our- 
selves what  it  holds.  Are  there  still 
••evolutionprv  chansres  ahead?  If  so. 
in  which  den?rtment  of  the  newspaper 
are  thev  first  likelv  to  occur?  Or.  have 
we  reached  a  point  at  which  we  may 
consider  the  prevailing  V'nds  of  appa- 
ratus to  he  permanent?  To  these  ques- 
tions no  certain  answers  can  be  made; 


PRESS  ASSOCIATIONS. 

The  quarterly  meeting  of  the  Maine 
Publishers'  Association  was  held  at 
Riverton  recently.  The  Associated  Press 
service  and  other  matters  of  interest  to 
the  assembled  newspaper  men  were  dis- 
cussed. Those  present  were:  Edward  B. 
Lyman,  Warren  C.  Jefferds,  Oscar  R. 
Wish,  president  of  the  association; 
William  H.  Dow,  secretary ;  L.  B.  Cos- 
tello,  of  Lewiston,  treasurer;  M.  R.  Har- 
rigan,  Walter  B.  Reid,  W.  A.  Pidgin, 
Col.  Charles  H.  Prescott,  E.  K.  Mor- 
rell,  Frank  B.  Nichols.  Frank  S.  INIor- 
ton,  of  Portland ;  Edward  B.  Lyman, 
New  England  correspondent  of  the  As- 
sociated Press,  and  Warren  C.  Jefferds, 
the  Maine  correspondent. 


ROBERT    WICKHAM   NELSON. 


A  movement  is  under  way  to  reor- 
anize  the  Bridgeport  (Conn.)  Press  Club 
and  another  movement  has  been  reported 
towards  the  institution  of  a  branch  of 
the  News  Writers'  Union  in  that  city. 


The  California   State  Editorial  Ass 
ciation   will    meet    in   annual    session 


CHARI-ES    H.    TATI-OB,   JB. 

The  Boston  Globe, 
engineering  as  it  was  practised  over  a 
quarter  of  ^a  century  ago,  and  that,  as 
the  point  of  greatest  pressure  is  now 
being  felt  in  the  pressroom,  the  need  for 
reconstruction  urgently  lies  there.  So 
much,  at  least,  is  clearly  apparent,  and 
even  were  I  not  familiar  with  facts 
that  warrant  me  in  saying  a  pronounced 
advance  in  the  newspaper  printing  ma- 
chine is  about  to  occur,  I  should  never- 
theless unhesitatingly  prophesy  that  the 
next  forward  step  in  engineering  prog-  San  Diego  for  four  davs,  beginning 
ress  may  be  expected  to  occur  in  the  May  3.  Every  minute  of  the  stay  of  the 
printing   room.  editors,  except  that  devoted  to  business 

sessions,  will  be  enlivened  by  entertain- 

MISSOURI  PRESS  CONFERENCE,      ments,  in  which  the  united  forces  of  San 


Publishers  to  Discuss  Many  Topics  at 
University  Meeting,  May  14. 

A  conference  of  publishers  of  the 
near-city  dady  newspapers  of  Missouri 
will  be  held  May  14  during  journalism 
week  at  the  University  of  Missouri,  Co- 


H£BBEBT  I^.  BBIDOMAN. 

Ttie  Broolvlyn  Standard-Union. 
Diego  will  have  a  part.  There  will  be 
auto  rides  for  the  editors,  visiting  Point 
Loma,  the  old  missions,  the  Mexican 
border  and  the  beaches,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  A 
big  booster  banquet  will  be  given,  prob- 
ably followed  by  a  dance.  There  will 
also  be  visits  to  the  grounds  of  the  Pan- 
ama-Exposition. Several  hundred  news- 
paper men  and  women  are  expected  to  be 
in  the  party  of  writers  and  publishers, 
headed  by  Friend  W.  Richardson,  presi- 
dent of  the  association. 


AMOIT   a.    CABTEB. 

Tile  Fort  Worth  Star-Telegram 

lumbia,   to  discuss  topics  of  interest  to ; 

publishers  of  that  State.  At  a  meeting  ot  the  Pittsburgh  Pub- 
Some  of  the  subjects  include  the  de-  Hcity  Association  last  week  the  Vigil- 
velopment  of  home  advertising;  plans  ance  Committee  announced  that  they 
for  bringing  more  foreign  advertising ;  would  get  busy  and  formulate  plans  for 
circulation  methods  and  problems;  how  action  agamst  fraudulent  advertisers 
to  get  a  just  advertising  rate;  how  to  and  would  be  in  readiness  soon  to  pro- 
combat  the  press  agent  and  the  charity  ceed  against  anyone  violatmg  the  law 
advertising  evil.  just  passed. 

72  .... 


President     of      the      American      Type 
Founders  Company. 

R.  W.  Nelson  commenced  publishing 
in  1877,  in  Braidwood,  111.,  where  he 
owned  a  small  weekly.  Later  on,  with 
ilessrs.  Ferris  and  Hall,  he  established 
tne  Joliet  News.  While  in  Joliet  he  de- 
cided to  enter  the  "patent  inside"  field 
in  Chicago,  and  from  this  enterprise  the 
American  Press  -Association  was  de- 
veloped by  Nelson,  Smith  &  Cummings. 
In  the  American  Press  Association  Mr. 
Nelson,  after  organizing  the  first  head- 
quarters plant  in  Chicago,  during  which 
time  he  invented  and  patented  the  base 
used  to  hold  the  .\.  P.  A.  plates,  as- 
sumed the  position  of  field  manager 
and  personally  started  the  branches  in 
Boston,  Buffalo,  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis, 
St.  Paul,  Des  Moines  fafterwards 
moved  to  Omaha)  and  .\tlanta.  He  su- 
perintended the  erection  and  develop- 
ment of  the  New  York  plant  when 
headquarters  were  established  in  that 
city.  During  this  period,  when  the 
foundations  of  a  great  publishing  suc- 
cess were  laid,  he  made  the  acquaintance 
of  hundreds  of  publishers.  In  1804  'Mr. 
Nelson  became  a  director  of  the  .Ameri- 
can Type  Founders  Co.,  when  its  af- 
fairs were  in  a  precarious  condition.  M 
the  solicitation  of  friends  whose  means 


Type    Pounder 


Co. 


were  embarked  in  that  company,  he  ac- 
cepted the  position  ot  general  manager, 
and  finally  became  president,  after 
putting  the  company  on  a  dividend  pay- 
ing basis.  The  American  Type  Foun- 
ders Co.  is  a  highly  efficient  and  enter- 
prising manufacturing  and  merchandis- 
ing organization — a  model  commercial 
and  artistic  institution.  .As  it  stands  it 
is  the  creation  of  its  president,  who 
continues  to  actively  determine  its  pol- 
icy and  supervise  its  larger  activities. 

Robert  W.  Nelson  was  born  in  Gran- 
ville, Washington  County,  N.  Y.,  in 
1851.  He  resides  on  an  extensive 
farm  near  Westfield,  N.  J.  His  hobby 
is  to  lead  the  fashions  in  type  and  do  a 
little  farming  on  the  side. 


"SNOODLES" 

is  a  precocious  baby  boy — just  full 
of  Old  Nick — the  creation  of  Hun- 
gerford,  who  has  a  lively  sense  of 
humor.  Y'ou'll  like  Snoodles.  It's 
clean,  wholesome  fun — which  ac- 
counts perhaps  for  the  big  demand 
for  this  seven-column  comic  fea- 
ture in  mats. 


World  Color  Printing  Co. 

ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 
Established  1900  R.  S.  GRABLE.  Mgr. 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


It  Leads  Them  All  in  Western  New  York 

THE  BUFFALO  TIMES 

NORMAN  E.  MACK,  Publisher. 


THE  story  of  a  newspaper,  at  least  the 
story  of  an  American  newspaper,  is  very 
apt  to  be  the  chronology  of  some  one  man's  life 
work.  Its  ups  and  downs,  its  periods  of  depres- 
sion and  its  flashes  of 
great  accomplish- 
ment, its  persistent 
and  quiet  days  of 
steady  plodding 
forward  to  better 
methods  and  to 
firmer  foundation,  all 
frequently  are  part  of 
the  career  of  the 
founder  and  proprie- 
tor. It  is  in  this  way 
that  The  Buffalo 
TIMES,  evening  and 
Sunday,  is  linked 
with  the  personal  his- 
tory of  its  proprietor, 
Norman  E.  Mack, 
Democratic  National 
committeeman  of 
New  York  State  and 
now  the  publisher  of 
the  National  Month- 
ly and  a  number  of 
other  publications  be- 
sides his  newspapers. 
As  a  young  man 
who  had  been  trained 
in    the    advertising 


9 


'  ^^^^  Buffalo  Evening  Times  ^ 

HArt>£tlFED 

CHy  of  ^^uffalo  at  a  Standstill  While  Both  Sides 
in^ig  Street  Car  Strike  Stand  Fjrnti. 

STATF  Wn  I         ^'iT^o^ALblARDmooPisciTn:kJ\L  cRci\DS  STTLWEUL  AIDE 
START  PRORF       "  '^"^^J-  "^  ""^  coLDSPj,nG  crbw-.^    GOES  BACK  ON 
TOMO^OW  ^^t-^S:m^'MmM^:^Wm      HIS  TESTIMONY 


business  and  who 
early  had  his  first  experience  as  a  newspaper 
publisher  in  Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  Mr.  Mack 
located  in  Buffalo  and  The  Buffalo  Sunday 
TIMES  was  born.  Its  first  issue  was  Septem- 
ber 7,  J  879.  The  Sunday  TIMES  was  not 
ushered  into  the  world  with  any  silver  spoon  in 
its  mouth,  but  it  was  blessed  with  a  sound  con- 
stitution and  an  abundance  of  vigor  and  from 
the  first  it  thrived. 

Four  years  later  The  Buffalo  Sunday 
TIMES  branched  out  and  September  J  3,  1883, 
the  daily  joined  in  its  career.  For  a  short  period 
the  daily  was  a  morning  paper.  December  2, 
1 886,  it  was  changed  to  a  penny  afternoon  paper. 
It  has  remained  such  since. 


In  policy  THE  TIMES  started  as  an  in- 
dependent newspaper  politically.  It  always  has 
been  independent  in  its  views  but  since  the 
Cleveland  campaign  of  1884-  it  has  been  con- 
sistently Democratic 
in  its  politics. 

There  is  a  saying 
that  nothing  succeeds 
like  success.  Maybe 
that  is  because  success 
is  a  certain  guaranty 
of  efficiency.  A 
newspaper's  business 
is  to  give  the  news, 
and  success  in  that 
attracts  to  its  reve- 
nues through  adver- 
tising. The  success 
of  THE  TIMES  is 
attested  not  only  by 
its  large  circulation  of 
over  65,000  Evening 
and  Sunday, but  by  its 
advertising  columns. 
For  several  years  past 
THE  TIMES  has 
printed  more  display 
advertising  each 
year  than  any  other 
seven-day  newspaper 
in  Buffalo.  THE 
TIMES'  record  last 
year  was  3t7,576 
agate  lines  more  than 
its  nearest  competitor,  the  Buffalo  News.  The 
efficiency  of  THE  TIMES'  columns  are  proved 
by  this  and  by  the  constant  gain  made  in  adver- 
tising. It  published  327,446  lines  more  in  19  J2 
than  the  previous  year  and  thus  far  J  9 1 3  has 
shown  gains  over  1912. 

In  the  past  three  years,  especially,  THE 
TIMES  has  had  a  phenomenal  growth.  It  has 
forged  to  the  front  at  a  greater  rate,  grew  more 
than  any  other  newspaper  in  Buffalo  ever  did  in 
JO  years.  It  still  is  growing.  And  a  thing 
that  nobody  in  the  establishment  is  allowed 
to  forget  is  that  it  must  keep  right  on  grow- 
ing— and  it  will. 


_J 


7? 


Night  is  the  voice  of  a  constituency  as 
distinct  and  as  critical  and  as  loyal  as 
any  in  the  United  States.  Saturday 
Night  is  doing  for  Michigan  what  Col- 
lier's  and    Harper's    are    doing    for    the 


THE    EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 

the  auspices  of  Bagg,  Barns  &  Co.     On    things  of  the  last  decade  is  the  revela-  of  humor  and  by  a  system  of  economy 

June  L'-J  the  lirm  name  was  changed  to    tion  of  the  possibilities  of  weekly  jour-  that   rnakes   a   modern    efficiency    expert 

Harmon,  Brodhead  &  Co.,  with  Thorn-    nalism   in  cities,   as   exemplified   by   the  look    like    a    bush   leaguer,   the  experi- 

ton    F.    Brodhead    as    editor.      April    1,    history  of   the   Detroit   Saturday  Night,  menters  hung  on,  and  one  day  the  sky 

18,11.    there    came    another    change    of    There  is   nothing  like  it  in   the  United  began  to  clear.    1  here  have  been   storm 

owners,  when  Jacob  Barns,  S.  M.  John-    States.  clouds  m  the  same  region  once  or  twice 

son    and    T.    I''.    Brodhead    formed    the       That  paper  came  into  being  primarily  since,  but  the  light  has  never  tai.erj,  and 

partnership  of  Barns,   Brodhead  &   Co.   because  W.  R.  Orr,  for  many  years  ad-  at  the  end  of  six  years  Detroit  SaUirday 
The   paper  was  now   for  the   hrst   time    vertising  manager  of  the  Detroit  News, 
printed    by    steam-propelled    machinery,   decided   at   the   sprightly  age   of   forty- 
On  April  7,  1852,  the   firm  consisted  of   five  that   he   wanted   to   own   something 
while  he  was  on  earth  this  time;  and  he 

couldn't  see  his  way  to  do  that,  through  .  -       . 

a  salary,  no  matter  how  satisfactory.  It  nation.     It   is  quoted    far   and    wide 

was  also  part  of  Orr's  ambition  to  es-  Michigan  and  elsewhere,  and  is  acknowl- 

taWish    a   publication    that    he   could   be  edged    to    be    a    power    in    Detroit.     Its 

proud     of    in    every    column.     He    be-  editorials   have    a   punch,    as    well    as   a 

lieved  that    in  spite  of  the  large  circu-  literary  flavor.  Its  review  of  the  week  s 

lation  of  tiie  Sunday  papers,  a  five-cent  n<;ws  is   eagerly   sought  by  busy  people 

weekly   that   would   appeal   to  the   most  who    have   not    time   to    read    the  more 

intelligent   class   of  readers,   that    would  voluminous  dailies.  In  business,  politics, 

follow  a  policy   entirely  independent  of  sport,    the    drama,    music,    art.    and,_  in 

all  parties  and"  interests,  and  that  would  special    features    it    enjoys    the    services 

keep  out  of  its  advertising  columns  the  of      h'ghly      trained      and     experienced 

horde  of  fakers  engaged  in  the  sale  of  writers.     Its    manifest    fairness    and    its 

patent  medicines,  bad  mining  stock  and  disinterest  as   far  as  the  selhsh  success 

other  goods  of  the  same  sort,  could  live  of   Part'^^s  or   persons   is  concerned   are 

and  prosper.     He  broached   the   subject  well  reco.gnizeci.  and  its  rejection  of  all 

to   H.    M.    Nimmo.   a   voung   man    then  kinds  of  objectionable  matter  in  both  the 

engaged    in    writing    politics    and    edi-  editorial    and    advertising    departments 

torials     for     the     Detroit      News,      and  has  won  for  it  many  friends.     The  firrt 

obsessed  with  the  idea  that  anything  of  divorce  case  or  domestic  scandal  is  yet 

an    editorial    nature    is    possible   in    this  to   be   printed   m    the   Detroit^  Saturday 

world,    granted    only    comnlete    freedom  ,Night.       Every  column  clean     has  long 

of   thought    and    action.     That    was    the  been    its    s  o.gan.     And   by    a    rigid    ob- 

kind  of  a  huckleberry  Orr  was  looking  servance  of  that  rule  it  has  been  able  to 

for.     So  together  they  took  the  chance.  [^T''?.,!..".!.!?, J  '""Zf^L"!  '="'™'^"°" 

Part  of  the  historv  of  this  experiment 

in  American  journalism  has  to  do  with 

high  finance — or  rather  low  finance — for 

low  finance  almost  crushed  it  before  the 

wm.   BEBBI.  bottle     stage     was     passed.     March    2. 

Mr.   Barns   and    Mr.   Jobnson,   with  the    1317,  was  the  fateful  day  =et  aside  for 

latter  as  editor.  fb^    appearance     of     the     first     edition. 

The  purchase  of  the  property  by  Wil-   March    2.    in07.   the   panic  began.     Half 


ers'  parlance)  a  column  and  a  half  or 
two  columns  per  day  of  his  diminutive 
Gazette,  whilst  by  the  Mergenthaler  lino- 
type machine,  now  generally  in  use,  a 
man  may  do  nearly  ten  times  as  much. 
The  steamship  St.  Louis  can  make  half 
a  dozen  round  trips  from  New  York  to 
the  British  Coast  in  the  time  it  would 
have  taken  the  Gazette  to  get  intelli- 
gence from  the  Atlantic  seaboard. 

It   was  upward  of   thirty  years  after 
the  Gazette  was  started  before  there  was 


and    advertising    every   year. 

"The  newspaper  that  would  best  serve 
its  advertising  clients."  said  President 
Orr,  in  a  recent  public  announcement, 
"is  that  newspaner  that  Avould  serve  its 
readers  best.  Show  me  a  publication 
whose  readers  look  forward  to  its  com- 
ing every  week,  who  admire  it  for  its 
haracter.  its  policies  and  its  ideals,  and 


bur  I-."  Storey  was  an"  important,   even  the  stock  that  h.id  been  subscribed  by  a    j      ;„  ^^         ^^,  advertisers  who  are  ob- 
■    '="-'■    friend    of    the    exnerimenters    was    ». 


tainin.g  substantial,  satisfactory  results. 
An  advertisement  must  be  introduced 
into  the  home  under  auspices  that  will 
m.al-ce  it  a  welcome  caller.  The  greater 
the  degree  'of  wholesomeness  and 
cleanliness  with  which  it  is  surrounded, 
nression 


Founded  in   ISOS.  under  the  name  of 
the   Missouri    Gazette,   The   Republic   is 
five    years    in    its    second    century. 


revolutionary    event    in    the    historv    of    first    triend    ot    the    exnerimenters    was 

The  Free   Press.     The   Storey   manage-   lever  taken,  the  first  friend  being  verv 

ment  was  distinguished  from  that  of  all    fortunate  to  n-et  out  of  the  wreck  with 

his  predecessors  chiefly  b>  a  bold,  often  bis  financial   hide.     But  the   paner   keot 

bitter,    editorial    style.      In    June,    1861,   on     iromg     under     trimmed     sails     and 

Mr.    Storey,  with  his   mind   full   of   his  avoided   manv  rocks.  ,  ,^a.M„.c,=   .... 

dream    of    a   great    Chicago   newspaper,       Presently  business  began   to  get  verv   jj.,g  greater  the  degree  of  its 

which  he  afterwards  realized  in  the  long   slack.     Clients  who  owed  monev  for  ad-   q£    .Genuineness   an~d    dependability." 

prosperous  Times,  sold  The  Free  Press   vertisinir   and    were   good    for   it.    could  " 

to  Henry  N.  Walker.     In  1803  William   not  be  dunned;  because  the  clients  were  THE   ST.   LOUIS   REPUBLIC. 

E.    Quinby.    who    had    begun    work    on  not    supposed    to   know   that   the    paper 

the   paper   three  years   before   as   court   was    hard    un.   and    besides,   they  might 

reporter,    purchased    a   quarter   interest,   pull  out  if  thev  were  at  all  annoyed.  In 

three  months  the  experimenters  were  While"  the 'name  of  the  oaper  has  been 
lookino'  at  each  other  with  that  aspect  ^banged  two  or  three  times  during  its 
of  silent  sympathy  so  common  at  ninety-odd  years  of  life,  it  is  an  inter- 
fnnerals.  ^  ...     esting   fact  that  those   who   are    to-day 

The  printer  was  su,ggesting  that  cash  ^^^^  controllin.o-  owners  and  the  activ"e 
payments  would  be  more  satisfactory  all  managers  of  The  Republic  are  the  de- 
round  and  the  landlord  was  pointing  scendants.  near  relatives  or  direct  heirs 
out  regulations  about  the  care  of  the  ^f  ^^^  ^^,,,„  ,,p„g„  4^,^.;^  newspaner  work 
buildincr  that  had  hardly  been  menhoned  „„^^^  ^„^  became  partners  of  Joseph 
in  earlier  and  flusher  times.  Before  Charless,  the  founder  of  the  naper,  or 
four  months  was  up  the  nerv.es  of  the  pd„,ard  Charless.  his  son.  Nathaniel 
exnerimenters  began  to  ooze  out  through  Paschall.  whose  grandson  is  now  the 
their  pores.  Thev  could  still  quit  and  business  manager,  entered  the  establish- 
nav  ever^'hody  one  hundred  cents  on  the  ^nent  as  an  anorentice  under  Joseph 
dollar.  They  began  to  yearn  for  the  Charless  in  1812,  just  four  years  after 
quiet  countryside,  where  only  the  bees  t],e  first  issue  appeared.  In  1828  Pas- 
a"d  the  cows  could  be  heard,  and  where  phal]  became  the  partner  of  Edward 
hying  was  cheap  as  well  as  wholesome.  Charless.  and  to-day.  nearly  ninety  years 
The  obituary  was  written  and  turned  later,  his  descendants  continue  to  hold 
o\  er  to  the  compositors.  But  a  friend  lar.ge  interests  in  the  property.  The  con- 
who  had  been  consulted  about  the  situ-  nection  of  the  Knapp  family  began  Jan- 
ation  came  across  with  a  variety  of  ex-  uary  I,  1827,  when  George  Knanp  en- 
cellent  reasons  why  the  paper  should  tered  as  an  apprentice.  In  1834  he  was 
continue  for  a  month  or  six  weeks  admitted  to  a  partnershin  and  in  18.")4 
.  There  was  work,  important  John  Knapp.  his  brother,  became  one  of 
work,  for  it  to  do  in  that  time.  The  the  three  owners.  The  oldest  son  of 
exnerimenters  decided  thev  owed  it  to  John  Knapp  is  now  and  has  been  for 
their  friends  to  stick  for  that  month  or  many  years  the  president  of  the  corpo- 
=''x  weeks.  The  obituary  was  with-  ration  owning  the  paper,  and  the  active 
drawn.  executive   head,   as   editor  and   general 

During    this    neriod    of    peaceful,   hut   manager, 
nerve-racking  seige,  a  ioke  came  into  the       The  paper  was  printed  on  a    Ramage 
Thus  the  proprietors  then  were  H.   N.   ?ffi«.     It  was  about  the  office  boy  who  press,    a  .™<;"'l™    ''"";«    "''"^  f  ,.='°"^ 
Walker,  CH    Taylor,  Jacob  Barns  and   .nformed  the  editor  that  a  man  w;anted  ^«'' f  "/l  '^  tvn?  I  v  Mir^fter  tak  n- 
■HIT      /-»   ■  1         1-^1      1     I  J  1     1     •         tn    t;pp    him      Anrl    the    editor    saici    ne   applied  to  tlie  tvpe  ov  nans,  atter  laKing 

Mr.  Quinby.    The  last  named  had  risen   ^°J{^^,^''"^^^    anybody,    least    of    all    a   it  from  a  stand  near  by,  and  going  over 
to^the    responsible    office    of    managing   wo'^|l^_^"_.'    'B^'t  the  boy  came  back  atrain.   the  nrinting  surface  in  a  series  of  "pats." 
The  man,   he  said,  was  not  a  creditor.    In  this  way  it  required  fully  half  a  day 


JAMES     M.     THOMPSON. 


editor. 

The   Free   Press 
Ann 

most  va 
the  Middl 

DETROIT  SATURDAY  NIGHT. 


M.  H.  Di:  VOXTNG. 

any  practical  telegraphing,  and  even 
forty  years  after  that  event  it  required 
two  nights  and  a  day  to  transmit  Presi- 
dent Polk's  annual  message  as  far  West 
as  Vincennes. 

George  and  John  Knapp,  associated 
with  Nathaniel  Paschall,  established  the 
firm  of  George  Knapp  &  Co.  in  1855, 
each  of  the  three  partners  having  an 
equal  interest.  The  new  firm  purchased 
the  Republican  from  George  Knapp  and 
Mrs.  Chambers.  This  copartnership  re- 
mained unchanged  until  1864,  when  it 
was  incorporated,  the  name  and  division 
of  interests  continuing  exactly  as  before. 


miourn'alism    and    one    of"  the  He  was  a  victim  of  the  panic  who  hadn't  to  print  the  small  edition,  or,  rather,  the 

n      ournalism    and    one    ot    ttie  anything  for   three   days.     "Br  ng  two  inside  pages,  for  only  one  side  could 

duable   newspaper   properties  m  ^?^^"in^,i'Voared  the  editor.     "Bring  him  be  printed   at   a  time.     The  newspaper 

^'"^  "'=^^-  in.     If  he  can  show  us  how  he  does  it  machine    to-day,    as    it   stands   in    many 

iOIT  SATURDAY  NIGHT.  perhans  we  can   run  this  paper  another  offices  of  the  country,  is  a  verv  different 

Occasionally   there    is   something  new  week."  thing.     Mr.   Charless_OTuld,^by_  dmt  of 

in  newspaperdom.    One     of     the     new  By  the  cotjrage  thjt  goes  with  a  sense  nersistence,  probably  "set  up'  (in  print' 


aunt.   FEI^IX  AITGirS. 

Mr.  Paschall  died  December  12,  1866. 
Col.  George  Knapp  died  September  18, 
1883,  and  Col.  John  Knapp,  under  whose 
direction  the  business  department  had 
been  conducted  for  thirty  years,  died 
November  12.  1888.  In  1887  Charles  W. 
Knapp,  eldest  son  of  Col.  John  Knapp, 
became  the  editor  and  manager,  and  still 
fills  these  positions,  W.  B.  Carr,  a  grand- 
son of  Nathaniel  Paschall,  being  the 
business  manager. 

In  the  great  fire  of  1849  the  office  of 
the  Republican,  on  the  east  side  of  Main 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


STEADILY    IMPROVING    CONDITIONS 

MAKE 


DAYTON 


the  point  at  which  manufacturers  are  finding  an  extensive 
demand  for  suppHes,  commercial  and  domestic. 

Are  you  getting  your  share  of  the  orders 
now  being  placed  ? 


The  Dayton  Daily   News 
The   Springfield   Daily   News 
Country   Life   in   Miami   Valley 


offer  the  line  of  least  resistance,  and  the  shortest  route 
between  the  manufacturer  of  Trade  Marked  articles,  and 
the  largest  part  of  the  buying  population. 

Eight  cents  a  line  flat  covers  an  insertion  in  all  three  papers. 

Increase  your  sales  NOW 

Send  for  copies  of  both  papers.  See  what  other  manu- 
facturers are  doing  in  reaching  out  for  this  trade. 

Let  us  have  your  order 


Home  Office,  DAYTON,  OHIO 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO 

LA  COSTE  &  MAXWELL  JOHN  GLASS 

45  W.  34th  Street  Peoples  Gas  Building 


75 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


street,  near  Pine,  and  all  its  contents 
were  destroyed,  and  again,  May  24,  1870, 
its  five  slory  building  on  Chestnut  street, 
between  Main  and  Second,  met  the  same 
fate,  with  a  loss  estimated  at  more  than 
$170,000,  but  insured  for  about  $100,000. 

In  the  course  of  years  the  growth  and 
development  of  St.  Louis  so  changed  the 
retail  business  quarter  of  the  city  that 
the  management  of  The  Republic 
deemed  it  wise  to  erect  still  another  new 
publishing  home  which  would  be  nearer 
the  center  of  activity.  One  of  the  most 
prominent  and  central  locations  in  the 
whole  city  was  selected,  and  the  paper 
was  removed  to  the  beautiful  structure 
in  which  it  is  now  housed,  on  Seventh 
and  Olive  streets,  in  August,  1S09.  Con- 
structed to  permit  the  utilisation  of  the 
most  improved  methods  introduced  by 
newspaper  publishers  anywhere  in  the 
world,  and  occupied  almost  solely  by 
The  Republic,  this  new  buildiig  is  gen- 
erally recognized  as  a  model  of  its  class. 

The  politics  of  the  Republic  was  re- 
publican (Jeffersonian)  until  1829,  and 
along  the  same  line  till  the  Whig  party 
appeared,  to  wiiich  latter  party  it  ad- 
hered until  185ti.  It  refused  to  follow 
Fillmore,  denounced  the  American  or 
"Know-nothing"  cause,  and  supported 
Buchanan  for  President.  It,  however, 
took  no  part  in  the  latter's  Kansas  policy, 
but,  on  the  other  hand,  warmly  supported 
Dou.glas,  and  carried  Missouri  for  him 
in  1800.  It  opposed  the  secession  move- 
ment, required  Claib.  Jackson  to  take 
sides      for      the      regular      Democratic 


into  its  columns  that  enterprise  and 
audacity  which  were  henceforth  to  be 
its  chief  characteristics. 

Mr.  Storey  was  a  pioneer  in  almost 
every  important  feature  of  Chicago 
journalism.  He  knew  the  value  of  live 
news  and,  rising  to  the  great  oppor- 
tunity afforded  by  the  eager  popular  in- 
terest in  war  tidings,  he  began  spending 
sums  that  startled  the  community  and 
filled  his  rivals  with  dismay.  He  had 
no  trouble  in  securing  readers,  but 
when,  after  the  emancipation  proclama- 
tion, he  began  opposing  the  war  with 
bitter  denunciations  of  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment, he  turned  the  seething  passions 
of  the  hour  against  himself  and  bis 
paper.  On  the  morning  of  June  3, 
18G3,  a  file  of  soldiers  marched  into 
the  pressroom.  General  Burnside,  from 
ills  headquarters  at  Cincinnati,  had  is- 
sued an  order  for  the  suppression  of  the 
Times.  But  lovers  of  a  free  press,  ir- 
respective of  party,  at  once  rallied  in 
protest,  and  President  Lincoln  revolted 
Burnside's    order   the    next    day.      Pub- 


er's  dreams.  In  1875  Charles  R.  Den- 
nett was  made  managing  editor,  and 
through  the  years  of  Mr.  Storey's  physi- 
cal and  mental  decline  Mr.  Dennett  was 
the  dominant  force  on  the  paper.  Mr. 
Storey  gave  up  active  control  of  the 
Times  in  1878  and  died  in  1884. 

The  Chicago  Herald  was  founded  in 
1881  as  a  stalwart  Republican  paper, 
with  James  W.  Scott  foremost  among 
its  projectors.  Mr.  Scott  was  its  pub- 
lisher and  business  manager;  Martin  J 
Russell  became  editor-in-chief,  and 
John  R.  Walsh  one  of  the  owners.  From 
the  lieginning  the  Herald  was  noted 
for  its  beautiful  typographical  appear- 
ance and  for  the  wit  and  pungency  of 
its  editorials,  in  the  writing  of  which 
Mr.  Russell  was  ably  seconded  by 
Horatio  W.  Seymour.  In  its  tenth  year 
it  bad  grown  to  be  one  of  the  most  pop- 
ular newspapers  in  the  country.  Into 
its  upbuilding  Mr.  Scott  poured  all  tTie 
energy  and  enthusiasm  of  his  prime. 
Walter  Wellman  early  became  the 
paper's  Washington  correspondent,  and 


JOSEFH    FUI^ITZEB. 

national  nominee,  and  throughout  the 
war  was  conservative  and  pacificatory. 
During  the  greater  part  of  its  career  it 
has  exercised  an  unquestionable  influ- 
ence in  the  political  course  of  the  people 
of  Missouri. 

THE   CHICAGO   RECORD-HERALD. 

Though  the  Chicago  Record-Herald, 
under  its  present  name,  is  a  young  news- 
paper, it  has  a  history  of  more  than  half 
a  century  of  vigorous  life,  for  it  was 
formed  by  the  union  of  three  of  the 
most  influential  papers  in  the  city.  It  is 
heir  to  the  energies  and  traditions  of 
the  Times,  the  Herald  and  the  Record, 
each  of  which,  in  varying  degree,  has 
furnished  some  of  the  complex  char- 
acteristics and  forces  constituting  the 
Record-Herald. 

The  Chicago  Times  was  founded  in 
18.54  by  Isaac  Cook,  James  W.  Sheahan 
and  Daniel  Cameron.  Mr.  Sheahan 
managed  it  until  the  summer  of  1860, 
when  it  was  bought  by  Cyrus  H.  Mc- 
Corniick.  Mr.  McCormick  was  also 
owner  of  a  paper  called  the  Herald,  and 
he  consolidated  the  two  under  the  name 
of  the  Herald  and  Times.  In  June, 
1861,  the  controlling  interest  was  pur- 
chased by  Wilbur  F.  Storey.  He  en- 
larged the  paper,  renamed  it  the  Times, 
established  it  in  new  ofliices  at  74  Ran- 
dolph street,  and  soon  began  to  infuse 


the  throes  of  the  "free  silver"  discussion, 
and  Mr.  Kohlsaat  rendered  a  national 
service  when  he  made  the  Times-Herald 
a  distinctive  force  in  the  election  of 
President  McKinley. 

Meanwhile  a  lusty  rival  had  been 
growing  up  in  the  same  citv  block.  In 
March,  1881,  Victor  F.  Lawsbn  and  Mel- 
ville E.  Stone,  having  made  a  phenome- 
nal success  of  the  Chicago  Daily  News, 
had  begun  issuing  a  morning  edition 
under  the  name  of  the  Morning  News. 
The  same  partnership  of  'business  and 
editorial  genius  that  had  made  the  even- 
ing paper  the  greatest  in  the  city  also 
caused  this  new  venture  to  p.rosper  from 
the  start.  Mr.  Stone's  faculty  for  news- 
getting,  which  has  since  f(mnd  still 
wider  expression  through  his  work  as 
general  manager  of  the  Associated 
Press,  secured  fo.-  the  Morning  News 
an  exceptionally  strong  staff  of  local, 
domestic  and  foreign  reporters  and  cor- 
respondents. In  1S87  William  E.  Cur- 
tis, the  author  and  traveler,  became  the 
paper's  Washington  correspondent,  and 
his  daily  letters  still  continue  to  be  an 
invaluable  feature  of  the  Record-Her- 
ald. In  1888  Mr.  Stone  severed  his  con- 
nection with  both  papers  on  account  of 
ill  health,  and  Mr.  Lawson  became  their 
sole  owner  and  publisher. 

The  morning  paper  had  become  a 
great  enterprise  in  itself,  and  in  1893  Mr. 
LawFon  changed  its  name  to  the  more 
distinctive  one  of  the  Chicago  Record. 
Ihider  the  executive  iiand  of  Charles 
H.  Dennis,  for  ten  j^ears  its  managing 
editor,  the  Record  steadily  held  the  sup- 


rai;fh   fui-ixzeb. 


lication.of  the  paper  was  resumed  on 
the  5th. 

The  notoriety  of  this  incident  brought 
a  great  increase  of  circulation  and  of 
advertising  to  the  Times,  and  as  Mr. 
Storey  softened  his  tone  on  the  war  is- 
sue his  paper  flourished  amazingly.  In 
1806  it  erected  and  moved  into  a  five- 
story  stone-front  building  of  its  own 
on  the  northwest  corner  of  Dearborn 
street  and  Calhoun  place.  In  1870  Mr. 
Storey  became  sole  owner  of  the  paper. 
With  the  editorial  support  of  such  men 
as  Andre  Matteson  and  Franc  B. 
Wilkie  he  had  realized  his  dreams  of 
making  a  great  paper.  Then  suddenly 
the  great  fire  wiped  out  the  whole  plant. 

After  a  few  days  the  publication  of 
the  Times  was  resumed  in  a  temporary 
ofiice  on  the  West  Side,  and  in  1873  a 
five-story  fireproof  building,  still  stand- 
ing on  the  northwest  corner  of  Fifth 
avenue  and  Washington  street,  was  com- 
pleted. The  paper  became  more  in- 
dependent, concentrated  more  energy  on 
its  news  columns,  established  a  bureau  in 
coinage  to  that  of  an  independent  Re- 
London  and  prospered  beyond  its  own- 


it  was  the  Herald  that  sent  Mr.  Well- 
man  in  1892  to  find  the  first  landing 
place  of  Columbus,  which  Avas  definitely 
located  on  Watling  Island  and  was  duly 
marked  by  a  monument.  Mr.  Wellman 
later  won  fame  as  an  arctic  explorer. 
Mr.  Scott  also  gave  of  his  best  thought 
and  care  to  the  construction  of  the  hand- 
some six-story  stone  and  terra  cotta 
building  at  154  Washington  street,  which 
was  completed  in  1890  and  is  to-day  the 
home  of  the  Record-Herald.  One  of 
Mr.  Scott's  last  acts  was  to  take  over 
the  Times  in  1895  and  amalgamate  ii 
with  the  Herald.  Pie  was  in  the  m"  '"' 
of  adjusting  the  details  of  the  consoli- 
dation when  he  died  suddenly  in  New 
York. 

This  was  the  'situation  when  in  April, 
1895,  I-I.  H.  Kohlsaat,  formerly  pub- 
lisher of  the  Inter-Ocean,  purchased  the 
entire  property  and  began  to  issue  the 
Times-Hera'ld,  installing  Cornelius  Mc- 
.Auliff  as  managin.g  editor,  and  changing 
its  policy  from  that  of  a  Democratic 
paper  with  uncertain  ideas  on  silver 
publican  paper  with  positive  views  on 
sound  money.    The  country  was  then  in 


DON.    C.    SEITZ. 

port  of  an  unusually  large  and  intelli- 
gent body  of  readers,  its  foreign  news 
seiMce  was  one  of  its  strongest  fea- 
tures. At  the  time  of  its  consoiidation 
with  the  Times-Herald  it  had  123  cor- 
respondents in  the  important  cities  of 
Europe,  Asia,  Africa.  Australia,  New 
Zealand,  South  America,  the  West  In- 
dies. Mexico  and  Canada. 

This  splendid  news  service  and  large 
circulation  became  part  of  the  assets  of 
the  Record-Herald  in  March,  1901,  when 
Mr.  Lawson  chose  thenceforth  to  devote 
all  his  energies  to  the  Daily  News,  and 
handed  over  the  Record  to  be  consoli- 
dated with  the  Times-Herald  under  Mr. 
Kohlsaat's  management.  Mr.  Kohlsaat 
remained  in  active  charge  of  the  en- 
larged paper  about  a  year  longer,  at  the 
end  of  which  time  be  retired  to  devote 
himself  to  bis  private  enterprises. 

At  that  time  Frank  B.  Noyes,  one  of 
the  owners  of  the  Washington  Evening 
Star  and  president  of  the  Associated 
Press,  became  editor  and  publisher  of 
the  Record-Herald.  Under  his  control 
the  paper  has  gone  on  steadily  develop- 
ing on  the  main  lines  already  indicated, 
preserving  the  non-partisan  independ- 
ence and  liome-circle  appeal  of  the  Rec- 
ord, the  editorial  forcefulness  of  the 
Herald,  the  public  spirit  of  the  Times- 
Herald  and  the  aggressive  news-get- 
ting of  the  old  Times.  Mr.  McAuliff 
has  continued  to  be  managing  editor, 
and  the  enterprise  has  been  strengthened 


76 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


Is  the  favorite  in  81^^  of  the  homes  of  its  subscribers, 
and  is  the  only  Detroit  daily  taken  in  509"^^  of  these 
homes. 

Forty-five  per  cent,  of  The  Times'  readers  prefer 
it  for  its  stand  for  Clean  Journalism  (including  honest 
advertising)  and  33%  prefer  it  for  its  dependability. 

The  Times  mailed  return  postal  cards  to  5,000  of  its  Detroit  subscribers,  taken  at  random  and  representing  every  section 
of  the  city,  requesting  answers  to  the  following  questions: 

1.  What   Detroit   daily   newspaper,   if   any,   besides   The    Detroit   Times,    are    you   receiving 

regularly  at  your  home? 

2.  Which  Detroit  daily  do  your  prefer? 

3.  Why    do    you    prefer    it? 

Five  hundred  and  sixty-seven  subscribers,  or  11%  of  those  to  whom  cards  were  sent,  replied.  Of  this  number  462  declared 
their  preference  for  The  Times  and  285  said  it  is  the  only  Detroit  paper  they  are  taking. 

Clean  journalism  is  given  as  the  basis  of  their  preference  for  The  Times  by  255  subscribers,  dependability  by  191,  no 
liquor  ads  by  56,  editorials  by  32,  large  type  by  15,  and  miscellaneous  features  by  the  others. 

The  replies  are  totalled  herewith.  They  make  one  of  the  most  interesting  analyses  of  newspaper  circulation  ever  pub- 
lished.   The  cards  bearing  numbers,  names  and  addresses  are  accessible  at  The  Times  office  for  verification. 


Which  Paper 
Preferred 

Detroit  Times 

462 

Why  Subscribers  prefer 
The  Detroit  Times 

Clean    Journalism...  255 
Editorials    52 

Other  Papers  Taken 

Postal  Cards  Mark- 

Postal    Cards 
turned  —   11 

Re- 
Per 

Take  Detroit  Times 

Only 286 

News    204 

ed    to    Detroit 

News    

18 
6 

Journal    119 

Times     Subscri- 
bers     5,000 

Journal     

No  Liquor  Ads 66 

Large  Type 15 

Denendabilitv    191 

Free  Press   104 

Free   Press    

15 

Miscellaneous   65 

1 

On  the  basis  of  newspaper   experience  with  election  returns, 
this  investigation  indicates  : 

That  32,400  subscribers  of  The  Detroit  Times  prefer  it  over  all 
other  Detroit  newspapers. 

That  18,000  subscribers  of  The  Detroit  Times  prefer  it  for  its 
stand  on  Clean  Journalism  and  Honest  Advertising. 

The  N.  M.  Sheffield  Special  Agency 


NEW  YORK  :— TRIBUNE  BUILDING 


CHICAGO  :-HEYWORTH  BUILDING 


77 


THE    EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


In  every  department.  The  commercial 
and  financial  columns  have  long  been 
among  the  most  ably  edited  in  the  coun- 
try. The  local  and  telegraphic  news 
service  is  of  the  highest  efficiency.  At 
the  same  time  the  scope  of  the  paper 
has  been  widened  so  as  to  include  other 
fields  of  human  and  artistic  interest, 
such  as  literature,  dramatic  and  musical 
criticism,  household  economy,  humor, 
fiction,  etc.  Its  literary  news  and  re- 
views are  generally  acknowledged  to  be 


wu.  babuxs,  jb. 

the  most  comprehensive  and  authorita- 
tive in  the  West. 

The  Record-Herald  is  as  perfect  me- 
chanically as  the  best  machinery  and 
craftsmanship  can  make  it.  Its  circu- 
lation thus  far  has  averaged  consider- 
ably above  1.50,000  daily  and  200.000  on 
Sunday.  One  of  the  new  landmarks  of 
American  journalism  established  by  Mr. 
Noyes  is  the  Sunday  magazine  of  the 
Record-Herald. 

BROOKLYN  EAGLE. 

The  beginnings  of  the  Brooklyn 
Eagle  were  humble  and  tentative.  It 
was  first  published  as  a  campaign  paper^ 
with  the  saving  thought  in  the  mind  of 
at  least  one  person  concerned  that  if  its 


^fnJ.I.IA.^a  Emosrx  qitidtbt. 

st;pport  during  the  political  campai.gn 
during  which  it  was  launched  justified 
the  venture,  it  should  be  continued  as  a 
permanency. 

For  a  number  of  years  prior  to  1841 
Kings  County  had  been  Whig  in  its 
political  majorities.  The  Democratic 
party,  generally  dominant  in  the  coun- 
try at  large,  was  in  the  minority  in  that 
county.  The  Democratic  politics  of  the 
county    centered    in    the    law    office    of 

tptt,  Murphy  &  Vanclerbilt.    The  mem- 


bers of  the  firm  were  the  leaders.  The 
active  politician  of  the  three  was  Henry 
C.  Murphy.  In  1841  an  important  elec- 
tion was  approaching,  which  was,  by 
reason  of  the  issues  and  the  conditions 
prevailing  in  the  local  Whig  party,  a 
particularly  propitious  time  to  redeem 
the  country  from  Whig  control.  Ex- 
traordinary efforts  were  determined  on. 
Among  the  means  adopted  was  that  of 
the  establishment  of  a  paper.  A  meet- 
ing was  called  in  the  office  of  Lott, 
Murphy  &  Vanderbilt  Among  those 
who  gathered  there  was  John  Green- 
wood, later  a  judge  of  the  city  court, 
and  a  young  man,  Isaac  Van  Anden, 
who  four  or  five  years  before  had  come 
from  Poughkeepsie  and  established  a 
printing  office  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn. 
It  was  the  young  printer  who  suggested 
llie  starting  of  a  paper.  It  was  John 
Greenwood  who  suggested  the  title  of 
"The  Brooklyn  Eagle  and  Kings  County 
Democrat." 

This  gathering  subscribed  a  fund 
necessary  to  establish  the  paper,  with 
the  understanding  that  tne  paper  was  to 
lie  printed  in  Isaac  Van  Anden's  print- 
ing office,  under  his  business  direction, 
although  Alfred  G.  Stevens  was  to  be 
the  nominal  publisher,  with  Henry  C. 
Murphy  and  Richard  Adams  Locke  as 
editors.  Under  these  auspices  the 
Eagle  was  launched  on  Oct.  26,  1841. 
The  result  at  the  polls  was  a  triumphant 
Democratic  victory.  The  shouting  had 
hardly  died  awa}^  before  the  proposition 
was  made  to  cease  the  publication  of  the 
Eagle,  on  the  ground  that  it  had  served 
the  purpose  for  which  it  had  been 
started.  Then  the  saving  thought 
which  had  existed  in  the  mind  of  Mr. 
Van  .'Vnden  was  put  into  execution.  He 
nrotested  against  suspension,  offered  to 
buy  out  the  interest  of  everybody  con- 
cerned and  assume  entire  responsibility 
of  its  conduct.  Pending  the  conclusion  of 
these  negotiations  the  Eagle  was  con- 
tinued ostensibly  under  the  old  manage- 
ment, actually  by  Mr.  Van  Anden,  with 
Pichard  Adams  Locke  as  editor,  Mr. 
Murohy  having  drooped  out  after  the 
election.  But  early  in  the  new  year  of 
1842  the  announcement  was  made  pub- 
lic that  Isaac  Van  Anden  was  the  sole 
owner   and    conductor. 

Mr.  Van  Anden  made  the  Eagle  a 
newspaper  -from  the  start.  This  was 
more  of  an  achievement  than  it  prob- 
ably appears  to  be  now.  The  condition 
nf  journalism  of  that  day  was  almost 
that  of  slavery  to  the  party  whose  prin- 
ciples the  paper  was  supposed  to  ad- 
vance. Mr.  Van  Anden  abandoned  that 
policy  and  printed  what  was  interesting. 
The   politicians   were  horrified. 

Tn  the  early  days  this  independent 
policy  caused  the  Eagle  considerable 
trouble,  notablv  in  1861.  when  it  became 
seriously  involved  with  the  Government 
through  the  stinging  criticisms  of  its 
editor,  Henry  McCloskev.  LTndeniably 
erratic  as  he  was,  yet  Mr.  McQoskey 
was  a  writer  of  great  force  and  weight. 
The  ckmax  was  reached  in  August. 
1S61,_  The  Eagle  had  been  informed 
that  its  course  was  not  pleasing  to  the 
authorities  .it  Washington.  In  August 
it  was  denied  circulation  in  the  mails, 
nnd  on  .Aug.  16.  in  common  with  the 
Tournal  of  Commerce,  the  Dailv  and 
Weekly  News,  the  Daily  and  Weeklv 
Day  Book,  the  Freeman's  Journal  of 
New  York,  the  Eagle  was  indicted  in 
the  LTnited  States  Court  for  treasonable 
utterances,  while  the  threat  to  close  up 
the  paper  was  made  in  formidable  shape. 

This  was  the  culmination  of  the  run- 
I'-ng  warfare  between  the  proprietor  and 
his  editor.  The  oen  was  taken  from 
McCIoskcy's  hands.  His  last  editorial 
'■■as  "The  War  and  the  Freedom  of  the 
Press  "  So  Henrv  McCloskev  went  out 
r.nd  Thomas  Kinsella  came  in.  The 
l-^tter's  first  leader  was  "The  War  and 
the  Advocates  of  Peace,"  and  was  fol- 
lowed up  the  next  dav  with  "The  Eagle 
and  the  War."  in  which  the  policv  of 
the  naper  was  made  to  .square  with  the 
opinions  held  by  Mr.  Van  Anden  and 
which  were  not  obnoxious  to  the  ad- 
ministration. It  was  a  strenuous  period 
in  strenuous  times.  Mr.  Kinsella.  who 
t-ben  fatnf  to  the  editorship,  had  been  a 

~  78 


reporter  on  the  paper,  liad  written  much 
for  the  editorial  columns  and,  therefore, 
■was  not  wholly  unskilled  in  the  work  he 
assumed.  He  was  an  ambitious  man  of 
sterling  ability,  sound  judgment  and 
great  capacity  for  labor.  Conservative 
in  his  habit  of  thought,  the  opinions  of 
himself  and  the  proprietor  were  in  ac- 
cord on  general  questions,  and  the 
Eagle  settled  down  to  a  prosperous 
course  through  the  war  under  a  vigor- 
ous conduct.  The  record  of  the  years 
following  were  those  of  large  growth, 
increasing  prosperity  and  expanding  in- 
fluence under  Mr.  Kinsella's  editorship 
until  1869,  when  he  left  the  paper  to 
take  a  position  as  commissioner  in  the 
newly  formed  Water  Board.  He  was 
succeeded  by  William  Wood,  who  had 
been  Mr.  Kinsella's  assistant.  He  held 
the  editorship  until  the  close  of  the 
year,  or  until  Mr.  Van  Anden  sold  the 
naper  to  a  company  of  which  Demas 
Barnes  was  the  president.  Then  Mr. 
Kinsella  came  back  as  the  editor  and  a 
stockholder   of  the   company. 

For  thirty  years,  or  since  the  institu- 
tion of  the  Eagle,  the  name  of  Van 
Anden  had  been  identified  with  it.  The 
public  gave  evidence  that  it  did  not  view 
the  change  with  entire  aporoval.  Mr. 
Kinsella  was  quick  to  perceive  this  and 
did  not  like  it.  He  accordingly  be.Eran 
a  movement  which  should  again  identify 
the  Van  .Anden  interest  with  the  Eagle. 
The  first  of  the  Van  Andens  to  return 
ivas  Col.  William  Hester,  nephew  of  the 
Fao-le's  founder,  who  had  been  asso- 
ciated with  his  uncle  for  twenty  years. 
His  return  was  quickly  followed  by 
the  return  of  Isaac  Van  Anden  who. 
rnrchasing  the  entire  holdings  of  Demas 
Barnes,  -was  elected  president  of  the  as- 
sociation. Matters  then  moved  along 
tl^o  lines  that  had  prevailed  prior  to  the 
=a)e,  with  the  trust  and  confidence  of 
the  public  fully  restored.  Colonel 
T^ester  succeeded  to  the  presidency  of 
^'■e  company  at  the  time  of  Mr,  Van 
.Anden's  death  in  1873.  Mr.  Kinse'Ia 
f-nntinued  in  the  editorshin  until  his 
death  in  January.  1884.  He  was  sui^- 
-"eded  by  Andrew  McLean  who,  under 
Mr.  Kinsella,  had  been  the  managing 
editor. 

In  the  fall  of  1886  St.  Clair  McKel- 
way  became  (he  editor-in-chief  and  has 
continued  in  the  position  until  the 
present. 

The  Eagle  of  to-day  is  a  complete 
newspaper  in  every  sense,  with  denart- 
•nents   covering  every   sphere  of  life. 

The  financial  department  has  been  a 
feature  for  thirty  years.  It  has  always 
been  trustworthy.  An  Eagle  bureau 
was  established  in  the  Street,  and  a 
complete  equipment  for  the  gathering 
and  receipt  of  facts  was  organized. 
Two  pages  are  to-day  required  for  the 
monev  and  market  reports,  with  'the 
advertisements  which  have  followed. 
Those  financial  pap"es  command  and  de- 
serve confidence.  Thev  are  trustworthy 
and  careful,  honest.  and  comore- 
hensive.  That  denartment  alone  has  a 
constituency  to   whom   it  is  a  necessitv. 

Books  and  literature  daih'  command 
in  the  Eagle  the  criticism  whirfi  thev 
call  for  by  their  tone  and  views,  and 
the  news  treatment  which  they  iustifv 
by  the  increasina-  value  of  literature  aq 
an  art  and  an  industrv  in  the  wor'd. 
There  is  also  daily  treatment  of  the 
drama. 

The  Eagle  every  Saturdav  gives  mor^" 
than  a  page  to  an  anticipative  consider- 
ation of  what  the  preachers  intend  to 
say  next  dav.  On  Monday  it  gives  two 
pages  to  what  thev  have  said,  the  ser- 
mons being  in  full  text. 

Much  spar"  is  devoted  to  clean  sport- 
ing news.  Exnert  renorters  cover  all 
branches  of  snort,  and  engaging  writers 
contr'bute  helpful  discussions  of  the 
tonics  of  turf  and  field. 

The  Eagle  maintains  able  corre- 
spondents all  the  year  round  in  Wash- 
ington, Albany,  London  and  Paris.  The 
foreign  correspondence  has  long  been 
noted  for  its  interest,  trustiworthiness 
and    promptness. 

Anotner  feature  of  the  Eagle  is  its 
pictures,   but  they  are  pictures   that  il- 


lustrate the  text.  The  art  plant  of  the 
Eagle  is  large  and  efficient,  equipped 
with  the  latest  appliances  and  methods 
for  rapid  and  good  work. 

All  these  features  necessitate  a  large 
newspaper,  and  the  Eagle  ranges  in 
size  from  twenty-two  to  twenty-eight 
seven-column  pages  daily,  with  a  Sun- 
day issue  consisting  of  three  or  four 
sections  and  from  fort.v-eight  to  seventy- 
two  pages.  The  Sunday  issue  is  notable 
apart  from  the  functions  it  performs  of 


CrEir.    H.    G.    OTIS. 

continuing  the  news  publications  of  the 
week. 

In  addition  to  what  are  generally  re- 
garded as  the  regular  functions  of  a 
newspaper,  the  Eagle  has  established 
other  departments  for  the  benefit  of  its 
readers.  One  of  these  departments  is 
its  Free  Information  Bu.eau,  render- 
ing a  varied  service  which  covers  many 
branches    of    information. 

Other  Eagle  enterprises  include  pop- 
ular excursions,  a  free  circulating  li- 
brary for  employes,  the  offering  of  val- 
uable trophies  to  the  winners  of  ath- 
letic   contests,    etc.      The    Eagle    as    it 


i.ATATETTH   'srotrii'a,   SB. 

stands  to-day  is  nothing  more  or  less 
than  the  logical  development  of  its 
founder's  ideas.  These  ideas  were 
transmitted  to  Colonel  Hester  and  have 
been  faithfully  carried  out  by  him,  with 
such  changes  and  additions  as  the 
march  of  progress  have  required.  He 
bas  had  the  able  assistance  of  his  son. 
William  Van  Anden  Hester,  the  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  of  the  company.  The 
business  management  of  the  Eagle  is 
in  the  h'^nds  of  Herbert  F.  Gunnison, 


THE   EDITOR   AND   PUBLISHER   AND    JOURNALIST 


The 

AMERICAN  PRESS 

ASSOCIATION 

does  the 

PLATE  BUSINESS 

of  the  country,  and  in 
addition  represents 

4,000  Home  Print  Papers 

for  foreign  advertising 


The  Pawtucket  Times 


Covers  an  extensive  territory,  embracing  a 
population  of  130,000  of  New  England's  most 
thrifty  people. 


The  daily  paid  circulation  of  the  Times  aver- 
ages more  than  20,000  as  shown  by  the  report  of 
the  Association  of  American  Advertisers  after  a 
thorough  examination  of  the  circulation  depart- 
ment, also  by  the  certified  report  by  Charles  0. 
Black,  business  manager,  filed  with  the  United 
States  Postal  authorities. 


Pawtucket,  R.  1.,  is  located  in  the  very  heart 
of  New  England  and  is  a  city  of  well  appointed 
homes,  which  emphasizes  the  character  of  its 
people.  The  $13,000,000  deposited  in  the  savings 
banks  of  Pawtucket  is  a  strong  testimonial  to  the 
enterprise  and  economy  of  its  population. 


If  you  desire  to  conmiunicate  with  this  splen- 
did audience,  you  can  do  so  to  best  advantage 
through  the  columns  of  the  Pawtucket  Times. 


RHODE  ISLAND 


By  far  the  most  thickly  populated 
State  in  the  Union — the  home  of 
nearly  600,000  prosperous,  con- 
tented people — the  busiest  hive 
of  human  industry  in  the  world. 


The 
Providence  Journal 

The  Evening  Bulletin 

(BOTH  2.CENT  PAPERS) 


are  the  two  great  newspapers  that  entirely  dom- 
inate this  wonderful  advertising  field. 


Tiie  Providence  Journal  S:f.:?il:! h:d 

as  a  daily  in  1829;  steadily  growing  in  circulation  and 
advertising.  Average  for  entire  year  of  1912,  24,463 
copies  per  issue. 

The  Evening  Bulletin 


One  of  the  largest  daily 
newspapers  in  the  United 

States.     Circulation   average  for  January,   53,881    copies 

per  issue,  over  49%  increase  in  6  years. 

These  Papers  Were  EIGHTH  on  the  List  of  the  News- 
papers of  the  United  States  in  Advertising 
in  1912,  Printing 

11,456,304  Lines 

Nearly  Three  Million    lines  greater  than  any  other 
newspaper  in  New  England 


REPRESENTATIVES 


NEW  YORK 

CHAS.  H.  EDDY 
5024  Metropolitan  Bldg. 


BOSTON 

CHAS.  H.  EDDY 
723  Old  South  Bldg. 


CHICAGO 

EDDY  &  VIRTUE 
1054  Peoples  Gas  Bldg. 


79 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


who  is  well  qualified  to  fill  this  impor- 
tant position. 

The  Eagle's  mechanical  plant  is  said 
to  be  one  of  the  finest  in  America  and 
probably  in  the  world.  No  expense  has 
been  spared  to  make  it  thoroughly  com- 
plete and  up  to  date.  The  latest  and 
most  improved  machinery  has  been  in- 
stalled. Great  care  has  been  given  to 
sanitary  conditions  and  to  an  econom- 
ical handling  of  the  product  manufac- 
tured. 

THE   BALTIMORE  AMERICAN. 

Un  the  roll  of  the  great  dailj  news- 
papers of  this  Kepublic  the  Baltimore 
American  has  a  place  of  honor.  Pub- 
lished in  the  city  which  is  the  gateway 
between  the  North  and  South,  it  is  an 
authority  on  matters  of  deep  concern  to 
both  sections,  and  exercises  a  wide- 
spread and  wholesome  influence  in  a 
vast  extent  of  territory. 

The  American  has  always  stood  for 
progress  in  city,  state  and  nation.  It 
has  been  from  its  birth  a  steady  and 
consistent  advocate  of  every  movement 
looking  for  the  advancement  of  Balti- 
imore,  and  has  frequently  opened  the 
way  for  great  undertakings  that  would 
add  to  the  wealth,  the  business,  the  at- 
tractions of  this  city. 

Never  was  a  better  proof  given  of 
this  than  in  those  dark  days  which  fol- 
lowed the  awful  disaster  of  1904,  when 
fire  swept  away  the  greater  portion  of 
the  business  section  of  Baltimore.  That 
conflagration  left  in  ruins  the  fine  build- 
ing which  the  American  had  long  occu- 
pied. Undaunted  and  undismayed,  con- 
fident of  its  own  strength,  knowing  that 
it  had  won  and  would  ever  hold  the 
high  regard  of  the  people  of  this  com- 
munity, the  American  did  not  halt  or 
hestitate.  Without  delaj  it  made  its 
plans  not  only  for  a  new  home,  but  for 
a  larger,  better,  more  substantial,  more 
beautiful  home;  a  building  that  should 
stand  as  a  lasting  monument  to  the 
American's  fai^th  in  Baltimore.  Within 
a  year  the  new  home  was  finished  and 
occupied,  with  a  complete  plant  ready 
for  use.  On  the  first  anniversary  of  the 
great  fire  of  February  7,  190-i,  the  Amer- 
ican was  able  to  issue  from  its  new 
building  and  new  presses  a  magnificent 
souvenir  edition. 

The  American  of  to-day  is  the  fore- 
most newspaper  of  the  Sointh,  and  one 
of  the  recognized  leaders  in  the  journal- 
ism of  the  whole  country.  Its  position 
in  Baltimore  is  at  the  top,  and  it  has. 
by  its  earnest  work  for  the  benefit  of 
the  city,  won  the  respect  of  the  entire 
community.  It  has  not  only  kept  pace 
with  the  rapid  progress  in  newspaper 
making,  but  it  has  frequently  led  the 
way  to  the  adoption  of  new  and  im- 
proved methods  of  its  own  creation.  For 
its  news  of  the  world  it  not  only  has 
the  service  o-f  the  Associated  Press,  but 
employs  many  other  agencies  which  keep 
it  supplied  with  special  reports  which 
its  local  contemporaries  do  not  and  can- 
not obtain. 

To  recount  its  achievements  in  recent 
years  would  be  to  give  a  history  ot 
newspaper  leadership  during  that  period. 
It  has  sent  its  special  commissioners  to 
all  parts  of  this  country  and  Europe  for 
the  news;  it  has  published  special  let- 
ters from  every  country  in  the  world, 
and  it  has  had  as  its  contributors  the 
most  famous  men  in  the  literature  of 
the  day. 

The  history  of  a  nation  is  told  in  the 
records  of  the  American.  Mark  a  few 
of  the  incidents  of  its  usefulness: 

Its  first  editor  planted  the  germ  of 
the  present  postal  system. 

In  its  office  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence was  officially  printed. 

The  woman  in  journalism  first  scored 
a  success  in  its  management. 

"The  Star  Spangled  Banner"  was  first 
■published  in  its  pages. 

It  was  the  first  advocate  of  public 
schools  in  this  State. 

It  was  the  first  paper  of  Maryland 
to  miblish  full  market  reports. 

To  its  agitation  and  recommendation 
was  due  the  establishment  of  the  Mary- 


land Historical  Society,  of  the  Maryland 
Institute  for  the  Promotion  of  Mechan- 
ical Arts,  of  the  House  of  Refuge,  of 
the  Mercantile  Library,  and  the  founda- 
tion of  public  schools  for  colored  chil- 
dren. 

It  was  the  first  Southern  paper  to  pub- 
lish accurate  war  maps,  and  its  extra 
issues  on  important  occasions  were  al- 
ways ahead  of  its  competitors. 

It  was  the  earliest  champion  of  Pro- 
fessor Morse  and  the  electric  telegraph, 
and  one  of  his  largest  patrons  when  the 
line  was  completed. 

It  advocated  the  Gunpowder  water 
supply  long  before  its  contemporaries. 

During  the  Civil  War  it  did  more  to 


lished  by  any  of  the  Baltimore  morning 
dailies.    It  was  a  success  from  the  stari. 

On  January  4,  1897,  the  price  of  the 
American  on  week-days  was  reduced  to 
one  cent  everywhere,  and  at  that  price 
it  still  remains.  The  change  proved  a 
wise  one  from  the  start.  The  paper's 
circulaltion  increased  rapidly.  As  itb 
circulation  has  increased  so  has  its  ad- 
vertising patronage.  It  is  a  paper  re- 
spected by  all,  a  leading  factor  in  the 
city's  progress,  playing  a  prominent  and 
honorable  part  in  every-day  life  in  the 
Greater  Baltimore. 

General  Felix  Angnus  is  the  publisher 
and  manager  of  the  American,  and  has 
been  for  many  years. 


Researches  carried  'On  by  Mr.  Capehairt  in  many  rparts  "of  the  world,  especially 
England,  France,  Germany  and  Holland,  have  made  this  work  on  the  iStory  of 
journalism  iposslble.  In  the  pursuit  of  data  on  this  subject  Mr.  Capehart  has 
consulted  the  irecords  and  ispecimen  of  the  British  Museum  of  Ijondon,  various 
libraries  and  archives  dn  Germany.  Fi-ance  and  Holland  and  considerable  aid  has 
-.  n-nUfc.ied  him  by  rare  finds  in  the  old  book  shops  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main, 
Paris  and  other  historical  centers  of  the  Old  World.  For  the  material  on  early 
American  journaliism  Mr.  Capehart  is  largely  indebted  to  Harper  Brothers,  and 
especially  Ool.  George  Harvey,  through  whose  courtesy  this  has  been  obtained. 

Mr.  Caipehart  has  spent  years  in  'the  study  of  the  subject  and  has  concen- 
trated upon  it  rare  judgment,   erudition   and   devotion  borderdng   on  indefatigable 


alleviate  the  suffering  by  donations  and    FIRST  PAPER  ON  PACIFIC  COAST, 

■collecting  cEunds  and  forwarding  supplies 
than  any  paper  in  the  country. 

It  has  raised  more  money  for  charit- 


able ends  than  any  paper  in  the  South, 

It  was  on  its  recommendation  that  a 
tax  was  laid  on  the  city  passenger  rail 


The  Pacific  slope  will  not  long  be  in 
the  rear  of  the  /Atlantic  slope  in  the 
number  and  wealth  of  its  newspapers; 
indeed,  the  journalists  in  that  part  of 
the  world  even  think  that  they  are 


ways  for  the  support  of  the  parks,  so  "P  ^^  ^."^  "^f,^  '"  P?'"  °^  ^"^'^'^y  ^"^ 
that  the  pepole  now  enjoy  the  splendid  f.^^^'P^l^^-  ^^^^I'>'  °f  ^'^^  papers  pub- 
pleasure  grounds  without  one  cent  of  ^'shed  m  San  Francisco  are  handsome 
specimens  of   typography,  and  in  talent 


expense. 

The  American  is  now  over  140  years 
old,  having  been  born  August  20,  1773. 
There  is  no  other  daily  newspaper  in 
the  United  States  of  such  age. 


they 


nd     well 


and    energy 
ranks. 

The  first  paper  printed   on  the 
of  the   Pacific  made  its  appearance 


The  publication  of  the  Sunday  Amer-  fore  the  war  with  Mexico,  before  the 
ican  was  begun  on  March  2,  1879,  and  invasion  of  California  and  before  Mar- 
has  never  been  interrupted.  Never  be-  shall  and  Sutter  discovered  gold  where 
fore   had   a   Sunday   edition  been   pub-  the  former  was  building  a  mill  for  the 

80 


latter  in  January,  1S48.  Many  years 
previously  to  those  events  Astor  and 
Gray  had  made  the  Columbia  River 
known,  and  there  was  an  excitement  in 
18,30  in  New  England  and  New  York 
among  the  young  men  to  migrate  to 
Oregon  and  develop  that  region  of  the 
Northwest. 

The  title  of  the  paper  was  the 
Fhtmgudgeon  Gazette,  or  Bumble-Bee 
Budget,  edited  by  the  Long-tailed  Coon, 
a  sort  of  Pike  County  Punch  affair. 
The  motto  read,  "Devoted  to  scratching 
and  stinging  the  Follies  of  the  Age." 

It  was  tri-weekly,  some  eight  or  ten 
numbers  being  issued,  continuing  dur- 
ing the  session  of  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil of  the  Territory.  The  paper  made 
quite  a  stir  in  those  parts,  and  kept  the 
members  on  their  p's  and  q's  all  the 
time. 

This  original  sheet,  more  a  copy  of 
Punch  than  of  tlie  Weekly  News-Letter 
in  its  title,  made  its  appearance  in  1811. 
Only  a  quarter  of  a  century  later  there 
were  thirtj'-four  daily,  one  hundred  and 
eightj'-eight  weekly  and  six  monthly 
publications  in  California  and  Oregon 
alone ! 

Newspaper  brains  and  material  went 
out  to  the  Pacific  with  Stevenson's  Ex- 
pedition in  1846. 

After  the  discovery  of  gold  and  the 
rush  of  gold  hunters  from  the  Atlantic 
States,  the  miners  -were  largely  sup- 
plied with  news  from  home  by  Cali- 
fornia editions  of  the  New  York  papers 
and  a  few  others.  These  sheets  were 
made  up  expressly  for  that  region,  and 
every  steamer'  for  the  isthmus  from 
New  York  and  New  Orleans  would 
carry  forty,  fifty  and  sixty  thousand 
copies  of  these  journals. 


THE  LOS  ANGELES  TIMES. 

The  field  of  this  remarkable  newspa- 
per is  the  great  Southwest,  and  it  has 
achieved  a  foremost  place  in  its  field. 
Its  chief,  Harrison  Gray  Otis,  was  born 
in  Ohio  in  1837,  Feb.  10.  He  was  a 
farmer's  boy  and  attended  winter  school 
in  a  country  log  school  house  in  South- 
ern Ohio,  but  IS  not  college-bred.  He 
is  fond  of  telling  of  his  first  experience 
in  journalism,  which  consisted  of  carry- 
ing laths  to  help  in  the  work  of  plaster- 
ing the  wind-swept  country  printing  of- 
fice at  Sarahsville,  Noble  County,  O., 
in  which  he  became  an  apprentice  in  the 
fall  of  1851-52. 

Preceding  the  troublous  times  of  the 
great  Civil  War,  young  Otis  had  cast 
his  first  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln  in 
18(50,  in  whose  nomination  at  Chicago 
he  took  part  as  a  Republican  delegate 
from  Kentucky.  When  the  call  to  arms 
sounded,  he  responded  promptly,  enter- 
ing the  ranks  and  serving  as  soldier  and 
officer  to  the  end,  coming  out  with  the 
rank  of  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  "for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services 
throughout  the  war."  During  his  long 
and  arduous  service  he  fought  in  fif- 
teen actions,  was  twice  wounded  in  bat- 
tle and  received  seven  promotions  for 
merit. 

In  the  Philippines  he  served  as  a  gen- 
eral oilicer  under  the  commission  issued 
to  him  by  President  McKinley,  and  it 
was  his  brigade  that  stormed  and  cap- 
tured Caloocan.  His  good  service  there 
brought  him  the  promotion  of  "major- 
general  by  brevet  for  meritorious  con- 
duct in  action,"  March  25,  1899. 

Gen.  Porfirio  Diaz,  president  of  Mex- 
ico, is  credited  with  this  remark:  "Few 
men  ever  became  distinguished  in  even 
one  line  of  endeavor,  but  General  Otis 
is  both  a  great  soldier  and  a  great 
editor." 

In  18C5,  after  the  Civil  War  had 
ended.  Col.  Otis  entered  jouralism  on  a 
small  scale  at  Marietta,  Ohio,  and  at 
the  session  of  the  Ohio  Legislature  in 
186(3-07  was  official  reporter  of  the 
House  of  Representatives;  after  which 
(being  a  practical  printer)  he  became 
foreman  of  the  Government  Printing 
OflSce.  Subsequently  he  was  a  division 
chief   in   the   U.  S.   Patent  Office. 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PtTBLISHER   AND    JOURNALISf 


THE 
HERALD 

made  a  larger 
Advertising  gain 
than  all  other 
dailies  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 
combined. 


The   following   figures   from    The 

■Evening     Star     show      the 

advertising  gains  of 

The  Washington  Dailies 

for  the  year,  191'2,  as    follows : 

THE  HERALD  .        798, 737  Lines  Gain 

The  Star        .  .  334,232     "      " 

The  Times  .  23,047     "       " 

The  Post         .  .  536,511     "     Loss 

RESULTS 

The  increase  in  advertising  is 
due  to  the  increase  in  results. 
The  increase  in  results  is  due 
to     the    increase     in     circulation. 


Foreign    Representatives : 

VV1I,1'KKI)1.\(-;  CO.     .\.  R.  KE.\TOU 
:■>:,   Fiflli   .\vcrv.ie  Hartford   lUdg. 


ELIZABETH,  N.  J. 


A  vorth-while 


all-city  daily 


lintea  in  1912  6.073,18'i  lines  of  paij  advi 
iinr.  an  INCRE^SEovcr  1911  of  425,446  Hn( 

Growth  of  Circulation: 

D»ily  Averaee  in  Past  Ten  Years 

903  . 

904  . 


905  . 

906  . 

907  . 

908  . 

909  . 

910  . 

911  . 

912  . 

9 1  3  (First  3  months) 


4,707 

5,522 

6,518 

7,347 

8,311 

9,090 

9,882 

1 0,884 

11,577 

12,237 

12,916 


F.R.  NORTHRUP,  Special  Representative 

225  Fifth  An.,  New  York.    Tribune  Bid;.,  Chicago,  111. 


Average  Circulation  of  Week-Day  Editions  of 

The  NEW  YORK  AMERICAN  Now 

Exceeds  275,000  Net-Paid  Copies 

Has  more  Quality  Readers  Than 
Any  Other  New  York  Newspaper 

And  Here  Are  Some  Of  The 
Quality  Features  Which 
Have  Won  For  It  Quality 
Supremacy: 


ART  By 

MUSIC  By 

DRAMA  By 

SOCIETY  By 

BUSINESS 

and  By 

FINANCE 

BASEBALL, 
YACHTING,        By 
AUTOMOBILING 


EDITORIALS 

and 

SPECIAL 

ARTICLES 


FOREIGN 
NEWS 


HUMOR 


By 


By 


By 


Chas.  H.  Caffin  '  '  [  ' 

Chas.  Henry  Meltzer 
Alan  Dale 
Cholly   Knickerbocker 

/B.  C.  Forbes 
^W.  R.  Lawson,  of  Londo 
/Broadan  Wall 
Jjoseph   R.    Pritchard 
'  Edward  Low  Ranlett 

Damon   Runyon 
Alien    Sangree 
Duncan  Curry 
W.  J.  Macbeth 


John   Temple  Graves 

Elbert   Hubbard 

James  J.  Montague 

Rev.  Thomas  B.  Gregory 

Winifred    Black 

Edwin    Markham 

Virginia  Terhune  Vandewater 

I  W.  Orton  Tewson 

Chester  Overton 

Marquis  de  Castellane 
J  Paul  Pierre  Rignaux 

C.  de  Vidal-Hundt 

Fritz  Jacobsohn 

J.   M.   E.  d'Aquin 
[  George   M,  Bruce 

I  Bud   Fisher  j 

I  George  M'Manus 
j  T.  E.  Powers 
I  Frederick    Opper 


Greatest  Quantity  of  Quality  Circulation 

Sunday  Circulation  Exceeds  750,000  Net 
Paid  Copies  Per  Issue 


The   News 
and  Courier 


CHARLESTON,  S.   C. 

One  of  the  Leaders 
in  American 
Journalism. 

'X'HE  undisputed 
leader  in  its  territory 
and  guarantees  the 
largest  paid  circulation 
of  any  Charleston  news- 
paper. 

Subscription — by  mail 
or  in  the  city  by  carrier, 
$8.00  per  year — payable 
in  advance. 

Daily      Circulation      March,      1913: 

13,OSO 

Sunday     Circulation     March,     1913 : 

is,oio 

BENJAMIN  and  KENTNOR  CO. 

Foreign  Adv.  Representative 

222  Fifth  Avenue  People*  Gas  Bli}g. 

New  York  City  Chicago,  III. 


The 

Syracuse 
Post 
Standard 

The  leader  in  the  Syracuse  field. 
Largest  total  circulation. 
Largest  local  circulation. 
Largest  volume  of  advertising. 

OVER  48,000  NET 
PAID     DAILY 

PAUL  BLOCK 

INC. 
Managers  Foreign  Advertising 

Chicago    NEW  YORK     Boston 


81 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


In  1876  he  removed  from  Washing- 
ton to  California  and  took  editorial 
charge  of  a  daily  newspaper  at  Santa 
Barbara.  The  vigor  oi  his  pen,  his 
tearless  attacks  upun  everything  in  the 
shape  of  corruption  and  wrong  in  pri- 
vate and  public  Hfe,  and  his  activity 
in  working  for  the  development  of  the 
country,  attracted  attention. 

In  JSSi  the  Los  Angeies  Times  was 
begun,  and  in  ltlS2  Col.  Otis,  becoming 
part  owner,  assumed  its  editorial  man- 
agement. That  is  more  than  a  quarter 
ot  a  century  ago,  and  during  all  these 
years  Harrison  Gray  Otis  and  the  Los 
Angeles  Times  have  been  as  nearly 
synonymous  terms  as  could  be.  His 
personality  has  been  steadily  reflected 
in  the  paper  which  he  controls,  and  of 
which  he  is  the  chief  owner.  For  years 
he  did  the  main  editorial  work  on  it; 
but  the  leader  fully  accords  to  his  men 
full  credit  for  their  part  in  making 
the  Times  what  it  is — one  of  the  fore- 
most newspapers  in  the  entire  field  of 
journalism. 

The  qualities  of  character  and  the 
type  of  ability  shown  by  him  in  his 
own  personality,  and  in  his  work,  have 
made  The  Times  the  great  newspaper 
it  is,  worthily  representing  the  high 
type  of  manhood  and  womanhood 
which  distinguishes  its  clientele,  and 
have  converted  the  little  four-page 
quarto  of  1882,  with  less  than  1,000 
subscribers  into  the  great  modern  news- 
paper of  1907,  containing  from  24  to 
32  pages  daily,  and  from  112  to  140 
pages  on  Sundays,  including  a  superb 
Sunday  Magazine ;  the  daily  having  a 
regular  issue  of  50.000  copies,  a  Sun- 
day issue  of  75,000,  and  special  edi- 
tions numbering  100,000  and  over.  To 
produce  such  a  sheet  has  required  a 
capacious  and  frequently-enlarged 
building,  bristling  with  modern  print- 
ing machinery  and  alive  with  a  multi- 
tude of  loyal  and  skillful  workers  in 
all  departments.  There  is  an  auxiliary 
plant,   fully  equipped   for  producing  the 


paper  without  a  break,  in  the  event  of 
disaster,  in  JO  years  of  expansion,  Los 
Angeles  has  grown  from  a  population 
of  12,000  in  1882  to  319,198  in  1912. 

These  evidences  of  success  achieved 
tell  their  own  significant  story;  yet  the 
elements  of  that  success  are  neither 
numerous  nor  complex.  The  striking 
qualities  of  General  Otis'  editorial  work 
are  strength,  directness  of  statement, 
conciseness  in  phrase  and  clarity  of  ex- 
pression. He  is  a  past-master  in  the 
use  of  terse,  idiomatic  English,  invar- 
iably using  the  right  word  in  the  right 
place,  and  never  using  words  excepting 
in  their  accurate,  universally-accepted 
meaning. 

His  is  the  very  acme  of  a  clear  and 
vigorous  style,  and  especially  a  style 
that  counts  and  tells  in  editorial  work. 
He  has,  however,  never  confined  his 
work  to  the  editorial  page  merely,  but 
has  been  active  all  along  the  line  of 
management  and  control.  His  course 
has  produced  its  logical  results.  The 
Times  is  a  conspicuous  example  of  a 
public  journal  possessing  the  advantages 
of  a  continuous  policy  under  a  continu- 
ous management. 

There  is  but  one  more  element  of  edi- 
torial character  necessary  to  portray  in 
order  to  illustrate  what  this  stalwart 
man  has  wrought  through  the  Times. 
That  is  a  firm  hold  on  principle  for  its 
own  sake  and  in  preference  to  all  lesser 
and  less  worthy  considerations.  After 
all,  this  is  what  has  made  the  Los  An- 
geles Times  the  journal  it  has  been,  and 
is.  under  the  editorial  guidance  of  Gen. 
Harrison  Gray  Otis. 

The  Los  Angeles  Times  is  recognized 
throughout  the  country  as  the  original 
and  foremost  champion  of  the  great 
principle  of  industrial  freedom.  It  is 
not  only  the  foremost,  but  the  boldest, 
the  most  aggressive  and  persistent 
champion  of  that  vital  cause.  It  has 
been  the  fate  or  the  fortune  of  the 
Times  to  fight,  and  to  win,  one  of  the 


most  stubbornly  contested  battles  for  unions  in  1890,  and  ended  in  the  com- 
Ihe  rfght  of  employers  to  control  their  plete  triumph  of  "the  Rock  of  Los  An- 
own  property  and  regulate  their  own  geles"  and  his  associates  of  the  Times- 
affairs,    under    the   law,    that    ever   took  Mirror  Co. 

place  in  this  country.    That  conflict  was  Stalwart   of   frame,   with   a   powerful 

causelessly    begun    by   the   typographical  constitution,     and     possessing     rational 


TREMT© 


Famous  and  a  success  as 

A  Try  Out  City 

Not  only  a  testing  ground 
for  presidents  but 

A  Make  Good  City 

For  250  National  Advertisers 

during  1912 

and  112  National  Advertisers 

in  March  1913 


TrentoinL  Timmes 

A  100,000  city  with  Million=a=Month  Pay  Roll 
A     25,000     net    circulation 
covering  75  suburban  towns 


=S)inniii 


220  Fifth  Avenue 
NEW  YORK 


Peoples  Gas  BIdg. 
CHICAGO 


For  Today  and  for  Posterity 

The  Brooklyn 
Daily  Eagle 

LINEN    PAPER    EDITION 


On  file  in  the  Principal  Libraries  of  the  country. 


Brooklyn 

with  its  home  population  of  1,750,000,  and  its 
annual  growth  of  over  55,000,  is  a  worth-while 
field  for  general  advertisers.  It  can  be  ade- 
quately covered  by  the  Brooklyn  Eagle,  the 
paper  that  carries  the  second  largest  amount 
of  advertising  of  all  the  newspapers  in  Greater 
New  York. 


A  Modern  City 


Almost  in  the  center  of  one-third  of  the  population  of  the 
United  States,  Paterson,  New  Jersey,  holds  a  strategic  posi- 
tion that  the  wise  advertiser  cannot  fail  to  appreciate. 

Paterson  is  the  third  city  of  New  Jersey  and  twent}'- 
fourth  in  the  United  States  in  manufactures. 

An  advertiser  likes  to  appeal  to  an  intelligent  audience, 
because  he  knows  that  they  can  best  appreciate  and  are  most 
likely  to  respond  to  his   selling  arguments. 

A  Modern  Ne\vspaper 

The  Paterson  Press  is  Paterson's  most  modern  and  up-to- 
date  newspaper. 

It  reaches  90  per  cent,  of  the  thinking  men  and  women 
of  Paterson  every  evening.  The  purchasing  power  of  its  cir- 
culation far  exceeds  that  of  any  other  evening  paper  in  the 
City. 

It  refuses  all  objectionable  advertising,  medical  and  other- 
wise, maintains  its  rates,  and  is  considered  by  prominent  men 
in  all  walks  of  life  to  be  the  best  and  most  influential  paper  in 
Paterson,  and  that  kind  of  a  newspaper  alisrays  brings 
results. 


PRESS-CHRONICLE  CO. 

Paterson,  N.  J. 


Publishers 


Paterson  Press — Sunday  Chronicle 

W.  B.  Bryant,  General  Manager 
Payne  &  Young,  Foreign  Representatives 


82 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER   AND    JOURNALIST 


The  predominance  of  the 
Star  in  Washington  is  more 
striking  now  than  at  any  time 
in  its  60  years  of  successful  and 
steady  growth. 

It  stands  the  acid  test  in 
every  particular.  The  compe- 
tition in  Washington  is  no 
longer  for  first  place  in  either 
circulation  or  advertising.  No 
city  is  covered  more  thoroughly 
by  one  newspaper  than  is  ^^'ash- 
ington  by  the  Star  with  its  one 
edition  published  every  alter- 
noon  at  3  o'clock. 

The  net  paid  circulation  of 
this  one  edition  is  now  70,000 
each  day ;  97  per  cent,  is  in  the 
city  proper,  or  within  25  miles 
of  the  Capital.  Only  3  per  cent, 
beyond  that  distance. 

The  Star  carries  practically 
all  of  the  general  high  class  ad- 
vertising that  comes  to  Wash- 
ington, much  of  it  exclusively. 
The  Department  Stores  spend 
more  money  in  the  Evening 
Star  every  year  than  in  all  the 
other  dailies  added  together 
and  multiplied  by  two. 


PRESIDENT  mmn  msm  to  cohcress.  ■ 


QUARTERLY  REPORT 


CIRCULATION 


ADVERTISING 


3,SU^4|BM 


There  is  more  paid  classified 
advertising  in  the  Star  than  in 
all  of  the  other  dailies  combined. 

For  the  past  year  or  more 
the  Star  has  run  conspicuously 
in  its  columns  the  following  no- 
tice: 

"The  Star  will  be  glad  to 
have  its  attention  called  to  any 
misleading  or  untrue  statement 
if  such  should  appear  at  any 
time  in  any  advertisement  in  its 
columns.  Readers  are  re- 
quested to  assist  in  protecting 
themselves  and  legitimate  ad- 
vertisers." 

The  Star  goes  further  and 
eliminates  all  distasteful  adver- 
tising and  imitation  readers. 

Notwithstanding  these  rigid 
restrictions  there  are  but  few 
papers  in  the  country  that  carry 
a  greater  volume  of  advertising 
and  the  confidence  of  the  reader 
insures  results  universally  to  its 
advertisers. 

The  Star  is  represented  in 
New  York  by  Mr.  Dan  A.  Car- 
roll, Tribune  Building,  and  in 
Chicago  by  Mr.  W.  Y.  Perry, 
First  National  Bank  Building. 


POPFPASSFR 
M 


llr>77      TDT/r\7i^       T/^       7j  7?  OT  >^  n  I?       niPAr^T?       TAT       n/TT?VT/~^r\     t 


WILSON  HOLDS  ip^'^^PftiT 'phqne 


aa  33  33 
33  33  33. 
33:33  33 
33  33  33 
33  33.33 
33  33  33 
33  33  33 


.3-^ 


33  33,33  33 
33  33  33  33 
33  33  33  33 
33  33  33  33 
33  33  33  31 
33  33  33  33 
33  33  33  m 


New  Free  Press 
Housing  New 


Building, 
Plant. 


IVAL 

SSOF 
TATESi: 


Great  Achievements 

mark  our  82nd  Year! 


and  these  great  achievements  are  on  \y  in 
turn  have  achieved   for  our  advertisers. 

The    Formal    Opening    of    Our    Ne 

Building 

On    May    1st    will    be    but    another    epoch 
the  march  of  progress  that  keeps  the  Detr( 
Free   Press  far    in  the   forefront,   and   at   tl 

Celebrate   Our   82d  Anniversary. 


ili^Captain  Hood  of  Dread-    =- — 


proportion  to  the  great  things  we  ii 

The  Largest  Year's  Business  in   Ou 

History 

Is  still  another  achievement  of  the  twelv 
months  just  past,  further  proving  the  effic 
ency   of    the    Detr  -     '^  - 


gette 
The 


Press 


:sult 


iday   Detroit   Free   Press 

Goes  to  upwards  of  500,000  readers  every 
Sunday— a  splendid  and  fertile  field  for  bctJi 
National    and    local    advertisers. 

The  Morning  Detroit  Free  Press 

Dominates   tl 

claimed     by 


mc 

rning   field    \v 

th 

its   76.0011 

::ula 

ion— THREE 

mes     that 

nv 

other     mornir 

s    largest    2c. 

of   New    York. 

Permanently  Passed  the  100,000  Cir- 
culation   Mark. 

The  average  net  paid  circulation  of  the  Sun- 
day Detroit  Free  Press  having  reached  and 
passed  the  105,000  mark,  without  the  aid  of 
padding  or    "Bull    Dog"   editions. 

DETROIT-MICHIGAN 

VERREE  &  CONKLIN,  Inc.,  Representatives 

NEW  YORK,  N.Y.,  Bnmswick  Building  CHICAGO   ILL     Steger  Boildii 


-_ Inomiiiirrnnn  winim 


83 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 

habits   General  Otis  fortunately  liad  the  prison.    The  result  was  a  full  vindica-  editorial  rooms  were  at  9  Ste.  Therese  200  picks  and  300  shovels,  together  wltfi 

strenRth  to   toil   during  a  quarter  of  a  tion   of   General   Otis'   contention,   and  street.  200  cartage  sleighs,  to  commence  opera- 

centurv   at  the  head  of  the  Times  pha-  brought   world-wide   fame  to  Detective       The  old  buildings  in  which  the  paper  tions  m  clearmg  the  streets  ot  Montreal, 

lanx    in   the  arduous   work  of  creating  Burns.  started  are  no  longer  in  existence;   the  Apply    at   the   Star   oftice   on   .Monday, 

the'  'noble    journal    which    he    loves    so  The    Los     Angeles     Times— phoenix-  conditions  in  which  it  was  at  first  pub-  In  an  editorial,  the  newspaper  promised 

much    and    which    has   become   part   of  like— has  arisen    from    its  ashes  and   is  lished    have  changed   almost  absolutely,  to  advance  the  money  for  the  work,  and 

his   life      His   strong  right   arm  in  the  once  more,   as   it  always  has  been,  the  The  Montreal  of  that  day  had  a  popu-  announced  that  a  mandamus  would  be 

discharee    of    his    taxing    tasks    is    his  champion   of  law,   order  and  individual  lation  of  one  hundred  thousand,  to-day  taken  out  against  the  city  surveyor  and 

stalwart  and  capable 'son-in-law,  Harry  liberty.     It  stands  far  higher  in  the  es-  it    has    half   a    million;    then    it    was    a  aldermen     This  was  on  a  Saturday   and 

Chandler,   who  has  borne   a   large  part  timation  of  the  American  people  than  it  slowly    growing    town    amid    somewhat  on  Monday  the  Stars  l^^ick  and^snoyei 
in  the  later  uevelopment  of  the  paper. 


ever  did  before 

THE   MONTREAL  LA   PRESSE. 

The  founder  of  La  Presse  was  VV.  E. 
Blumhart,  and  its  first  oftice  of  publica- 
tion was  at  1.5-lU  Notre  Uame  street — 
opposite  the  City  Hall  and  alongside  the 
historic     Chateau     de     Ramesay.       The 


sleepy    surroundings,    to  day    it    is    the    Brigade    was    formed 
commercial      and      financial     center     of 
the     Dominion.      The     Star     developed 
with  the  city  and  the  nation,  Mr.  Gra- 
ham grew  witli  tlie  growth  of  both. 

In  .\pril,  1S70,  the  business  oflice  was 
lemoved  to  8U  Little  St.  James  street, 
and   in  ."August   to  yl    St.  James  street. 


hundreds   more 


arly   days  of  La  Presse  were  times  of     where  it  remained  until  April  22,  1S74, 


frequent  changes.  Mr.  Blumhart' 
health  failed  shortly  after  the  paper  ap- 
peared, and  it  changed  hands  several 
times  until,  in  November,  188l>,  twenty- 
two  years  ago,  it  was  acquired  by  Mr. 
TrefHe     Berthiaume, 


when  024  Craig  street  became  the  lo- 
cation of  the  struggle  for  success.  Back 
of  this  Imilding  was  located  the 
Racquet  Court,  which  was  torn  down, 
and  a  new  building  erected  and  occupied 
present     pro-    by  the  Star  from  1880  to  1900,  when  the 

prietor.  handsome  structure  on  St.  James  street. 

La  Presse  had  already  established  it-     occupied    by    the    paper   of    later    times, 

self  as  one  of  the  newspapers  of  Mont-    „as    constructed    to    meet    the    growing 

real.      The    future    was    Dy    no    means    requirements  of  the  journal. 

lirigbt,  but  the  new  proprietor  was  not        During   188.J   an  old-time  trouble    de- 


daunted  liy  dilificulties 
resolutely,     equipped 
practical    training,   and    with   the   deter- 
mination to  make  La  Presse  the  national 
paper  of  the  French  Canadian  people. 
The    foundation   of    La    Presse    madi 


He  set  to  work  veloped"in  Montreal  to  most  alarming 
ith  a  splendid  oroportions.  Smallpox,  owing  to  pop- 
ular prejudice  among  the  French-Cana- 
dians against  vaccination,  and  to  an  oft- 
expressed  belief  by  practising  medical 
men   among   that   section   of   the  people 


During  her  lifetime  he  was  continu- 
ally aided  by  his  noble,  loyal  and  bril- 
liant wife,  Mrs.  Lliza  A.  Otis,  whose 
editorial,  poetical  and  other  contribu- 
tions to  the  Times  went  far  toward 
making  it.  Of  all  the  hard  blows  re- 
ceived .and  unflinchingly  borne  by 
her  bereft  husband  in  the  fierce  battle 
of  lif  J,  the  hardest  was  the  loss  oi  the 
"'         ■     ■        ■  ■  ife  of  his  youth 


:poch  in  the  newspaper  history  of    that  the   vaccine   supplied   for   the   pur 
French  Canada.    It  was  the  first  French    pQ^g  ^^gs  not  pure,  had  been  frequently 
paper  published  strictly  as  a  vehicle  of    epidemic    in    ilontreal,    notably    in    the 
'    ■    '      -'"'"'   "S  distinct   from    yg^^s     ibetween    ,1872-1881,     when     the 
was  to  give  all    deaths   totaled  4,911.     In   1885   the   dis- 
the    most    complete    and    g^^j.    developed    again    and    spread    rap- 
dly.       The     deaths     numbered     six     in 
April,   forty-six  in   July,   and  forty-five 


id  information 
a  party  organ.  Its  ai 
the    news, 

readable    manner,    together    with    other 
matter    and    information   most   interest 


OI^IVES  S.  KEBSHUAIT. 


than  the  number  mentioned  came  for- 
ward, including  all  classes  of  the  com- 
munity. Stirred  into  action,  (he  civic 
authorities    continued    the'   work    com- 


Nov.  12,  1904, 

On  October  1,  1910,  occurred  the  dyna- 
mite explosion  that  wrecked  and  set  fire 

to  the  building  of  the  Los  Angeles  j^  (he  Province  of  Quebec,  he  was  edu- 
Times,  and  killed  twenty-one  of  the  em-  g^t^j  (here  and  at  the  college  at  St. 
ployes.     General   Otis  immediately  took    Hyacinthe. 

the' ground  that  this  was  a  dastardly  act  ^fjer  working  for  a  number  of  years 
of  revenge  on  the  part  of  labor  unionists    ^j   ^   practical   printer,   he    founded  th 


to   the  reading  public.     The  public    j„  t,he  next  two  weeks  of  August.     On 
was   not   slow   to   recognize   and  appre-    ^ug.  15  the  Star  drew  attention  to  the  fenced 'by  the"pick  "and  shovel  brigade ; 
-ate  this  new^  departure  in  journahsm.    situation,     pointed     out     the    conditions  t^g    streets    were    cleared,    traffic    was 
surrounding  the  previous  epidemics,  and  ^jpened  up,  and  the  work  of  the  city  re- 
declared  that  the  400  cases  then  existing  gumed. 

the    city    indicated    another    and    a  Qn  Oct    5.   1899.  when  war  with  the 

■Vaccination  was  advocated  Transvaal     became     imminent— coupled 
with    obvious    complications    in    Europe 

many  occasions  tne  btar  urged  tne  pass-  ^yjjich   made  a  great   international   con- 

■_  of  civic  by-laws  for  (1)  compulsory  jij^t    possible— the     Star    declared    edi- 

vaccination  of  infants;    (2)    an  efficient  torially  that  the  Canadian  Government's 

-■"         "'          '"' """'           ''^^    '''°  "naction    was    disgraceful,    and    on    the 


and  as  a  result  the  growth  of  circula 
tion  w^as  rapid. 
The   Hon.   T.    Bertliiau 

Crete  example  of  what  a  man  may  ac-    severe  oi.^       ,  „^^...ui.„..   ..„.<  

■beautilul  and  gracious  wife  of  his  youth    gompijsh    through   courage,    energy,    de-    ^„^   pressed    upon    the    people,    am 
and  of^hi^s^mature  manhood.     She  died    termination  and  faith  in  his  own  ability    ^^ny  occasions  the  Star  urged  the 
^^  make  a  success  of  anything  he  under- 
takes. ,„^^,.,„,.,^..      ^x      ,...«.....,       ^-y       ^ 

Born  on  Aug.  i  1848,  at  St.  Hughes    gygtem  of   sanitary  inspection;    (3)    th 


and,  with  his  indomitable  fighting  spirit    Gephardt     Berthiaume     Lithograph 
fully    aroused,     set    out 
William  J.  Burns,  the  emii 


reorganization  of  the  board  of  health ; 
(4)  a  compulsory  system  of  birth  regis- 
tration. 

The  inertia  of  the  authorities  and  of 
the  people  was  hard  to  overcome,  but 
Mr.  Graham  fought  personally  as  well 
Printing  Co.,  of  Montreal,  and  was  also  ^^  through  his  paper  for  the  interests  of 
associated  in  the  publication  of  Le  jj^^  ^jty  jj^.  ^^^s  appointed,  with  six 
Monde  lllnstre,  an  illustrated  weekly  others,  on  a  civic  health  committee 
well  and  favorably  known  in  Montreal  ^y,.|jg^  undertook  a  vigorous  campaign 
some  3'_ears  ago.  f^r  vaccination  and  isolation,  backed  up 

In  November,  1889,  Mr  Berthiaume  ^j  ^^,^^^  p^j^j  by  the  pressure  of  the 
became  proprietor  of  La  Presse,  which  g^^^.  ^^^^^^  py|^,|g  opjnjon  Failing  to 
at  that  time  was  a  small  struggling  pub-  gi^tai,,  bv  ordinary  means  the  use  of 
lication,  and  by  1904  (when  he  disposed  jheir  buildings  from  the  Exhibition 
of  it  to  a  joint  stock  company),  had  authorities  as  an  isolation  hospital,  Mr. 
built  up   Its  circulation  until  it  had  the    Graham    got    a    requisition    to    call    out 


following  day  specifically  urged  the  im- 
mediate sending  of  a  large  contingent 
of  troops  from  the  Dominion.  The  re- 
sponse was   an  avalanche  of  telegrams, 


largest    distribution    of    any    Canadian 
daily  newspaper. 

He    repurchased    it    in    1906    and   has 

since    published   it    entirely   independent 

of    all   political   parties,    of   all   factions, 

or  of  any  individual  group  of  interests, 

THE  MONTREAL  STAR. 

The   origin,    struggles,    progress,    suc- 
cess and  policies  of  a  great  newspaper    before  the  end  of  the  year, 
make  up  an  ever  interesting  and  impor-        In    1887    the    Star    initiated,    and    Mr. 
tant  record.     When  to  these  conditions    Graham  personally  organized,  a  fresh  air 
added   the   further  one  of   a   striking    fund    by    which,    in    this    year    and    for 


the  troops  and  himself  took  possession 
and  turned  the  great  structure  into  pub- 
lic service  for  the  patients  who  were 
now  dying  at  the  rate  of  a  hundred  a 
week.  But  the  campaign  of  the  paper 
and  of  Mr.  Graham,  backed  up  by  in- 
telligent citizens,  now  had  its  effect,  and 
the   back    of   the    epidemic    was    broken 


JAS.   GOEDON   BENNETT 

was  set  to  work  and,  after  months  of 


personality  behind  the  enterprise  as  a 
business,  and  within  the  newspaper  as  a 
journalistic  force,  the  historical  record 
is  still  more  attractive.  It  was  two 
years  after  confederation  that  the  Mont- 
real Star  was  founded  by  an  ambitious 
voung    man  with    a   certai 


each  succeeding  year,  sums  of  money 
were  collected  for  the  purpose  of  giving 
working  mothers  and  poor  children  a 
glimpse  of  country  life  and  a  bit  of 
country  health.  More  than  100,000 
nen    and    children    were   thus   helped 


THE   EI.DEB  BENNETT. 


shrewdness  and,  linally,  a  large  summer  home  and  letters  and  messages,  urging  action,  and 
investigations,  he  arrested  the  two  Mc-  'of  disposition,  with  a  few  years'  ex-  grounds  were  personally  provided  by  in  many  cases  volunteering  personally 
Namara  brothers,  national  labor  leaders,  perience  as  a  bookkeeper  and  business  Graham.  for  the  front.  On  Oct.  9,  10,  11,  the 
and  charged  them  as  being  the  princi-  manager  on  other  papers,  with  plenty  During  the  following  year  a  unique  Star  published  hundreds  of  telegrams 
pals  in  the  great  crime.  of  pluck  and  something  under  a  bun-  incident  occurred  in  connection  with  ac-  and  whole  pages  of  messages  which  de- 
Their  arrest  was  the  cause  of  a  great  dred  dollars  in  cash  capital.  Associated  cumulations  of  ice  and  snow  and  win-  manded  prompt  Government  action,  and 
hue  and  cry  throughout  the  entire  coun-  with  Hugh  Graham  in  this  extraordi-  ter  filth  which  had  made  the  streets  oi  on  Oct.  11  it  was  announced  that  a  con- 
try  about  persecution  of  labor  leaders,  nary  undertaking  was  a  brilliant  jour-  Montreal  impassable,  stopped  the  street  tingent  of  1,000  would  go  at  once, 
and  the  arrested  men  were  hailed  as  nalistic  writer  of  that  day,  George  T.  car  busses  of  that  period,  and  buried  The  Star  then  took  up  the  question 
martyrs,  but  these  cries  were  hushed  Lanigan.  'The  first  issue  of  the  paper  the  street  car  tracks.  After  repeatedly  of  paying  the  expenses  of  these  and 
when,  upon  being  brought  to  trial,  the  was  on  Jan.  16,  i809,  under  the  name  of  urging  the  citv  council  to  action,  the  other  troops  who  might  go  to  the  front, 
two  McNamaras  made  full  confession  the  Evening  Star,  the  business  office  Star,  on  April  7,  1888,  published  the  fol-  and  on  the  1.3th  editorially  described 
and   were   sentenced   to   long   terms   in    was  at  64  St.  James  street,  and  the  tiny  lowing;  "The  Star  wants  500  men,  with  the  Government  as  "Cowards  in  Coun- 

84 


THE  EDITOR  AND   PUBLISHER  AND   JOURNALIST 


The  Only  Paper  That  Does  Not  Get 
or  Maintain  Its  Circulation  in  Indian- 


apolis    by     Solicitation,    Contests 
Premiums  is 


or 


The  Evening  and  Sunday  Sun 

Second  Largest  City  Circulation  in  Indianapolis, 
and  All  Voluntary  Circulation.  Not  Bought  by 
Solicitors,  Contests  or  Premiums. 


WHAT  CONSTITUTES  A  GREAT  NEWSPAPER 

And  the  greatest  of  these  is  Accuracy. 

Disposition,  as  in  human  beings,  is  likewise  an  element 
making  for  success  or  failure,  and  it  is  only  those  newspapers 
that  have  kept  themselves  sweet  and  wholesome,  optimistic  and 
cheerful,  that  have  preserved  an  abiding  faith  in  humanity  and 
an  ever  present  sympathy  for  its  weaknesses  and  failures,  that 
can  be  called  trul)-  great. 

Sensationalizing  that  imperils  business  and  property  rights, 
that  destroys  character  or  reputation  ;  Crusading  that  engenders 
spite,  envy  and  hatred,  that  arrays  or  seeks  to  array  class  against 
class  and  man  against  man — these  are  the  Scylla  and  Charybdis 
between  which  the  newspaper  that  would  be  great  and  useful 
must  steer  with  unerring  accuracy  and  care. 

NINETY-FIVE   PER    CENT.    ACCURATE. 

Once  upon  a  time,  not  so  very  long  ago,  the  Mayor  of  the 
City  of  Cincinnati  summoned  to  his  ollice  all  of  the  Cit}'  Hall 
reporters.  Some  of  them,  influenced  doubtless  by  their  editors, 
had  been  shaping  news  with  reference  to  certain  editorial  policies, 
while  others,  through  indifference  or  design,  or  for  personal 
reasons,  had  been  guilty  of  misstatement  of  fact.  When  all  were 
assembled,  the  Mayor  reproved  the  tergiversators,  and  admon- 
ished them  to  be  truthful  and  accurate,  concluding  with  the 
following  statement : 

"The  Enquirer  is  a  daily  chronicle  of  the  world's  events. 
It  may  be  depended  upon  as  being'  ninety-five  per  cent,  accurate, 
which  is  so  close  to  absolute  accuracy  that  its  statements  may 
be  looked  upon  as  an  official  program  of  events  as  they  happen 
from  day  to  da}^  It  does  not  color  its  news,  and  hence,  if  fifty 
3'ears  from  now  one  would  desire  to  refer  to  the  past,  a  perusal 
of  The  Enquirer  would  give  data  with  an  exactness  only  to  be 
found  in  the  best  history.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  it  is  looked 
upon  as  the  greatest  paper  of  the  day." 

In  that  epigrammatic  statement  the  whole  secret  of  the 
supremac}'  of  The  Cincinnati  Enquirer  is  told.  The  religious,  the 
educational,  the  business,  the  financial,  the  sporting  world  for 
more  than  70  years  has  endorsed  and  emphasized  the  declaration 
of  the  Mayor  of  Cincinnati,  and  has  evidenced  it  b}'  a  steadily 
increasing  patronage. 


Attractiveness  -  Comprehensiveness  -  Accuracy 


THE 
TRINITY  

The  supremacy  of  The  Cincinnati  Enquirer  has  not  been 
builded  upon  chance  or  fortuitous  happening,  but  upon  the  bed- 
rock of  intelligence,,  enterprise,  integrity  and  accuracy.  It  has 
never  crusaded  for  the  furtherance  of  personal  ambition,  costly  to 
the  public  and  subyersi^•e  of  its  institutions,  nor  has  it  ever  advo- 
cated wild  and  untried  theories  dangerous  to  the  industrial, 
commercial  and  financial  prosperity  of  city,  State  and  nation,  but 
it  has  undeviatingly,  unwaveringly  and  fearlessly  recorded  his- 
tory as  it  has  been  made,  concednig  to  its  world  wide  and  intelli- 
gent constituents  the  right  to  interpret  the  actions  of  men  and 
institutions. 

That  is  why,  after  the  lapse  of  nearly  three-quarters  of  a 
century,  The  Cincinnati  Enquirer  stands  pre-eminent  among- 
American  newspapers,  justifying  m  every  sense  the  encomium 
of  "The  Greatest  Newspaper  of  the  Day." 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  outline  the  scope  and  eft'ectiveness 
of  the  incomparable  newsgathering  machine,  builded  through 
the  years  with  tireless  energy  and  unremitting  care.  Allied  with 
the  Associated  Press,  the  greatest  newsgathering  organization  of 
this  or  an}'  other  time,  maintaining  its  own  leased  wire  service  to 
the  great  marts  of  trade,  of  social  and  scientific  activity,  culti- 
vating and  holding  warm  reciprocal  relations  with  the  greatest 
newspapers  in  strategic  news  positions.  The  Enquirer  adds  still 
further  to  the  perfection  of  its  newsgathering  organization  by 
the  employment  of  more  than  2,500  correspondents,  covering 
every  city  and  town  of  anj-  importance  in  Canada,  the  United 
States  and  Mexico.  The  retention  of  trained  correspondents  in 
the  great  capitals  of  the  world  across  the  waters  makes  the  news- 
gathering  organization  complete  and  all  comprehensive. 

Because  it  is  neither  boastful  nor  faultfinding,  but  truthful, 
simple,  honest  and  progressive,  with  a  world-wide  reputation  for 
dependability,  The  Cincinnati  Enquirer  is  warml}'  welcomed  by 
its  eager  readers  wherever  it  goes.  It  neither  sacrifices  its  inde- 
pendence, its  dress  nor  its  make-up  to  the  dictatorial  advertiser, 
but  first,  last  and  all  the  time  exerts  every  vibrant  fibre  of  its 
organization  for  the  benefit  and  enlightenment  of  its  readers. 
The  discriminating  advertiser  chooses  its  columns  because  The 
Enquirer  brings  to  the  threshold  of  the  seller  a  high  class,  intelli- 
gent and  desirable  throng  of  buyers. 


85 


Tttfc  lEDltOR  And   pUSL1SM£R  and  JOtTRNALtST 


r\V'  (or  not  takine  decisive  action  along  carried  on,  and  at  the  next  Parliamen-  has  been  an  active,  interesting  and  pros-  pa.,  and  the  subscription  to  the  Gazette 
tl  k  ine  Meanwhile  great  public  inter-  tary  session  an  amendment  was  passed  Perous  one,  yie  ding  agreeable  revenues  ^as  reduced  to  $2  per  year.  The  feel- 
tms  une.     -^"^'Ylt    n  the  statement  that    repealing  the  misapplied  clauses  in  the    and  attaining  desirable  reputation.  j^g    between    the    Federdist    and    anti- 


est  had  been  .^ -  -,-;,,--,  j 

a   friend  of  Sir  C.  Tupper  had   volun-    code  and  the  lottery  shops  and  agencies 

teered  to  insure  the  lives  of  the  troops    promptly  went  out  of  business. 

to  the  amount  of  a  million  dollars.   The  j^g    kaNSAS    CITY   STAR. 

name  was  not  made  known,  and  it  only 

transpired    years    afterwards    that    Mr. 

Hugh    Graham    was    the    donor    of    the    importance, 

large  sum   of  money  which 

been  required  for  premiums. 


wspaper  that,  at  the  outset,  joins  Federalist  parties  running  high,  the  Ga- 
its destiny  to  that  of  its  community,  ae-  ^ette    suported    the    Washington    party, 
terrained    to    win   success    lor   itself   by  Mr.   Brackenridge  withdrew   and  edited 
striving  continually  for  advancement  for  ^^e  Tree  of  Life. 
September  18.  1880,  is  a  date  of  some    the  town,  to  encourage  the  making  of  xhe  war  of  1812  was  opposed  by  the 
,u.    „.    ...^    ...iportance.     At   Chicago,   on  that   day,    'hat  town  a  better,  and  better,  ana  yet  Gazette  until  actual  fighting  began,  when 
must  have    Maud    S.,    by   traveling    at    an    average    ever  better  place  to  hve  in  and  to  do  jt   became    a   staunch    supporter   of   the 
speed  of  a  fraction  of  an  inch  over  forty    business  in  and  to  be  proud  of— such  a  Government, 
efficient    and    feet  a   second,  achieved  the   fastest  re-    newspaper,    when    passing    years    have  j^bn    Scull    retired   from  the   Gazette 


J.U  ,M  t'rTthe  FmDire  in  tie  t  me  of    corded  mile  that  a  horse  had  ever  trot-    demonstrated  its  purpose,  must  lind  that    Aug.    1, 
mple  aid  to  the  t-mpire  in  tne  time  oi    ^^j_.^ . ^^^  it  bas  a  unique  place  in  the  community,    Morgan 


1816.     He    was    succeeded    by 

_     ,.  Morgan   Neville  as   editor  and  his  son. 

On  that  same  day,  in  Kansas  City,  a  place  impossible  of  attainment  by  any  j^bn  I.  Scull,  as  business  manager.  The 
Mo.,  there  appeared  the  first  issue  of  a  intlividual  or  by  any  other  institution,  paper  passed  into  the  control  of  David 
small  but  snappy  paper  which,  proclaim-  '^o  individual,  no  other  institution  is  a^j  m.  McLean  in  1822,  who  published 
ing  itself  to  be  a  good  and  timely  thing,  given  such  responsibilities  or  must  meet  jt  for  five  years,  when  Neville  B.  i^raig 
declared  that  it  had  "come  to  stay."  This  such  requirements,  in  such  a  newspaper  became  owner.  Under  his  administra- 
confident  journalistic  youngster  con-  is  concentrated  a  range  of  endeavor  im-  tjo^  the  paper  prospered  and  became 
sisted  of  four  small  pages  of  si.K  narrow  possible  to  any  indnidual,  and  it  takes 
columns  each,  and  upon  its  brow  was  on  the  quality  ot  Liii/tJNSlili:',  a 
printed,  in  nice  Old  English  te.xt:  quahiy    denied    to    the   product    ot    any 

THE  KANSAS  CITY  EVENING        "'"xo'me  community,  it  must  be  guide, 
S 1 AK.  philosopher  and  Inend.    it  must  be  eth- 

Vol.  1.    No.  1.    Saturday,  September  18,    cient  in  looking  after  those  attairs  which, 
1880.     Price  Two  Cents.  'being     everybody  s    business,     are     no- 

The  price  was  two  cents  a  copy — ten  body  s.'  A  sentinel  on  the  city's  wall,  it 
cents  a  week.  The  established  morning  must  he  vigilant  in  warning  of  the  ap- 
papers  sold  for  five  cents.  In  that  day  proach  ot  tne  enem^- — the  scneming  poii- 
pennies  were  few  on  this  free  and  fes-  -tician,  tne  knavish  otiiceholder,  the  sham 
five  side  of  the  Mississippi,  so  the  Kan-  patriot,  the  entrenched  laworeaker,  the 
sas  City  Evening  Star  brought  to  town  plotter  ot  private  gain  by  the  peoples 
a  barrel  or  two  of  brand  new  minting,  aespoilment.  A  prophet  ot  ever  a 
greater  to-morrow,  it  must  preach  the 
doctrine  of  better  things  and  ot  whole- 
some dissacistaction  with  things  that  are 
unworthy.  A  perpetual  sanitary  com- 
the   puDlic  health   must   be   its 


and  advertised  the  fact 

PENNIES      AND      TWO-CENT 

PIECES    furnished   in    amounts  to 

suit  at  the  ofiice  of  the  Evening  Star, 

407    4U9  Delaware  street.  ^^^  ^.^^  -      j^.j  ^„^  lauitiness  that 

Afterward  glorious  Maud  S.  lowered    ^.^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^  ,tirelessiy  ex- 


JASOm    BOQEBS. 


CHAKLES    E.    GIIAST7. 


nnH^=".H"ti"e^iH?/tw.nl°e^"wl>^tb;    posed  to  the  Cleansing  mtluence  Ot  public    ^ell  known.     In    1833   the  Gazette  was 
onds,  and  the  little  newspaper  with  the    ^„owleoge.  Almoner-in-General,  it  must   made  a  daily  paper, 
-    ?L^     P"5'll.^l"     ?.^'^.LZTi    illummare  the  need  and  collect  the  funds    Ti    1840    AlexLc 


war  or  stress  was  maintained  through-  American  spirit  grew  as  a   sturdy  tree 

out  the  South  African  struggle,  while  a  grows,  and   developed  into  the  Kansas 

children's    patriotic    fund    was    also    es-  Gity    Star,    Evening,    Morning,    Sunday 

tablished  to  aid  the  families  of  Bn'ish  and  Weeklv.  printed  by  five  great  quad- 

soldieis  killed  or  injured  in  the  war.  To  ruple  perfecting   presses  and   one  huge 

this  150,000  children  subscribed  through  octuple,     consuming     each     day     nearly 
the  columns  of  the  Star.  Inc    '"''"*"  " 


when  calamity  calls ;  and 
sion  abuses   tne  helpless 


ander    Graham    became 

hen  oppres-    owner  of  the  Gazette,  Mr.  Craig  reirtain- 

sfortune    ing    as    editor.      Pittsburgh    had 


whole  matter  put  this  Montre 


dentally  the   thirty-eight    tons    of    pap 
real  journal    pressly  for  it  in  its  own  p 


er    made 
paper  mill. 


,viiuic  ludLuci   puL  iiiio  i.-i-v^-.L,  ..i^.  j^„......    pressiy  lor  it  in  its  own  paper  miii.  .  -         ,  -,  ^,,„-  ,^  „.^^  ,^.^,-oUr  thp    , — ,,     ,  ■^-        r        i.t 

n  a  very  clear  light  as  having  national        ^   ^   ^ot   by   chance   that   the   Star's    ^°'  and  accompl  shed  it  was  raeiely  the    held  the  position  for   12  years. 
„fl„P„./  ».  he-,  J  more  than  a  local  or    !,„„';"?„    7.„."t    r-J      Tilflr.   =»f.    standard-bearer  for  a  community  united    Mr.    Craig's   editorship  the   Ga; 


assails    the    weak,    it    must   become    the    progress    in    the    newspaper    line    then, 
conscience  of  the  community.  there  being  four  daihes,  11  weeklies,  iO 

"bo,  the  ivansas  City  btar,  Aet.  XX'V    periodicals  and  18  printing  offices, 
and  leeiing  very  well,  thank  you,  believ-       p    n.  White  on  July  20,  1841,  became 
ing  that  in  everything  that  it  has  striven    editor,    succeeding   Mr.    Craig   who   had 

Under 
influence'  as  being  more  than  "a  local  or  home'-is'Tn  Kansas"  Citv"""Bef  ore  "set-  standard-bearer  tor  a  community  united  Mr.  Craig's  editorship  the  Gazette  op- 
provincial  paper,  as  being,  in  reality,  an  fCg  down  in  the  midst  of  the  rougii-  '"  splendid  ambitions,  working  together  po^ed  the  Masons,  and  consequently  the 
imperial  factor.  During  the  following  hewn  to™n  that  th^  was  a  thirnf  ^  for  high  ideals  with  unequaled  energy  nomination  of  Clay,  until  the  retirement 
decade  this  policy  was  developed  alon|  ^eZryaTo.  the%roecT  hovered  in  sus-  -"  ""^^'f^'?",%°"frdnn:T  meS  «  °.*  ^^  ^^  ^'T'  "'°  ^'^  '"  '"'T'for 
lines  of  closer  imperial  unity  in  council  pense  and  scrutinized  the  whole  wide  ghmpse  ot  ^V^''''  '^^as  done  or  tried  to  the  paper,  whereupon  it  came  out  for 
and  commerce,  in  tariffs  and  transpor-  Western  field,  from  St.  Louis  to  San  do,  much  m  the  spirt  ot  a  trustee  mak-  Qay  and  supported  him  during  the  cam- 
tation,   in  naval   and   military  organiza-    Francisco,     with     an     estimating     and    ■"&  an  accounting  ot  a  trust.  pa,gn.  j     1.1  •  v,,     ,,, 

tion,    in    cable   systems   and   press   rela-    prophetic  eve.     This  precautionary  sur-  THE    GAZETTE-TIMES.  Messrs.     ijrooks     and     naignt     tnen 

vey  finished,   the   Star  cast  its  lot  with  THE    GA^h  1  It  lIMtS.  took    charge   of    the    Gazette    and   with 

Kansas  City  as  confidently  as  if  there  The  Pittsburgh  Gazette-Times,  origi-  other  papers  arranged  for  a  te  egraphic 
had  been  no  rival  cities  in  the  contest  nally  the  Pittsburgh  Gazette,  is  contera-  news  service,  the  hrst  west  ot  the  AUe- 
for  future  greatness  in  the  Great  West,  poraneous  with  the  settlement  that  has 
The  wisdom  of  the  decision  has  never  grown  into  the  fifth  largest  metropoli- 
fluttered  in  a  moment's  doubt.  The  tan  district  in  the  United  States.  In 
rocky,  mud-crowned  cliffs  that  shadow  point  of  continuous  publication  it  is  the 
the  Big  Muddy  were  ever  the  destined  second  oldest  newspaper  in  the  United 
eyrie  of   the  sturdiest  eagle  among  the    States. 

mid-continental  cities.  The  Pittsburgh  Gazette  was  establish- 

Diligent  solicitors  were  the  advance  ed  Julv  21),  ITSO,  as  has  been  stated  in 
agents  of  the  Star,  and  they  enrolled  the  early  part  of  our  story,  tor  some 
nearly  three  thousand  subscribers  before  years  previous  Pittsburgh  had  been  a 
publication  began,  Saturday,  September  military  post,  but  it  was  not  until  1786 
18,  in  the  little  offices,  upstairs,  at  407  that  it  developed  into  a  trading  center, 
and  409  Delaware  street.  The  first  proprietors  oi  the  paper  were 

The  Kansas  City  Evening  Star  re-  John  Scull  and  Joseph  Hall,  who  had 
ceived  a  cordial  greeting  from  populace  learned  the  printers'  trade  in  Philadel- 
and  press.  The  morning  papers  patted  phia  and  came  to  Pittsburgh  at  the  re- 
it  on  the  head  kindly  and  called  it  "the  quest  of  Henry  H.  Brackenridge,  one  of 
Twilight  Twinkler."  ^  the  fluent  writers  of  the  then  Western 

And  so  the  Star  began  to  shine.  frontier,  who  served  as  its  editor.    The 

At  the  close  of  the  first  year  the  Star    printing  outfit  was  brought  from   Phil- 
had  a  circulation  of  7,820  copies,  and  in    adelphia  on  pack  horses, 
that   first  twelve-month    the  little   craft       fhe    early    numbers    oi    the    Gazette 
i.uw=u.u      ill, 3  ,ai.^.    ^,^,,.^..1    ..u^   .-.      had  definitely  charted  the  course  it  was    ^^ere  small.     At  times  it  consisted  only  ghany     mountains.       In     1847     Erastus 
ther  indicated  bv  the  knighthood  which    to  steer  by  throughout  all  its  days.  of  half   sheets,  and  at  other  times  was   Brooks  became  editor  for  one  year,  when 

came   to   Mr    Graham   in   1908  and  the       The  first  Sunday  issue  of  the  Star  ap-    printed  on  cartridge  paper  secured  from   D.  N.  White  again  assumed  full  charge, 
chorus  of  approval  which  was  expressed    peared  April  29,  1894.  Fort  Duquesne.     Printing  paper  in  those   continuing   the   management   until    1856, 

by  the  newspapers  of   Canada,  while  it       The   continued  policy  of   the  Kansas    jays  was  scarce.  .  when  he  was  succeeded  by  D.  L.  Eaton 

was  strengthened  by  the  prominent  part  City  Star  has  been  one  of  helpfulness  the  original  subscription  trice  of  the  and  Russell  Errett,  by  whom  it  was  con- 
wliich  Sir  Hu<^h  took  at  the  Imperial  and  friendly  criticism  to  the  cornmunity  Gazette  was  i7s.  6d.  (about  $4.20)  per  ducted  until  1859,  when  a  new  organi- 
Press  Conference  of  1909  as  represent-  which  it  serves,  and  in  which  it  is  lo-  ear,  and  the  publishers  had  to  take  zation  was  formed,  consisting  of  S.  Rid- 
in-'  the  Montreal  Star  cated.  This  spirit  is  well  set  forth  in  ^^^^  ^f  ^^  {„  trade.  There  being  no  die,  Mr.  Errett.  J.  A.  Crum  and  D.  L. 
During  all  this  time  the  Star  had  'ts  Twenty-fifth  Anniversary  number,  postoffice,  Mr.  Scull  improvised  one,  and  Eaton.  This  partnership  lasted  until 
continued  its  policy  of  helping  good  published  Sept.  18,  1905,  in  which  ap-  succeeded  in  having  the  Government  put  1866  when  F.  B.  Penniman,  Josiah  King, 
causes  and  trying  to  destroy  local  evils.  Peared  the  following:  on  a  post  rider  from  Bedford,  Pa.,  to  N.  P.  Reed  and  Thomas  Houston  be- 
In  1898  it  came  to  the  rescue  of  an  his-  A  quarter-century's  endeavor.  Pittsburgh,  which  thus  b  came  a  post-  came  owners,  with  Houston  and  King  as 
toric  church  building  in  Montreal  which  "Yesterday  the  Kansas  City  Star  com-  omce  and  he  the  postmaster.  editors.  Henry  M  Long  began  as  edi- 
was  threatened  by  the  foreclosure  of  a  pleted  its  twenty-fifth  year,  and  to-day  Joseph  Hall  died  isov,  10,  li86,  and  tonal  writer  in  1877,  but  did  not  remain 
mortgage— St.  James  Methodist  Church,  it  begins  its  second  quarter-century.  The  Joan  Boyd  purchased  his  interest.  In  long  with  the  paper  selling  out  his  in- 
In  1890  a  crusade  was  initiated  career  which  began  Saturday,  September  1797  the  making  of  paper  was  com-  terest  to  George  W.  Reed  and  D.  L, 
against  lotteries ;   the  fight  was  sternly    18,  1880,  in  a  small  but  determined  way,   menced    at    Redstone,    Fayette   County,   Fleury. 


EIiBEBT    H.    BAEEB. 

tionship.     This  latter  element  was   fur 


JOHN-     B.     TO'WNSBND. 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


T'wo   Bi^   Papers   MaKe  Combination  Rate 

The 

Grand  Forks,  North  Dakota 

EVENING  TIMES 

AND 

MORNING  HERALD 

Will  in  future  have  one  rate  for  their  combined  circulation  of  over    90  000 

Owing  to  the  train  service  the  morning  and  The  following  display  rates  were  made  effect- 
evening  editions  have  less  than  3%   duplication,  ive  April  1,  1913: 

giving  each  an  individual  and  exclusive  field  in  250  agate  lines  or  less 6      cents 

a  territory  of  approximately  280,000  throughout  1399      "        "      "      "    51/2  cents 

the  north  half  of  North  Dakota.  1400      "         "      "  more 5      cents 

DEMAND  POSITION  15%  ADDITIONAL 
Carpenter-Scheerer  Special  Agency 

Foreign  Representatives  TIMES-HERALD   PUBLISHING  CO. 

FiftK  Avenue  BIdg.       Peoples  Oas  BIdg. 

NewYorR  Chicago  NORMAN  B.  BLACK,  General  Manager. 


Detroit  Saturday  Night 


is  an  established  factor  in  the  newspaper  life  of 
Detroit  and  Michigan.  Its  influence  advances 
beyond  the  bounds  of  its  home  community,  and  in 
this  larger  influence  there  have  come  both  to  the 
readers  of,  and  the  advertisers  in,  Detroit  Saturday 
Ni^ht  a  larger  measure   of  personal   profit. 

Foreign  Advertising  Representatives: 

F.  S.  KELLY  &  CO.  GEO.  H.  ALCORN 

1216  Peoples  Gas  BIdg.  "  Tribune  BIdg. 

CHICAGO  NEW  YORK 

_._, .  g^  ________ „__^__^,,___ 


THE    EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


In  1873  King,  Reed  &  Co.  took  charge 
of  the  Gazette  with  Josiah  King  as  edi- 
tor-in-diicf.  In  1877  the  Gazette  bought 
a  controlling  interest  in  the  CommerciaJ. 
a  paper  that  had  been  established  bv  C. 
D.  Bingham  in  1801  and  which  had  be- 
come noted  for  its  outsnoken  Republi- 
canism. Russell  Errett  was  political  edi- 
tor and  Col.  Richard  Real!  literary  edi- 
tor. 

Upon  the  consolidation  of  the  papers 
the  title  was  changed  to  the  Commercial 
Gazette.  Mr.  Errett  remained  as  editor 
until  he  went  to  Congress.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by   William  Anderson,  w-ho   re- 


Time  who  help  to  unfurl  the  proud  Ban-  tive  head  was  Joseph  Medill  McCor- 
ner  of  the  Stars  and  Stripes:  May  their  mick,  a  grandson  of  Joseph  Medill. 
successors  -Advocate  their  principles  and  Since  1910  James  Kcelcy.  who  joined 
Chronicle  in  their  Gazette  to  the  Ameri-  the  Tribune  staff  twenty-one  years  ago 
can  People  that  the  Spirit  of  the  Age  as  a  reporter,  has  been  general  man- 
requires  them  to  Post  their  Daybooks  ager.  Robert  R.  McCormick,  former 
and  Journals  and  receive  a  Dispatch  by  president  of  the  Chicago  sanitary  dis- 
Teleeraph  to  prove  a  welcome  Visitor  trict.  a  grandson  of  Joseph  Medill,  is 
to  the  Manufacturers  of  the  Iron  City."  president  of  the  Tribune  Co.,  and  Jo- 
Duncan  &  Dunn  became  the  owners  seph  Medill  Patterson,  another  grand- 
of  the  Chronicle  in  1849  and  published  son,  is  secretary.  The  paper  occupies 
it  until  18-51,  when  Barr  &  McDonald  several  floors  of  a  seventeen-story 
assumed  the  ownership.  In  1853  Mr.  building  erected  by  the  Tribune  in  the 
Barr  sold  his  interest  to  the  Rev.  Sam-  heart  of  Chicago's  loop  district, 
uel  Babcock,  and  in  the  following  year  The  Tribune's  daily  circulation  is  in 
Kennedy  brothers  purchased  the  paper,  excess  of  250,000  and  its  Sunday  circu- 
Charles'McKnight  became  owner  of  the  lation  is  in  excess  of  380,000.  It  has 
paper  in   1850,   publishing  it  until    180.3,  been    and    is    an    unrivaled    advertisinp 


phy's  attitude  be  described  than  in  the 
sentiments  \':>iccfl  by  President  Wood- 
row  Wiliiiii:  "Tlic  time  has  come  when 
we  nmsl  rccumiize  the  fact  that  the  man 
who  serves  will  be  the  man  who  profits." 
The  Tribune  began  to  profit  the  day 
that  it  began  to  render  service.  That 
was  the  day  wdien  Mr.  Murphy  took  it 
over.  During  the  years  that  preceded 
tile  present  regime,  the  people  of  the 
Northwest  had  come  to  look  upon  all 
newspapers  as  selfishly  seeking  their 
own  personal  profit  without  doing  very 
much  to  better  the  condition  of  the  peo- 
ple  who   read   their   columns   day   after 


medium.  Its  newspaper  accomplish- 
ments include  many  notable  "scoops" 
from  civil  war  times  to  the  present.  It 
gave  the  country  the   first  news  of  the 


P.   P.    GLASS. 

mained  in  the  positio,.  until  1900,  when 
the  paper  was  purchased  from  the  Reed 
estate  by  George  T.  Oliver.  In  1901, 
when  a  Sunday  edition  v.as  established, 
the  name  w^as  changed  to  the  original 
title,  the  Pittsburgh  Gazette.  This  was 
retained  until  1900,  when  the  Pittsburgh 
Times  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Oliver  and 
the  name  consolidated  into  the  Gazette- 
Times. 

In  editorial  policy  the  Gazette-Times 
is  an  advocate  of  Republican  principles 
and  the  maintenance  of  a  protective 
tariff. 

THE    CHRONICLE-TELEGRAPH. 

The  Pittsburgh  Chronicle-Telegraph, 
the  oldest  afternoon  newspaper  in  Pitts- 
burgh, is  under  the  same  ownership  and 
management  as  the  Pittsburgh  Gazette- 
Times. 

It  was  first  published  in  May,  1841, 
and  was  called  the  Iron  City  and  Pitts- 
burgh Weekly  Chronicle,  with  R.  G. 
Burford     as    publisher    and    J.    Herron 


when  Joseph  G.  Siebeneck  secured  con 
trol.  Joseph  Collins  bought  an  interest 
in  1874,  but  held  it  only  a  short  time. 

In  1884  the  Chronicle  was  merged 
with  the  Telegraph,  a  paper  which  had 
been  started  in  the  eaily  '70s  by  H. 
Bucher  Swoope  and  had  passed  through 
many  hands  before  its  purchase  by  the 
Chronicle.  At  this  time  Ralph  Bagga- 
ley  secured  control  of  the  paper.  Mr. 
Siebeneck  remained  as  director  and  lat- 
er as  editor  of  what  bad.  by  the  merger, 
become  the  Chronicle-Telegraph.  The  tl 
paper  was  bougnt  a  couple  of  years  lat- 
er by  Campe,  Huntington  &  Byram.  re-  of  Port  Arthur. 
maining  under  their  ownership  until  the  In  1900  Mr.  Keeley,  then  managing 
latter  part  of  1900,  when  it  was  bought  editor  of  the  Tribune,  tracked  Paul.  O 
by  George  T.  Oliver.  Stensland,   the    fugitive   bank   president. 

Soon  after  this  last  change  in  owner-  to  Morocco,  arrested  him  and  brought 
ship  the  Chronicle-Telegraph  was  pub-  him  back  to  Chicago  for  trial  and  pun- 
lished  from  the  same  plant  as  the  Com-   ishment.     In   1910  the  Tribtme  was  re- 


capti 

of    1 

Island 

.\.i. 

in    in    1803 

;   it 

gave 

th; 

;  lirsl 

t  public 

atiiHi 

.if  the  text 

of 

the 

sion 

of   the 

Xea 

Testament 

bv 

the 

"L( 

jndor 

1     Cunii 

nitlLx 

■"    in     IRSl  ; 

;    it 

publ 
the 

ishe,. 

,1    til 

e    incoi 

lu-    1; 

IX    decision 

of 

United 

States 

Sup. 

■enie     Court 

in 

1895 

in 

advance   of 

its   t 

ilelivevy   by 

the 

court : 

it   ga 

ve  the 

first 

news.    c\en 

to 

the 

Go^ 

■ernrr 

lent,   of 

the 

Battle  of   Ma- 

nila. 

Ir 

1  ]90; 

5  it  had 

a  scoop  on  the 

fall 

ial-Gazette.  now  the  Gazette-Tim ;s. 


sponsi 


bie  for  the  exposure  of  "jack  pot" 


lanagement  the  Chronicle-Telegraph 
and  the  Gazette-Times  made  great  prog- 
ress  and  the    Oliver  newspaper   institu- 


Under     their     present     ownership     and   corruption  in  the  Illinois  legislature  and 
'in   the   election   of  William  Lorimer  to 
the  United   States   Senate. 
.    .  The  Tribune  inaugurated  the  now  na- 

tion   is    among   the    leading   journalistic   tionwide  movement  for  the  sane  Fourth, 
enterprises  of   the  country.  It    started    the    good    fellow    movement 

which  annually  introduces  the  children 
of  the  poor  to  Christmas  and  Santa 
Claus.  It  operates  a  department  for  the 
distribution  of  ice  in  the  summer  in  the 
^     ,  ,     ,,       congested    districts    of    Chicago    and    a 

Ti     ^    management    o     James    Kelly    ^^^^^^  j,^     ;j^j  ^^  jhe  Fox  River  for 
t,''r^:.^!.^c":J°^^^Lb  „a£?.1"     the    women    and    children    ot    the    tene- 
ments. 

Its  social  service  departments  have 
been  increased  from  year  to  year.  They 
now  include  a  health  denartment  con- 
ducted   by    Dr.    W.    A.    Evans,    former 


THE    CHICAGO    TRIBUNE. 

The  first  issue  of  the  Cnicago  Tri- 
bune was  published  June  10,  1847,  un- 
der   the    management    of    James    Kelly, 


and  Thomas   Stewart.     Soon   afterward 
it  took  over  the  Gem  of  the   Prairie,  a 
paper    founded    in    1844    as    a    weekly 
edition  of  the  Tribune. 
In  the  spring  of  1855  Joseph  Medill 


vho    had    been    connected    with    various   Up.,i,-u     ^om 


PSANK     B.     NOTHS. 

Foster  and  William  H.  Whitney  as  edi- 
tors. In  January,  1842,  it  became  a  two- 
cent  dail)',  but  the  weeklv  w'as  continued 
at  $2  per  year. 

In  November,  1810,  a  penny  paper 
called  the  Morning  Telegraph  was  start- 
ed by  Thomas  W.  Wright  who  had  been 
connected  with  the  Chronicle.  About 
this  time  the  Morning  Clipper  was  is- 
sued bv  Bryant  &  McClellan,  but  was 
soon  merged  with  the  Morning  Tele- 
graph. 

Pittsburgh  in  1847  contained  quite  a 
number  of  dailies  and  weeklies,  as  evi- 
denced by  the  following  toast  offered  at 
a  banquet  of  printers  held  Christmas 
eve,  1847;    "The  printers  of  the  Olden 


ler  of  Chicago ;  a 
friend  of  the  peonle  denartment  for 
the  investigation  of  complaints  and  in- 
quiries regarding  public  service;  a  legal 
friend  of  the  people  to  supplv  informa- 
tion and  opinions  regarding  law,  and  a 
city  planning  department  which  under- 
takes to  direct  attention  to  needed 
changes  and  reforms  in  soc'nl.  political 
and  administrative  phases  of  the  city's 
life. 

Other  departments  are  m  charge  of 
Marion  Harland.  Lnura  Jean  Libbcy. 
Jane  Eddington  and  Lillian  Russell.  Its 
writers  include  B.  L.  T..  Ella  W.  Peat- 
tie.  Jeannette  Gilder  and  "Observer." 
Amona'  its  cartoonists  are  McCutcheon 
and  Briegs. 

The  Tribune  sunnorted  the  Progres- 
s'vc  cause  in  the  1912  election. 

THE   MINNEAPOLIS  TRIBUNE. 

The  Minneapolis   Tribune   was   estab- 
Init   its  real   history  niav 
■  from  March,  1891.  when 
purchased    it    from 
$1,000  each.     In  the  same  year  the  Chi-    Aklen  J.  "Blethei'i    for  $4.50.000.     Uo   to 
cago   Democrat,  the  city's  first  newspa-   the  time  it  was  purchased  by  Mr,  Mur- 
per,  edited  for  twenty-five  years  by  John   phy  it  was  in  debt  for  more  than  $.500,- 


newspapers  in  Ohio,  including  the 
Cleveland  Leader,  and  Dr.  Charles  H. 
Ray,  editor  of  the  Jeffersonian.  of  Ga- 
lena, III.,  met  in  Chicago  with  letters  of 
introduction  to  each  other  from  Horace 
Greeley.  They  decided  to  enter  the 
newspaper  field  in  Chicago.  Mr.  Medill 
purchased  a  third  interest  in  the  Tri- 
bune, and  Dr.  Ray  a  fourth  interest. 

In  the  eight  years  during  which  the 
Tribune  had  been  published  Chicago 
had  grown  from  10.000  to  80,000  popu- 
lation, and  Mr.  Medill  and  Dr.  Ray 
made  material  impro\ements  in  the 
newspaper  plant  to  meet  the  increasing 
opportunities,  putting  in  a  steam  press, 
introducing  copper-faced  type  and  im- 
proving the  news  and    ditorial  columns. 

The  Tribune  later  absorbed  the  Dem- 
ocratic Press,  and  in  1801  the  Tribune 
Co.  was  incorporated  by  act  of  the  leg- 
islature, with  J.  L.  Scripps,  Joseph  Me- 
dill. William  Bross,  Charles  H.  Ray, 
Alfred  Cowles  and  William  H.  Rand  as  fished 
stockholders.  The  capital  stock  con-  |,c  said  to  dale  frr 
sisted  of  200  shares  of  a  par  value  of    William    J.   MurpI 


CHAS.   HOPKINS   CI-ABE. 

day.  Early  Minnesota  newspaper  his- 
tory is  interwoven  with  small  bitter 
feuds.  The  larger  issues  were  lost  sight 
of. 

So  it  was  with  a  thrill  of  gratitude 
that  the  people  ot  the  Northwest  awoke 
to  the  fact  that  something  was  to  be 
done  for  the  benefit  of  the  entire  peo- 
ple of  the  State,  not  of  the  chosen  few 
wdio  were  seeking  political  favor  or 
prestige. 

The  first  prominent  stand  taken  by 
the  Tribune  was  when  it  auvocated  the 
taxing  of  railroad  grants  in  Minnesota. 
It  w^as  so  apparent  that  the  scope  of  the 
publication  had  enlarged,  so  patent  that 
petty  bickerings  had  been  left  behind, 
that  subscribers  rushed  to  the  institu- 
tion, and  it  was  necessary  to  reconstruct 
the  entire  producing  machinery  of  the 
publication  to  meet  the  popular  demands 
that  the  advocating  of  this  measure  had 
brought  forth. 

From  that  day  the  position  of  the  Tri- 
bune was  assured.  Its  policy  was 
known.  It  had  no  secrets  from  the  pub- 
lic,  no   destructive   schemes  to   further. 


Wentworth,   was  merged  with  the  Tri- 
bune. 

Dr.  Ray  edited   the  paper  from   1801    newspaper 
to  1803;  Mr.  Medill  from  1803  to  1800;    Northwest 
Horace  White  from   1800  to  1874.     M 
Medill   was   elected    Mai'or    of    Chica 


000.     It  is  without  a  single  debt  to-day 

and   has   the  largest   circulation   of   anv 

of     Chicago     in     the 


The  history  of  the  Tribune  up  to  the 

_  _      _  of  its  taking  over  by  Mr.  Murphy 

,n  the  intermission  in  his  newspaper  ca-  vvas  one  of  sporadic  good  and  bad  for- 

reer,   but  he  took  active  charge   of   the  tune.     To  dwell   upon  those  early  davs 

paper  again  in   1874,  having  acquired  a  would   be  to    repeat  the  historv   of   tht 

majority  of  the  stock  for  the  first  time  average    newspaper    in    the    Northwest 

and  control  of  the  paper,  which  he  ex-  when  politics,  personal  bias  and  profes- 

ercised  until  his  death  March   10,   1899.  sional   jealousy  was   rampant. 

His  son-in-law,  Robert  W.  Patterson,  The  standing  which  has  been  secured 

succeeded   him    and   operated   the  paper  and  maintained  by  the  Tribune  and  the 

until  his  death  in   1910.     During  a  part  fortune   built   up  "bv    its    proprietor   has 

of   the  time  Mr.   Patterson  was   editor-  been  the  result  of  Mr.  Murphy's  idea  of 

in-chief  of  the  paper;  the  actual  execu-  service.    In  no  better  way  can' Mr.  Mur- 

88 


B.  M.  JOHNSTON. 

It  cleared  its  skirts  of  political  broils. 
It  ceased  to  accept  political  advertise- 
ments. Last  November  the  Tribune  re- 
fused thousands  of  lines  of  political  ad- 
vertising in  spite  of  the  fact  that  its 
competitors  accepted  as  manj''  as  were 
offered.  Politics  were  confined  to  the 
news  columns.  If  it  desired  to  advo- 
cate the  candidacy  of  an3'one,  it  did  so 
without  charge. 

Mr.  Murph}^  has  had  the  foresight  to 
surround  himself  with  men  who  are  en- 
dowed with  ideals  such  as  his.  The 
walclnvord  of  the  paper  has  been 
"Service."  and  that  w^ord  is  continually 
impressed  upon  the  mind  of  everyone 
in  every  department. 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


The  Rising  Tide  That  Carries  Advertisers  to  Prosperity 

The  CHICAGO  EXAMINER'S 

Sworn  Statement  to  the  Government 


agement,   circulation,   etc.,   of   CHICAGO  DAILY  EXAMINER,  published  daily  at  Chic 


Illii 


required 


Statement  of  the  ownership, 
by  the  Act  of  August  24,  1912. 

President— Andrew  M    Lawrer.ce     1447  Dearborn  Avenue,  Chicago.  111.  Business  Manager— H.  M.  Campbell,  2244  Lincoln  Park   West,   Chicago,   111. 

Treasurer— Roy  D.   Keehn,  5703   Washington   Avenue,   Chicago,   111.  Publisher— Illinois    Publishing    and    Priming   Co. 

Secretary— Victor  H.  Polachek,  4852  Foreslville  Avenue,   Chicago,    III.  Managing     Editor- Victor    H.    Polachek,    4852     Foreslville    Avenue,     Chicago,     111. 

Owners:    (If  a   corporation,  give  names   and   addresses  of  stockholders  holding  1   per  cent,  or  more  of  total  amount  of  stock.) 
WILLIAM  RANDOLPH  HEARST,  New  York  City,  New  York. 


Daily  Average  Circulation 
CHICAGO  EXAlVIirSJER 

October 197,539 

November  ......  202,888 

December  ......  205,117 

January 212,749 

February 233,604 

March 237,072 


Sunday  Average  Circulation 
CHICAGO  EX^IVIIIVER 

October 446,364 

November.  .....  481,295 

December 530,189 

January      ......  555,966 

February 599,816 

March 615,424 


Average  number  of  copies  of  each  issue  of  this    publication  sold  or  distributed,  through  the  mails 
or    otherwise,    to    paid    subscribers    during    the    six    months    preceding    the  date  of  this  statement: 


Six  Months'  Daily  Average        214,828 

In  Total  Columns  of  Display 
Advertising  The  Chicago 
Examiner  Carried  in 

CHICAGO  EXAIVUNTER 


M.  D.  Hunton,  Easte 


I  Repre 


,  220  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York 


Six  Months'  Sunday  Average     538,175 

March,  1911,  1428.08  Columns 
March,  1912,  1778.87  Columns 
March,  1913,    2046.68  Columns 


Canadian  Campaigns 


require  study,  because  conditions  are  different  to  those  in  the  States. 


Canada's  1911  Census  gives  a  total  population  of  7,206,643,  made  up 
as   follows : 

English  speaking 3,896,985 

French  Canadians 2,054,890 

Foreigners    1,254,768 

Total .  7,206,643 

Scores  of  papers  cater  to  the  English-speaking  people,  and  a  pros- 
pective advertiser  has  a  hard  time  making  up  a  list  without  duplication. 
He  must  use  many  papers  to  reach  the  3,896,985  prospects,  p'us  the  per- 
centage of  foreign  element  which  has  learned  enough  English  to  read 
the   papers    and    be    counted    as    valuable. 

Among  the  2,054,890  French  people,  though,  conditions  are  different. 
They  have  their  own  papers,  and  advertisers  can  reach  a  vast  army  of 
buyers  at  slight  expense,  when  compared  to  what  it  costs  to  reach  the 
English-speaking  element. 

This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  French  people  are  concentrated 
mostly  in  an  area  which  enables  them  to  be  reached  by  the  Province  of 
Quebec  newspapers;  1,605,339  are  in  Quebec  Province,  where  they  con- 
stitute 80  per  cent,  of  the  population,  and  where  the  French  language 
dominates;  202,442  are  in  Eastern  Ontario,  and  150,357  in  New  Bruns- 
wick and  Nova  Scotia — a  total  of  1,958,138  people  in  a  field  in  which  there 
is  only  one  real  big  daily  newspaper. 


This  is  the  field  that  LA  PRESSE  covers,  and  these 
ditions  explain  how  it  is  that  LA  PRESSE  is  CANADA' 
CIRCULATING  DAILY.    Study  these   March  figures: 


peculiar  con- 
S  LARGEST 


Greater  Montreal 

Province  Quebec  (Outside  Montreal) . 

Total  Province  Quebec 

Elsewhere  in  Canada 


67,022 
34,349 

101,371 

4,407 

"105^778 

21,964 

"127,742 

LA  PRESSE  has  the  largest  paid  daily  circulation  in  the  City  of 
Montreal;  LA  PRESSE  has  the  largest  paid  daily  circulation  in  Quebec 
Province,  and  LA  PRESSE  has  the  largest  paid  daily  circulation  in 
Canada   of  ANY   Canadian   daily  paper. 

No  Canadian  campaign  can  bring  maximum  results  unless  LA 
PRRESSE  is  used,  because  in  Canada,  both  French  and  EngHsh  are  offi- 
cial languages  and  both  are  used  in  the  Federal  Parliament.  Let  us  show 
you  how  to  get  full  value  for  the  money  you  spend  in  Canada. 


Total  in  Canada ^ 

French  Sections  in  New  England  States 
Grand  Total 


THE  FARMERS  WEEKLY  LA  PRESSE 


(Circulation   45,0OO) 


covers  the  rural  and  village  portions  of  Canada  where  French  is  spoken   as   thoroughly   as   the   daily    edition   covers   the   cities   and  large  towns. 


LA  PRESSE,  Montreal,  Can. 


United  States  Salaried  Representatives:  WM.  J.  MORTON  CO. 
Fifth  Avenue  Bldg.,  New  YorK.  Tribune  Bldg.,  Chicago 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND   JOURNALIST 


The  policy  of  the  Tribune  has  been  good   roads   not  only    for   Minneapolis,   sextuple    perfecting    presses    are    used   gave  way  under  the 
place  the  fullest  possnble  responsibil-   but  for  the  entire  county,  daily  in  printing  the  paper,  and  the  me-   glad   indeed   to   sell 


ity   upon   everyone    connected    with   the 
institution.      Though     the    most    expert 


he  strain,  and  he  was 
-         .  „  ...       „—    .„   „.ll  the  paper   to  Will- 

Necessarily     these     public      activities    chanical  equipment  is  of  the  finest.  lam    Randolph   Hearst,   of  San   Francis- 

demanded    large    expenditures    of       Including  the  Bulletin,  the  leading  pa-   co,  son  of  the  late  Senator  Hearst. 


editors  and  copy  readers  are  employed,   ,j^^  3,,^  ^^ney.     Mr.  Murphy  has  been   Pers   of    Philadelphia   are    the    Inquirer,    at 'the  time  was  < 


the  aim  of  the  management  is  to  reach  wiirin7to''g'ive''ifreely  of  "both,  not  only   North""American,''PublicYedger!'Yress;    cisco"  Examiner':'"  a"  little  "^  later     m"" 

dver- 


eventually   that    stage   where   there   will  has  he  allowed  his  HeutenantT'to'engagi   Record,  and  the' Morgen   Gazette.'  The   Hea"rst   purchased   the   Morning  ^Ad 

these  projects,   but    he   also    encour-   Record.^  which    was    founded    in    1877,   tiser   of  John    Cockerill   and   associates, 


be  no  correcting  oi  "copy"  in  the  edi- 
torial department,  because  it  will  not  be 
necessary. 


;>#^ 


ages  and  directs  them.  and   is   independent   democratic  in   poH-  and  established  the  American. 

Recently   Minneapolis   had   no   central    ''^^s,  is  a  clean-cut  newspaper  thoroughly       The  new  owner  soon  made  the  other 

organization    which   would    unify   all   of    ?'^rt  to   its   opportunities   and    fulfilling 

the  endeavors  of  the  various  civic  and    i's    mission    to    the    best    of    its    abihty. 

commercial    organizations    of    the    city.    Theodore    Wright     is    the    editor    and 

The    Civic    and    Commerce   Association,    president  of  the  publishing  company. 

organized   along  the  lines  of  the   Asso-       The   North   American,  under  the  edi- 

ciation    of    Commerce    o.    Chicago,   was    torial    direction   of   E.   A.   Van   Valken- 

fathered   bv   Mr.    Murphy  and   the  Tri-    burgh,  is  the  iconoclast  of  the  Philadel- 

bune.     It  has  just  closed  a  year  of  sue-    P^'^  press.    It  i.s  persistently  aggressive 

cessful  activity  and  has  outlined  a  pro-    a>id  fearless  in  its  attacks  upon  the  po- 

gram  for  the  current  year  of  far  greater    litical  rings  of  the  city.     The  paper  has 

magnitude.  a  larp-e  circulation  both   in   and   out   of 

A    health    and    happiness    column    has    *¥,  ,'^''y'    ^"^    ''=    editorial    views    are 

been  introduced  as  a  feature  of  the  Tri-    ""^f'^  QuotM. 

bune.     Other  departments,   all  aimed  at    ,    ^"^  Inquirer  is  one  of  the  most  lugh- 

being   aids    to    the    greatest    number    of    'y,  •esteemed  family  newspapers  of  Phil- 
people,    have    been   added.      Necessarily    adelphia.     Founded  m  1820   it  has  main- 

the  veracity  of  the  paper,  its  large  cir-    **'"<=''  ''^  Position  as  a  leader  year  after 

dilation  and  the  unbiased  tone  of  iits  edi-  >"=*'■•.  Its  management  has  been  char- 
acterzed  by  progressivcness  and  enter- 
prise. James  Elverson,  Jr.,  is  president 
of  the  paper,  and  Charles  H.  Heustice 
is  the  editor. 

The     Public    Ledger    is    perhaps    the 

most    conservative   of    the   Quaker   City 

When    George   W.    Childs   was 


COI..  'WTLI.IAM  HESTER. 


torials  have  made   its  advertising  value 
a  foreaone  conclusion. 

The  tone  of  the  entire  working  force 
of  the  paper  is  dignified.  Mr.  Mur- 
phj''s  idea  of  journalism  is  that  more 
work    can    be    done    where    people    are    j'^'^fj', 

happy  than  where  they  are  the  reverse,  jj^  ^^^^^^  jj  ^^^^  perhaps  the  most  ,.,„.- 
In  strange  contrast  to  some  newspaper  ,  ,.„o„„  ^f  g,,  jhe  Philadelphia  papers, 
oflnces,  there  is  never  a  hard  word  ,hieflv  through  bis  philanthropic  activi- 
spoken  ,n  the  editorial  department^  ^-^^   ^^j    ^is    public-spirited    support    of 

The  corns  spirit  ,s  imparted  to  the  re-   movements  that  had  for  their  object  the 
f°^l"t  iJZll  "°Ll!^^l°"L  °„  "f   betterment  of  the  city  and  the  improye- 
^^^^,^  ^^    ment    in   the   condition   of    the   workinc 


whether  they  are  entitled  to 


GEO.    a.    BOOTH. 


Everv  renorter  must  si-n   an  affidavit  l'"^    Tribune's    staff.      If    a    man   is    re-  ,3            j.j,^              ,3    t;,,  influenced  by 

.      »i,   ■*     fi       t  must  si„n   an  amaavit  tamed,   it  is  because   it  is  believed  that  ;.,     f„j:.:„„  '    '-,..     f„„„     ■,     ,Vstinrtlv  newsnaner  Dubl 

to    the    truth    of    the    information    con-  ;),„  .^-.w    ^„.^,p  »],„   interest-  nt    the  naner  .       'raaitions.     its     tone     is     cl-Stinctiy  iiLubpapcr  puui, 

tained  in  any  storv  he  may  write.  Every  ,t  Wt  '"f^^y-     T'"=  """'  "^'^^'^Se  in  owner-  tice.      Backed 

nd  that  he  iT         .■        .     .■        -^  ■                       t  ship  will  not,  it  is  reported,  result  in  any  wealth,  Mr.  He 

me  of  the  ^'T     !""■'?  '""'  'Vl'  "iff  l*"^  u'  'change  in  its  policy.  ly  and  gathere( 

ror  should  I'^ZThL  men  v^^'th'he  uti^s^'re^sne^t'  The  Morgen  Gazette,  owned  .by  Gus-  brightest  newsp 

a  full  and  It          "'=  m™  w.th  the  utmost  respect,  j^^    Mayer,    is    the    representative    Ger-  Spanish-Americ 

1    as  com  ■^°"''  °^   -^^  <^3'"™''K^  °*  '."T  dominat-  ^^^  newspaper  of  the  city.     It  is  clean-  fered  the  Hear 

the  article  [^"    proprietor     are     in     evidence,     and  ^.^j   ppjnts  an  abundance  of  news  of  par-  to  distinguish  t..c,i,=c.vc=  lu  a.,   l, 

article  here  is  none  who  has  not  a  real  affec-  4;^^,^^  interest  to  those  Avho  have  Ten-  degree.    TJie  circulation  of  the  J 

is  one  of  I'Jn        if™\r       ,         -1              -1        .  tonic  blood  in  their  veins,  and  is  a  fa-  shot  up  to  a  high  figure  and  its  cc 

r  than  de-  ^       ■     I-  ^'^'^^^  *'^'^,"  ^"  i.'^™  '°  vorite  advertising  medium.  bristled  with  advertising. 


any  story  he  may  write,  iivery  ^j  heart 
reporter  is  made  to  understand  that  he       From  time  to  ti 
is  responsible  for  the  good  name  of  the  reporters  to  inter\ 
paper,  and  if  by  chance  an  error  should  treats  liis  men  wi 
creep  into  the  news  colurnns  a  full  and  None  of  the  earn- 
complete  correction  is  printed,  as  com-  ,■„„    f^r^nr;e^■r^,-     n. 
pletely  and  as  prominentlv  as  the  article 
which  contained  the  mistake. 
The  policy  of  the  Tribune 
optimism.     Constructive  rather  tnan  de-  appear  in   his  newspaper,  he  makes  the 
structive    emphasis    is    observed    in    the  request  of  his  editors  as  if  he  were  an 
handling  of  news.     For  the  purpose  of  outsider  requesting  a   favor.     The  man 
making  it  broadly  representative  of  the  n,ay  be  a  copy  reader  receiving  a  mod 


people  it  serves,  those  things  with  which 
the  public  is  vitally  concerned  are  given 
great  attention 


est  salarv,  but  Mr.   Murphy  appears  to 
assume  that  he  i's  equal  with  him  in  the 
^  ,       ,      r^  ■,  ,  responsibility    of    the    paper    and    treats 

Recently  the   Tribune   saw    the   possi-    ^im   accordingly.     His  workmen   appear 
ihties  of  creating  a  great  deal  of  profit   jq  be  his  partners.     The  pubHc  appears 


and  happiness  for  the  people  of  M 
apolis    by    getting    behind    a    vacant    lot 
garden  movement  a 
ers  how  the  vacant  lots  of  the  city 


partners,      the  public  appear 
to  be  his  family,  and  the  Tribune  is  his 


The  Press,  of  which  Samuel  G.  Wells.  The  career  of  the  papers  since  then 
IS  editor  and  Benjamin  B.  Wells  is  is  familiar  to  the  American  public.  The 
president,  is  the  paper  which  Philadel-  Journal's  sensational  methods  of  news 
phians  swear  by.  It  11s  a  newspaper  in  presentation  gave  it  a  wide  audience, 
its  broadest  sense  and  enjoys  the  pat-  and  to-day  its  circulation  is  larger  than 
ronage  of  a  large  constituency,  that  of  any  American   newspaper.    The 

THE   NEW   YORK   TIMES.  American,    the   morning    paper,    has   al- 

ways been  conducted  on  more  conserva- 
After    George     Jones,     the     principal  tive  lines,  and  has  made  a  place  for  it- 
Denincl    a    vacant    lot  „eHiiim   for   ^nreadinD-  infnrmatinn  and   °,'™"   °^  }^^   ^^'"   Y^k   Times,    died    self    in   the   metropolis, 
nd  tparbinc.  it.;  read     ™™iiim   tor  spreading  mtormation  and   the  paper  lost  ground   and   encountered 
lots  of  the  city  could   l^^^PP'"'^^^  '"  ^'^   g°5P<='  °^  P"'''''^  ^"''-   so  many  financial  difticulties  that  at  one 
"-e.  time    it   looked   as   thougn   it   would   go 

THE  PHILADELPHIA  BULLETIN,  on  the  rocks.  Fortunately,  when  its 
fortunes  were  at  the  lowest  ebb,  Adolph 
The  Philadelphia  Bulletin  is  a  living  s.  Ocbs,  of  the  Chattanooga  Times,  was 
monument  to  the  ability  of  William  L.  placed  in  charge  01  tne  propertj',  and 
McLean,  its  publisher,  through  whose  from  that  time  its  luck  changed  for  the 
enterprise  and  wholesome  policy  that  better.  During  the  period  of  Mr.  Ocbs' 
paper  has  reached  the  tonnotch  circula-  admi  nistration  the  paper  has  not  only 
tion  of  26.5.000  copies  daly.  regained  the  ground  it  had  lost,  but  has 

The  Bulletin  was  founded  by  Gibson  shot  far  ahead  in  the  race  for  popular- 
Peacock  in  1847,  and  in  18S.5  when  Mr.  ity.  It  is  now  regarded  as  one  of  the 
McLean  purchased  the  newspaper  it  best  newspaper  properties  in  New  York, 
had  a  circulation  of  only  .5,000  copies,  i„  advertising  patronage  and  in  circula- 
though  its  policy  was  good  and  its  char-  tion  it  is  one  of  the  leaders  among 
acter  above  reproach.  metropolitan      newspapers.      When     the 

Mr.  McLean  believed  that  in  the  Bui-  Times  was  founded  by  Henry  R.  Ray- 
letin  he  had  a  property  that  was  sus-  mond  in  1851  i;t  was  given  an  individual- 
ceptible  of  great  development.  The  field  ity  that  has  been  preserved  by  its  suc- 
was  not  overcrowded  and  the  popula-  cessive  owners  during  its  career  of  six- 
tion  of  the  city  was  showing  a  healthy  tv-two  years.  While  it  has  always  print- 
growth.     Gradually  he  gathered  around    ed  the  iiews,  it  has  avoided  sensational- 

nd    has    been    consistently   conscr- 


THE  HEARST  NEWSPAPERS. 

The  Evening  Journal  was  founded  by 
Albert  Pulitzer  in  1882.     It  was  des:gn- 


a   staff   of  men   whose  ability 
unquestioned  and   upon  whom  he  could 
depend  for  efficient  service. 

What  Mr.  McLean  has  accomplished 
durinn-  the  eighteen  years  he  has  di- 
rected  the    fortunes    of   the    Bulletin    is 

well  known   to  the   Philadelphia   public,    ed   not  as  a   seriou.s-minded   paper,   like 
From    comparative   obscurity  the   paper   the    Tribune.    Herald   and   other    morn 
he  turned  «nto  gardens.     The  result  of   has  advanced  to  the  front  rank  of  Phil-   ing   pape 
that    movement    has    received    national  adelphia  journalism, 
recognition.     Minneapolis    is    known    as       Since  1910  the  Bulletin  has  been  pub 
the  City  of  Gardens.  lished  in  the  beautiful  new  building  ir 

A  good  roads  movemct  was  inaugu-   City    Hall    Square.     The    structure  is   : 
rated    by    the    Tribune    with    the   result  noteworthy  example  of  the  French  Re 


FBANK  SlacI-EirNAN. 


COJ^.   JAUES   EI^VEBSOir. 


but    was   rather   devoted   to  It  is  said  that  Mr.  Hearst  spent  over 

the   lighter    side   of    life.      Mr,    Pulitzer  $'2,500,000   on   those    publications   before 

had    an    idea   that    the   clerks,   the   shop  they    became     self-supporting.      To-day 

girls  and  the  workers  in  various  indus-  they  are  big  money-makers, 

tries   needed   a   paper   that   would  bring  Not    content    with    three   papers,    Mr. 

to   them    the   sensational    stories    in    the  Hearst    looked    about    fo.-    opportunities 


that  to-day  the  Civic  and  Commerce  As-   naissance  and  the  interior  appointments    news  of   the   day.     The  Journal   was  a  to   establish   others.     He   finally   started 

sociat'nu    of    Minneapolis    has    planned   are  planned  with  a  view  of  conserving   success  almost  from  the  first  issue,  but  the  American  m  Boston,  the  Examiner 

to    engage    a    highway    engineer    whose  in  the   largest   measure   the   health    and    after   a    few   years  of   prosperity  it  be-  and  Evening  .American  jn  Chicago,  and 

(Jwty  it  will  be  to  lay  out  a  plan  for  well-being  of  the  wQfkere,    TfJ]  f-Ioe  san  losing  ground.  Mr-.  Pulitzer's  health  the  Exfimiper  m  L05  Angeles.    AH  Qt 

90 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


The  Boston  Globe  Elected 

Total  .  .  120,438  Want  Ads 
Plurality  .  81,135  Want  Ads 


The  people  vote  and  decide  which  newspaper  is  the  best  advertising  medium  in  its  field  by  the  number 
of  classified  ad\'ertisements  they  insert.  They  trace  results.  They  know  what  they  get  in  return  for 
the  money  they  expend  in  advertising. 

During  the  three  months  ending  March  31  the  Globe  printed  120,438  Want  advertisements.  This  was 
81,135  More  Want  advertisements  than  appeared  in  any  other  Boston  paper  during  the  three  months. 


2,109,564  Lines 
85,221  Lines  Gain 


Total  lines  of  advertising  in  the  four  Boston 
papers  (having  daily  and  Sunday  editions)  for 
the  three  months  ending  March  31 : 

Globe  2,109,564  Lines 

This  was  a  gain  for  the  Globe  of  85,221 
lines    over    the    same    period    in    1912 

Post  .  .  .  1,723,682  Lines 
American  .  1,470,560  Lines 
Herald    .     .     1,149,225  Lines 

(The  above  totals  include  all  kinds  of  advertising, 
from  the  smallest  want  advertisement  to  the  busi- 
ness of  the  big  department  stores.) 


Total  lines  of  automobile  advertising  for  the 
three  months  ending  March  31: 

Globe  174,105  Lines 

(Including  68,645  lines  printed  on  the  classified 
pages,  a  large  part  of  which  was  display,  paid  for 
at  the  regular  auto  rate.) 

2d  Paper  113,982  Lines 

(Including  3,005  lines  printed  on  the  classified 
page.) 

Globe's  Lead  60,123  Lines 


Globe  advertisements  sell  goods.     To  increase  your  business  in   Boston 
and  New  England,  advertise  liberally  in   the   Daily   and   Sunday   Globe. 


91 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


these  newspapers  Iiave  been  successful,  board  of  trustees  put  them  in  control 
They  are  conducted  on  lines  similar  to  of  the  paper,  and  they  have  since  car- 
those  upon  which  the  New  York  Jour-  ried  out  the  policy  inaugurated  by  their 
nal  and  the  American  have  been  run.  father  during  his  lifetime. 
Das  Ueutches  Journal,  of  New  York,  a  The  greatest  of  all  Mr.  Pulitzer's 
newspaper  printed  in  German,  is  also  benefactions  was  his  gift  of  $2,000,000 
owned  by  Mr.  Hearst.  The  latest  as  an  endowment  of  the  Columbia  Uni- 
manifestation  of  the  activities  of  this  versity  School  of  Journalism,  which 
energetic  and  indefatigaljle  publisher  opened  its  doors  for  practical  work  last 
September  under  the  direction  of  Dr. 
Talcott   Williams. 

The  World  is  generally  regarded  as 
one  of  the  most  fearless  and  ably  con- 
ducted newspapers  in  the  city.  Its  edi- 
torial page  is  profitably  ready  by  more 
people  than  that  of  any  other  morning 
newspaper.  Don  C.  Seitz,  the  business 
manager,  has  been  unusually  successful 
in  biuiding  up  a  large  advertising  pat- 
ronage for  the  paper. 

THE   NEW   YORK  SUN. 
Under    the    editorship    of    Charles   A. 


Dana    the    New    York    Sun    attained   an 


Ocean. 

was  the  purchase  of  the  Atlanta  Geor- 
gian a  little  over  a  year  ago. 

Mr.  Hearst  is  to-day  .'America's  great- 
est newspaper  publisher.  The  aggre- 
gate daily  circulation  of  his  several  pub- 
lications is  said  to  be  in  the  vicinity  of 
2,.!i00.000  copies. 

THE    NEW    YORK    WORLD. 

Joseph  Pulitzer  purchased  the  New 
York  World  from  Jay  .jould  in  1883, 
a  little  over  four  years  after  he  had 
bought  the  St.  Louis  Post-Dispatch  at 
public  auction  for  $2,500. 

A  Presidential  campaign  was  looming 
up  ahead,  and  Pulitzer  pitched  into  the 
fight  to  elect  Grover  Cleveland.  Tam- 
many nominated  the  editor  for  Congress 
from  the  Ninth  New  York  District  and 
he  was  elected,  but  after  three  months 
'in  the  house  he  resigned  his  seat,  gave 
his  salary  to  charity,  and  returned  to  his 
editorial  work. 

In  1886  he  purchased  the  Park  Row 
site  wnere  the  Pulitzer  Ijuilding  now 
stands,  and  erected  the  present  struc- 
ture, which  was  not  completed  until 
after  Mr.  Pulitzer  had  become  totally 
blind.  He  spent  the  last  three  or  four 
years  of  his  life  on  board  his  yacht, 
surrounded  by  a  corps  of  readers  and 
secretaries,  who  acted  as  eyes  for  the 
sightless  editor  and  carried  out  his  or- 
ders. It  was  an  ordinary  occurrence 
for  him  to  wake  up  his  staf?  at  2  or  3 
o'clock  in  the  morning  to  aid  him  in 
some  new  work  he  had  suddenly 
thought  of. 

On  his  sixtieth  birthday,  April  10, 
11)07,  Mr.  Pulitzer  sent  to  the  heads  of 
departments  of  his  paper  a  characteris- 
tic cable  message,  'in  which  he  an- 
nounced his  retirement  from  the  active 
management  of  his  newspapers.  Every 
newspaper  in  town  printed  it  except  the 
World,  the  managers  of  which  knew 
that  he  could  not  give  up  work.  He  was 
much  incensed  when  he  learned  that  his 
own  men  had  refused  to  take  the  an- 
nouncement seriously  and  made  a  great 
row  about  it  for  a  few  hours.  Then  he 
concluded  to  continue  his  active  man- 
agement of  this  newspaper.  Mr.  Pulit- 
zer died  on  board  his  yacht  "Liberty." 
in  Charleston  Harbor,  S.  C,  on  Oct.  29, 

mil. 

The  World  is  published  now,  as  dur- 
ing Mr.  Pulitzer's  lifetime,  by  the  Press 
Publishing  Co.,  of  which  Ralph  Pulit- 
zer, bis  eldest  son.  is  president,  and  Jo- 
.scph  Pulitzer,  Jr.,  his  second  son,  is  sec- 
retary.   Their  election  as  offices  of  the 


to  print  a  newspaper  that  will  be  taken 
home  and   read   by  the    family. 

One  oi  New  York's  leading  afternoon 
papers  is  the  Evening  Mail,  which  un- 
der the  able  editorial  management  of 
Henry  L.  Stoddard,  has  won  a  high 
place  in  the  regard  of  the  New  York 
public  It  is  essentially  a  familv  news- 
paper and^  discusses  topics  relating  to 
the  home  in  such  a  popular  way  that  it 
has  found  favor  especially  with  the 
women  of  the  city.  One  of  the  popu- 
lar advertising  features  of  the  paper  is 
the  Blue  List,  in  which  "want"  adver- 
tisements and  "business  opportunities" 
are  inserted  onlv  after  thorough  inves- 
tigation. In  other  words,  the  advertise- 
ments appearing  in  this  department  are 
guaranteed.  William  C.  Freeman,  the 
advertising  manager  of  the  Mail,  has 
probably  done  more  to  popularize  news- 
paper advertising  than  anyone  else  in 
America.  He  is  one  of  the  few  adver- 
tising experts  who  have  grounded  their 
knowledge  of  the  business  on  a  sound 
conception  of  economics  and  modern 
methods   of   distribution. 

THE  PHILADELPHIA  RECORD. 

The  Philadelphia  Record  is  a  living 
contradiction  that  a  great  newspaper 
that  grows  up  with  the  personality  of  its 
founder,  and  becomes  a  part  of  the 
greatness  of  one  man  will  lose  its  power 
and  prestige  with  the  loss  of  that  man. 
For  more  than  twenty  years  the  names 
of  The  Record  and  William  M.  Singer- 
ly  were  inseparably  linked.  Singerly 
died  in  1898,  but  the  paper  continues  to- 
day, with  all  its  power,  its  prestige,  its 
traditions,  inviolate.  The  only  change 
is  the  natural  change  of  growth ;  it  is 
bigger,    has    a    wider    reach,    a    longer 


enviable  rank  among  metropolitan  news- 
papers. Mr.  Dana  was  undoubtedly  one 
of  the  greatest  of  American  journalists. 
He  had  a  knowledge  of  public  men  and 
public  affairs  such  as  few  statesmen  of 
his  day  possessed.  He  was  a  profound 
scholar,  and  could  read  eleven  lan- 
guages, including  Sanscrit.  Moreover, 
he  was  a  citizen  of  the  world  and  ever 
ready  to  interest  himself  in  movements 
that  had  for  their  object  the  physical 
and   moral  uplift  of  the  masses. 

He  \vas  a  true  iournalist  and  stamped 
the  Sun  so  indelibly  with  his  individ- 
uality and  style  that  for  several  years 
after  he  died  few  could  tell  from  its 
pages  that  its  master  had  passed  away. 

The   Sun   has  been    fortunate  in  hav-  ,,       ,  ,.        ,  ,  . 

ing  for  its  editor  during  the  last  few  pay-roll,  a  longer  list  of  historic  accom- 
vears  Edward  P.  Mitchell,  who  for  a  plishments  and  the  latter  devices  of  sci- 
lons'  period  was  Mr.  Dana's  chief  edi-  "ice  to  aid  in  its  production;  that  is  all. 
torial  assistant:  and  for  its  managing  One  of  its  greatest  accomphshments 
editor  Chester  S.  Lord,  who  recentlv  came  after  the  death  of  the  man  who 
retire  A  little  over  a  year  ago  Will-  made  it.  He  had  built  it  up  to  be  his 
iam  C,  Reick.  for  many  vears  James  memorial,  and  when  he  died,  broken- 
Gordon  Bennett's  chief  of  "staff  on  the  hearted  and  ruined  by  the  failure  of  his 
Herald,  purchased  a  controlling  inter-  banking  institutions,  the  newspaper, 
est  in  the  Sun.  and  since  then  has  been  which  m  a  quarter  of  a  century  has 
its  general  director.  During  the  brief  "ever  known  a  day  for  which  there  was 
time  he  has  been  in  charge  he  has  made  "Ot  a  profit  on  the  right  side  of  the 
many  changes  in  the  paper  with  a  view  ledger,  went  on  and  paid  up  his  debts 
of  strengthening  its  hold  on  the  public,  clearmg  oft  the  last    cent,    as    lie    had 

The  Globe,  which  was  formerly  pledged  the  public  that  it  would  do.  it 
known  as  the  Commercial  Advertiser,  was  a  fitting  repayment  to  its  parentage, 
the  eariier  history  of  which  Is  related  and  it  was  possible  by  reason  of  the 
in  this  issue,  has  made  commendable  foundation  that  the  man  gave  to  it 
progrers  during  the  last  few  years  un-  The  history  of  the  Philadelphia 
der  the  management  of  Henry  John  Record  dates  to  May  l,18i7,  when  Will- 
Wright.  a  Scotchman,  who  won  his  lam  M.  Singerly  bought  from  William 
journalistic  spurs  through  hard  work  on  J-  Swam,  a  newspaper  known  as  the 
various  New  York  newspapers.  The  Public  Record.  In  this  purchase  the 
Globe  employs  a  number  of  special  wri-  principal  thing  of  value  acquired  was  an 
ters  and  has  the  fidl  Associated  Press  Associated  Press  franchise,  as  The  Pub- 
report.  The  paper  devotes  considerable  He  Record  was  a  small  and  losing  ven- 
space  to  sports  and  especlallv  to  base-  ture.  It  had  been  founded  on  May  10 
hall  Its  news  is  selected  with  great  1870,  and  was  published  at  The  Record 
care  Sensationalism  is  avoided.  The  Building,  at  Third  and  Chestnut  streets, 
effort  nf  the  management   seems  to  be  Of  its  history   there  is   no  more  to  be 

92 


said,  except  that  the  price  paid  for  it  was 
$3.5,000,  or  about  one-hundredth  part  of 
the  sum  for  which  the  Philadelphia 
Record  was  sold  under  the  hammer  a 
quarter  of  a  century  later. 

With  the  franchise  and  machinery  of 
The  Public  Record.  William  i\I.  Singerly, 
on  June  1,  1877,  launched  the  Philadel- 
phia Record,  a  one-cent  newspaper.  It 
was  the  first  one-cent  newspaper  that  the 
American  people  ever  saw,  and  its  ruin 
was  freely  predicted  on  all  sides.  It  was 
years  before  any  other  paper  dared  to 
follow  it  into  one-cent  journalism,  and 
now,  when  the  great  majority  of  the 
American  and  European  newspapers 
have  followed  its  example,  it  still  carries 
the  only  self-advertisement  it  ever  af- 
fected— "The  Pioneer  One-Cent  News- 
paper of  America." 

Probably  Singerly  more  than  any 
other  of  the  great  masters  of  American 
journalism  was  responsible  for  the  policy 
of  condensation.  Day  in  and  day  out 
he  preached  to  his  assistants  the  neces- 
sity for  getting  more  news  on  the  first 
page  of  the  paper.  "That's  the  only  page 
a  busy  man's  got  time  to  look  at,"  he  de- 
clared. Nor  would  he  excuse  the  leav- 
ing out  of  any  matter  of  news  that  had 
the  slighter;  importance,  i  "Condense, 
condense,"  was  his  only  reply  to  the  plea 
of  lack  of  room. 

The  first  Philadelphia  Record  was  a 
four-page  journal,  six  columns  to  the 
page.  There  were  few  advertisements, 
and  of  these  some  were  printed  on  the 
first  page.  This  latter  practice,  however, 
was  soon  abandoned,  and  was  never  re- 
sumed. 

Singerly's  faith  in  one-cent  journalism 
was  soon  vindicated.  Starting  with  a 
circulation  of  5,000,  he  had  within  six 
months  a  circulation  of  36,000.  The 
original  four  pages  gave  way  to  six,  then 
eight.  As  the  wide  extension  of  news 
gathering  facilities  grew  apace  with  the 
demand  for  advertising  space,  the  paper 
continued  to  increase  in  size.  From  six 
columns  the  pages  were  increased  to 
eight  columns,  and  the  number  of  pages 
increased  until  more  frequently  than 
otherwise  si-xteen  pages  were  found 
necessary  to  carry  the  news  and  the  ad- 
vertisements. By  1883  the  circulation  had 
passed  the  100,000  mark,  and  ten  years 
later  the  paper  was  found  to  have  the 
largest  circulation  of  any  daily  publica- 
tion in  the  United  States. 

Ill  1882  the  paper  was  moved  fro'-.-. 
Thirc'  and  Chestnut  streets  to  the  new 


COI^.    BOBIIBT    EWUTG. 

Proprietor,  New  Orleans  States 
Record  Building,  at  Ninth  and  C.iestnut 
streets,  and  at  the  same  time  began  the 
issue  of  a  two-cent  Sunday  newspaper, 
which,  without  increase  in  price,  has  in- 
creased   to  thirty-two   pages. 

To  enable  tlie  paper  to  continue  on  the 
one-cent  basis  that  it  had  fixed  for  it,  Sin- 
gerly foresaw  that  he  would  be  obliged 
to  fortify  it  again.st  the  exactions  of  mo- 
nopoly in  the  news-print  paper  business. 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


1898:— 25,T26 


UNPARALLELED  GROWTH 


1913:— 245,854 


S5S%  INCREASE  I\  15  YEARS 


C  I  R  C  U  L  AT  I  O  IM      OK 


NEW 

April  1,  1913,  245,854 


YORK    XIIVIES 

April  1,  1912,216,005 


ANT    AVERAGE 

GENERAL  DISTRIBUTION.  isis  i 

Wholesalers — City  Order. .  .  . 
Independent  City  Dealers  .  .  . 
Wholesalers — Country  Order 

Country  Dealers 

Subscriptions  (Mail  List)..  .  . 

Total  Net  Paid 243,560 

Advertising  Mail  List 

Exchanges   

Downtown  Office 

Main  Office 

Annex 

Editorial  &  Composing  Room 

Total   


171,217 

152,910 

14,022 

11,166 

3,212 

3,692 

40,853 

33,475 

14,256 

12,135 

243,560 

213,378 

239 

285 

127 

128 

676 

1,035 

402 

999 

600 

250 

240 

2,294 

2,687 

DAY'S     DISXRIBUXIOIM 

112  SALES  IN  METROPOLITAN  DISTRICT: 

MANHATTAN  and   BRONX.  1913 

American  News  Co 29,592 

Goode   News   Co 3,140 

Harlem   News   Co 56,712 

Nassau  News  Co 22,505 

Ward   &  Gow 2,440 

Union    News    Co 1,260 

Independent    Dealers 5,056 

Total 120,705 

LONG   ISLAND  and   STATEN  ISLAND. 
Brooklyn  News   Co 24,840 


Grand  Total 245,854     216,065 


South  Brooklyn  News  Co 

Williamsburg  News  Co 

Long  Island  New^s  Co 

New  York  News  Co 

Wheeler  News  Co 

Independent    Dealers 

Total 49,009 

NEW  JERSEY  and  Scattering. 

New^ark   News   Co 

Union  News  Co. — C.  R.  R 

Union  News  Co.,  Reade  St.  .  .  . 

American    News    Co 

Independent   Dealers 

Total 18,737 

Total  Metropolitan  sales 188,451 


8,317 
6,429 
1,750 
1,373 
1,140 
5,160 


6,469 
1,336 
2,766 
4,360 
3,806 


1912 

25,459 
2,790 
50,178 
21,362 
2,260 
1,052 
3,145 

106,246 

21,695 
7,170 
5,307 
1,406 
1,304 
910 
4,906 

42,698 

5,650 
3,543 
2,936 
3,580 
3,115 

18,824 
167,768 


NO  RETURNS  AND  NO  UNSOLD  COPIES 


FIFTEEN    YEARS'    RECORD 

1S9T— 1912 

CIRCULATION  AND  ADVERTISING 


The  New  York  Times  Circulation  Record 


October  1898 25,726 

"    1899 76,260 

"    1900 82,106 

1901 102,472 

1902 105,416 

1903 106,386 

1904 118,786 

1905 120,710 


October  1906 131,140 

1907 143,460 

1908 172,880 

1909 184,317 

1910 191,981 

»1911 197,375 

*1912 236,668 

A  GENUINE  GROWTH — SOLELY  ON  MERIT 

No   Artificial  Stimulation — No  Prizes — No  Premiums — No  Coupons — 

— No  Guessing  Matclies. 

*No  Returns  and  No  Unsold  Papers. 


The  New  York  Times  Advertising  Record : 


Agate  Lines 

1897  2,371,377 

1898  2,433,193 

1899  3,378,750 

1900  3,978,620 

1901  4,957,205 

1902 5,501,779 

1903  5,207,964 

1904  5,228,480 

ALL  ADVERTISING  CLEAN  AND  HONEST. 

No  Objectionable — No    Catch-penny — No    Nostrum  Ad\'ertising. 
The  Times  has  rejected  millions  of  lines   of  doubtful  advertising 


Agate  Lines 

1905     5,953,322 

1906     6,033,457 

1907     6,304,298 

1908     5,897,332 

1909     7,194,703 

1910     7,550,650 

1911     8,130,425 

1912     8,844,866 


THE    NEW    YORK    XIIVIES 


'All  the  News  That's  Fit  to  Print." 


93 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


He  therefore  cslablislied  two  pulp  and 
paper  mills,  one  at  Singerly  and  one  at 
Elkton,  Md.,  and  for  many  years  manu- 
factured his  own  white  paper,  fie  was 
the  first  American  publisher  to  take  this 
step. 

Singerly  was  likewise  the  first  pub- 
lisher in  Philadelphia — and  the  second  in 
the  world — to  recognize  the  value  of  the 
linotype  machine,  which  has  now  dis- 
placed hand  composition  throughout  the 
world. 

Shortly  before  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred in  February,  1898,  Mr.  Singerly 
was  asked  what  he  considered  the  reason 
for  The  Record's  prosperity.     He  said ; 

*'Abo\'e  all  things  else.  Tlie  Record's 
truthfulness.  We  have  always  adhered 
to  the  right  as  that  right  appeared  to  us. 
I  do  not  mean  to  say  that  we  have  al- 
ways been  right,  but  The  Record  has 
been  found  every  time  on  the  side  that 
the  .people  have  endorsed  in  moments  of 
calm  reflection.  A  newspaper  must 
rise  superior  to  the  mere  money-making 
element  which  enters  into  all  business 
enterprises.  The  editor  has  a  duty  to 
the  public  that  must  be  conscientiously 
considered  and  absolutely  regarded.  This 
is  my  ideal  of  journalism." 

.Mways  a  Democratic  newspaper,  The 
Record  refused  to  accept  the  free  silver 
heresy  and  the  Bryan  candidacy  in  1896 
and  again  rejected'  it  in  1900.  This  was 
done  with  a  full  knowledge  of  ths  risk 
that  a  large  part  of  the  paper's  Demo- 
cratic clientele  would  probably  refuse  to 
follow  its  lead  and  would  instead  fallow 
the  BrjMn  banner.  Singerly,  however, 
would  not  put  e.xpedience  above  honesty, 
and  declared  that  he  would  ra'/ner  suffer 
the  loss  of  his  paper's  circulation  than 
the    loss    of    respect    for    its    honesty. 

The  Record  was  the  first  paper  in  the 
world  to  establish  a  daily  magazine  de- 
partment for  \vomen. 

The  new  owners  of  the  property  im- 
mediately announced  that  the  paper 
would  continue  unchanged,  and  it  has 
continued  under  the  direction  of  men 
who  were  selected  by  Singerly  and  be- 
longed to  the  Singerly  regime.  Under 
their  management  it  has  steadily  in- 
creased in  growth. 

Theodore  Wright,  the  editor-in-chief, 
was  first  employed  by  Singerly  in  1878, 
and  has  been  with  the  paper  continuous- 
ly since  that  time. 

John  P.  Dwyer,  the  managing  editor, 
came  to  the  paper  as  a  reporter  early  in 
the  '90s,  and  later  went  to  the  Philadel- 
phia Press,  but  eventually  returned  to 
The  Record,  of  which,  as  a  newspaper 
man,  he  was  a  product. 

M.  F.  Hanson,  the  general  manager, 
was  a  clerk  on  the  paper  in  1890.  He  at- 
tracted the  attention  of  Singerly,  who 
gradually  promoted  him  until  he  was  ad- 
vertising manager,  .''ifter  the  death  of 
Singerly  he  became  business  manager  of 
The  North  American,  but  later  returned 
to  The  Record  as  general  manager. 
PHILADELPHIA    PUBLIC    LEDGER. 

The  Public  Ledger,  of  Philadelphia, 
the  first  number  of  which  was  issued 
March  25,  18-96,  was  the  pioneer  of  new 
methods  in  Quaker  Citv  journalism,  and 
was  the  first  successful  penny  newspaper 
established  in  Philadelphia. 

Russell  Jarvis,  a  ready  and  fluent 
writer,  who  had  received  his  journalis- 
tic training  on  the  United  States  Tele- 
graph, of  Washington,  the  organ  of 
Jackson's  administration,  was  engaged 
as  chief  editorial  contributor.  His 
slashing,  outspoken  editorials  enabled  the 
Public  Ledger  to  "do  things."  Wher- 
ever there  was  a  local  wrong  to  be 
righted,  the  Public  Ledger  boldly  struck 
the  blow. 

The  first  number  of  the  Public  Ledger 
was  issued  within  a  stone's  throw  of  the 
newspaper's  present  home.  It  was  a 
sheet  of  1.5^,^  by  SIM;  inches,  having  four 
columns  to  a  page,  and  was  printed  for 
the  proprietors  on  a  hand  press.  Swain, 
Abell  and  Simmons  within  six  months 
were  able  to  purchase  their  first  press — 
a  Napier  steam  power  machine,  then  re- 
garded with  wonder. 

The  Public  Ledger,  in  its  introductory 
address,  informed  the  public  that  it  had 
"secured  the  services  of  a  police  re- 
porter and  collector  of  news,  and  it  is 


hopt'd  their  exertions  will  impart  to  its 
columns  additional  interest." 

Having  had  the  temerity  to  call  to 
account  the  ruffians  who,  in  1838,  burned 
Pennsylvania  Hall  to  prevent  an  anti- 
slavery  meeting,  a  mob  made  a  demon- 
stration in  front  of  the  Ledger's  prop- 
erty, but  the  determined  attitude  of  its 


ported  witii  almost  modern  methods. 
During  the  Civil  War  tiie  jirice  of 
paper,  as  wxU  as  the  price  of  other  util- 
ities soared,  but  Mr.  Swain,  although 
the  Public  Ledger  was  losing  money 
every  day,  refused  to  raise  the  price. 
After  he  had  lost  about  $100,000  he 
was  induced  to   part  with  his  share  of 


proprietors  and  tile  help  of  a  few  police  the  property,  and  Mr.  Abell's  interests 

prevented  any  damage  being  'done.  being  confined  to  Baltimore,  he  willing- 

By  insisting  on  the  supremacy  of  the  ly  sold   his   part  to   George   W.   Childs, 

law,  the  Public  Ledger  in  this  year  made  Francis  A.  Anthony,  Jr.,  and  Joseph  W. 

historic  by  the  riots  and  church  burn-  Drexel.     The   price  was   raised   to   two 

ings  by  the  native  Americans,  lost  thou-  cents,   and   subsequently  reduced  to  ten 

sands   of   subscribers   and   considerable  cents  a  week. 


eph  A.  Dear. 

of    its    advertising   patronage,    for    the  In  June,  1867,  the  Ledger  began  to  be 

native   American   sentiment  was   strong  published  in  its  handsome  brown  stone 

in   Philadelphia.  building,  which  is   still  its  home. 

The  first  rotary  press  ever  built,  the  On  the  death  of  George  W.  Childs  in 

invention  of  Richard  M.  Hoe,  was  first  1894,  George  W.  Childs  Drexel  became 

used  to  print  the  Public  Ledger  on  April  the  publisher,   and  in   1902  he  was  suc- 

9,    1847.     This    was    tlie   period    of    the  ceeded  by  George  W.  Ochs.  the  present 

Mexican  War,  which  the  Public  Ledger,  publisher,  the  property  having  been  ac- 

together   with    the    Baltimore    Sun,   re-  quired    by   the    Public   Ledger   Co.,    of 

94 


which  Adolph  S.  Ochs  held  the  con- 
trolling interest.  In  1902  the  Pubhc 
Ledger  purchased  and  absorbed  the  Phil- 
adelphia Times,  which  had  been  estab- 
lished twenty-five  years  before  by  Alex- 
ander K.  McClure,  and  acquired  all  its 
circulation. 

Mr.  Jarvis,  the  first  editor,  died  in 
185.3 ;  he  was  succeeded  by  Washington 
Lane,  who  died  in  1865;  his  successor 
was  Wm.  V.  McKean,  who  retired  in 
1893,  and  was  succeeded  by  L,  Clarke 
Davis;  he  died  in  1904,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Dr.  Alfred  C.  Lambdin. 

As  indicating  the  ideas  according  to 
which  the  Public  Ledger  is  conducted 
the  following  extract  from  an  address 
by  George  W.  Ochs,  formerly  its  pub- 
lisher, is  significant: 

"Journalism  is  the  orator  which 
speaks  each  day  with  a  million  tongues 
to  tens  of  millions  of  listening  ears.  In 
ancient  days  the  sages  stood  in  the 
market  place  and  poured  forth,  in  elo- 
quent phrases,  words  of  wisdom,  to 
maintain  administrative  integrity  pure 
and  undefiled.  When  this  eloquence  was 
hushed,  when  the  listening  throngs  were 
taught  by  demagogues  and  false 
prohpets,  when  the  seeds  of  sophistry, 
selfishness,  discontent  and  dishonesty 
bore  their  full  fruitage,  the  fabric  of 
freedom  collapsed,  and  from  its  ruins 
arose  the  empire  of  the  C^sars.  Do  not 
the  same  evils  confront  our  republic  to- 
day? How  much  greater  the  responsi- 
bility, how  much  broader  the  oppor- 
tunity, and  how  much  more  vital  the 
need  for  editors  who  'know  the  right 
and,  knowing,  dare  maintain." 

The  Ledger   is  now   owned  and  con- 
trolled  by    Cyrus   H.    K.    Curtis,   owner 
and    publisher    of    the    Ladies'    tlome 
Journal  and  the  Saturday  Evening  Post. 
THE   PHILADELPHIA   PRESS. 

The  Philadelphia  Press  was  founded 
by  John  W.  Forney  in  August,  1857, 
and  is  to-day  one  of  the  great  national 
Republican  dailies  of  the  country.  For 
twenty  years  it  was  under  the  manage- 
ment of  Mr.  Forney.  It  was  purchased 
by  Calvin  Wells,  the  well-known  iron- 
master of  Pittsburgh,  in  1877,  and  of 
the  thirty-four  years  of  the  present 
ownership  twenty-eight  were  passed 
with  Charles  Emory  Smith  as  the  ed- 
itor-in-chief. The  first  twenty  years  in 
the  history  of  the  Press  saw  the  rise 
of  the  modern  new-spaper  through  the 
troublous  times  of  the  Civil  War  and 
the    Reconstruction    Period. 

From  the  very  nature  of  the  case, 
however,  despite  the  influence  and  in- 
terests of  the  editor,  this  period  of  its 
history  was  for  the  Press  its  day  of 
small  things.  The  Press  of  Forney's 
time  has.  however,  certain  interest  for 
people  of  to-day  aside  from  the  repu- 
tation of  its  first  editor  and  proprietor. 
The  war  poems  of  George  H.  Boker 
appeared  in  its  columns.  For  it  Charles 
Godfrey  Leland  wrote  the  earlier  verse 
of  "Hans  Breitmann."  The  first,  and 
in  some  respects  the  greatest  of  Amer- 
ican actors,  Edwin  Forrest,  was  a  fre- 
quent contributor.  In  the  spring  of 
1861  its  three  correspondents  in  the 
field  were  John  Russell  Young,  George 
-Alfred  Townsend  and  Henry  Wat- 
terson. 

With  the  change  of  the  political  con- 
ditions of  the  State  and  the  country  at 
large,  and  with  the  inevitable  financial 
troubles  during  and  following  the  Re- 
construction Period,  the  fortunes  of 
the  Press  declined,  and  in  1877  what 
was  practically  the  creation  of  a  new 
newspaper  under  circumstances  not 
seemingly  auspicious  was  brought  about 
by  the  purchase  of  the  property  by 
Calvin  Wells,  of  Pittsburgh,  who  has 
since  remained  in  control  of  the  prop- 
erty as  president  of  the  Press  Co.,  Ltd., 
with  Charles  Emory  Smith  as  vice- 
president  and  editor-in-chief.  At  the 
time  of  its  purchase  by  Mr.  Wells  the 
paper  stood  for  little  more  than  an 
Associated    Press   franchise. 

As  a  young  man  who  was  busy  writ- 
ing party  platforms  in  New  York  when 
most  young  men  of  his  age  were  both- 
ering   their  heads    about  more    trifling 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


Of  Interest  to  Users  of  Photo-Engraving 


Powers  started  in  the  engraving  business  a  little  over  ten  years  ago  and  said:  "We  are  the  fastest 
engravers  on  earth." 

Photo-engraving  buyers  said:  "Just  what  we  needed.  Engravings  on  time.  In  other  words,  service 
without  disappointment." 

Opposition  salesmen  said:  "Neither  Powers  nor  any  other  engraver  can  execute  engravings  in  less 
time  than  one  hour." 

But  Powers  did,  and  Powers  now  makes  them  in  minutes. 

Opposition  salesmen  then  said:  "We  have  to  admit  that  Powers  is  the  fastest  on  earth,  but  they  do 
not  give  you  quality."  The  photo-engraving  buyers  have  learned  that  this  was  merely  spurious  opposi- 
tion. 

Powers  again  offers  an  innovation  to  the  photo-engraving  buyei's,  A  RADICALLY  NEW  PROCESS 
NEVER  BEFORE  THOUGHT  OF.  It  is  such  a  success  and  such  a  surprise  that  even  the  Powers  En- 
graving Companj'  is  astonished. 

Opposition  salesmen  have  again  come  forth  with  subterfuge.  They  are  saying:  "Why  there  is  no 
new  process.    These  alleged  new  processes  have  been  tried  over  and  over  again." 

The  public  knows  that  what  Powers  say  can  be  relied  upon.  The  Powers  Engraving  Company  now 
finish  a  combination  wash  and  pen  drawing,  including  silhouettes  and  vignettes,  with  one  negative  or  one 
operation,  doing  away  with  all  the  patchwork  or  joining  of  negatives,  and  the  resulting  plate-work  is 
without  the  errors  that  accompany  other  methods.  Further,  the  engraving  is  completed  many  times  faster 
than  was  heretofore  possible,  bj'  a  straight-down  double-depth  method,  which  gives  the  printer  or  elec- 
trotyper  a  much  deeper  etched  halftone  that  contains  absolutely  every  gradation  and  all  the  modeling  of 
the  original  copy,  with  the  high-lights  dropped  out  when  so  desired. 

The  fact  that  Powers  is  behind  this  statement  is  all  the  public  requires.  It  is  admitted  that  no  other 
engraving  establisliment  in  Greater  New  York  can  accomplish  this  result. 

Your  remedy  is  to  convince  yourself  that  the  opposition  salesmen  are  not  stating  facts.  It  is  for  you 
to  send  a  copy  to  the  Powers  establishment  and  have  returned  to  you  the  plate-work  at  any  time  you  mark 
on  the  copy,  however  unreasonable  the  time  may  seem  to  you,  and  if  the  result  is  superior  to  anything 
that  3'ou  have  ever  obtained,  AS  IT  WILL  BE,  you  have  conclusive  evidence  of  the  wonderful  value  of 
the  new  process. 

You  may  either  write  or  'phone  an  appointment  enabling  us  to  complete  our  proposition,  which 
includes  the  true  three-color  process.  _ 

POWERS  ENGRAVING  COMPANY 


The   Color  Plates  now  running  on   the   Swink   Presses   exhibited  by   George 
Damon  &  Sons,  Booth  72,  are  the  product  of  the  Powers  Engraving  Company. 


95 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


things,  Charles  Emory  Smith  came  to 
the  direction  of  the  Press  in  1880  fresh 
from  fifteen  years'  experience  in  the 
journalism  of  Albany.  When  Mr. 
Smith  came  to  the  Press  it  was  a  daily 
paper  of  eight  si.x-column  pages  the 
same  size  as  when  Mr.  Wells  bought 
it  in  1877.  Not  only  was  the  editorial 
page  marked  by  the  most  trenchant 
statements  of  the  national  policies,  but 
in  addition  Mr.  Smith  continued  to  take 
an  active  part  in  the  great  presidential 
campaigns,  his  counsel  and  advice 
being  sought  for  and  his  unique  gifts 
as  an  orator  calling  him  to  the  front 
where  the  contest  was  the  fiercest. 

As  a  result  of  the  wide  range  of  his 
public  services,  Mr.  Smith  was  sent 
abroad  to  represent  his  country  as 
Minister  to  Russia  from  1890  to  1892. 
But  his  most  signal  and  distinguished 
services  to  the  country  were  rendered 
when  at  the  pressing  request  of  Presi- 
dent McKinley  he  became  a  member 
of  his  cabinet  in  the  spring  of  1898,  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  Spain. 
Mr,  smith's  position  was  really  that 
of  general  advisor  to  the  President, 
but  he  was  charged  with  the  portfolio 
of  the  Post  Office  Department.  He  re- 
mained in   office  all   through   the   Span- 


the  beautiful  city  which  bears  the  hon- 
ored name  of  VVashington,  and  to  the 
welfare  of  the  large  and  growing  popu- 
lation within  its  borders." 

In  1867  'the  Star  passed  into  the  hands 
of  a  company  composed  the  Crosby  S. 
Noycs,  C.  B.  Baker,  Samuel  H.  Kauff- 
mann,  Alexander  R.  Shepherd  and 
George  W.  Adams,  who  purchased  it 
from  W.  D.  Wallach,  the  successor  of 
J.  B.  Tate.  The  address  to  the  public, 
prepared  by  Crosby  S.  Noyes,  who  re- 
mained editor  until  his  death  in  1908, 
thus  defined  the  policy  of  The  Star: 

"We  mean  that  it  shall  be  independ- 
ent, out-spoken,  honest,  expressing  itself 
freely  upon  all  questions  of  public  in- 
terest, but  always,  we  trust,  with  fair- 
ness and  good  temper.  The  time  has 
come  when  Washington  city  can,  by 
right  of  her  population  and  business,  de- 


CHABIiES  W.  KITAfP. 

Pre-sident  of  The  St.  I^ouis  Republic. 
ish  war,  retiring  in  1902  to  take  up,  un- 
trammeled,  his  editorial  career. 

During  bis  mission  to  Russia  Mr. 
Smith  not  only  dealt  with  various 
diplomatic  questions  that  arose  from 
time  to  time  between  Russia  and  the 
United  States,  but  also  managed  the 
large  contributions  of  money  and  ship- 
loads of  supplies  sent  by  the  American 
people  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers 
from   the  great  Russian  famine. 

Returning  to  his  chosen  work  after  a 
practical  cabinet  experience  and  close 
association  with  two  Presidents,  Mr. 
Smith  made  the  Press  even  more 
markedly  than  in  Mr.  Forney's  time  a 
paper  that  was  in  close  touch  with  men 
and  affairs  the  country  over — soundly 
Republican,  Ijut  independent  of  the 
schemes  of  any  one  man  or  group  of 
men  within  the  party.  Mr.  Smith  died 
as  editor-in-chief  of  the   Press  in  1908. 

THE    WASHINGTON    STAR. 

December  10,  18'"»2,  the  Evening  Star 
made  its  first  appearance  on  the  streets 
of  Washington,  a  four-page,  five-column 
newspaper,  whose  meager  size  may  have 
seemed  to  believe  the  ambitious  pros- 
pectus of  its  proprietor,  Joseph  B.  Tate. 
He  said : 

"The  Star  is  designed  to  supply  a  de- 
sideratum which  has  long  existed  at  the 
metropolis  of  the  nation.  Free  ifrom 
party  trammels  and  sectarian  influences, 
it  will  preserve  a  strict  neutrality,  and 
whilst  maintaining  a  fearless  spirit  of 
independence,  will  be  devoted,  in  an 
especial  manner,  to  the  local  interests  of 


in  these  six  decade.5,  and  The  Star  has 
borne  its  part  in  the  narration  of  the 
stirring  tales  of  successive  national 
changes  and  crises.  Published  at  the 
Capital  city,  it  aftects,  through  the  use 
made  of  its  news  and  editorial  columns 
by  the  correspondents  there  stationed, 
the  thought  currents  of  the  American 
people.  And  in  this  field  it  commands 
respect  because  of  the  high  principles 
which  animate  its  conductors.  A  news- 
paper is  a  composite  of  the  characters 
of  those  who  produce  and  manage  it, 
and  in  this  respect  The  Star  stands  as 
one  of  the  most  conspicuous  examples 
of  constructive  American  journalism. 
Seeking  the  best  workers,  it  has  always 
soug^ht  to  retain  them  in  its  service,  and 
the  staff  of  The  Star  is  chiefly  composed 
of  men  aijd  women  who  have  been  long 
on  its  rolls,  W'ho  have  absorbed  its  tra- 


management,  are  two  newspapers  that 
have  occupied  a  commanding  position 
ever  since  they  were  started.  This 
prominence  has  been  continued  in  a 
most  striking  manner  up  to  the  present 
time. 

The  Providence  Journal  was  founded 
in  1829  as  a  daily  newspaper.  The  Even- 
ing Bulletin,  which  celebrated  its  .SOth 
anniversary  last  January,  is  entirely  dif- 
ferent in  make-up,  contents,  editorial 
page,  etc.,  from  its  morning  contem- 
porary, and,  in  point  of  size  is  one  of 
the  largest  daily  newspapers  in  America, 
printing  an  average  number  of  pages 
ranging  from  24  to  40  per  issue.  Both 
papers  are  independent. 

The  Providence  Journal  has  had  a 
notable  career,  and  among  its  editors 
have  been  several  men  who  subsequent- 
ly have  acquired  a  national  reputation. 
United  States  Senator  Henry  B.  .Anthony 
was  for  many  years  an  editor  of  the 
Journal,  and  during  the  entire  period 
of  the  Civil  War  the  stirring  editorials 
which  aroused  Rhode  Island  to  a  full 
sense  of  its  national  duty  came  from 
the  pen  of  James  B.  Angell,  who  was 
editor  of  the  paper  from  18G0  to  18G."), 
and  who  afterwards  became  the  famous 
president  of  the  University  of  Michigan. 


CHASI-ES 

The  News'paper   Broker,   Publishei 

mand  a  paper  devoted  essentially  to  her 
interests.  *  *  *  As  a  newspaper  we 
mean  that  The  Star  shall  occupy  the 
front  rank.  *  *  *  As  a  local  paper 
The  Star  bas  been  unrivalled,  and  we 
shall  take  due  care  that  its  universal 
reputation  as  'the  ibest  local  paper  in 
the  district'  is  fully  maintained." 

Thus  the  policy  of  The  Star,  stated 
in  1852,  in  1867  and  in  1908,  has  re- 
mained unchanged.  How  successful  The 
Star  has  been  in  carrying. out  these  pur- 
poses is  indicated  by  the  fact  that  it  is 
now  in  its  si.xtj -first  year  of  existence, 
the  oldest  newspaper  in  Washington  by 
many  years,  the  most  prosperous  news- 
paper ever  published  there,  and  one  of 
the  most  prosperous  in  the  entire  coun- 
try. 

Between  The  Star  of  18.i2  and  The 
Star  of  1913  stretches  a  wide  range  of 
time,  filled  with  many  momentous 
events.     Much  history  lias  been  written 

96 


ditions  and  have  devoted  themselves  un- 
selfishly and  loyally  to  the  execution  of 
the  policies  of  its  owners  and  directors. 
In  point  of  material  prosperity  The 
Star  has  been  richly  rewarded.  It  is 
supreme  in  its  field  in  both  advertising 
patronage  and  circulation.  It  goes  di- 
rectly into  the  homes  of  Washington, 
where  it  is  a  family  friend.  Appealing 
wholesomely  to  all  classes  and  ages,  it  is 
read  by  a  larger  percentage  of  the  peo- 
ple of  its  publication  field  than  is  any 
other  newspaper  in  the  United  States, 
and  its  publishers  feel  to-day  that  they 
have  amply  justified  the  prospectus  of 
18.52,  and  have  been  instrumental  in  the 
development  of  "the  (beautiful  city  that 
bears  the  honored  name  of  Washington." 

THE  PROVIDENCE  BULLETIN. 

In  the  history  of  New  England  jour- 
nalism the  Providence  Journal  and  the 
Evening  Bulletin,  both  under  the  same 


DAN    B.    HANITA. 

Owner    of    the    Morning    Leader   and    the 
Evening    News    of    Cleveland. 

During  its  eighty-four  years  of  ac- 
tivity the  Journal  has  occupied  five 
homes.  The  present  Journal  building, 
which  was  completed  six  years  ago,  is 
a  magnificent  fireproof,  terra  cotta  and 
marble  structure  of  three  stories,  stand- 
ing in  the  heart  of  the  city,  and  contains 
what  is  believed  to  be  the  most  hand- 
somely equipped  and  largest  business 
office  connected  with  any  newspaper  in 
the  United  States. 

Both  papers  handle  an  immense 
amount  of  local  aiid  foreign  advertis- 
ing, as  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  in 
1912  they  stood  eighth  on  the  list  of 
publications  of  the  United  States  in  the 
quantity  of  advertising  printed,  carry- 
ing nearly  3.000,000  lines  more  than  any 
other  paper  in  New  England. 
THE   PAWTUCKET    (R.   I.)    TIMES. 

The  zone  of  this  paper's  influence  is 
in  the  gateway  of  New  England's  most 
densely  populated  division — the  center 
of  the  world's  greatest  and  most  diversi- 
fied industrial  activities.  Through  this 
and  other  geographical  conditions, 
coupled  with  its  own  intrinsic  qualities, 
the  Times  occupies  a  unique  if  not  re- 
markable position  in  the  newspaper 
field 

It  is  the  only  daily  published  in  Paw- 
tucket,  a  city  of  50.000,  the  second  city 
of  Rhode  Island,  and  noted  for  the  skill, 
enterprise  and  diversity  of  its  manufac- 
turing. This  paper  for  years  served 
without  a  rival  two  adjoining  cities, 
Pawtucket  and  Central  Falls,  with  a 
combined  population  ot  75,000.  Further- 
more, in  a  business  way  the  Times  is 
supported  by  the  mercantile  advertising 
of  three  distinct  cities,  deriving  from 
Providence  merchants  in  point  of  expen- 
diture an  amount  equal  to  that  received 
from  all  other  like  sources. 


IfHE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


The   Net   Paid   Circulation   of   the   Week-Day   Issues   of   the 


Now  Exceeds  280,000  Copies 

of  which  more  than  233,000  copies  are  sold  in  the  Metropolitan 
district  (these  figures  are  exclusive  of  all  unsold  copies  of 
every  description ) . 


During 

the  last  twelve  months  the 

circulation 

of  the  New 

York 

Morning 

American  has  increased 

more 

than  that 

of   all   the 

other    New 

York 

morning 

newspapers 

combined. 

The  net  paid  City  circulation  of  the 
New  York  American  (week  day  issues 
only)  exceeds  hy  at  least  25,000  copies 
the  combined  circulation  of  four  of  the 
seven  New  York  morning  newspapers. 


GREATEST    QUANTITY    OF    QUALITY    CIRCULATION 

The    SUNDAY    AMERICAN'S    average    paid    circulation 
last  month  (deducting  all  unsold  copies)  was  793,868. 

NOTHING    SUCCEEDS    LIKE    CIRCULATION 


The  Hartford  Courant 

The  Providence  Tribune 

EVENING     AND     SUNDAY 

Published  in  one  of  the 
finest    evening    news- 
paper   fields    in    the 
country. 

^  The  Hartford  Courant  is  the  most  influential  newspaper  in 
Connecticut. 

^   It  is  the  only  morning  newspaper  in  Hartford. 

^  It  carries  all  the  best  advertising  in  its  field. 

^  It  is  delivered  into  all  the  best  homes. 

tills  sworn  average  daih  circulation  for  the  entire  Jiear  of  1912 
was  16,533  copies. 

^  It  completely  covers  Hartford's  shopping  zone. 

^  Its  columns  are  clean  of  any  questionable  advertising. 

^  It  leads  all  other  New  England  newspapers  in  amount  of  finan- 
cial advertising. 

^  You  want  results.     Your  first  choice  in  Hartford  should  be 
the  Courant.    If  not  already  using  it  see  that  it  is  on  your  next  list. 

You    cannot   do    justice 

to  your  clients  if  you  do 

not  use 

The    TRIBUNE 

The  Hartford  Courant  Co. 

FOREIGN    ADVERTISING    REPRtSENTATIVES; 
CHARLES  H.  EDDY    -        -         -        Metropolitan  Bldg.,  NEW  YORK 
CHARLES  H.  EDDY    -         -         -        -    723  Old  South  Bldg.,  BOSTON 
EDDY  &  VIRTUE         -        -        -        .      Peoples  Gas  Bldg.,  CHICAGO 

97 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 

The  United  Press  Association 

By  ROY  W.  HOWARD. 


Two  ideas  are  responsible  for  the  ex- 
istence to-day  of  the  United  Press  As- 
sociation, die  younger  of  tiie  two  great 
American  news  agencies.  One  of  tliese 
is  the  belief  that  the  demands  of  the 
evening  newspaper  publisher  can  best 
be  met  by  an  agency  devoting  its  whole 
effort  to  the  interest  of  afternoon  papers. 
The  other  is  the  belief  that  news  is  a 
commodity  that  should  not  be  controlled 
by  an  institution  likely  to  limit  the  num- 
ber of  newpapers  in  the  country. 

These  two  ideas,  crystallizing  in  1907, 
resulted  in  the  organization,  in  June  of 
that  year,  of  the  United  Press  Associa- 
tion, which,  starting  in  with  a  clientele 
of  about  three  hundred  papers,  contin- 
ued to  develop,  until  to-day  the  organiza- 
tion is  serving  upwards  of  live  hundred 
papers,  has  become  the  largest  exclu- 
sively-afternoon  news  service  in  the 
world,  with  the  largest  clientele  of  after- 
noon papers  ever  served  by  a  single 
agency. 

While  the  natal  year  of  the  United 
Press  Association  was  1907,  the  events 
leading  up  to  the  present  organization, 
started  about  ten  years  previously,  im- 
mediately following  the  disintegration  of 
the  old  United  Press,  a  concern  which  was 
in  no  wise  connected  with  the  present 
organization.  When  the  old  United  Press 
broke  up,  a  number  of  its  members  were 
unable  to  get  into  tlie  .Associated  Press 
at  that  time.  Some  other  publishers 
who  could  have  gone  in,  declined  to  do 
so  for  reasons  of  their  own.  Among 
these  was  E.  W.  Scripps,  head  of  the 
Scripps-McRae  League  of  newspapers 
in  the  Middle  West.  By  way  of  induce- 
ment it  was  pointed  out  to  the  Scripps- 
jMcRae  papers  that  the  new  organization 
would  result  in  an  arrangement  so  tight 
as  to  make  it  impossible  for  any  new 
paper  to  be  started  in  any  of  the  cities 
where  there  were  Associated  Press 
members.  This  argument  which  had  ap- 
pealed very  strongly  to  many  of  the 
leading  publishers  of  the  country,  was 
all  that  was  needed  to  clinch  the  already- 
formed  opinion  of  E.  W.  Scripps.  that 
he  did  not  want  to  get  into  the  big 
agency  which,  by  its  ver>'  form  of  or- 
ganization, would  interfere  with  his  own 
plans  for  increasing  his  chain  of  news- 
papers. 

As  a  result  E.  W.  Scripps  declined  to 
enter  the  Associated  Press  and  instead, 
started  on  a  very  small  scale,  an  organi- 
zation of  his  own,  known  as  the  Scripps- 
McRae  Association.  This  organization, 
having  as  a  nucleus  the  Cincinnati  Post, 
the  Cleveland  Press  and  the  St.  Louis 
Chronicle,  was  confined  to  a  very  small 
group  of  Middle  Western  papers. 

At  about  the  same  time,  J.  B.  Shale 
was  gathering  up  those  papers  in  the 
East,  who  for  one  reason  'or  another 
had  been  unable  or  unwilling  to  go  into 
the  Associated  Press,  and  organized 
them  into  an  association  which  he  called 
the  Publishers'  Press.  Unlike  the 
Scripps-McRae  Press  Association,  which 
served  only  afternoon  papers,  the  Pub- 
lishers' Press  served  both  a  morning  and 
an  evening  clientele.  Four  or  five  years 
later  another  organization,  known  as  the 
Scripps-Blader  Press  Association,  whose 
product  consisted  solely  of  a  pony  re- 
port filed  to  San  Francisco  from  Chicago 
and  relayed  from  there  to  a  few  strug- 
gling Pacific  Coast  papers,  was  organ- 
ized. Later  the  name  of  this  organiza- 
tion was  changed  to  the  Scripps  News 
Association. 

For  a  number  of  years  these  three 
little  agencies,  each  with  an  independent 
management  and  organization,  struggled 
along  under  a  loose  and  unsatisfactory 
working  agreement,  calling  for  an  inter- 
change of  news  among  the  three.  No 
one  of  the  organizations  had  ever  be- 
come profitable  from  a  commercial 
Standpoint,  and  no  one  of  the  three  was 


a  serious  contender  for  first  honors  in 
its  field. 

Having  gone  on  in  this  fashion  for 
ten  years  without  anv  one  of  the  three 
having  shown  signs  of  ever  becoming 
really  efficient,  the  management  of  each 
of  the  three  concerns,  saw  the  wisdom 
and  necessity  for  consolidation  into  a 
single  organization.  The  result  was  the 
merging  of  the  three  concerns  into  the 
United  Press  Association  in  June,  1907. 
H.  B.  Clark,  who  had  been  president  of 
the  Scripps  News  Association  was 
chairman  of  the  board  of  directors  and 
entrusted  with  the  organization  of  the 
business  side.  John  Vandercock,  who 
had  been  assistant  general  manager  of 
the  Publishers'  Press,  following  a  seven- 
year  period  as  joint  representative  in 
London  of  the  Publishers'  Press  and 
Scripps-JlcRae  Press  Associations,  was 
made  president  and  general  news  man- 


games,  races  and  other  daylight  sport- 
ing events  had  been  concluded.  In  this 
sporting  service  we  included  all  big  news 
bulletins,  so  that  in  effect  the  United 
Press  report  became  a  twelve-hour 
service,  and  with  the  widening  of  its 
scope  came  a  more  determined  effort  on 
the  part  of  the  management  to  make  its 
report  a  complete  record  of  all  the  day's 
news  happenings. 

With  i\ve  hours  difference  in  time  in 
its  favor  on  all  European  events,  with 
the  early  closing  of  courts,  legislative 
bodies,  markets,  etc.,  this  task  became 
much  easier  once  the  hours  were  length- 
ened to  include  sporting  news,  which 
along  about  this  time  came  to  be  in  much 
greater  demand  by  afternoon  publishers 
than  ever  before. 

The  direct  result  of  the  "To-day's 
News  To-day"  policy  was  attracting 
to  the  younger   organization  the  notice 


Cliair 

ager.  A  board  of  directors  chosen  from 
the  three  concerns  and  from  publishers 
of  some  of  the  more  active  papers  in  the 
new  organization,  was  elected  and  the 
United  Press  started  on  its  way. 

Before  the  start  had  been  formally 
made,  however,  H.  B.  Clark,  who  was 
strong  in  the  belief  that  the  big  develop- 
ment in  the  newspaper  field  was  to  take 
place  among  afternoon  dailies,  had 
started  the  work  of  eliminating  the  night 
service  of  the  Publishers'  Press.  As 
fast  as  contracts  lapsed  or  could  be 
closed  up,  this  night  service  was  aband- 
oned, and  before  the  end  'of  the  first 
year,  the  entire  organization  of  the 
United  Press  was  geared  up  on  an  after- 
nooin  basis,  the  'only  exception  being 
made  in  the  case  of  Sunday  morning 
papers,  it  being  found  that  the  large 
number  of  afternoon  dailies  having  Sun- 
day morning  editions,  necessitated  con- 
tinuation of  this  one-night  report. 

Whereas  press  associations  serving 
both  morning  and  afternoon  papers  had 
always  been  in  the  habit  of  giving 
"thirty"  on  the  afternoon  report  at  about 
4  o'clock,  the  United  Press  immediately 
continued  its  service  late  into  the  after- 
noon, until  such  an  hour  as  all  baseball 

98 


of  many  members  of  the  older  organi- 
zation, and  the  rapidly  growing  list  of 
clients  was  soon  swelled  by  the  addi- 
tion of  a  numher  of  the  leading  papers 
of  the  country,  which  while  members 
of  the  Associated  Press  found  much  in 
the  different  character  and  quality  of 
the  rival  report  to  hold  their  attention 
and   patronage. 

With  the  growth  of  the  day  and  Sat- 
urday night  service  came  an  extension 
of  the  leased  wire  and  pony  business 
of  the  young  concern  and  a  correspond- 
ing increase  in  the  number  of  bureaus 
from  which  the  leased  wire  report  was 
condensed  and  relayed  to  the  pony 
clients.  The  leased  wire  system  of  the 
Publishers'  Press,  which  had  embraced 
the  territory  up  and  down  the  Atlantic 
seaboard  and  as  far  west  as  Pittsburgh, 
was  pushed  across  into  Canada.  The 
system  of  trunk  wires,  which  at  the 
inception  of  the  Scripps-McRae  Press 
Association  had  gone  no  farther  South 
and  West  than  St.  Louis,  and  no  far- 
ther North  than  Chicago,  had  extended 
southward  through  the  Mississippi  Val- 
ley, were  made  to  tap  Oklaiioma  and 
Te-xas;  had  been  pushed  northward  to 
St.    Paul    and    Minneapolis,    and    west- 


ward to  Kansas  City,  Omaha  and  Den- 
ver. 

Uhe  little  pony  circuit  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  of  the  old  Scripps-Blades  Press 
Association  developed  first  into  a  leased 
wire  from  San  Francisco  and  Los  An- 
geles. This  was  later  pushed  northward 
to  Portland,  Seattle  and  Vancouver, 
and  southward  to  San  Diego.  Mean- 
while expansion  was  made  to  the  East, 
and  the  leased  wire  report  was  picked 
up  at  Denver.  The  two  struggling  little 
organizations  of  1897,  with  a  chentele 
of  from  150  to  200  clients,  had  devel- 
oped into  a  national  organization  touch- 
ing every  State  and  section  of  the 
Union. 

From  half  a  dozen  cities,  which  had 
been  the  strategic  points  of  the  organi- 
zation at  its  birth,  the  list  of  United 
Press  bureaus  at  which  the  report  is  re- 
layed and  pony  reports  filed  has  grown 
until  to-day  it  embraces  the  following 
cities:  Boston,  New  York,  Albany, 
Philadelphia,  Washington,  Raleigh,  N. 
C. ;  Pittsburgh,  Cleveland,  Columbus, 
Detroit,  Indianapolis,  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee, St.  Paul,  Springfield,  111.;  St.  Louis, 
Memphis,  Tenn. ;  Des  Moines,  la.; 
Oklahoma  City,  Houston,  Tex. ;  Lincoln, 
Neb.;  Denver,  San  Francisco,  Portland, 
Ore.,  and  Los  Angeles. 

In  1908,  less  than  a  year  after  his 
election  to  the  presidency  of  the  con- 
cern, John  Vandercook,  its  first  general 
news  manager,  died.  A  few  months 
later  Roy  W.  Howard,  who  had  been 
New  York  manager,  was  made  general 
news  manager  to  succeed  Vandercook, 
and  immediately  went  abroad  to  effect 
a  reorganization  of  the  foreign  service. 
The  first  step  in  this  direction  resulted 
in  a  replacing  of  all  foreign-born  man- 
agers by  American  newspaper  men 
who,  while  speaking  the  language  of  the 
country  to  which  they  were  assigned, 
had  the  advantage  of  American  ideas 
of  news  and  of  training  in  the  United 
Press  organization   in   thi:  country. 

Chief  dependence  was  placed  upon 
tile  United  Press  trained  men  located 
in  London,  Paris,  Berlin  and  Rome,  and 
to  each  of  these  was  assigned  the  task 
of  budding  up  his  own  stafif  of  inde- 
pendent correspondents.  While  the 
method  proved  an  expensive  plan  and 
was  not  at  all  times  satisfactory,  owing 
to  the  necessity,  in  Irecment  instances, 
of  depending  upon  native  correspond- 
ents, whose  idea  of  news  values  was 
anything  but  American,  the  plan,  from 
the  United  Press  point  of  view  at  least, 
proved  infinitely  more  satisfactory  than 
any  that  had  been  tried  previously.  Its 
especial  value  lay  in  the  fact  that  it  got 
away  from  the  routine  line  of  court 
chatter,  governmental  humdrum,  and 
continental  politics,  and  produced  some 
real  news  of  the  common  people  of  Eu- 
rope and  their  activities. 

As  a  reinforcement  to  the  chain  of 
American-manned  bureaus,  an  alliance 
was  made  in  London  with  the  Exchange 
Telegraph  Co.,  the  largest  English 
agency  dealing  solely  in  telegraph  news, 
'i  he  Exchange  Telegraph,  having  no 
governmental  financial  or  semi-official 
connections,  is,  like  the  United  Press,  in 
an  independent  position  and  engaged  in- 
dependently in  the  collection  of  its  own 
world's  news. 

In  Berlin  an  alliance  was  made  with 
the  Hirsch  Bureau.  In  addition  to  this, 
a  working  agreement  was  made  with 
the  Berlin  Tageblatt,  one  of  the  strong- 
est and  most  progressive  of  the  big 
German  dailies,  by  which  access  was 
had  to  the  Tageblatt's  news. 

In  Paris  arrangements  similar  to  those 
in  Berlin  were  made  with  the  Fornier 
Agency,  a  concern  entirely  independent 
of  government  control  and  dictation, 
and  with  Excelsior,  one  of  the  most 
progressive  and  up-to-date  papers  in  the 
French   capital. 


THE    EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND    JOURNALIST 


AD  COMPOSITION  and  TYPE  CASTING 


The  Monotype 

is  the  only  type  caster  and  composing  machine  that  will  cast  and  compose 
good  type,  as  good  as  new  foundry  type,  and  for  a  production  cost  that 
makes  it  profitable. 

AS  A  COMPOSING  MACHINE  the  Monotype  is  the  most  economical 
and  serviceable  in  the  newspaper  advertising  department.  It  provides  the 
advertiser  with  the  faces  he  wants  and  in  any  desired  combination. 

AS  A  TYPE  CASTER  it  is  the  only  machine  that  has  an  adequate  assort- 
ment of  its  own  matrices  (1,050  fonts)  which  are  furnished  to  publishers 
on  the  matrix  library  plan  at  a  cost  of  $1.S7  per  font. 

When  you  visit  the  National  Printing  and  Advertising  Exposition  do  not 
fail  to  see  the  Monotype  exhibit  of  three  machines  in  actual  operation  on 
news  and  advertising  copy  and  casting  type  for  the  cases. 


LANSTON  MONOTYPE  MACHINE  CO.,  Philadelphia 


THE  WOOD  DRY  MAT 


is  the  most  important   invention   in   stereotyping  since 
the  advent  of  the  AUTO  PLATE. 

The  day  of  the  DRYING  TABLE— steam 
or  electric — has  passed  for  all  time.  The  quicker 
yours  joins  your  HAND  CASTING  BOX  on  the 
scrap  heap,  the  more  rapid  will  be  your  growth  and 
the  greater  your  prosperity. 

WOOD    FLONG    COMPANY 

HENRY  A.  WISE  WOOD,  President  BENJAMIN  WOOD,  Treas.  and  Gen.  Mgr. 

1  Madison  Avenue,  New  York 


99 


THE    EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


100 


THE   EDITOR   AND   PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


American  Newspaper  Publishers  and  Associated  Press  Conventions. 

Annual  Meetings  at  Waldorf-Astoria  Bring  Together  a  Most  Notable  Gathering  of  Newspaper  Men  from  Every  Section  of  the 

Country — Record  Attendance  and  Enthusiastic  Optimism  Features  of  All  Sessions — Reports  of  the 

Proceedings — Speeches  at  Joint  Banquet — Officers  Elected. 


A.   N.    P.    A.   MEETING.  ing  manager  of  the  New  Bedford  Even-  ASSOCIATED    PRESS. 

The  corridors  of  the  Waldorf-Asto-  '"S  Standard;  H.  C.  Adler,  secretary  of  The  annual  meeting  of  the  Associated 
ria  during  the  past  week  have  been  the  Chattanooga  (Tenn.)  Times,  and  C.  Press  held  at  the  Waldorf-Astoria, 
crowded  with  newspaper  men,  adver-  C.  Marquis,  business  manager  of  the  New  York,  on  Tuesday  was  more  large- 
tising  agents,  special  representatives,  Bloomington  (111.)  Pantagraph,  This  ly  attended  than  any  other  convention 
salesmen°of  printing  presses  and  paper  committee  met  the  representatives  of  the  in  the  history  of  the  organization,  fully 
manufacturers  sradicate  men  and  Daily  Newspaper  Association,  the  301)  members  being  present  when  Presi- 
others  who  have  somethin"  to  sell  to  United  Newspapers  and  the  National  dent  Frank  D.  Noyes,  of  tlie  Washing- 
newspaper  publishers.  It  is  only  when  Newspaper  Association  during  the  lunch  ton^Star,  called  the  association  to  order, 
that    so  hour  and  listened  to  the  various  sugges- 


a    political    convention    .- —    _- 

large  a  number  of  men  ever  get  together    tifjns  made  by  them, 
on   the    floors   of  this   popular  hostelry. 
The    holding    of    the    Associated    Press 
and  the   .American  Newspaper  Publish- 
ers' Association  conventions  was  the  oc- 


Those  attending  represented  every 
section  of  the  United  States.  Among 
them  were  R.  A.  Crothers,  publisher  of 
the  San  Francisco  Bulletin ;  Alden  J. 
Blethen,  president  and  editor  of  the 
Seattle     (Wash.)     Times:      Anion      G. 


WEDNESDAY    AFTERNOON. 

At    the    afternoon    session,    called    to 

.           ^,  order  at  2  o'clock,  the  reports  of  four    ^^^j;';^     ^j    ^^^     p^,^,    ^V^^th     (Tex.) 

casion  of   their  presence   m  such  large  committees  were  read,  accepted  and  dis-    Record  •    R    M     Johnson    editor   oi   the 

nu'nt'ers.  cussed.                                                                HoustoA   (Tex.')  "Post ;  J.  M.  Thomson, 

Newspaper   men   are   somewhat  clan-  Jason  Rogers,   publisher  of   the   New    ^f    ^^le    New    Orleans    Item;    Victor    F. 

ish  in  their  proclivities  and  when  they  York  Globe,  presented  the  report  of  the    Lawson,"editor  and  publisher  of  the  Chi- 

get  together  discuss   few  topics  outside  Committee  on  Co-operative  Fire  Insur-    eago  Daily  Xews;  Frank  P.  Glass,  pub- 

of  their  own  business,  the  reason  being  ance.      He   was    able   to   announce   that    Usher   of   the    Montgomery    (.\la.)    Ad- 

that  each  is  anxious  to  learn  from  his  thirty  members  of  the  A.  N.  P.  A.  had    vertiser ;      Bruce      Haldeman,     business 

fellows  anything  that  will  help  him  in  already  insured  their  properties  on  the    manager  of   the   Louis\ille    (Ky.)    Cou- 

his   own  line  of  'business.  co-operative  plan,  known  as  the  Associa-    rier-Journal ;  C.  W.  Knapp,  president  of 

coN'VENTio.N  WELL  .\rTEXDED.  tion   Exchange.     The  insurance  carried    the    St.    Louis    Republic:    F.    N.    Dow, 

In  the  crowd  were  the  faces  of  men  by  them,  Mr.  Rogers  reported,  would  be    president   of   the    Portland    (Me.)    Eve- 

who  have  attended  every  convention  of  increased    as    soon    as    100    members   of    ning    Express;    Col.    Charles    H.    Diehl. 

the  A.  N.  P.  A.  since  it  was  organized,  the  association  had  followed  their  exam-    publisher    of     the    San    Antonio    Light; 

Every  section  of  the  United  States  and  pie,  this  being  the  number  necessary  to    Frank    P.    McLennan,   publisher   of   the 

the  principal  provinces  of  Canada  were  establish  the  co-operative  plan  indep'end-    Topeka  State  Journal, 

represented.  The  cigar  counter  man  said  ently    of   the    companies    now    carrying 

he  had   rarely  ever  seen  in  the  hotel  a  these  contracts, 

more  prosperous  looking  body  of  men.  jj^    Rogers'  report  was  highly  satis- 

The   convention   was   called   to    order  factory    to    the    members    present     and 

soon    after    11    o  clock     by     Elbert     H.  ,o„,.  ^^  optimistic  view  on  the  ultimate 

Baker,  pub  isher  of  the  Cleveland  P  ain  advantages  to  be  derived  from  this  sort 

Dealer.     The  presidents  address  will  be  ^^  j^e  insurance.     He  pointed  out  that 
already    thirtv-five   industrial    and   com- 


"On  Feb.  1,  1913,  adjustments  were 
made  in  the  salaries  and  working  time 
of  operators.  These  involved  a  gross 
increase  of  $.51,300  per  annum.  Where 
former  salaries  appeared  to  be  equita- 
ble and  a  smaller  number  of  hours  a 
week  could  be  arranged,  the  working 
time  w-as  reduced  and  the  salary  was 
not  changed.  Where  no  reduction  in 
hours  could  be  made,  increases  in  sal- 
ary were  allowed.  During  the  year 
vigorous  effort  has  been  made  to  raise 
the  standard  of  the  personnel  of  the 
operating  department.  The  new  condi- 
tions of  employment  brought  about  by 
the  readjustment  will  make  possible 
further  improvement  in  this  direction. 
The  efficiency  of  our  service  is  dis- 
tinctly dependent  upon  the  faithfulness 
of  our  operators,  whose  loyalty  amply 
justifies  the  increased  wages  we  have 
paid  them.  The  increases  in  assess- 
ments made  necessary  by  this  adjust- 
ment of  salaries  were  accepted  cheer- 
fully by  the  members,  virtually  with- 
out  exception. 


One  of  the  regular  attendants  at  the 
.\.  P.  conventions  who  was  missed  this 
j'ear  was  Gen.  Charles  H.  Taylor,  ecliior 


of  the  Boston  Globe,  who  was  in  poor 
health  the  past  winter  but  is  now  much 
better. 

Two  sessions  were  held  during  the 
day.  In  the  morning  reports  of"  the 
board   of    directors.    Melville    E.    Stone. 


found  on  page  1 

Among  the  topics  discussed  during  the 
morning  session  were  the  following: 
"What  has  been  done  Lv  members  of 
the  -A.  N.  P.  A.  in  the  line  of  editoring, 
restricting  or  eliminating  the  advertis- 
ers of  medicines  or  remedies?"  and  "Is 
the  question  of  uniiorm  rate  cards  and 

a   uniform    discount    rate   submitted    bv       — „    -  --  -  - 

the    advertising    agents'    committee    for    A.  N.  P.  A.  who  have  been  insured  by    sented  difficulties  greater  than  had  been 
discussion  of  interest  to  members?" 

SPECIFIC?     GET     .\TTE.NTIOX. 

During  the  discussion   of  the   former 


mercial  groups  in  the  Umted  States  {i,e  general  manager,  and  the  Auditing 
had  made  a  success  of  co-operative  fire  Committee  were  submitted.  The  report 
insurance,  combining  low  premiums  of  the  board  of  directors  was  as  fol- 
with  maximum  protection.  lows : 

"The   year    1912    waj    an    exceptional 

one    in    respect    of    new-s    development. 

Following  is  a  list  of  members  of  the    The    .'\merican   political    campaign   pre- 


C0-0PER.\TIVE    FIRE   INSURERS. 


the  exchange  of  the  association : 

Plain    Dealer,    Cleveland.    0.;    S.    W. 

American,   Fort    Smith,    .-Krk. ;    Bulletin, 

question  it  w-as  brought   out  that  quite  San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  News,  Macon,  Ga. ; 

a   large   proportion    of   the    newspapers  News,  Savannah,  Ga. :  Inter-Ocean,  Chi- 

have    either    put    up    the    bars     entirely  cago,    111.;    Post.    Chicago.    111.;    Daily 

against  patent  medicines  or  have  adopt-  News,    Chicago.     111. ;     Journal,    Peoria, 

ed    rules    for    the    elimination    of   those  111.;     State-Register.     Springfield,     III; 

that   they   consider   to   be   of  an   objec-  Times,       Leavenworth,      Kan.;      Eagle, 

tionable  character.    It  was  contended  by  Wichita,    Kan. ;    Post,    Louisville,    Ky. ; 

some  of  the  speakers  that  it  was  unfair  Item,  New  Orleans,  La. ;  Standard,  New 

to  place  all  of  these  medical  prepara-  Bedford,  Mass. ;  Patriot,  Jackson,  Mich. ;  ^.^j^.^j  ^  notaole  test  of  the  etticiency  ot 
tions  in  the  same  category,  bome  ot  News,  St.  Joseph,  Mo.:  State-Journal,  ,|,g  or<ranization  out  also  imposed  an 
the  simple  family  remedies  that  have  Lincoln,  Neb. ;  Journal,  Ehzabeth,  N.  J. ;  extraordinary  outlay  exceeding  $:35.000. 
been  sold  by  the  druggists  for  years  and  Eagle,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  Leader,  Cleve-  '  "There  were  revolutions  in  Mexico 
have  been  found  to  possess  signal  vir-  land.  0. ;  Telegram,  Youngstown,  0. ;  gnj  China,  and  wars  in  Tripoli  and  the 
tues  were,  it  was  claimed,  as  legitimate  Signal,  Zanesville,  O. ;  Telegraph,  Har-  Bai];an  peninsula,  all  of  w-hich  events 
merchandise  to  offer  for  sale  as  many  risburg.  Pa.;  German  Gazette,  Philadel-  called  for  uncommon  effort  and  ex- 
of  the  so-called  patent  foods,  to  which  phia,  Pa.;  Dispatch,  York,  Pa.;  States,  pense.  It  is  gratifying  to  be  able  to  re- 
no  objection  has  been  made.  _  Columbia,  S.  C. ;  Chronicle,  Houston,  port  that  all  of  this  work  was  performed 
No  action  was  taken  by  the  associa-  Texas ;  Spokesman  -  Review,  Spokane,  in  a  wholly  satisfactory  manner  and 
tion  on  the  matter.  Wash. ;      Journal,      Milwaukee,      Wis. ;    well  deserving  the  general  commendati 


met  by  the  association  in  any  foi 
contests.  There  were  three  national 
conventions  for  the  nomination  of  Pres- 
idential candidates.  Two  of  them  lasted 
twice  the  customary  length.  Both  be- 
fore and  after  the  conventions  aspirants 
for  the  Presidency  made  extended  can- 
vassing tours  about  the  country.  In  the 
end,  party  lines  were  so  broken  that  the 
result  of  the  general  election  was  doubt- 
ful in  an  unusually  large  number  of 
States.  These  conditions  not  only  in- 
volved a  notaole  test  of  the  efficiency  of 


The   second  question   was  debated  at  Times,    Victoria,   B.   C. 
some  length,  but  the  views  of  the  mem- 
bers were  so  conflicting  upon  some  of  second  class  m,\il. 
the  points  involved  that  no  formal  de-  The  report  next  heard  was  presented 
cision  was  reached  as  to  what  was  the  |,y  jhe  Committee  on  Second  Class  Post- 


test  policy  to  pursue.  age,  of  which  D 

COMMITTEE    ON    .\DVERTisiNC.  York    World,    i 

An  invitation  from  Charles  _C.  Moore,  constitutionality  of  the  present  la 

president  of  the  Panama-Pacific  Uiiiver-  jj^,^  ^s  '  

sal  Exposition,  was  read,  asking  the  as-  action  v. 

sociation  to  hold  a  meeting  on  the  Coast  dertaken  for  the  ti 

in  191-5.  As  the  by-laws  of  the  associa-  dwelled  extensively  on  the  imperfections 
tion  require  that  the  annual  meeting  ^f  ^^^  system  now  applied  by  the  Post- 
shall   be   held   in    New   Y'ork,   it   is   not  gfj^ce  Department 


which   was  received  from  the  member- 
ship. 

REVISION   OF    .\SSESS5IENT5. 

"The    revision    of    assessments    based 
on  the  government  census  of  1910  was 


C.  Seitz,  of  the  New    ^jade  generallv  effective  beginning  with 

the    chairman.      The    j^e  first  week  of  February,   1912.     The 

result    has    been    the    elimination    of    a 

as  yet  not  been  established,  further    financial    shortage    such    as    was    shown 

the  premises  could  not  be  un-    f^r  the  year  1911,  its  place  being  taken 

Mr.  Seitz    ^^  gn  excess  of  receipts  over  expendi- 

"-'"'■""'■    tures  for  1912  of  $49,T.34..57. 

"The    balance    sheet    and    income   ac- 
count  which    follow   show  that  the   ex- 


probable  that  the  association  will  accept  "'""  "-'"' ™""t   wmcn    lonou    -"""     ""l  ''-   ;; 

the  invitation  as  a  body.  John   Norris,   chairman   of   the   Com-  cess  of  liabilities  over  asset     arnounted 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  confer  mittee  on  Paper,  confined  his  report  to  to    $31,-iiH-o4    on    Dec.    ii.    IJt-.      rnis 

with    the   Dailv    Newspaper   Association  a    discussion    of    the    changes    expected  condition   has   since   been    rexersed    the 

in  regard  to  advertising  promotion  meth-  from    the     modification     of    the    paper  assets     now     exceeding     the     liabilities 

ods   and  to  discuss  various  advertising  schedules.     Due   to   the    fact   that   Con-  with  no  charges  other  than  the  current 

schemes      The    committee   consisted   of  gress  has  as  vet   done  nothing  definite  bills   of   telegraph    and    telephone    com- 

J.  F.  MacKay.  business  manager  of  the  in   the  general    revision    of    the    tariff  panics    outstanding    and    a    reasonable 

Toronto  Globe ;  E.   V.  Alley,  advertis-  {Continued  on  page  loa.)  supply  of  cash  in  the  bank. 

101 


DIVISIOX    OF    EXECUTIVE    WORK. 

"During  the  year  the  general  man- 
ager divided  tlie  executive  \vork  among 
three  departments — Xews,  Traffic  and 
Finance.  The  heads  of  these  depart- 
ments, with  the  general  manager  and 
assistant  general  manager,  meet  in  daily 
conference,  of  which  records  are  main- 
tained. Valuable  results  of  this  sub- 
division of  responsibility  have  been  to 
enable  the  general  manager  to  secure 
prompt  and  thorough  investigation  of 
all  matters  demanding  it,  efifective  co- 
ordination between  departments  and  di- 
visions, many  economies  of  effort  and 
expenditure  and  closer  inspection  of 
the  countless  details  of  management. 

"It  also  has  been  found  necessary  to 
strengthen  the  personnel  of  the  edito- 
rial forces  at  various  relay  points  in 
order  to  assure  better  and  more  rapid 
service.  While  this  has  involved  a  cer- 
tain increase  in  salaries,  and  therefore 
in  the  general  expense  account,  it  has 
been  amply  justified  by  a  marked  im- 
provement in  the  character  of  the  re- 
port as  it  has  reached  the  newspapers. 

"An  expert  study  of  the  efficiency  of 
the  business  management  of  the  or- 
ganization was  ordered.  An  exhaustive 
investigation  followed  and  lasted  over 
a  year.  The  association  is  to  be  con- 
gratulated upon  the  facts  that  the  ex- 
perts selected  have  reported  in  the 
highest  terms  of  praise  upon  the  ac- 
counting methods,  and  the  conclusions 
in  general  of  the  whole  inquiry  have 
been    highly    commendatory. 

866    MEMBERS   i>:    1012. 

"The  Advisory  board  of  the  Western 
Division  and  members  on  several  State 
circuits  have  met  and  their  suggestions 
have  been  helpful.  The  directors  heg 
to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  all 
the  advisory  boards  are  not  meeting 
in  accordance  with  the  resolution 
passed  by  the  members  on  April  20. 
1909.  That  resolution  prescribed  among 
other  things  that  each  chairman  should 
call  a  meeting  of  his  advisory  board 
at  least  once  a  year,  thirty  days  prior 
to  the  December  meeting  of  the  board 
of  directors,  that  notice  of  said  meet- 
ing should  be  sent  to  each  member  of 
the  division  thirty  days  in  advance,  and 
that  each  chairman  should  submit  a  re- 
port at  the  December  meeting  of  the 
board. 

"At  the  close  of  the  year  we  had 
^■QQ  members,  a  gain  of  thirty-six  dur- 
ing 1912.  We  had  319  morning  papers. 
493  evening  papers  and  forty-four  Sun- 
day papers  on  the  Continent,  six  papers 


THE    EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND    JOURNALIST 


in    Cuba,    two   in    Hawaii    and    two    in 
Mexico." 

Tlie  report  of  tlie  auditing  commit- 
tee showed  tliat  the  total  income  of 
the  association  during  the  past  year 
was  $2,958,030.33,  of  which  $2,949,- 
568.28  came  from  assessments,  $6,182.57 
from     interest    account     and    $2,189.48 


e-xpired   term   of   Frederick   Roy   Mar-  itself  with  him.    The  report  pointed  out 

tin,   who   resigned,  to   become  assistant  that  the  four  years  now  devoted  to  the 

general  manager  of  the  service.  elimination  of  the  free-space-getter  had 

The    following   advisory   boards   also  been  very  profitable,  and  that  much  ad- 
were  elected:  vertising  had  been  developed  where  for- 

EASTERN   DIVISION— E.   H.  But-  merly   the  press  agent  had   been   relied 

ler,    Buffalo    News;    John    R.    Rathom,  upon  to  secure  free  publicity. 
Providence  Journal;   Ogden  Mills  Reid,  press  .\grnt  loses  uut. 

New  York  Tribune;   George   S.   Oliver,        L.  B.  Palmer,  manager  of  the  A.   N. 

■Pittsburgh  Chronicle-Telegraph,  and  V.  P.   A.,   in   speaking  of  this  report,   said 

C.      McCormick,      Harrisburg     Patriot,  that  the  efforts  of  the  association  in  this 

Nominating  Committee — A.  K.  Kimball,  field  had  brought  excellent  results  to  its 

Waterbury    (Conn.)    American,  and  W.  members.     The  sources  and  motives  of 

E.    Gardner,     Syracuse     Post-Standard,  uninvited    contributions    to    newspapers 

.\uditing      Committee — W.      H.      Dow,  have  been  fully  identified  and  many  of 

Portland    (Me.)    Express.  the  worst  offenders  along  free  publicity 

CENTR.-SlL       DIVISION— Arthur  lines,  such   as  big  public  service  corpo- 

Capper,  Topeka   (Kan.)   Capital;  H.  M.  rations    and    large    manufacturing    con- 

Pindell,    Peoria    (HI.)    Journal;    Ernest  cerns,  have  been  shown  that  their  pur- 

Bross,     Terre     Haute     Star;     Gardner  poses  are  accomplished  in  a  better  and 

Cowles,      Des      Moines      Register     and  cleaner    manner    -by     using    advertising 

Leader,    and    R.    F.    Wolfe,    Columbus  space. 

(0.)    State  Journal.     Nominating  Com-        The  afternoon    session   ended   at  4.30 

mittee — Thomas  Rees,  Springfield  (111.)  o'clock,  after  a  report  on  the  suggested 

State  Register,  and  P.  E.  Burton,  Jop-  amalgamation    of    the    United    Newspa- 

lin      (Mo.)      News-Herald.       Auditing  pers.    Associated    Newspapers    and    the 

Committee— Lewis    H.     Miner,    Spring-  Daily  Newspaper  Club  with  the  A.   N. 

field    (111.)    State   Journal.  P.  A.  had  been  considered  and  deferred 

SOUTHERN   DIVISION— James  R.  for  future  action. 


The  mailing  situation,  which  affects 
the  puldishers  in  two  important  ways, 
was  referred  to  a  committee,  of  which 
Don  C.  Seitz  is  chairman.  These  ques- 
tions concern  the  consolidation  of  vari- 
ous post  office  branches  by  the  Post 
Office  Department,  the  result  of  which 
interferes     with     the      distribution     of 


Gray,  Atlanta  Journal ;  Frank  Glass, 
Montgomery  Advertiser;  Bruce  Halde- 
Louisville    Courier-Journal ;    Rob 


THURSDAY  MORNING. 

More  than  230  members  had  registered 

before    the    morning    session    was    con- 


Ewing,    New    Orleans    States,    and    eluded,  showing  that  interest  in  the  con- 


H.  C.  Adlcr,  Chattanooga  Times.  Nom- 
inating Committee — W.  J.  Crawford, 
JMcmphis  Commercial  Appeal,  and  R. 
M.    Johnson.    Houston   Post.     Auditing 


vention  increased  as  the  sessions  ad- 
vanced. The  first  hours  of  the  day  were 
given  over  to  the  subject  of  labor.  H.  N. 
Kellogg,  chairman  of  the  special  stand- 


HEBULAN  BIDSrB. 

from  fines.  The  expenses  and  charges 
for  the  year  were  as  follows; 
Foreign  News  Service....  $237,722.78 
Incoming  News  Service....  216,322.84 
Outgoing  News  Service....  1,804,24)1.07 
General  expenses — 

Salaries    509,201.17 

Office    137,55.3.84 

Depreciation,  office  furni- 
ture and  fixtures,  10 
per   cent 2,754.06 

Total   . . . : $2,908,295,711 

Net    income    for    the    year 

ending  Dec.  31,  1912 $49,731.57 

After  the  above  reports  had  been 
read,  they  were  adopted  without  debate 
by   the    convention.     The    following   di- 


Committee— James    M.    Thomson,    New    i"f .^J^™™!'?!^  l",!'.'"'"f'^l'l^.  ™"'™'"S! 'l 
Orleans  Item. 

WESTERN  DIVISION— A.  J.  Ble- 
then,  Seattle  Times;  C.  A.  Morden, 
Portland      (Ore.)      Telegram;     A.     N. 


report,  which  showed  that  much  had 
been  done  to  bring  publishers  and  em- 
ployees closer  together. 

The  report  showed  that  a  large  num- 

.^      ,        c  1     T    i'      rj.  -,  -         r    -Kj    c  ^^^  o^  contracts  with  the  labor  unions 

McKay,  Salt  Lake  Tribune;   I    N    Ste-  j^ad  been  signed,  and  many  disputes  aris- 

yens,     Pueblo     Chieftain,     and     S.     F.  ;„„  ^^^  ^f  ^^^  relations  existing  between 

■Hogue,  San  Francisco  Post.     Nominal-  publisher  and  employes  had  been  settled, 

ing    Committee— W.    A.    Bower,    Ana-  and  that   the  Chicago  pressmen's  strike 

conda    Standard,    and    J.    F.     Conners,  had  been  adjusted  to  the  satisfaction  of 

Oakland    Tribune.      Auditing    Commit-  both  sides. 

tee— E.  H.  Callister,  Salt  Lake  Herald-  The  committee  called  attention  to  the 

Republican.  fact  that   during  the  year  many  offices 

The  afternoon  session  was  very  brief  had  adjusted  the  open  pressroom  plan, 

and  was   devoted  entirely  to  the  recep-  During  the  morning  two  leading  labor 

tion   of   the    report    of   the   tellers   who  representatives   were  heard.     James    M. 

counted  the  votes  for  the  directors.  Lynch,    president    of    the    International 

Nothing  but  routine  business  was  dis-  Typographical  Union,  told  the  members 

cussed   during  the  two    sessions  of   the  that  the  union  thought  that  the  printers' 

convention.      If   the    members    had    any  apprentices  were  not  given  sufficient  time 

grievances  they  did  not  bring  them  for-  to  properly  learn  the  printing  business, 

ward    at    this    time.      It    was    expected  He    asked    that   the    members    give    the 

that  some  remarks  would  be  made  upon  boys  a  better  opportunity.     Many  of  the 

the   service   of   the  association,   but   ap-  members  were  in  favor  of  Mr.  Lynch's 

parently    all    of    the    members    were    so  suggestion. 

well  pleased   with  the  service   they   are  Jam^^s  J-  F"el,  president  of  Interna- 

receiving  that  they  had  no  fault  to  find,  J'onal    Stereotypers    and  ^  Electrotypers 
"f  they  did.  they  did  not   regard  it 


OSWAI.D  G-.  VII^IiABS. 

papers,  and  the  zone  rates,  which  affect 
second  class  matter. 

The  question  as  to  whether  the  asso- 
ciation should  form  two  classes,  and 
thus  take  in  a  large  number  of  small 
dailies  throughout  the  country,  was  dis- 
cussed, and  will  be  decided  upon  by  a 
committee  which  will  report  to  the  di- 
rectors. This  committee  consists  of  John 
T.  Mack,  of  the  Sandusky  (0.)  Regis- 
ter, chairman ;  Louis  H.  Miner.  Fred- 
erick H.  Stevens,  Milow  W.  Whitaker 
and  E.  P.  Adler. 

Other  topics  taken  up,  but  upon  which 
no  definite  action  was  taken,  were  the 
tendency  of  national  advertisers  to  in- 
sert in  their  contracts  clauses  which  af- 
ford them  a  rebate  if  the  circulation 
falls    below    the    guarantee;    the    good 


as    of    suffi 

it  on  the  floor  of  the  convention 
annual  meeting  of  the   board   of  direc- 
tors was  held   on  Wednesday. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Dipec 
ess  on 


Union,  in  his  address,  dwelt  at 
porTa'*nc7"to"'prerent  ''="§'•;  o"  "'<=  pressman's  strike  in  Chi- 
-pi^g  cago  last  year.  He  said  that  the  board 
of  directors  of  his  organization  had  en- 
deavored to  prevent  the  local  stereo- 
typers   from  joining  the  pressmen   in  a 


CONDE    HAMI^IIT. 

rectors   were   re-elected    for   a   term    of 
three   years,    witliout    opposition : 

JIIKECTORS    RE-ELECTED. 

Charles  Hopkins  Clark,  Hartford 
(Conn.)  Courant;  Charles  W.  Knapp, 
St.  Louis  Republic;  Clark  Howell,  At- 
lanta Constitution;  V.  S.  McCIatchy, 
Sacramento  Bee ;  Charles  A.  Roolc, 
Pittsburgh  Dispatch.  Samuel  Bowles, 
of  the  Springfield  (Mass.)  Republican, 
was  elected  for  two  years  to  fill  the  un- 


tors   of  the  Associated   Press  on  Tues-  ^ympathchc  walk-out,  bu    had  not  suc- 

dav  the  ofllcers  and  members  of  the  Ex-  "f^^f-     Because  they  did  go  out,    heir 

ecitive    Committee   were    re-elected    for  charter  was  revoked  and  a  new  local  or- 

the  ensuing  year.     Following  is  the  list :  gamzation  formed. 

President,  FranK  B.  Noyes,  Washing-  THURSDAY  AFTERNOON, 

ton  Star;  first  vice-president,  Charles  H.  In  the  afternoon  the  annual  meeting 

Taylor,    Boston     Globe;     second     vice-  of   the   stockholders    of   the    association 

president,    Crawford    Hill,    Denver    Re-  was  held. 

publican;  secretary  Melville  E.  Stone,  It  was  decided  to  reorganize  the  as- 
New  York  Citv;  assistant  secretary,  sociation  and  incorporate  it  under  the 
Frederick  Roy  Martin,  New  York  City;  membership  laws  of  the  State  of  New 
and  treasurer,  R.  J.  Youatt.  New  York  York,  instead  of  the  business  laws  under 
Citv.  The  Executive  Committee  consists  which  it  was  formed.  A  new  set  of  by- 
of  '  Charles  A.  Rook,  Pittsburgh  Dis-  laws  was  adopted.  These  by-laws  were 
patch ;  Charles  Hopkins  Clark,  Hart-  prepared  for  the  benefit  of  those  who 
ford  Courant;  Charles  W.  Knapp,  St.  might  be  interested  in  the  organization. 
Louis  Republican;  rrank  B.  Noves,  and  proved,  as  Charles  H.  Taylor,  of 
Washington  Star;  W.  L.  McLean,  Phil-  the  Boston  Globe,  laughingly  remarked, 
auelphia  Bulletin ;  Adolph  S.  Ochs,  New  that  "the  association  is  not  a  trust 


York    Times,    and    Victor    F.    Lawson, 
Chicago  Daily  News. 


During  the  afternoon  session  another 
representative    of    a    labor    union    was 
heard,  Matthew  Wool,  president  of  the 
International    Photo    Engravers    Union. 
PRESS    CONVENTIONS.        He  said  that  the  relations  between  the 
tCoiiiiinicJ  from  /.ooi-  lot  )  members  of  his  union  and  the  publish- 

ers throughout  the  entire  country  were 
planned,  the  committee  in  charge  was  most  friendly,  and  that  both  sides  were 
continued.  to    be    congratulated    on    the    peaceful 

PRESS     AGENT    LOSSES     OUT.  situation. 

The  press  agent  was  given  consider-  There  was  a  further  discussion  of  the 
able  attention  in  the  report  made  by  the  labor  situation,  but  no  votes  were  taken 
committee  appointed  last  year  to  busy    looking  toward  any  definite  action. 

102 


ABOI^FH    S.    OCHS. 

points  in  cost  agitation  to  publishers,  as 
now  enjoyed  Ijy  some  printers:  the  ad- 
visability of  employing  efficiency  experts, 
and  a  comparison  of  costs  between  pub- 
lishers. 

Talk  of  the  abolition  of  the  paper 
committee  was  set  at  rest  when  it  was 
decided  to  permit  the  present  paper 
committee  to  continue  in  its  present 
form  until  the  nresent  tarii?  bill  is  en- 
acted, then  the  committee's  work  will 
(.Contimied  on  page  116.) 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


MR.  BAKER'S  REPORT. 


orth  consideration  in  this  ccn- 


President  of  the  A.  N.  P.  A.  Is  Highly 

Pleased  with   Work   Done — Wants 

Members    to   Make    Better    Use 

of   Service      Offered. 

President   Baker's  annual   report  was 
as  follows : 

In    presenting   a 


Th( 


THE  UNDERWOOD  BILL. 

paper  comnDittee  bid; 


fair  to 


N.   Y.    Herald    on   Paper   Cost. 

In  an  editorial  yesterday  The  New 
Vork  Herald  said: 

"The  three  hundred  and  odd  editors 
and  publishers  of  American  newspapers 
who  are  in  the  city  have  had  presented 
to  them  two  object  lessons  which  very 
probably  will  make   a   deep  impression. 

"As  they  have  read  the  announcement 
of  the  Philadelphia  Public  Ledger  that 
it  will  cease  to  be  a  one  cent  newspaper 
on  May  1  and  raise  its  price  to  two  cents 
because  it  is  worth  more  than  one  cent 
and  because  the  newsdealers  who  handle 
it  are  entitled  to  a  greater  prolit  than 
they  can  possibly  realize  on  a  one  cent 
paper. 

"The  Public  Ledger  has  the  courage  of 
its  convictions.  It  is  no  trifling  matter 
to  depart  from  a  one  cent  basis  and 
double  the  price  of  a  daily  morning 
newspaper  in  a  city  where  all  other 
morning  newspapers  are  sold  for  one 
cent  and  the  Public  Ledger  will  have  in 
competition  four  excellent  one  cent 
newspapers. 

The  Brookljm  Eagle,  a  successful 
three  cent  afternoon  newspaper,  in  com- 
menting on  this  matter  shows  that  the 
one  cent  newspaper  finds  after  grinding 
the  newsboy  hard  that  it  onlj^  gets 
enough  from  its  circulation  to  pay  for 
the  white  paper,  while  the  two  cent, 
three  cent  or  five  cent  newspaper  is  able 
to  treat  the  retailer  fairly  and  yet  be 
able  to  Civide  the  cost  instead  of  letting 
it  fall  on  the  advertiser  alone. 

''We  believe  that  many  of  the  papers 
now  sold  at  a  cent  would  raise  tneir 
price  but  for  the  fact  that  they  are  hold- 
ing on  in  the  hope  ithat  the  tariff  bill 
will  cheapen  the  price  of  white  paper — 
a  remote  contingenc}-." 


ief   report    fi 
year  now  closing:,    1   will   do   little 
than  call  your  attention  to  the  w 
the  several  committees,  depending  for  the    po'ssibl 
flptiiils  of  operation  upon  the  ri-port  from     penses 
enih.    wliirli    wUl   be    presented   later   for     in  nblp 

I  dp^irp  at  the  outset  to  express  my 
very  hifjh  ;i.]>]>rec-iation  of  both  the  volume 
and  quality  of  work  now  done  by  our 
New  York  office  under  the  supervision  of 
L.  B.  Palnier,  oiu-  sreneral  maua.ser.  and 
his  corps  of  assistants.  The  demands 
upon  the  office  are  many  and  complex, 
and  call  for  patience,  tact  and  executive 
ability  of  no  mean  order.  In  expre'Sj^ing 
to  you  my  'apprec-iation  of  the  services 
rendered,  I  am  constrained  to  call  upon 
our  mean'bers  to  study  more  carefully  its 
central  office,  the  opportunity  for  infor- 
mation and  service  which  is  there  at  the 

command   of   each   member,   and   to   ur2:e     _ 

our  members,  one  and  all.  to  make  freer  our  association' 
use  of  its  many  departments.  Members 
of  the  association  mi^ht  often  save  them- 
selves much  annoyance  and  a  consider- 
able sum  of  money  if  they  would  more 
fully  avail  themselves  of  the  credit  ratings, 
the'  collection  department,  and  the  gen- 
eral information  at  command  by  return 
of  mail  or  wire. 


results  of  its  long  aind  persistent  ef- 
forts given  a  final  expression  in  the 
Underwood  bill,  aud  to  prove  both  the 
hard  work  done  and  the  money  expended 
well  worth  while.  The  price  for  print 
paper  to-dav  is  certaiulv  in  sharp  con- 
trnsfc  with  tlie  <'onditions  facing  our  mem- 
bers when  the  committee  commenced  its 
aggressive  campaign.  A  number  of  let- 
ters  have  been  received  during  the  jear 

pressing  the  hope  that  it  will  soon  be 
to  materially  rwluce  the  ex- 
of  the  committee.  This  work  is 
in  able  hamds  and  I  am  sure  that  we  can 
safely  leave  this  question  to  their  judg- 
ment. 

It  would  "be  well  if  all  of  our  members 
would  closely  study  the  work  of  our 
advertising  agents"  committee,  and  bring 
their  several  officps  into  closer  touch  with 
its  work  especially  upon  all  raiabters  re- 
lating to  credits,  collections  and  the  per- 
sons, or  fims  to  whom  commission  shall 
be  granted.  Much  progress  along  these 
lines  has  already  been  made,  but  the  best 
results  can  only  be  obtained  by  the  most 
cordial  co-operation. 

The  press  agents'  committee  has  done 

highly  efficient  work  and  the  results  are 

fest  in  every  well  managed  office  in 


appointed 
the  mcuihi 
Mutual   Fi 


AS  TO  COXFIDENTIAL  INFORMATION^. 

I  cannot  too  strongly  urge  our  members 
to  rreat  all  information  coming  from  the 
central  office  as  strictly  confidential,  and 
especialh-  to  see  that  code  books  are  not 
permitted  tn  fall  into  hands  othtr  than 
those  for  whom  intended. 

One  of  the  important  events  of  the  year 
was  the  attachment  of  a  rider  to  the 
Postal  Appropriations  Act.  which  has 
be(Ti  regarded  hy  our  members  as  an 
invasion  of  private  rights.  The  matter 
was  immediately  brought  to  the  attention 
of  our  members,  r  meeting  of  the  board 
was  held,  and  the  entire  matter  placed 
in  the  hands  of  a  special  committee 
which  has  given   the  matter  unremitting    York     Evenins:     Post,     and     George 

,v  „j„  .ff„„*   *„  -s.  of  the  "Cleveland  Plain  Dealer,  at 


FIRE  INSURANCE. 

recall   that  a  committee  was 
vear  nffo  to  establish  within 
■ship    of   the   A.    N.    P.   A.    a 
e   Insurance  Company.     This 
committf-e    has    been    active    during    the 
year,    an-d   a   report  showing   substantial 
Tirogress  will  be  presented  later.     Judg- 
ing from  the  results  which  are  being  oh- 
tained   in   many   other  lines   of  business, 
this    matter    is   -n-orthv    of   vour   earnest 
consid.-ratinn,  and  I  am  sur-^  that  if  this 
is   given,    the   plan   will    enlist    your    ap- 
proval, and  that  within  the  year  to  come, 
very  marked  progress  will  be  made. 

Not  long  ago  the  National  Association 
of  Advertising  ilanagers  invited  our  or- 
ganization to  join  with  the  many  others 
interested  in  advertising  promotion,  for 
the  nurpose  of  standardizing  circulation 
bookkeening.  and  to  formulate  some  plan 
for  auditing  circulation  that  would  sare 
dnplination  of  effort  in  this  direction, 
^fpi^srs.  William  H.  Field,  of  the  Chicago 
bune:    W.    J.    Pattison,    of    the 


Chicago   Daily  Xews,   Victor   F.   Lawson,    i 
dent,  treasurer,   publisher  and   editor;   Hope- 
ueil  L.  Rogers,  business  manager. 

Chicago  Evening  Post,  D.  E.  Town,  secretary 
treasurer    and    business    manager. 

Chicago  Record-Herald,  A.  D.  Mayo,  president, 
treasurer  and  publisher. 

Chicago  Daily  Tribune,  Robert  R.  McCormick, 
president    and    treasurer;    William    H.    Field, 

Cincinnati  Enquirer,  Edward  Flicker,  business 
manager. 

Cincinnati  Daily  Times-Star,  Chris.  H.  Rem- 
bold,  secretary  and  business  manager. 

Cleveland  Leader,  Wm.  P.  Leech,  publisher 
and   editor;    T.    A.    Robertson. 

Cleveland  Plain  Dealer,  Elbert  H.  Baker,  gen- 
eral   manager;    George    M.    Rogers,    business 


Cle 


and    Pn 


Cha 


H.    Fen 


busi 


ittention  and  has  made  every  effort  to 
safeguard  the  rights  and  interests  of  the 
members  of  this  association.  As  you  know 
a  suit  is  now  pending  which  will  deter- 
mine the  question. 

Another  important  matter  which  has 
come  up  during  the  year  is  the  question 
of  re-incorporation  of  the  association, 
which  will  be  presented  in  detail  for 
your  attention  and  action.  '^Hien  this 
matter  is  presented  in  due  course  of  busi- 
ness. I  trust  that  we  may  not  only  hare 
n  large  attendance,  but  that  this  tniestion 
may  be  given  careful  consideration  and 
that  prompt  action  may  be  taken. 

EXCELLENT   COMMITTErE   WORK. 

The  special  standing  committee  has 
had  many  matters  of  importance  to  deal  Albi 
with  this  year,  which  will  be  covered  in 
Mr.  Kellogg's  report  and  to  which  at- 
tention is  invited.  The  committee  has 
done  excellent  work,  notably  in  connec- 
tion with  the  strike  at  Chicago,  and  the 
symnathetic  strikes  which  were  threat- 
ened in  many  nuarters  as  a  result. 

Following  the  report  of  the  specia'l 
standing  committee  last  year,  an  educa- 
tional fund  was  proposed  and  the  entire 
matter  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  a 
special  committee.  Unfortunately,  the 
members  of  this  committee  were  separ- 
ated by  some  2.000  miles,  and  it  was 
therefore  practically  impossible  to  holda 
meetina;    at    which    the    matter   could 


tended  the  meeting  in  New  York  as  n 
committee  from  our  organization  and  will 
in  due  time  present  a  report  to  the  asso- 
ciation. 

The  A.  N.  P.  A.  has  had  a  busy  and 
a  worth  while  year,  closing  this  period 
with  the  large-;t  membei-ship  iu  its  his- 
tory, and  I  am  sure  that  our  members 
mar  eonfide-nitlv  look  forward  to  a  still 
broader  artivitv  and  a  larger  usefulness 
during  the  coming  year. 


Willing 

Columbia    State,    F.    C.    Withers. 

Columbus  Dispatch,  Robert  F.  Wolfe,  president. 

Danville  Commercial-Xews,  W.  J.  Parrett,  sec- 
retary and  business  manager. 

Des  Mmnes  Capital,  Lafayette  Young,  Jr.,  busi- 
ness manager. 

Des  Moines  Register  and  Leader,  Gardner 
Cowles,  president,  publisher  and  treasurer; 
W.  B.  Southwell,  secretary  and  business 
manager. 

Detroit  Free  Press,  W.  H.  Pettibone,  business 
ager. 


ROSTER  OF  VISITORS. 

FoMowing  are  the  names  of  those  registered 

Albany  Evening  Journal,  John  H.  Lindsay,  sei 

etary,  treasurer  and  jnanage' 


Knickerbocker 

Albanv    Times-Union, 

lisher. 
Anaconda    Standard. 


mrl  hnsine 
David    A. 


rge  J.   Auer, 
Miller,    pub- 


Liverpool  Evening  Review,  Louis  H. 
Brush,  president  and  publisher;  F.  J.  Austin. 

Evansville  Courier,  Percy  P.  Carroll,  secretary 
and   business  manager. 

Fall  River  Daily  Globe,  James  F.  Driscoll,  pub- 
lisher, business  manager  and  secretary- 

Fort  Worth  Star-Telegram,  Louis  J.  Wortham, 
president  and  editor;  Amon  G-  Carter,  vice- 
president  and  general  manager. 

Grand  Rapids  Evening  Press,  George  G.  Booth, 
president;  Edmund  W.  Booth,  treasurer, 
editor  and  publisher. 

Harrisburg  Telegraph,  E.  J.  Stackpole,  presi- 
dent and  treasurer;    C.  McCormick. 


id  bii 


age-- 


Constitution.    Clark    Howell,    edi 
ita  Journal,  Charles  D.  Atkins 

ra  Dailv  Beacon-Xews.  A.  IL  Snook,  pre; 
It.    business   manager   and    treasurer. 
nore  American,  J-  W.    Stoddard,   bu 

Grasty,    presidi 

Joseph 


publishe 
ingor     D 

irmingha 


H. 


Boston  Transcript,  W.  F.  Rogers,  bus 
Bridgeport     Standard,     Frederick     H. 

BroTklvn    Dailv    Eagle,    Herbert    F. 
business    mafiager. 

Crooklvn  Standard  Union, 
president,  publisher,  treasu 
F.    R.   Huntsman,    advertisi 


Willi 


mee-tms    at    which    the    matter   couia    oe        p"  Gla=s   editor 

properly    discussed    and   necessary    plans    -q^^'^^,^  Qi^bel  Charles  PL  Taylor,  Jr. 

formulated.  and   secretary. 

When    the     Cliicago    strike     was     de- 
clared, and  sympathetic  strikes  in  many 
cities    were    threatened,     it    was     fortu- 
nate   to    a    degree    that    your    prf'sident 
was  able  ito  denv  in  toto  Pr'^sident  Berry's 
statement    that    the    A.    X.     P.    A.    had 
raised  $1,000,000  and  was  emraged  in  an 
eifort   to   disunionize   every   offirr-   in    the 
association.     A  report,  however,   will  be 
presf'nted    later,    and    it   is    still    possible 
to   inaus-uraite   such   a   campaiirn   as   was 
proposed    a    year   ago.      Tn    this    time    of 
comunrativp    peace,     and    with     no    war 
cloud  in  sight,  it  is  perhaps  a  better  time 
to  formulate  a  wise  plan  ■and  to  carrv  it    Charleston  Post,  Al. 
to    a    successful    conclusion,    than    when    -.^^^^-^    ^  .,    riK.^,- .^r   t  v 
the  air  was  surchar^efl  .T^-ith    rnmors   of    ^^'^'^;;'^%^^'^y  ^^'^''^'' ^- ^ 
impending  conflict.    The  feasibility  of  es-    Chattanooga    Times.    H.    C    . 
tablishing   an   employment  bureau   either       treasurer,  publisher  and  bus 
as  a  department  of  the  labor  committee.   Chicago  Daily  Journal,  Lester 
pr  in   counection  with  the  general  office,     ness  manager  and.  secretary. 

103 


)ai'v    Times.    Richard 

treasurer  and  business  man; 
;ning  News,  Edward  H.  Cutler. 

News  and  Courier,  Robert   Latli 

Kohn,  bui 


THE   EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


Hartford  Courant,  Ckas.  Hopkins  Clark,  presi- 
dent and  editor. 

Hartford  Times,  Clayton  1".  Chamberlain,  vice- 
president  and  business  manaper. 

Haverhill  Evening  Gazette,  Robert  L,  Wright, 
treasurer  and  editor. 

Moljokcn    llii.lsnn   Observer.   .\.    L-    K.'lnifel.ler. 

Houston  Chronicle,  M.  E.  Foster,  president, 
general  manager,  publisher  and  editor. 

Houston   Post,    R.    M.   Johnston,    president    and 


Jackson"  Patriot,  Mile  W.  Whittaker.  treasurer 

and  business  manager. 
Jersey  City  Jersey   Journal,    Walter   M.    Dear, 

secretary,    treasurer,    publisher    and    business 

manager. 
Joliel    Daily   News,   H.   E.    Baldwin,    secretary, 

treasurer  and  advertising  manager. 
Kansas   City    Journal.    Hal    Gaylord,    secretary 

and  business  manager. 
Kansas  City    Star,   W.    R.    Nelson,    editor    and 

publisher;  .'\ug.  F.  Seested,  business  manager. 
Kingston    Daily    Freeman,  Jay    E.    Klock,  presi- 
dent, editor,  business  manager  and  publisher. 


Publishei 

Knoxville 

publishe 

Los   Angel 

Louisvill 
smith, 
and  bus 
'ille 

ille 


B.     J.     STACKPOI^i:. 

Harrisburg  (Pa.)  Tele 
entinel,  C.  B.  Johnson,  pr 
and  business  manager. 


Time 
and 
Cour 


Chandler,    busi 


Lou 


and  ■ 


Lowell 

Whiople  and  G 
Lynn  Daily  Eve 


•Joun 
Brui 
ness  manager. 
Herald,    William    K.    McKay,    edi 

Evening  Post,  RiHiard  W-  Kn 
and  treasurer;  W.  W.  Stouf 
manager. 
urier-Citize-.. 

Cob. 


;  A.  L.  Hasi 


Item,   Chai 


Rielly,    A.    F. 
H.  Hastings, 


New  York  World,  Don  C  Seitz,  business  man- 
ager;   Florence  DeWhite- 

Newark  Evening  News,  Charles  F.  Dodd,  busi- 
ness manager. 

Norfolk  Ledger-Dispatch.  S.  L.  Slover.  presi- 
dent and  business  manager. 

Oakland  Tribune,  John  F.  Connor,  editor. 

Oil  Citv  Derrick,  Patrick  C.  Boyle,  president. 

Omaha  Daily  Bee,  Chas.  C-  Kosewater,  vice- 
president  and  general  manager. 

Oshkosh  Daily  Northwestern.  O.  J.  Hardy,  sec- 
retary, treasurer  and  business  manager;  G. 
R.   Boardman. 

Oltumwa  Daily  Courier,  Jas.  F.  Powell,  presi- 
dent,   publisher  and  business  manager. 


Rochester  Union  and  Advertiser,  W.  J.  Curtis, 
president,  treasurer  and  business  manager. 

Rome  Daily  Sentinel,  Augustus  C  Kessingcr, 
president  and  business  manager. 

St.  Joseph  News-Press,  Charles  M.  Palmer, 
president;  Louis  T.  Golding,  vice-president, 
treasurer,   editor   and    publisher. 

St.  Louis  Globe-Democrat,  E.  Lansing  Ray,  sec- 
retary and  advertising  manager;  F.  St  J. 
Richards,   New  York   representative. 

St.    Louis   Republic,   Charles  W.   Knapp,   preti- 

St.  Louis  Star,  F.  B.  Warren,  editor. 
St.  Paul  Dispatch,  C.  K.  Blandin,  business  man- 
ager. 


Manchester  Union.  R.  W.  Pillsbury. 

Memphis     Commercial-Apiical,     W. 
ford,    president. 

Meriden  Daily  Journal,  F.  E.  Sands 
and   business   manager. 

Milwaukee  Journal,  L.   T.  Bovd.  publisher. 

Milwaukee     Sentinel,     John     Poppendieck,     Jr., 
editor  and  business  manager. 

Milwaukee  Evening  Wisconsin,  John  W-  Camp- 
sie,  publisher  and  business  manager. 

Montgomery  Advertiser,  F.  P.  Glass,  secretary, 
treasurer,    business    manager    and    publisher. 

Montreal    (Canada)    Star.  W.   S.  Marson. 

Muncie  Morning  Star,  Harry  F.  Guthrie,  busi- 
ness   manager. 

Nashville   Democrat,  Hickman   Price,   secretary, 


SXARCEJ^ZiUS    E.    FOSTER. 


S'ident     and     General     Manag 


Ho 


ston     Chronicle 


ew   Bedford  Evening  Standard.  Benj.  H.  An- 
thony,    president,     treasurer,     publisher     and 
business   manager, 
ew  Haven  Journal -Courier,  Everett  R.   ~     '  " 


Mori 


urer  and   publishe 
Jew  Orleans  Picayune.  Thomas  G.  Rapier,  vice- 

'lew  Orleans  Daily  States.  Robert  Ewing,  presi- 
nd  publisher. 


Orlc; 


D.    D.    Moo 


ager. 


general 

New  York   Globe 

Tason    Rogers,    secretary    and    publisher;    W- 
TI.  Thomson,  assistant   publisher. 

New  York  Journal  of  Commerce  and  Commer- 
cial Bulletin,  Alfred  W.  Dodsworth,  secretary, 
publisher   and    business    manager. 

New  York  Evening  Mail,  John  C   Cook,  treas- 


nd  bu 


nager. 


New  York  Evening  Post.  Oswald  Gan  . 
lard,   president. 

New  Yorker  Staats  Zeitung.  Herman  Ridder, 
president  and  editor;  Victor  F.  Ridder,  treas- 
urer, publisher  and  business  manager. 

New  York  Sun,  Wm.  C.  McCloy.  nublisher. 

New  York  Times,  Adolph  S.  Ochs,  president 
and  publisher;  Louis  Wilcv,  business  man- 
ager;  Edward   Payson    Call."  advertising   man- 


ew  York  Tribune,  Ogdcn  M.  Reid,  president 
and  editor;  Conde  Hamblin.  secretary  and 
business    manager. 


Paterson    Daily    Guardian,    Henry    L.    Berdan, 

secretary  and   business    manager. 
Pawtucket    Evening     Times.     Chas.     O.     Black, 

president,    treasurer   and   business    manager; 

N.  E,  Binford. 
Peoria  Daily  Journal.  H.  M.  Pindell,  publisher. 
Perth    Amboy   Evening    News,   D.    P.    Olmstead, 

president,  publisher  and  business  manager. 
Philadelphia    Evening    Bulletin,    Wm.     L.    Mc- 
Lean,   publisher;    William    Simpson,    business 

manager. 
Philadelphia     Inquirer,     James     Elverson,     Jr., 

president  and  publisher. 
Philadelphia  Press,   Benj.  B.  Wells,  president. 
Philadelphia    Public    Ledger.    Milton    B.    Ochs, 

business  manager. 
Pittsburgh  Chronicle-Telegraph,   Geo.  S.  Oliver. 

president  and  publisher;  Augustus  K.  Oliver, 

secretary. 
Pittsburgh  Dispatch,  C.  A.  Rook,  president  and 

editor;  C  R.  Sutphen.  treasurer  and  business 

manager. 
Pittsburgh  Post,  A.  E.  Braun,  vice-president  and 

treasurer;    Emil   M.   Scholz,  general  manager. 

publisher   and    business  manager. 
Pittsburgh  Press.  Harry  C.   Milholland,  general 

and   business   manager. 
Portland,  Me.,  Evening  Express  and  Daily  Ad- 
vertiser,    Fred     N.     Dow,     president;     I-.     II. 

Drinkwater,    publisher, 
Portland  Oregonian,  E.  B.  Piper,  editor. 
Providence   Journal,    G.    E.    Buxton,    Jr.,    treas- 
urer; John  R.   Rathom,  business  manager  and 

editor. 
Pueblo  Chieftain,  I.  N.  Stevens. 
Reading     Eagle.     John     W.     Rauch,     secretary, 

treasurer    and    superintendent. 
Richmond     News     Leader,     J.     Stewart     Bryan, 

5 resident,    publisher    and    editor;    Robert    B. 
ones,  business  manager. 


;  A.  Harvey,  manager; 


Taunton  Daily  Gazelt 
dent    and    editor; 
manager. 

Terre  Haute  Star,  Ja 
Ernest  Brose. 

Tole. 


Topeka  Daily   Capital,  Arthur  Capper,  publisher, 

editor   and  business  manager. 
Topeka    State    Journal,    X-rank    P.    MacLennan, 

editor  and  publisher. 
Troy    Record.    David    B.    Plum,    secretary    and 

business  manager- 
Troy  Times.  Robt.  B.  Waters,  assistant  business 

manager. 
Washington    Evening    Star,    Fleming    Newbold, 

business    manager. 
Waterbury  American,  Chas.  H.  Keach.  business 

manager;    Arthur    R.   Kimball,   treasurer. 
Waterbury    Republican,    William    J.    Pape,   lec- 

retary,  treasurer,  publisher  and  editor. 
Williamsport    Grit,    Dietrick    Lamade,    president 

and  business  manager. 
Williamsport   Sun   and    News.  George  E.    Graff. 

secretary,  treasurer  and  business  manager. 
Wilmington    Every    Evening,    William    F.    Met- 

ten,    business   manager. 
rk    Dispatch    and     York    Daily.    Edward     S. 


Young,  president  and  editor;  Willis 


ngstow 
esideni 
lilton  Tir 


nager. 


Tay 
McCIur. 


Telegram,     Samuel 
and   publisher, 
les,  John   M.  Eastwo 

treasurer  and  business  manager. 
Montreal  Daily  Star,  W.  S.  Mars. 
Toronto    Globe,    J.    F.    MacKay, 

business  manager. 
Toronto   Daily    Star,   J.    E.    Atkin: 

and    publisher. 
Toronto    Telegram,    John    Ro; 

prietor  and  publisher. 
Owensboro,    Ky.,     Messenger, 

president  and   editor. 
Erie  Times,  John  J.    Mead,  s. 

and  business  manager. 
Burlington,  Vt,  Free  Press,  W.  B.  Ho 

ness  manager,  treasurer  and  clerk. 
Brooklyn   Daily  Eagle,    E.  A.    Martin,  advert 

ing 


I    Robinson,    pro- 
Urey   Woodson, 

busi- 


ville,  O.,  Times  Recorder.  W.  O.  Littick, 
business  manager,  secretary  and   trasurer. 

Toronto  World,  Frank  C.  Hoy.  business  man- 
ager. 

Atlanta  Constitution,   Albert  Howell,   president. 

Indianapolis   Sun,  G.  H.  Larke,  publisher 

Hartford   Times,   Everett   C.  Wilson,    secretary. 

Syracuse    Post-Standard,    Jerome    D.     Barnum, 

Sandusky,    O.,    Register,  John    T.    Mack,    presi- 
dent and  editor. 
Providence  Bulletin.  Henry  R.  Davis,  secretary. 
Montreal  Star,  C.  F.  Crandal!.  managing  editor. 


Sacramento    Bee,    V.    S.    McClatchy.    presid. 
and  publisher;   C.   K.   McClatchy,  editor. 

Salt  Lake  City  Descret  News,  H.  G.  Whitney, 
business  manager  and  publisher. 

Salt  Lake  Citv  Herald-Republican,  E.  H-  Cal- 
lister,  president. 

Salt  Lake  City  Tribune,  A.  N.  MacKay,  pub- 
lisher  and  general   manager. 

San  Francisco  Bulletin,  R.  A.  Crothers,  pub- 
lisher. 

San  Francisco  Call,  W.  W.  Chapin,  publisker. 

San  Francisco  Evening  Post,  S.  Fred.  Hogue, 
president,  publisher  and  editor. 

Saratoga  Springs,  Saratogian,  John  K.  Wal- 
bridge,  president,  treasurer,  publisher  and 
business  manager. 

Savannah  Morning  News,  Frank  G.  Bell, 
president,  treasurer  and  publisher. 

Schenectady  Gazette,  A.  N.  Liecty.  secretary 
and  business    manager. 

Scranton  Times,  Edw.  J.  Lynett,  editor  and 
publisher. 

Seattle  Post-Intelligencer,  Scott  C.  Bone,  vice- 
president  and   editor. 

Seattle  Times,  Alden  J.  Blethen,  president  and 
editor. 

South  Bend  Tribune,  Chas.  E.  Crockett,  secre- 

Spokane  Spokesman-Review,  W.  H.  Cowlcs, 
publisher. 

Springfield,  HI..  State  Journal.  Lewis  H.  Miner, 
president  and   editor. 

Springfield.  111.,  State  Register,  Thomas  Rees, 
secretary,  treasurer  and   business  manager. 

Springfield  Republican.  Samuel  Bowles,  presi- 
dent, treasurer,  publisher  and  editor;  Arthur 
H.   Yunker,  business   manager. 

Springfield  Union,  J.  D.  Plummer,  secretary, 
treasurer  and  publisher. 

Syracuse     Herald,    Edward     H.     O'Ha 


I^OTTIS    T.    G-OiLSINa. 

and    Publisher   St.    Joseph  (Mo.) 


Columbia,  S.  C,  Record,  W.  B.  Sullivan,  pub- 
lisher. 

Toronto  Mail  and  Express,  W.  J.  Douglas, 
secretary. 

Richmond  News  Leader.  G.  B.  David. 

Philadelphia   Bulletin,    Robert    L.    McLean,    cir- 

Pittsburgh  Dispatch,  H.   C.    Rook,  secretary. 
Augusta,   Me.,  Tournal,   Rov  H.    Flynt. 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  Evening  Times.  Owen  Moon,  Jr.. 

secretary,  treasurer  and  business   manager. 
Trenton.   N.  J.,  Evening  Times,  James  Kerney. 

editor. 
Fort  Worth    Record.  Hunt  McCabe. 
Lincoln,  Neb.,  State  Journal,  C.   D.  Traphagen. 
John    Norris.    chairman    Committee    on    Paper, 

A.  N.  P.   A. 


lishe 


Syn 


Post-Standard,   H.    S.    Holden,   presi- 


Friendly  Action  in   Pulitzer  Estate. 

A  friendly  action  for  an  accounting 
of  the  executors  and  trustees  in  the  es- 
tate of  Joseph  Pulitzer  was  begun  in 
tile  Supreme  Cotirt  with  the  filing  of 
notices  of  appearance  b}'  attorneys  for 
the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  and 
Barnard  College,  two  beneficiaries  by 
Mr.  Pulitzer's  will.  The  executors  and 
trustees  are  made  the  plaintiffs  and  all 
legatees     are     the     defendants. 


104 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


The  New  York  Globe 

proves,  by  the  very  latest  method  and  under  most  stringent  regula- 
tions, the  largest  high-class  net  paid  evening  circulation  in  New  York. 


-p  Ti   o  a  TT 


C   H    fl  TS  "T-       ~R   t  rp 


,ui^ 


v.,  „J"" 

3.V« 

y&^^t^ 

'^f^^.r^ 

/^.^/i/ 

(^  ^^..^x 


■<&^^^     ^   eS^- 


/-r  ■H7ui/'(y?.,x- 


G, 


-Z^/Y^^AU:. 


-/&:/'j 


a^.. 


^A  t  ^^A  '  ^^^  ; 


/i-ff  r^l-  M,  .   /^?)«-    4"/*^'  <&-^ 


7- 


J'a.&tv'  <2*fc-.-o. 


,^ 


9Z>v^, 


o£l-^ 


'/,-Ji/,o?J 

$? 


'7-^. 


»/_?„vo/« 


/• 


'S3ffjjj/ 


•"■7  ••'7       <?     -''-' 


j^^ws,  ^<<-L_  x*-^--^  "—'^  -p<c_^ 


/ 


.-■-tra.,,.-^  V?-,.^.t_^.*-t?5^ 


^■^ 


„7/4,  -tfavi  &„:^^.J^  ,jk&^  (3. 


The  actuary  was  afforded  every  facility  for  an  exhaustive  investigation.  ' 

Circulation,  press,  mail,  cash  and  paper  account,  records  were  placed  at  his  disposal. 

The  period  examined  was  one  year,  April  1,  1912,  to  March  31,  1913. 

THE  GLOBE  is  the  only  New  York  Evening  newspaper  (excepting  THE  WORLD)  which  proves  a  net  paid  average 
daily  circulation  for  a  year. 

THE  GLOBE  sells  its  advertising  space  on  a  commodity  basis;  that  is,  a  definite  amount  of  net  paid  average  circulation 
for  a  definite  amount  of  money. 

When  you  advertise  in  New  York  City  get  the  greatest  money's  worth  that  advertisers  can  buy  of  high-class  evening  circu- 
lation, by  advertising  in  THE  GLOBE. 


^ht 


NEW  YORK 

105 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


JOINT  CONVENTION  DINNER  A  SUCCESS. 


Secretary  of  Navy  Daniels  Pleads  for  Elevation  of  Newspaper 

Calling  to  Profession — Optimistic  View  of   Modern   Press 

Taken  by  President  Richmond  of  Union  College — 

Grasty  Explains  Associated  Press  Service. 

Specchmaking  was  not  reached  until 
a  late  hour.  Tlie  courses  were  many, 
and  the  cabaret  entertainment  also 
helped  to  make  time  tly  faster  than  was 
relished  by  those  present.  But  oratory 
was  finally  reached  when  Frank  B. 
Noyes,  of  the  Inter-Ocean,  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Associated  Press,  introduced 
Charles  R.  Miller,  managing  editor  of 
the  New  York  Times,  as  the  toastmas- 
ter  of  the  evening.  Mr.  Noyes  had  con- 
siderable difficulty  quieting  the  house, 
and  even  with  the  speeches  in  progress 
he  occasionally  had  to  rap   for  order. 

Mr.  Miller  entered  upon  his  duties  by 
proposing  a  toast  to  the  health  of 
President  Wilson. 

"1  am  not  goini;  to  talk  about  the  af- 
fairs of  the  Associated  Press,  or  of  the 
American  Newspaper  Publishers  Asso- 
ciation— you  have  been  doiu^  nothing 
else  for  a  week,"  said  Mr.  ililler.  I  pre- 
sume you  are  tired  of  the  subject.  I 
might  say  something  about  the  liberties 
of  the  press,  which  have  been  in  danger 


Seven  hundred  and  twenty  newspa- 
per owners  and  editors,  and  a  few  re- 
porters, attended  last  Thursday  night 
what  was  unanimously  declared  by  them 
as  the  best  joint  dinner  of  the  A.  P.  and 
A.  N.  P.  A.  ever  given.  Good  fellow- 
ship, and  the  good  viands  and  bever- 
ages of  the  Waldori-Astoria,  not  to 
forget  very  excellent  cabaret  features, 
easily  exerted  their  influence  upon  the 
company,  and  by  the  time  the  Nier- 
steiner  had  been  reached  everybody 
made  merry.  Even  Josephus  Daniels, 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  who  during  the 
early  part  of  the  dinner  had  been  in- 
formed that  the  plant  of  his  paper — the 
Raleigh  News  and  Observer  —  had 
burned  down,  managed  to  be  cheerful, 
as   he   afterward   asserted   himself. 

The  prevailing  sentiment  of  the  diners 
was  that  there  existed  ample  excuse  for 
being  happy,  and  a  full  measure  of  this 
state  of  mind  was  enjoyed.  Pessimism 
had  no  inning  in  even  the  speeches.  The 
galleries  of  the  Red  Ballroom — scene 
of  the  dinner — were  crowded  with  fair 
women  who  enjoyed  the  affair  as  much 
as  those  around  the  boards  on  the  floor 
below.  An  excellent  orchestra  had  been 
provided  by  the  management,  and  the 
following  vaudeville  artists  enlivened 
the  intervals  between  courses:  Bessie 
Wynn,  Keith's  Union  Square  Theater; 
Diero,  the  Palace  Theater ;  Eveleen 
Dunmore,  Keith's  Colonial  Theater ; 
Ethel    Green,    Proctor's    Fifth    Avenue 


his  feet  to  speak  in  this  chamber  without 
subtracting  something  from  the  public 
stock  of  information.'  -Now,  there  are 
suca  speeches  that  can  be  found  without 
number  in  the  Congressional  liecord.  1 
won't  say  that  this  is  one.  but  1  call  at- 
teniinn  of  thi'  i'n-sident  of  the  Associate.J 
Pre.-^s  to  i^enatur  Works's  charge  that  the 
Associated  I'rcss  brings  to  us  an  un- 
conscious amount  of  crime,  in  so  much 
that  the  wires  are  crowded  with  it  to  the 
exclusion  of  more  important  news." 
^'         ■"  •      'd  Prof.  Chas. 

Collej 


(laughter),  but  I  mean  fear,  rather,  and 
respect.  I  am  afraid  of  you.  You  can 
make  a  man  look  so  foolish,  when  you 
try,  and  you  always  have  the  last  word, 
and  sometimes  you  can  make  him  look 
foolish  when  you  don't  try  at  all.     That 


trii 


auklin  should  come 
I  one  would  be  more 
id  I  am  sure  no  one 


A.  Richini. 

"I  haw 

E.\ecuti\c 

lutelv    tlw 

.lible  audi, 
planet,"  s 
don't  belie 
mind    some 


jH^t  hcfii  tnld  l.v  one  of  your 
r.inniiirh'f  Mi;il  this  is  abso- 
!i:iri]r'>;t  and  most  nncomfort- 
ncc  10  address  on  all  this 
lid  Professor  Richmond.  "I 
re  this  is  true,  hut  I  call  to 
thing  which  my  friend,  Presi- 
1.  told  me  some  time  ago,  when 
hi'  guilty  of  tnese  postprand'al 
c  said  to  me,  ilt  is  impossible 


HOFi:Wi:i>I>    Xi.    ROCrEBS. 

to  overestimate  the  ignorance  of  the 
average  audience.'  (Laughter.)  I  know 
that  this  is  a  place  of  danger,  and  I 
might  even  long  for  some  refuge,  as  the 
Scripture  .says,  from  tbis  strife  of 
tongues,'  and  yet  there  is  none.  A  sopho- 
more in  one  of  our  colleges — it  was  not 
Union  College — was  asked  to  define  a 
Marsupial.  He  said.  'It  is  an  animal 
with  a  pouch  in  his  belly,  into  which  he 
retires  in  time  of  danger.' 
liOUls    "WiliEY.  *-Aind  yet,   there   are   some   interesting 

cbaracter'istics  which  I  believe  newspaper 
I  isMult  from  many  sides:  they  compel  men  and  college  presidents  have  in  com- 
iis  to  t(dl  how  much  we  owe,  how  mucli  mon :  neither  of  them  is  as  wise  as  he 
\  circulate;  who  owns  us,  and  all  that,  looks;  both  of  tbera  are  perfectly  willing 
inri  nou  I  saw  that  there  was  a  Bill  in-  to  discuss  any  ouestion  publicly  or  pri- 
tioduced  in  the  Senate  the  other  day,  by  vately.  and,  usually,  with  a  fluency  in  m- 
Senatoi  Works,  of  California,  forbid-  verse  ration  to  their  knowledge  of  the 
dmg  making  it  unlawful,  to  publish  the  subject.  And  both  of  them  by  dint  of 
vspaper. 


loni 


H.   B.   CI.ABK. 

Theater ;   and  Lyons   and  Yosco,   Ham- 
merstein's  Victoria  Theater. 

Seated  at  the  guest  table  were  Jo- 
sephus JJaniels,  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
and  editor  of  the  Raleigh  iscws  and  Ob- 
server; Congressman  Frank  L.  Greene, 
publisher  of  the  St.  Albans  (Vt.)  Mes- 
senger; Charles  H.  Grasty.  of  the  Bal- 
timore Sun;  Col.  N.  G.  Osborn,  of  the 
New  Haven  Journal-Courier;  Bernard 
H.  Ridder.  of  the  New  Yorker  Staats- 
Zeitung;  Dr.  Charles  Alexander  Rich- 
mond, president  of  Lnion  College; 
Lieutenant-Commander  Leigh  C.  Palm- 
er, U.  S.  N. ;  Robert  Ewing;  Frederick 
Roy  Martin,  assistant  general  manager 
of  the  Associated  Press:  W.  L.  Mc- 
Lean. Philadelphia  Bulletin ;  W.  H. 
Cowles,  Spokane  Spokesman-Review ; 
Adolph  S.  Ochs.  New  York  Times;  F. 
B.  Jennings ;  Elbert  H.  Baker,  Cleveland 
Plain  Dealer;  Colonel  Philip  T.  Dodge; 
Victor  F.  Lawson,  Chicago  Daily  News ; 
John  F.  Mackay,  Toronto  Mail  and  Ex- 
press ;  W.  F.  Baker ;  Charles  W.  Knapp, 
St.  Louis  Republic;  Conde  Hamlin, 
New  York  Tribune ;  and  Charles  W. 
Price. 


soon  as  the  public  tires  of  the 
iiiitf,  of  woman  suffrage,  and  three  or 
1  lui  other  familiar  subjects,  they  begin 
to  talk  about  crime  in  the  newspapers. 
It  is  pietty  well  understood  among  news- 
pipei  men  that  we  do  not  revel  in  crime; 
we  don  t  really  enjoy  it;  that  we  do  not 
spiead  it  upon  the  pages  of  our  news- 
papers because  it  is  the  best  we  can  get, 
only  because  it  is  a  legitimate  part  of 
the  news  of  the  day.  There  may  be  some 
typographical  exuberances,  here  and 
there,  in  the  display  of  the  headlines,  but 
that  is  only  a  trifle  in  an  otherwise  per-  fore 
feet  organization.  Now,  Senator  Weeks  sour 
and.  i>j.r.  Noyes.  I  am  shocked — it  is  a  the  ; 
Wa.shington  newspaper  that  he  takes  as  men 
a  terrible  example.  He  gives  a  list  of  the  mon  who 
fifty-four  crimes  pu^blishod  in  that  news-  of  our  nation 
paper  in   one  issue.  makers   of  hi^ 

"Now,  I  will  match  the  .Senator's  crime    thinks   Im    is. 
1  am  a  reader  of  the  Congressional    been 


practise,  have  acquired  the  habit 
of  saying  very  impressively  very  little, 
and  in  a  great  variety  of  way.s. 

"Now,  the  psychologists  tell  us  that 
every  man  is  four  persons.  First,  there 
is  John  as  he  thmks  he  is;  second,  there 
is  .lohn  as  we  think  he  is;  third,  .there 
is  .Tohn  as  he  thinks  we  think  he  is.  and, 
fourth,  there  is  John  as  he  really  is. 
which  he  never  discovers,  himself. 
(Laughter.) 

"Now.  these  wise  kuvs  (laughter)  tell 
me  that  the  "wav  to  address  an  audien<-.> 
is  in  the  first  of  these  ways,  aivl  there- 
fore rentlemen.  T  address  you  ns  the 
source  of  all  intclligenco  (laughter  l.  as 
the  men  who  mold  mihlic  opinion:  "s  tH" 
■o  behind         


FBANK    A.    MUNSET. 

would  enjoy  such  a  gathering  as  this  more 
than  he  would — and  if  he  should  come 
and  you  should  taKe  him  to  one  of  those 
great  plants  of  T^ours  and  show  him  your 
marvelous  facilities  for  the  collecting  and 
handling  of  news,  and  the  wonderful 
presses,  he  would  be  very  greatly  inter- 
ested, no  doubt,  but  he  would  be  keen 
enouj^h  to  realize  that  these  were  not  the 
p'reatest  things.  He  would  realize  that 
the  germs  of  these  things  were  known  to 
him,  and  even  the  electric  motive  power 
would  not  seem  marvelous  to  him  because 
he  had  already,  long  before  any  of  us 
were  born,  discovered  the  secret  of  that 
by  his  experiment  with  the  kite  and  key. 
I  fancy,  if  he  should  read  any  of  your 
productions,  ue  would  say  to  himself, 
'Well,  they  have  nothing  on  me  there,' 
(Laughter.) 

"But  I  will  not  pursue  that  subject 
any  further.  Tour  presses  are  in  strik- 
ing complimentary  contrast  to  his  press, 
but  as  to  the  productions — you  may  mako 
your  own  inferences.  (Laughter.)  Tliere 
is  one  riling  which  I  think  would  sur- 
prise him  ^'ery  much,  a  thing  which  we. 
ourselves,  would  wonder  at  constantly,  if 
we  were  not  so  familiar  with  it.  and  that 
is  the  fact  that  we  have  been  able  in  this 
country,  in  .so  short  a  time — that  we  have 
been  able  to  adjust  the  comnlicated  and 
delicate  social  and  political  forces  so  as 
to  make  one  national  organism.  In 
Franklin's    day   we   were    not   a    nation. 


nlly  dntc 


tbf 


^  the   fn 
vho  are 


thf 


-liter.)      There   bn 


Record,    gontle 


to  find    fwith 


(Laughter.) 

apologies  to  1 
disti-ictL    I 


nbers 


TTc 


agivr  fn  linil  in  lliat  pnol 
.sjHM.chi's  lii;il  :iiv  purposeless,  that  have 
no  coiistructivr  course,  that  have  no  wis- 
dom, or  any  reason  for  being  delivered, 
as  he  will  ifind  crimes  in  any  newspaper 
in  Washington  or  elsewhere.  Some  of 
the  speeches  are  of  the  qualitv  that 
Sneaker  Tteed  detected  in  the  addresses 
of  William  R.  ^lorri^on^Horizontal  Bill, 
as  he  wa.s  called.  Once,  when  Morrison 
had  spoken  on  the  floor  of  the  House, 
lined  rose  to  his  feet  and  said.  'Mr. 
Speaker.    I    always   listen    with    deep   at- 


abroad   to  tell   lies  for   tlu 


ntr:v 


The 


•Iter 


dth- 


(Li 


.^ tes  Fes 

cimracter  for  his  own  profit, 
trhter.) 
.  nw.  to  tell  the  honest  truth.  T  am 
fraid  of  vou.  Grentlemen.  because  T  am 
frnii'l  von  are  loaded.  (Laughter.) 
;Vnd   T  want   to  get   at   the   ri^bt   end. 


te'ntion  to  the  remarks  of  the  gentleman    nossible.     Mv  own   feeling   has  be 
who  has  just  spokeu,  for  he  never  rises  to  of  awe  and,  I  was  about  to  say,  respect 

106 


W.    F.    GOODSFZIED. 

His  little  picture  of  the  snake  cut  into 
thirteen  pieces,  which  represented  the 
colonies,  was  his  idea  of  expressing  what 
the  conditions  were  in  those  days,  and 
the  legend  uudenieath  was  'Unite  or 
Pie.'  Well,  they  idid  unite,  and  ihey 
lived,  hut  that  did  not  make  them  into  a 
nation.  There  was  no  national  confi- 
dence, no  national  life.  There  were 
separate  communities  and  a  great  many 
of  them  were  entirely  indifferent. 

"It  was  not  well  done,  at  first,  but  as 
time  went  on  we  became  consolidated. 
ilT^r^  ''--^  have  become  a  unified  nation. 
And    I    think    we    hardly    recognize    the 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


■er  mcivcd  bi-fove  We  have  n  (luiihlp  lu.ninn  of  rlu'ir  s,)ir:t  miiy  de-  is  u^dally  nganii-il  iu  'tho  Associaced 
itiv  Kiriii!:  lis  the  danger  of  sieiul  iii.>.n  yuu.  ( Ajiiilause.  i  l-iv.s  rii.s.'  AuU  I  uui)-.  Hiiud  s.iyiUK 
„,,|H,str  :amps.     Men  sepa-        -Yom-  hitev  r,,i,.  l„si,.n.  I'lvsidcnt  rtich-    that   I  mii  uartieti' ' • 


limit 


US  the  kiiH«:i,l-,' 
and  the  affair- 
trictii  of  this  roi 
lances.  It  is  th, 
brought  reniute  .  .iui'iiiiiiii:.^  -!"-.■  m-  :..ii..  ii,  nil  n.  ,.i-uii.  i 
gether  so  that  they  lieL-imir  iu'lgliljufs.  and  (.in  tlir  .itlirv  liaml,  t  n 
it  is  the  newspapers  wiio  have  taught  us  .-tiiini.iit  fm-  the  to-t. 
to  regard  the  interests  of  people  whose  is  also  tlie  iiiwsiiai.n . 
tiim   as   til   wiiether    ,h  - 


ml  regard  the  other    mund. 
il   rnemies.  abmit 

iastruinent    in    this    auiliem 


iiu,    fur    the  Ilia 

n,-wsi.aiier.  tie 

liuteiit    in-  ..y 

f    L-uid    will  wa 

is  a   qiies-  II ii 


ill   Mr.   MiUi'r,  stmir.   .\ir.  Lawaon.  Mr.   .Xuyvs  and  Mr. 

til    intiniluii-    .\lr.    Wra-ty.       "Yonr  Kiiap,!.      Anti    I   am   preii.ireu    tn   s.iy.   to- 

■r      s     ihit     il.ni-ri>>ii-.     it    is    not  night,    that    unt   fur    rliusi.   fuiir    men   -vve 

ir   i~  a   si.iMT  iMiili.'Urr.     The  gen-  would    not    have    aay    .is-snciated    i'ress. 

n:    iiiKli  ,1--"  i,i:iMM-  have  profited  (Applause. I 

rxaniiir    ".    ilii'    mitleman    who  ■■iiie  Ass.n-iated   Tn'--    is   nut   a  trust, 

krii  liv    his   frii'l!.  I   til  have  a  drink,  and    it    is    na    a    iiiiiin-v    iiiakiii-    institu- 

rinl   said.  -Xii,   1   launut.   I   am  on  tion.      '1  ni-    .\-s 


the 


it  for 


mus,    mingle  a   note   of     twenty   .mmis    it    mthis   tn   ii 
t    with    uur    festivities,    nmri-  hi\al  -i-;\i  i>  rn  a  -j^h-m.  .■M-...jii'rative 
nil   liavr  all   nuti.'i'd  tin.'     eiiicriirisi-    tiian    iiiiv    ntiirr    men    I    have 
I'lii-ral    ilirri  tnr    nf    tlii>     kimwii  of  in  all  hi-tiirv.     -l-iii'V   have  stood 
Mr.    .Mrlvilli-    E.    Stoiir.     liv    th,'    ihiuL'    ti'.im    thr    lii.-iiniias.    all   of 
iim,  I  hrli.-vi.,  in  whiili     tlinn,  and   tarv  aiv   with   ii   vrl. 
iiiu-    a  dinner    has    been         -.Nniv.    thr    l.rim  i|i:i;    ililh.ailtv    I    have 
hi'   has   nil,   been   pres-     uViserv.d.   in   iiiv   ri'iiliniis   wilii   tlie  Asso- 
i.nt.      Hi'   i-   iMiaiilr   I"   he   here  because  of     uhited    Press   ,  iiairs    jrnm   a    iHipular  mis- 
a   slight,   liut   not  verv  d'sahling.  indispo-    nnderstiiniliim    nt    ih"    maiiaL-i'inpnt,    and 
sition.     In  view  of  the  very  great  regret    that  is   the  tiling  w.iili  eivr>  rise  to  the 
tliat   he   has   over   the   eircumstance.   and    iinpressimi   nf   tiip   ini;rai  itude   of  Repub- 
tiiat  we  have  that  he  is  not  here.  I  ask    lies.      .Xiiaii.lv   knnws    wiiat    pi.palar  mis- 
vou  to  drink  Iiis  health.  uuderstaiiiling    is    ii'ttrr    than    we    news- 

•■Sneress  is  siani'thing  in  the  newspaper    paper  men.     We  kniiw  tliat  the  newspaper 
business.      It    is    leally    irneh.    but    it    is     is  tlie  verv  eap-sheaf  in  m.ideru  eiviliz«l 
nnt  evervthiiiL'.     It   is  an  honorable  goal,    effort.     We  kimw  that  ir  leads  the  list  of 
imiilerii     marvils.     hnt     in     s|iite     of     its 
a.-hievements     anil     exiellen,-,..     and     the 
great   work   it   lines  for  file  world  and  foi- 
hiiinniiii.\'.  I  see  .-n  nuii'li  ir.i'.ilie  misunder- 
standing  nf    it.    so   intn  h    erilieism    of   us, 
and    so    mmh    faultfinding,    that    I    am 
sometimes  im-liu'al  to  include  the  profess- 
th  that  of  medicine,  and  ask.  with 
tlie  doctor,  why  is  it  that  a  man  will  pay 


inteiestt.  an  tii  diftmnt  tiom  oni  own 
and  while  the  ninspipeis  I  need  haidh 
sav  to  \ou  hiM  oftentimes  been  vm 
bittei  partisans  \et  on  the  whole  I  be 
lie\e  thii  ht%e  hien  oui  kideis  m  the 
softfuing  of  thi  iiiejndnis  ind  the  (on 
soliditing  of  lui  nitioml  lite  ind  the 
trtnd  of  thi  nLwspipii  tidii  Ibelie\e 
is  iw  i\  fiom  th.  I  il  ind  punin.  nl 
and  tnwtids  tli  siii  ■!  jlitin  and  so  1 
think    «i       iirht    t 


we  ought  to  _i 
ciedlt  foi  this 
done  to    lui 


things      \   11 
English  liii-uu 
\nl  this  .,,    ,11 


torn   of 

s 

iti      nt    tiieic    IS 

that   fed  1 
am  spuki 

_    t 

1 

1  el  ition       ( I 
1      t      sober    men 

1 

It      t  nt— lefeiiing 

to    sonir 

h    ht 

lilt 

inptlin     It    the    fli 

en  1  .  f  th 

hi 

1 

lughtii   1      Back   of 

all    so.    il 

stl 

s      lltl 

11  nt    theie    is    that 

and     s, 

1] 

S        Wl 

em    intLipiet    tne 

lit 

L  the 

age    men  are  evei\- 

',hei,    tn 

1   undeistand   eieh  other 

to    und  1st 

md 

those 

diffeient  from  them 

ledit     to     the 

iiofission    would   ni     i   di-,i  l  e  ti    r   hni 

d    to    paj    no 

piofesMon      loni    tiidituus    tie    mignin 

lent    o,   inuisi       I   mid   i  iih    t     lall   to 

s  t  1  m     thit 

\  ini   minds  Uillnni  (  nil   nt  i'lMUt    John 

1      1]    1    IS       ^1        It 

I  1,       tt        11   1            (,i      1   \       (  h  ules      \ 

th    1     hue 

Hull       11  1    t         IS         Li            ,11,  u     the\ 

lus    it  this 

ti  11     nil       wi  1        il           il         wn   is    of    the 

ihem    min-\ 

|,l|,els      1,     well      is     tin     ,d,lols      and      I 

lult  upon  the 

snppose     speaking    somewhat    ignoianth. 

1 1   1 

thit  these  men  in  then  day  had  a  ceitam 

p,  int  the  wax 

idMutme    i,\ei    us   111   these   da\s  of  the 

\       n,     m  St 

sUlh     It       11     s 

1  1  11  il  111     t 

1   It   ti,  s     i„  ,,   wh  m   I  ha\e  named, 

1             us    hll 

It,       t  tl      111           ,s     these  men  weie 

\t    th      h  t 

,„    tl,  ,1    d,\      ,„  1    ,  1,  1  ition     not    onh 

nt    tiieic    IS 

the  1    ll  m      lis     t   1   ilh     s  ntiln   nt    lut 

JOHN    B      BATHBOBN. 

but  tliGic  .b  the  higiiei  goal  of  the  ideal, 
aud  I  know  of  no  one  \\ho  has  highei 
ideaK  ]n  Dewspipei  piacti-^e  than  "\li 
<.!  ist\       .t    n.     r.iltini.  If     Sun       He    hi^ 


W     H.    COWLES. 


j 

1     ,  s  „_    T 

11  ulition 

bee  uis 

1|         s 

[1     tl 

IJ 

lug  of   ill 

St  Us    \    1 

11,    ,^111 

111 

of  those 

fused  t 

s    11 

1  111  1 

llickmail, 

to  (.hm 

,,  ll, 

t        ^               1 

11 

t   imagine 

In  \ 

l"'\ 

11    1  ll    1     11 
lltl       f    1    I 

t 

peisonal 
m  public 

of  tw  1 
tiated   1 

I    1\   is 

t  imi-ni     t 
X    1  ne    thin. 

nt 

need  tell 

s     n 

1    diii.t 

Utll 

md    hit  is 

1 

~s  hitiel 

hue     b 

t  thi.       nnrii 

11 

SI  gieit 

prop,,  f 

itx 

nd    lui   enei 

r^ 

lie  so  ex 

isso    lit 

thit 

there   is   no 

dangei     now 

A\he 

fntn 

le    that   we 

sh 

ill    till   in 

Ml     M, 

■\"\e  shiU  be 

able  to  meei 

the  pio. 

s     It 

the    glt( 

[■hi 
t 

onh   pos 
IS  is  fiom 

leet—  T 
Point  in 

Keep  him 
m  doUais 
It  ot  iKll- 


1     d 


kml 


JOHN   B.    'WOODWASD, 

in  edueation,  in  bu  h  in  nitionahtx  in 
inteitsts  ind  «e  aie  loniing  to  lealize 
that  the  futuie  ot  i  ui  lountn  ind 
the  future  of  ,he  iiie  depends  unon  a 
bettei  nnleistinding  on  the  pait  ot  men 
who  halt  diffeicnt  interests  and  different 
traditions 

Now  tint  IS  the  spiiit  of  this  age 
and  thit  IS  „  mething  we  hne  got  to 
come  m  nt  i  r  w  th  in  all  oui  pnblic 
questii  11  in  I  \  i\  public  question  "W  e 
haie  to  sohi  will  hm  at  the  basis  of  it 
the  necessity  of  a  lirgei  understanding 
of  the  other  man  s  position  Now  that 
is  moving  much  moie  lapidU  in  this  age 


hisKil 
thit 


must 
ande 


hied  these  splint's  of  good  will  which  aie 
not  onh  foi  oui  lefieshnient  and  our 
stien.;th  as  a  nation  but  -which  cnnsti 
tnte  the  tonntiin  of  peipetual  xouth — 
and  lou  aie  ible  to  do  this  woik  better 
than    anxboh    else      that    is   lour    viork 


thi 


it 


the 


of     the 
b  tter 


pulpit     better    thn 

thm  im  other  igenii  m  tuts  •  iunti\ 
\ou  aie  able  to  do  this  woik  ind  I  can 
onh  w  ish  for  v  ou  upon  w  host  shoulders 
has  fallen  the  mantle  of  these  illusti  lous 
piederessois,  I  can  onh  w  sh  foi  i  ou  that 


II    I    I  w  th     tict  Ihit 

I  1    th         ,,h    m   nibils   nt    the 
,n    m  I  thu  t  11  tin  veils  I  ixas 

1      md    till    foul    oi    hie    leils 
n    1    pill  It,      It    seemid    to    me 

II  me  to  sU  simethmg  about  the 
d  Pi  ess 

I    I   got  in  communication  with 
It    I  asked  him  to  put  down  on 

I  imme   toe   subiect   I   would   se- 

II  Vsso  lated    Puss     the    High 
Alodiin  Lo  opeiatne  Eftoit     He 

said  Thi\  111  not  joing  to  speik  on  am 
set  suhjec  ts  Kut  in  spite  ot  his  injunc 
tiiin  I  hu(  1  im,  h  i  t.  night  ln,.ing 
nn  suiie.  t  md  I  «  iiit  t  tilk  i  little 
in  till  Vs  1  1 1  !  I  1  s>  I  am  somewhit 
(mbiiiis^iil  m  1  ill  in  roth  Assotiited 
Pless  It  IS  1  ,,n  simidi  oiginlzltiin 
and  Its  methods  ai  iei\  diicct  and 
striightti  iw  nd  but  I  niiei  mi  t  mi 
hod\  iniwheii  w  ho  seem,  d  to  hue  un 
thing  like  in  ncuiite  conception  of  tihe 
\.ssocnted  Piess  and  this  is  not  only 
tiuc  ot  the  genet  ll  public  but  also  of  oui 
own  membeis 

Now  I  want  to  sa\  a  word  about 
these  men  who  ha\e  been  our  trustees  foi 
twenti   leais      I  am  ta'king  ibnut  what 


lit      t    M 


Ihi 


1-  of 
IS  ot  the  public 
the  people  own 
It  thei  do  own 
.  ihont  Is  they 
ittin,  mi  jiiK 
s  II  iiM  W  It 
I  til  hell  ot 
w  ill  1,  hi^  own 
u    and    ind    be 


1  piss  It  1  min 
]acki~s  But  \M 
liboi  OUI  tiiisti  witii  th  \  i\  same 
stick  In  mi  c\p  11  111  the  Asso- 
ciited  Pies,  I  hi\i  w,  mined  whi  we 
evcicise  the  ciitn  ll  tiiulti  which  selves 
us  so  well  in  the  <  onducting  of  ntws- 
papeis  It  houK  imong  misehis  AVe 
come  liele  with  l  kind  of  mugwump  pomt 
ot  Mew  I  unumh  1  wh,  n  Alithew 
\inidd  pissed  iw  ll  thit  tot  se\  nti 
lelis  he  hid  bun  loikm..  iiounl  Gieat 
Kiitnn  f,  1  in  h  nest  ram  and  he  died 
of  dlsipp  intmint  \.n  1  thit  it  wis  told 
(t  Eohcit  Lcuis  s,ii,,„sou  coughing  hl^ 
life  iw  11  in  til  oft  "^unoi  when  he  wa« 
told  thit  Mitluw  Vinold  wis  deid  i 
smile  ht  up  thit  worn  ind  win  faci  of 
.sitmnson  ind  he  snd  He  "won't  like 
God  And  it  some  times  seems  to  me  that 
we  do  not  like  min  oi  God  or  the  devil 
— we  are  all  touched  with  mugwumpism 
Some  of  us  moie   and  some  of  us  less      I 


107 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


remember  jin  old  witticism  tu  tlir  cfl'i'i 
that  -tlLC  New  York  Sim  uial!i;.s  \ice  bum 


tiful   every   iiianiir 

'A,    wliilc   liie  Tribune 

made  virtue  lii4 

i'\ '  i\  .ii'U'rnoon.' 

••In  my  ten   v; 

-    ill  iiiai'iship  on  the 

hoard    of    dirr.T.u- 

i    must    yay    tliat    1 

got  a  little  bit  lirei 

..f  tliat  lol'ln  of  niu^'- 

wumiiisiii,  and  1  i 

iist   say    tliat   I   never 

came  to  a  ineetinj; 

exiept  with  SDiue  fear 

and    treniiihnK    les 

some    ii-ati'    and    ex- 

cited   :liel    i,l-inf,.r;i 

•il  brother  should  put 

upon    ini-    ^ kin 

1  of  brand  of  conuec- 

tion  with  i:,r  11,1, r, 

w.-c  on  one  side,  or  the 

Anar.l.M,  ,„,  ,1... 

ilh.T. 

••1    lia\c    11 Ill 

the  As.s.ii-ht.Nl  I'l-r 

-    Ill  liKmnman."      1    am 

a    hiu'b-l."ivali-   ami 

a    fr ii-L;ri-.    ami    1 

wonld     like     t..     s:i 

< tl.im;     lirrsiiual 

about  iIm'm-  jhcii    h 

Assiieialiil     I'lrs,: 

Ah'    km.wlril:;'i.    ami 

acqnnlnlai with 

M'ui  -.ir^  iM.-k  tw.-iuy 

for  .mr  ^.lUiliun  !r 
privatcl\-  n\Mif,l  .■1,1 
establi~Ii  ilir  -crai  j 
tion.  In  ~.:\\,-  tlii>  \f 

and    tliri,     1     kiirw     il: 

associntidii,    iiinl    1    li 

four   or   iivr   y-.w^ 

want  to  siiy  t"-iiiL;l  t 

eMnce  of  you  .iml  r 

of  twenty  yeui^  ,1-1 

to  them  as  lonji  as  J 

■)r  am  an  Am  pi-" 

As  a  comrade  I   love  and  respect  tbem. 

As  an  outsider,  and   looking  upon  them 

as  my  masters,  I  shall  rebel  against  tbem 

when  1  get  good  and  ready,  'but  I  shall 

never  come  ihere  with  any  doubt  of  them. 

( Applause. ) 

'"Xow.  as  I  have  said,  the  Associated 
Press  is  tlie  high  i)oiut,  as  I  see  it,  in 
modern  co-operative  effort.  We  can  lie 
down  at  night  and  know  that  our  service 
is  relUiblc:  that  it  is  resourceful,  and 
that  it  i^  ns  strai.ulit  as  a  stri 


■  rivaiu.  and  I 
nr  their  deliv- 
I  that  menace 
ill  he  grateful 
printing  press 
itizen.      (Applause.) 


"Of 

some  partiiuhir.' 
private  enterpris 
not  compete  in 
stuff,  and  there  ; 
One  is  that  the 
hedged    about. 


Associated  Press,  in 
oannot  compete  with 
[1  journalism.  It  can- 
ut  of  human  interest 

two  reasons  for  this, 
ssociated  Press  is  so 
he  nature  of  things, 
other 


that  it  cannot  compete ;  and 
reason  that  we  ovorlnok  is  that  no  news 
about  government  is  really  interesting. 
People  come  here  from  Europe  and  com- 
pare the  English  paper  favoraibly  with 
the  American  paper.  The  English  paper 
can  print  a  debate  in  parliament  that  is 


N.   C.  WBIGHT. 

as  good  reading  matter  as  a  prize  fight 
or  a  baseball  gaane,  'because  the  speech 
is  a  fight  for  blood,  and  the  ministry  has 
to  mret  the  opposition  every  day,  and  the 
opposition  may  bowl  the  government 
over;  so  that  the  English  jjapers  have  a 
mind  of  news  tlmt  \v(.'  have  not.  with  our 
dead-aint  :i:i\r  i--,ih-.  We  cannot  affect 
our  gov- riiith  nl.  W.-  wind  it  up  for  foui- 
years,  )ikr  ;t  '■\,^r\,  .uid  you  men  watch 
it  until  it  runs  down  ;  while  the  English 
■paper  can  talk  about  government  every 
day. 

-I  toll  you.  my  frii'iid^;.  that  the  great 
i:'ii":  .''-^--w  ..iir  i.ii'iltri,  \ .  the  thing  that 
.'■'II-  .1     :    .'III'       ■■    ■>  :iliia'ble   is  co- 

■:'■  i"-i '  ■■■I  I  ■'  i>'"i  ■  V  I'Ti'-s.  the  uews- 
p.il'iT  iMi'tll.ii,\  lii.'  i-i',Mli:i)it  co-opera- 
linii.  is  ttii'  niii'  l»ig  new  condition  in 
Democracy  that  bids  us  strive  against  the 
world  foUie.-!  of  the  past.     It  must  have 


with  some  provision  of  this  coudi-  iIk 

Hint  Jefferson  said  lir  wonid  rather  nij 

|i.i|'iTs     wiiihiiit     •^M\rriiiii.-ut,     than  rrt 

■niiii'iir    wiilii.ii,    :,,.u^;M|,rr^.      If  he 

1  s!\   ruK  111  h  -  1  ,iN.'.   >',  :,.ii  .jould  not  .,. 


nble 


id    fn 


■.I     Hi' 


littl.' 


nude 


'.  But  that  little 
army,  sustained  and  supported  by  the 
public  opinion  of  the  world,  and  that 
■public  opinion  created  and  solidified  and 
made  invincible  by  au  enlightened,  in- 
corrupti'ble,  free  pi'ess. 

"And  when  we  look  a  little  further  to 
the  Orient,  we  see  a  little  yellow  race 
emerging  from  semi-barbari.sm  in  a  single 
generation,  learning  from  our  printing 
ctice  all  the 


rts    of    pi 


thou 


111    l.|nt„|: 


that 
acquiring 


for 


;md  as 


look 


■itb 


realize  that  what 
without  money  and  without  price,  have 
raised  up  against  us  a  possible  enemy 
in  a  little  yellow  race  scarcely  live  feet 
tall  and  weighing  scarcely  a  hundred 
pounds  per  unit,  but  as  good  as  we  are, 
man  for  man,  on  the  battleship  and  on 
the  firing-line.  And  when  we  turn  our 
minds  and  hearts  from  contemplating 
that    subject,    ought    it    not    to    be    with 


lATATETTE     YOUNG,     JB. 

some  new  feeling  of  devotion  and  gentle- 
ness for  our  own  kith  and  kinV  When 
John  Pierpout  Jlorgan  sends  back  from 
the  very  gates  of  eternity  a  message  of 
f'aith  and  love,  isnt't  it  time  for  us  to 
think  of  putting  a  little  of  that  spirit 
into  our  w-orka,day  life?  I  heard  a  story 
of  a  little  girl  who  was  walking  on  one 
of  the  East  Side  streets  of  this  great, 
cruel  city,  carrying  a  baby  almost  as  big 
as  she  was.  and  a  passer-by,  touched  with 
the  pity  of  it,  snid  :  *You  ought  not  to 
be  carrying  such  a  burden ;  it  is  too 
heavy  for  you."  And  she  turned  up  to 
him  her  little  wondering  face  and  said, 
'Why,  he  isn't  heavy,  he  is  my  brother.' 
"My  friends,  may  we  not  stand  to- 
gether in  this  work  of  the  Associated 
Press  and  in  our  work  for  this  great 
Rei3U'blic.  in  some  sucli  spirit  as  that?" 
(Applause.) 

Josephus  Daniels.  Secretary  of  the 
United  States  Navy,  the  next  speaker, 
said  that  though  the  savings  of  a  life- 
time had  just  been  swept  away  by  fire, 
there  was  no  occasion  to  take  a  gloomy 
view  of  life  and  that  in  accord  with 
this  he  had  fully  enjoyed  the  dinner. 
He  made  a  plea  "for  the  uplift  of  jour- 
nalism from  a  calling  to  a  profession 
and  outlined  the  great  advantages  to  be 
derived  from  this.  Quack  doctors  and 
shyster  lawyers  were  given  no  standing 
in  their  professions,  and  either  had  to 
reform  or  drop  out.  In  their  case  this 
had  operated  for  the  good  of  all.  Ap- 
plying a  similar  principle  to  journalism, 
Mr.  Daniels  thought,  would  drive  from 


Icid    the    irresponsible    newspaper 
who  now  su  often  succt 
ing  his  co-laborers. 
rodiK'l 


luuk    ._.    ....    

horizontally. 

•'We  see  the  star  and  crescent  sinking 
back  into  Asia,  and  over  Mohammed's 
li^rcai  fipital  liangs  the  Cross,  and  in  the 
ii\ .■  Iiiijiilii-ii  niosuues  of  Constantinople 
111-'  pia.M'i-  Allah.  Allah  is  the  true  God,' 
thful.     What 


otten  succeeds  in  dis- 

A.liiiiial    I.-i 

lix    A-iiiis.    .■oininandius    the 

iborers. 

1  laii^iT    Aim 

ri' ail  :    will   ri'ii'i\,id   bis  stlil- 

.    Daniels,    Mr.    Miller 

ami    lias   l,.,l 

1    iiuiitr,'   ,1:    a    r.-ntury   aw. 
till-  "III  l;.-|.iilili.-an  lieet  into 

live    in    the    midst    of 

iii.iu.\    u   sail 

aarbor.     ijut  m  the  squalls 

at  is   the   sense  of  se- 

■ iiis    order   was,    •'Keep    the 

course,  quartermaster,"  and 

tt  diiimM-,  knowing  that 

keeping  hLs 

orders,   for   the  Krst   time  in 

a  seore  of 

■ears,  be  saw  the  old  Demo- 

i:i     .i  ■    1  -lait    and 

cratic    ship 

leave    him    far    astern.      To 

idc'l  for ;  what 
Tailed  in.  will 
months 


aj-     that 


d  to  the  -v 
I  wlsii.  in  your  behalf. 
tify    to    him    the    distr^ 


to   dwell   for   a 

news   which,   I 

lieated     to    you, 

ihint   in    Ualeisb 


WZXiIiIAM    C.    BEIGE. 


HENBT  B.   DAV£S. 

cern  with  which  we  have  heard  of  his 
loss;  our  sympathy,  and  the  espj-essious 
of  our  'hope  that  in  this  case  the  Phoenix 
may  not  be  the  bird  of  fable,  iDut  a  real- 
ity in  history. 

"Gentlemen,  I  have  tlie  honor  to  intro- 
duce the  Secretary  of  the  Navy." 
Mr.  Daniels  said,  among  other  things : 

It  is  very  pleasant  for  me  to  be  here 
to-night,  and  I  wish  to  -tliiank  my  breth- 
ren of  the  press  for  the  honor  they  have 
done  me.  I  have  for  thirty  year.-;  been 
continuously  engaged  in  "sea  service," 
and  my  present  position  is  my  first  shore 
assignment  in  these  years.  For  that  long 
period  I  have  been  in  command  of  a 
"gun-boat"  on  Hie  sea  of  journalism,  and 
a  rough,  stormy  sea  it  has  been  at  times, 
as  all  newspaper  men  will  appreciate.  A 
few  weeks  ago  the  commander-in-chief 
of  the  American  army  and  navy  decided 
that  a  man  who  had  had  thirty  years  of 
sea  service  ought  to  be  detailed  on  shore, 
where  he  could  make  assignments  for  the 
officers  of  the  navy. 

During  the  years  that  I  have  been 
commanding  a  "gun-boat"  on  the  journal- 
istic high  sea,  my  friend,  Melville  E. 
Stone,  has  heen  in  command  of  a  "dread- 
naught"  :  William  IRandolpb  Hearst  has 
been  in  command  of  a  "flotilla  of  torpedo 
tooats."  firing  simultaneously  from  New 
York.  Boston.  San  Francisco  and  Los 
Angeles,  not  (<i  spi^k  nf  pnints  in  the  in- 
terior; Ralph  I'ulitziM-  lias  been  on  the 
outposts  and  wiili  livilrojihinrs  able  to 
drop  hiinilis  intti  II1C  rniiip^  of  th.-  real 
eneniic-;  nf  rnif  di'ino.-r:M\- ;  Colonel  Nel- 
son lia-  sou-ill   liy  rln"'  propi'r  omjtloynKMit 


tliuse  and  the  other  able  navigators,  my 
brethreu,  in  command  of  our  newspaper 
craft,  I  gi\-c  greetings  to-night  from  the 
new  detail  that  gives  no  temporary  serv- 
ice ashore.  As  long  as  such  vigilant  men 
are  on  the  turret,  no  harm  can  come  to 
America  or  American  interests. 

I  hope  I  will  be  pardoned  for  saying 
that  we  have  had  two  Presidents  in  the 
last  half  century  who  gave  peculiar  evi- 
dence, from  an  editorial  point  of  view,  for 
the  wise  exercise  of  the  high  duties  of 
the  greatest  office  in  the  '^^■orld.  I  refer 
to  Abiuham  Lincoln  and  Woudrow  ^ViI- 
son.  I  sa,v  tiiis,  not  because  of  the  great- 
ness of  the  martyred  President,  nor  of 
the  scholarship  of  our  present  executive. 
1  give  them  this  higl>  place  in  this  pres- 
ence solely  'because  they  are  the  only 
Presidents  wlio  kin-w  exactly  whci-i-  to  so 
when  they  came  to  uanu^  a'  S.'ci-curv  of 
the  Navy.  Other  PrcsideiUs  have  sup- 
posed that  the  training  for  tliis  iiii^h  of- 
fice was  to  be  found  in  law  nr  in  business 
or  in  sea-farinff.  These  two  I'lvsirients 
understood  the  real  necil<  nf  ihe  Xaw. 
They  believed  in  the  princiiile  in  rin..'i- 
■fore  : 

"Stick  to  your  deck  and  never  go  to  sea. 
And  you  all  may  be  rulers  of  the  Queen's 
navee." 

They  understood  that  what  is  neMed 
was  not  so  much  a  man  wto  could  talk 
in  the  saillor  vocabulary  of  starboard  and 
port,  but  what  really  was  called  for  at 
the  head  of  the  Na\'j-  was  a  managing 
editor,  one  who  understood  how  to  make 
assignments,  and  to  juit  the  right  men  in 
the  right  place  at  the  right  time.  You 
will  all  recall  the  story  of  the  definition 
given  'by  the  famous  John  McCuUoch. 
etlitor  of  the  St.  Louis  Globe-Democrat, 
and  one  of  the  men  who  laave  added 
lustre  to  our  profession  as  to  what  con- 
stitutes the  qualifications  of  a  good  man- 
aging editor.  It  is  related  that  a  yonng 
man,  ambitious  to  'belong  to  the  same 
profession  which  produced  McOuUoch. 
went  to  the  editor  and  expressed  the  de- 
sire to  wear  his  mantle  after  he  lias  gone 
to  the  place  ■where  all  good  editors  go. 
The  young  man  asked  what  he  should 
do  to  become  a  great  managing  editor. 
McCulloch  replied  :  "You  need  Imt  one 
qualification — you  must  know  where  hell 
will  'bi-eak  loose  next  and  have  a  man  on 
the  spot."  The  test  of  a  Secretary  of  the 
Xaw  is  whether  he  is  a  sood  niannixiui; 
editor.  If  he  is.  he  will  chleflv  concern 
hiiii.eT  tli:if   Ihis  strong  right  arm  of  the 


a!w:i 


the 


■d  to  uphold  the  just  demands 

i^\•  nf  the  country,  and  know 
^\o  7nay  'break  loose  n.-xt  and 
III  a  well-manned  sliip  on  the 


Medill  M -roniia 

■1;     •• 

r       ■     Miinsev 

has     h    la,      llir     |i; 

..<     this 

new  ilniiUa  11''  - 

iliiii'i  ■■  11 

-    «    ,;.■  ,    ran-ied 

years  1 

nvard  the  "ides 

of  last    Xiiviaiiliri 

Oiiv     Mmia-iM 

I'fiend, 

Colonel    Henry 

WntlriMai.    lanl.- 

11'^   roar 

admir.il   of   the 

old  His rali  ■  1 

■■■t,  i-oiiit 

lamlin^  rlie  bat- 

like 


rnalii 


vliifb 


\1." 
in    Washii 


e:ni 
,id   a 


ties 


K.'i 


■  111.  issiirs  to  himself. 
is  the  iiH.stbiilliaiit  and  amlaeious  naval 
officer  since  the  days  of  .Tohn  Panl  .Tones, 
to  whom,  in  his  adventurous  spirit  and 
enterprise,   he    is   akin ;    always   gallant. 


tbon-htful  s-ent 
few  nishts  aso.  Tie  was  the  sort  of  Mr 
ATolfldlv  Wiseninn  who  could  not  con- 
ceive of  a  lite  work  that  did  unt  "vol- 
plane" low  enoutrh  from  .soarins  ideals  to 
tniirli  liread  and  butter,  and  in  whose 
mind  there  mtlst  he  eirrinl  iiliilaiinirnpy. 
and  live  tier  cent,  of  it  is  worth  a  man's 
while.  It  is  true  that  in  niir  lar-e  rities 
a  newspaper  property,  once  firmly  estab- 
lished, is  a  money-makinff  'business,  and 
the   editors    do    now    make   money    in   a 


108 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


The  Morning  and  Sunday  Post 

The  Pittsburgh  Post,  originally  called  The  Common- 
wealth, was  established  in  1804,  bj'  Ephraim  Pentland, 
About  seven  years  later,  in  1811,  The  Commonwealth  was 
consolidated  with  The  Mercury,  which  paper  was  estabhshed  by  James  G. 
Gilleland,  and  for  about  thirty  years  was  published  under  the  name  of  The 
Mercury.  In  1824  The  Allegheny  Democrat  was  established  by  John  McFar- 
land,  and  in  1831  The  American  Manufacturer  was  established  by  William  B. 
McConway.  In  1841  these  two  papers  were  also  absorbed  by  The  Mercury, 
the  title  of  the  paper  being  changed  to  The  Mercury  and  Manufacturer.  This 
paper  was  then  purchased  by  William  H.  Smith  and  Thomas  Phillips  in  1841, 
and  on  September  10,  1842,  these  publications  dropped  the  old  title,  issuing  the 
paper  under  the  name  of  the  Daily  Post,  so  the  Pitsburgh  Post  has  come 
down  in  unbroken   succession   from  1804. 

The  Post  has  been  the  leading  Democratic  newspaper  of  Pennsylvania  for 
Vl  years,  and  is  the  only  Democratic  Morning  Daily  Newspaper  published  in 
Pittsburgh.  The  paper  has  always  held  an  important  position  in  all  the  affairs 
of  the  city  and  county,  has  never  swerved  in  its  support  of  Democratic  prin- 
ciples and  candidates,  and  was  in  the  foreground  during  the  great  democratic 
upheaval  and  victory  last    fall,   staunchly  advocating  Wilson's  election. 

The  Evening  Sun 

On  March  1,  1906,  The  Pittsburgh  Sun  was  established  as  an  afternoon 
daily  newspaper,  which  is  already  recognized  by  many  advertisers,  both  local 
and  national,  as  the  leading  afternoon  medium  in  the  Pittsburgh  field.  As  a 
matter  of  fact  the  most  remarkable  record  made  by  both  papers  was  when 
The  Post  and  The  Sun  passed  into  the  control  of  a  new  ownership,  which 
took  place  in  the  latter  part  of  1911,  when  Emil  M.  Scholz  became  General 
Manager,  and  new  blood  and  energy  was  infused. 

Under  the  stimulus  of  new  ownership,  new  management  and  new  methods, 
great  strides  forward  have  been  made  with  both  papers.  The  general  staff  in 
charge  of  The  Post  and  The  Sun  is  comprised  of  the  following: 


Th£  PiTTSBURi^  Tost. 

THS  PfTTSBUR(3-  SUfT 
Wood  SrjfaT  yiN'£iXieBii'''y-^T^^- 


J.  E.  TROWER. 


[.    GIVEN President 

A.  E.  BRAUN Vice-President  and  Treasurer. 

EMIL    M.    SCHOLZ General  Manager 

R.    M.    IRVIN Secretary 

JOSEPH    H.    MYERS Editor 

Advertising  Manager 

CONE,   LORENZEN   &  WOODMAN, 
Foreign  Advertising  Representatives, 
New  York,  Kansas  City,  Detroit,  Chicago. 

With  unlimited  energy  land  action,  the  editorial  policies  of  both  papers  %vere 
broadened,  the  entire  staff  put  upon  its  mettle  to  make  The  Morning  and  Sun- 
Jay  iPost  and  The  Evening  Sun  the  very  best  possible,  not  only  for  Pittsburgh, 
but  for  the  wide  territory  they  now  cover. 

Fortified  with  ample  backbone  and  force  and  with  every  department 
gingered  up  to  high  speed  action.  The  Post  and  The  Sun  made  new  history 
in  clean  journalism  in  Western  Pennsylvania  which  has  elicited  the  widest 
attention  for  the  remarkable  record  achieved  by  both  papers.  With  the  broad 
foundation  of  the  good  will  of  the  people  in  this  section  who  readily  recog- 
nized the  merits  of  both  papers,  the  circulation  of  The  Post  and  The  Sun  has 
assumed  a  marked  increase  and  is  growing  by  leaps  and  bounds. 

As  newspaper  and  advertising  men  well  know,  remarkable  gains  in  adver- 
tising can  be  made  only  when  results  can  be  attained.  From  January  1,  1912, 
to  December  ol,  1912.  both  papers  showed  a  clean  aggregate  gain  of  more 
than  a  million  and  a  half  agate  lines  of  clean  paid  advertising,  and  indications 
point  toward  a  still  .greater  gain  for  1913.  This  remarkable  record  was  made 
in  accordance  with  the  new  plan  to  exclude  all  fake  medical  and  objectionable 
advertising  that  might  do  harm  to  the  reader  and  reflect  upon  the  great  value 
and  strength  of  clean  advertising  in  clean  newspapers. 

The  application  of  scientific  management,  efficiency  and  special  features, 
as  inaugurated  by  General  Manager  Scholz  with  The  Post  and  The  Sun.  ha\-e 
resulted  in  the  presentation  of  two  newspapers  in  tlie  morning  and  afternoon 
field  that  enjoy  the  wddest  endorsement  of  their  readers  in  Pittsburgh  and  the 
ritf^burgh  territory. — Adv. 


109 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


profession  tliat  nllc 
usefulness.  Just  Jis 
needs  a  j)ntr 
needs  to  havt 
eyed  or  i>oI 
who  li;is  :i  Ml 
sage-  ivliiih  I 
man  w  In-  li:is 


the  iMlitor  no  long 


the  backing  oi  large 
The 


esls 


■worlil   I .1^   I 

it  it  entert.iii 
public — is  sni- 
pensation  IJiai 
patronage  or 
The  owner 


.f  a  jiain 


orld, 

nd  burns,  and  tin? 
g  to  sav  which  the 
and  all  the  better 
II  as  instructs  the 
iiriiig  and  of  com- 
lirii  independent  of 

veil  established 


at     Wasllingtou.     let     air     S.IV     it     h, 

laJic.v  of  conccalmcni.      It  ii, ;,ls 

any  groU]i  or  class,  bii,  ii-  :iii|mi; 
the  whole  jieople  of  Ann-ri  ;i,  ami  ]'. 
izes  that  il  will  win  tlnir  aiiiii..\M 
as   it  carries   out  its   pledges  and 


RALEIGH    NEWS    BURNED    OUT. 


center  of  i)o;ju]ation  has  a  propert.v 
better  than  a  gohl  mine,  for  a  newspaper 
property  is  like  a  street  <'ar  compan.v. 
It  does  not  pay  where  the  population  is 
ecattered,  but  it  is  a  bonanza  where  there 
is  dense  population.  But  the  man  who 
enters  journalism  with  the  mixed  motive 
of  both  doing  good  and  getting  rich  may 
become  both  a  publisher  or  a  writer,  but 
he  will  never  be  a  journalist  any  more 
than  a  man  can  become  a  greiit  surgeon 
who  measures  the  limit  of  liis  skill  by 
the  size  of  tlie  fee  he  exjiccts  to  receive. 
As  the  surgeon  is  utterly  ulilivions  to  the 
thought  of  compensation  wliile  lie  bends 
every  power  to  the  task  of  saving  a  life. 
just  so  much  tile  real  journalist  enters 
upon  bis  profession  with  the  desire  to 
serve  as  his  consuming  passion.  We  are 
told  in  the  Word  that  the  man  who 
preaches    the    tiosiJel    roust    live    by    the 


BSl^BVAJT  SMITH. 

the  just  needs  of  all  the  people  who  op- 
pose pri\'ilege  and  demand  only  a  fair 
chance,  it  invites  criticism  in  all  that 
it  docs.  It  wish.'s  to  have  the  search- 
light uf  imiilicity  turned  upon  all  its  acts. 
The  men  cnl  rusted  with  power  know  that 
the  iirst  knowledge  of  what  they  are  try- 
ing to  do  will  come  from  the  pre.«s.  They 
have  conlidnice  that  both,  because  of  your 
devotion  to  the  high  ethics  of  your  pro- 
fession and  yonr  patriotism,  that  the  pub- 
lic will  be  given  their  true  motives,  and 
that  if  tlievc  be  singleness  of  purpose  and 
patriotic  .■irlinii.  ymir  columns  will  re- 
flect both  tlir  s|iii-i;   ;iii(l  the  pert 


Secretary     Daniels'     Newspaper     Des- 
troyed  With   $100,000  Loss. 

I  he  plant  oi  the  Raleigh  (N.  C.) 
Xcws  aii.l  Observer,  owned  by  Josephus 
Dnnicls.  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  was  de- 
strnycil  by  lire  early  Thursday  evening. 
The  shifts  were  changed  at  U  o'clock  and 
tic  ImiUiing  was  almost  deserted  when 
Ihimcs  were  seen  in  the  composing  room. 
In  a  few  minutes  the  plant  was  a  total 
luss.  The  six  linotypes,  the  stereotyping 
Mutlit  and  the  records  of  the  paper  were 
destroyed.  The  mailing  files  alone  were 
saved.'  Tiie  loss  is  SlUO.OOO,  not  fully 
insured. 

Mr.  Daniels  recently  bought  the  plant 
from  a  stock  company  of  about  a  hun- 
dred men,  which  was  organized  many 
years  ago.  He  acquired  all  except  one 
share  of  the  stock.  Six  years  ago  he 
completed  his  office  building  and  home 
of  the  newspaper  plant,  one  of  the  finest 
in  Raleigh. 

The  News  and  Observer  will  be  print- 
ed in  the  plant  of  the  Daily  Times,  an 
evening  paper,  until  Secretary  Daniels 
can  rebuild. 

Secretary  Daniels  was  at  the  joint  din- 
ner of  the  American  Newspaper  Pub- 
lishers' .\ssociation  and  the  Associated 
Press  Thursday  night,  when  word  was 
brought  to  him  that  his  newspaper  plant 
had  been  destroyed  by  fire. 

"It  is  hard,''  said  Mr. 'Daniels,  when 
he  rose  to  speak,  "to  attend  a  banquet 
like  this  and  enjoy  it,  when  the  accumu- 
lation of  one's  life  time  has  been  de- 
stroyed in  a  few  short  minutes,  but  the 
sympathy  of  my  fellow  editors  and  the 
consciousness  that  nobody  was  hurt 
makes  me  feel  the  spirit  of  jolliti^  despite 
the  loss." 

.■\s  he  left  the  hall  to  take  the  raid- 
night  train  for  Raleigh,  several  of  the 
diners  pressed  about  him  with  offers  of 
aid. 


Rules    Sunday    Papers    Are    Weeklies. 

-Xnniiuncement  was  made  at  the  Post- 
office  Department  at  Washington  on 
Saturday  of  a  ruling  of  the  Canadian 
Postal  .Administration  to  the  effect  that 
copies  of  Sunday  editions  of  United 
States  newspapers  sent  to  persons  in 
Canada,  wdio  were  not  subscribers  to 
the  weekday  editions,  must  pay  postage 
at  the  rate  of  1  cent  ior  each  four 
ounces.  The  Sunday  editions  alone  are 
held  by  the  Canadian  authorities  to  be 
weekly  newspapers  and,  therefore,  sub- 
ject to  the  higher  charge  instead  of  1 
cent  a  pound. 


Herman  Ridder  Entertains  Publishers. 

Herman  Ridder,  editor  of  the  New 
York  Staats  Zeitung  and  e.x-president 
of  the  American  Newspaper  Publishers' 
Association,  entertained  at  dinner  last 
Tuesday  night  at  his  residence,  22  West 
Seventy-fourth  street,  the  directors  of 
the  American  Newspaper  Publishers' 
Association,  the  publishers  of  several 
New  York  newspapers,  and  a  number 
of  visiting  newspaper  men  who  have 
come  on  to  New  York  for  the  conven- 
tion. 


The  Toronto  (Canada)  World  has 
been  elected  to  membership  in  the 
American  Newspaper  Publishers'  Asso- 
ciation. 


the  win 


if  tin 


hai 


D.    B.    FI.UM. 

Gospel,  and  that  the  laborer  is  worthy 
of  his  hire,  but  nowhere  that  the  preacher 
must  mix  the  love  of  souls  with  the  mo- 
tive of  getting  dollars. 

Samuel  Bowles  became  the  owner  of  a 


profitable  news 

idea    of    "doini: 

never  promiited 

dered   mankind 

of  journalism  a 

the    bead    of   a 

would  rcfinirc  a 

that     the     pni> 

read  Mei-riniirs 

and  that  he  -li. 

secret  of  liinv  t 

published     ill    a 

became   more    i 

Now  E]i.^l:niil  j 

Tbe  press   ;i 

public  servii'i-  : 

sary  to  t\u-  nt  1 

id      ^r 


11m 


lie 


life  fro 


lie 


the    ter 
jial  who 


of 


onlide 


the  pnblit'.  anil 
llis  eo-opcratii 
He  never  viola 
saved  many  a  giiat  n 
which  would  havi'  nttcrl; 
reer.  He  has  nipped  many  an  intem- 
perate ittterance  in  the  bud.  His  judg- 
ment, formed  from  his  touch  with  cnr- 
rent  events  and  hi-  kiinwh.ilgc  of  human 
nature   is  as  keen   as  :i    I  imiiaseiis  blade. 


e.     He  ha.' 
eked  his  ca 


;-alled  to  he  your  i.iililic  servants. 

Bernard  H.  Ridder,  the  next  speaker, 
announced  that  he  represented  the 
younger  element  in  the  two  associations, 
and  that  so  far  he  had  done  little  to 
deserve  the  recognition  given  him  by 
being  permitted  to  speak.  It  was  his 
opinion  that  the  cabaret  performance 
had  been  very  good  and,  leaning  natu- 
rally more  toward  vaudeville  than  liter- 
ature, he  had  no  fault  to  find  with  that 
part  of  the  program.  Mr.  Ridder  said 
that  his  father  had  taken  good  care  of 
him,  and  that  he  was  in  the  habit  of 
asking  the  old  man  for  only  two  things, 
one  of  them  hein"  advice.  The  speaker 
admitted  that,  while  very  often  he  re- 
fused to  take  the  advice,  he  had  never 
Ijeen  known   to   refuse  the  other. 

A  few  pertinent  remarks  by  Col.  Os- 
borne concluded  the  affair.  Many  diners 
had  left  the  tables  when  the  famous 
New  Haven  editor  ros  •  to  the  task. 
That,  however,  did  not  worry  him,  and 
for  fully  ten  minutes  he  entertained 
those  remaining  with  the  curricula  he 
had  absorbed  under  the  tuition  of  Pro- 
fessors Churchill,  Rector  and  Jack,  of 
the  Broadway  University.  .  He  gave  it 
as  his  opinion  that  New  York  City  did 
not  want  to  be  reformed,  and  was  in  no 
mood  to  be  reformed,  the  remarks  of 
Mayor  Gaynor  to  the  contrary,  notwith- 
standing. Upon  the  cabaret  Col.  Os- 
borne looked  as  the  means  of  a  splen- 
did education  and  an  encouragement  for 
the  highest  effort  in  life. 


The  two-story  frame  building  in  Car- 
lisle, Ark.,  where  Opie  Reed  edited  and 
printed  the  Prairie  Flower,  a  weekly, 
was  destroyed  by  fire  last  week. 


To   Ihc  distriet-at 


ofte 


alualilc  as  that  of  a  Slierloek  Holmes, 
To  the  men  at  the  bead  of  a  .state  or  in 
legislative  ilialls,  he  is  a  friendly  coun- 
sellor. 

1   bespeak   the  greatest  charity   on  the 
part  "f  the  press  toward  the  official  whose 


ide 


Id  at   th< 


oart  of  llie  pill 

lie  :i    V 

raps  al    hi.  ill 

nl-     villi     1 

lit.      Wit 

the  common  --r 
Speaking    f 

oil  will  he 
r    lie    n. 

City     Islander    Makes     Its    First    Bow. 

The  City  Islander,  New  York  City's 
"fastest  growing  woman-made  nevvspa- 
per,"  made  its  first  appearance  April  18. 
Mrs.  Henry  C.  Appleton,  of  Notelppa 
Lodge,  City  Island,  is  the  editor-in-chief, 
publisher,  owner  and  circulation  man- 
ager. There  were  a  number  of  metro- 
politan newspaper  features  in  this  issue. 
It  gave  all  the  local  news  and  began  a 
campaign  for  the  betterment  of  local 
conditions.  The  weekly  will  maintain  a 
rigidly  non-partisan  attitude  on  the  suf- 
frage question.  Mrs.  Appleton  is  gath- 
ering about  her  a  big  staff  of  editors 
and  business  associates. 


A  Strong  and  Prosperous 
Newspaper 

MASSACHUSETTS 

EBt.bliBhed  in  1824  by  Samuel  Bowles 

Daily  (Morning)  $8.00 
Sunday.  $2.00  Weekly,  $1 .00  a  Year 


A  Record  Year  in  Business 

The  REPUBLICAN  did 
the  largest  business  in  its 
history   in    1912. 

Its  cash  receipts  from  advertis- 
ing in  1912  increased  nearly  1 0 
per  cent,  over  those  of  1911. 

Its  cash  receipts  from  news- 
paper sales  also  showed  a  satis- 
factory increase. 

The  REPUBLICAN  is  a 
Superior  Newspaper  and  a 
Superior  Advertising  Me- 
dium. 


THE 
I        LE.VUING 
n.MLY  OF  TfTli 
NORTHWEST 


THE 

DULUTH 
HERALD 

for  over  30  years  has 
led  its  field  in  circula- 
tion and  advertising. 
In  maintaining  its  su- 
premacy THE  HER- 
ALD has 

NEVER  USED 
A  PREMIUM 

or  resorted  to  a  guess- 
ing contest  or  scheme 
of  any  kind.  Its  cir- 
culation is  solid,  sub- 
stantial, UNSOUGHT. 

THE  HERALD 
COVERS  DULUTH 

and  the  rich  Empire 
of  Steel  adjoining  it 
like  a  canopy.  You 
cannot  reach  buyers  of 
the  Great  Northwest 
without  it. 

NATIONAL  ADVERTISERS 

have  shown  their  faith 
in  The  Duluth  Herald 
as  the  most  profitable 
medium  in  the  North- 
west, many  of  them 
using  it  exclusively. 


LA    COSTE    &    MAXWELL, 

Publishers'     Representatives, 

Monolith     Building,     New     York 

Marquette      Building,      Chicago. 


110 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER   AND    JOURNALIST 


NORRIS  PAPER   REPORT. 


Chairman       of       Committee       Anlyzes 
Print  Paper  Situation  and  Tellls  of 
Beneficial   Results    that   Will    Ob- 
tain   from    Lower    Tariff. 

John  Norris,  chairman  of  the  commit 
tee  on  paper,  presented  his  report  to  the 
American  Newspaper  Publishers'  \sso- 
ciation  on  Wednesday.  The  repoit 
follows : 

The  immediate  broadening  of  the  market  for 
the  purchase  of  newsprint  paper  depends  upon 
the  pissage  of  the  proposed  tariff  on  paper 
substantially  as  reported  by  the  Wavs  and 
Means  Committee  to  the  House  of  Representa 
tives.  Present  indications  in  Congress  point  to 
the  complete  removal  of  import  duties  upon 
newsprint  paper  and  upon  mechanical  ^\  n  i  i 
pulp,  as  well  as  the  abolition  of  all  d  u 
upon  clieniical  wood  pulp,  when  made  f 
unrestricted  wood.  The  abolition  of  the  i 
on  lumber  should  tend  to  reduce  the  cost  t 
wood  to  American  papermakers  by  open  n 
timber  holdings  that  have  been  held  for  spec 
ulative  purposes,  and  to  that  extent  the  re 
moval  of  the  duty  on  lumber  should  cheapen 
the  cost  of  producing  paper.  This  rem  \al 
of  import  duties  upon  a  consumption  of  1  4ii 
747  tons  of  newsprint  paper  in  l')12  costrnt; 
publishers  over  $02,000,000.  becomes  a  material 
item    in    the    operation    of    newspapers 


kets  of  the  world.  It  is  expected  that  the 
American  papermakers,  under  normal  condi- 
tions, will  make  cheaper  paper  than  can  be 
produced  in   any    other   country. 

Recalling  the  gruesome  predictions  of  ruin 
which  the  papermakers  said  would  follow  the 
admission    nf    trtc   piper   anc  "         '  ^ 


More  than  offsetting  an  increased  consump 
tion  of  65,203  tons  in  1912  over  1911  or  209 
tons  per  day.  there  was  an  addition  of  840 
tons  per  dav  in  production  during  1912  and 
a  further  addition  of  (575  tons  per  da\  planned 
for  1913.  With  these  additions  of  1  515  tons 
per  day  and  with  the  American  market  opened 
to  all  the  mills  of  the  world  without  restric- 
tion, it  -would  seem  obvious  that  prices  will 
soften.  The  reduction  in  duties  should  stop 
the  schemes  of  artificial  restrictions  which  have 


TBEPFI^E     BEBTKIATTMZ:. 

all  the  paper  trade  joined  in  saying  that 
had  been  "the  banner  year"  in  the  histc 
the  paper  trade,  and  this  was  true  nc 
standing     the    reduction      in    newsprint     paper 


The  production  and  consumption  of  news- 
print paper  in  the  United  States  during  1911 
and   1912  is  reported  to  have   been  as  follows: 

1911.  1912. 

Domestic     production 1,366,605  1,426,92S 

Imports    from    Canada    and 

elsewhere      55,830  85,593 

1,422,435      1,512,521 

Exports  by  American  mills.       48,920  55,568 

1,373,515     1,456.959 
Increase    of    stock    on    hand 

at   end    of   year    1912 12.212 

U-    S.    during    1912 1,444.74T 

Reduction  of  stock  on  hand 

in    1911     6,029 

U.    S.    in    1911 1,379.544 

Increase  in  consumption  in  1912  over  1911, 
65,203   tons. 

The  latest  reports  indicate  a  downward  tend- 
ency of  prices.  During  November,  1912,  two 
offerings  of  paper,  comprising  25,000  tons, 
were  made  at  ?1.S6,  f.  o.  b.  mill,  and  6,000  tons 
at  $1.87,  f.  0-  b.  mill.  Recent  reports  have 
been  received  of  offerings  in  Chicago  at  $1.S3, 
f.  o-  b.  mill.  Offerings  to  smaller  papers  in 
Illinois  indicate  f.  o-  b-  mill  prices  of  $190. 
Offerings  in  New  York  City  have  been  made 
on   the  basis  of  $1.84.  f.   o.  b-  mill. 

Publishers  who  have  been  paying  from  $42 
to  $45  per  ton  for  paper  delivered  to  them  will 
be  interested  to  know  that  the  Poweil  River 
Mill,  in  British  Columbia,  in  offering  its  bonds 
to  the  public  for  sale,  declared  that  "making 
substantial  allowance  for  the  possibility  of  a 
redution  in  the  price  of  paper  (newsprinf) 
through  competition  or  unforeseen  conditions, 
the  company's  profits  by  July  1,  1913,  will  be 
not  less  than  $15  per  ton  on  an  annual  output 
of  60,000  tons— $900,000."  These  figures  indi- 
cate that  that  mill  can  make  paper  f.  o.  b.  mill 
at  not  more  than  $23  per  ton  and  probably  at 
less  cost. 


by    papermakers    to   : 
It    should    check    the    sec 
and  agreed   prices   and    one-year    contracts   and 
paper-weight     standard     established     by     paper 


which  the: 


quotatic 


standard 
makers.  It  should  pe 
of  competition  to  prevail-  Modern  equipment 
and  intelligent  management  should  supplant 
primitive  methods  and  antiquated  machines 
that  now  clog  American  paoer  manufacture. 
Combinations  of  bankrupt  mills  will  have  dif- 
ficultv  in  dictating  prices  in  order  that  they 
may  save  tliemselves  at  the  expense  of  the 
should  force  Amer- 


ated  at  $3   per 

C.    H 

Pape; 


pape 


The  redu 


thf 


netbods   which  have  enabled  Gci 


On     March     19,    1913, 

president     of    the    Ameri .  ___ 

Association,  visited  Montreal  and  initiated 
new  organization  of  twenty-one  Canadian  pulp 
and  papermakers  to  keep  tab  on  output-  In 
May,  1912,  Mr.  Hastings  visited  Europe  and 
tried  to  induce  the  British  and  Swedish  paper- 
makers  to  co-operate  in  gathering  statistics  that 
would  inform  all  manufacturers  how  the 
world's  paper  production  was  keeping  pace 
with  consumption.  It  is  quite  probable  that 
such  a  plan  may  be  adopted,  but  in  view  of 
free    market   for    pa,  f,   every    effort    madi 


should  pn 


Lifactu 


aUv 


of   new 


Great    Northern 

Aldrich     , 

De  Grasse  ..-- 
Tidewater     .... 

Wisconsin     

Rhinelander    .  . . 

Willamette".'.'.'. 
T.  R.  T-iootb .  .  . 
Eelgo-Canadian 


Price  Bros.   &   Co 150 

Lake    Superior    100 

Espanola    100 

Sturgeon  Falls    50 

Newfoundland    85 

Powell    River     100 

Total    for    1913,   tons   per    day 840 

TO     BF     STARTED     IN     1913. 

Tons 
per  day. 

Crown    Columbia    55 

Thorold    120 

Fort    Frances    120 

Powell    River    125 

Donnaconna    50 

De    Grasse     55 

Lake    Superior    100 

Spanish     River     50 

Total   for  1913,  tons  per  day 675 

Total  for  1912  aiTd  1913,  tons  per  day.  1,515 
Equaling  approximately  an    addition   of   33    per 
cent,    of  present  output. 

The  American  Paper  and  Pulp  Association 
has  compiled  a  list  of  fifty  pulp  and  paper  en- 
terprises incorporated  in  Canada  in  1911  and 
1912,   capitalized  at    $140,180,000. 

The  imports  of  newsprint  paper  for  the  cal- 
endar year  1912  were  85,593  tons,  of  which  all 
but  940  tons  came  from  Canada,  that  country 
having  been  favored  by  a  discrimination  of 
$3.75  per  ton  under  Section  2  of  the  Reciproc- 
ity Law.  To  offset  those  importations,  the 
American  newsprint  papermakers  shipped 
abroad  55,568  tons,  leaving  an  excess  of  only 
30,025  tons  in  importations  over  exportations, 
or  approximately  two  per  cent,  of  the  total  con- 
sumption. Some  of  this  increase  in  importa- 
tions is  due  to  the  failure  of  American  mills  to 
keep  pace  with  the  natural  growth,  and  some 
of  it  is  due  to  the  arbitrary  restriction  of  pro- 
duction. In  1912,  the  papermakers  made  ninety- 
five  per  cent,  of  their  capacity,  a  restriction 
of  70,000  tons  for  the  year.  At  the  end  of 
February,  1913,  the  paper  mills  had  a  stock  of 
37,534  tons  of  paper  at  the  mills,  or  a  nine-day 
supply   for   all   the   newspapers    of   the  country. 

Five  hundred  and  forty  thousand  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-eight  tons  of  wood  pulp,  valued 
at  $14,903,215,  were  brought  into  the  United 
States  in  1912  to  enable  the  American  '  paper- 
makers  to  supply  their  home  market  and  to 
overcome  the  deficiencies  of  the  domestic  wood 
supply. 

PRESERVATION     OF     PAPER, 

During  the  year  1912,  the  American  Library 
Association  complained  of  the  inferiority  of 
the  paper  used  in  printing  newspapers  and  of 
the  librarian's  inability  to  preserve  his  bound 
files.  While  the  quality  of  the  material  used  is 
concededly  not  designed  for  permanent  pres- 
ervation, the  librarians  do  not  do  all  that  they 
should  do  in  caring  for  files-  Some  daily  news- 
papers— the  Brooklyn  Eagle,  Providence  Jour- 
{Conliniic'd  on  page  114.) 


ALBERT  FRANK  &  COMPANY 

General  Advertising  Agents 
26  Beaver  Street  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 


i^DiNG    crriEs 


Established  1872 
JAMES  RASCOVAR,  President 

Recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  advertising  agencies  of 
the   United  States  and  Canada  for   over   40  years. 

Departments  specially  equipped  to  assume 
charge  of  any  kind  of  advertising 


BRANCH   OFFICES 

CHICAGO 

332  so.  LASALLESTREET 

BOSTON 

109   STATE   STREET 

PHILADELPHIA 

418-20    SANSOM    STREET 

PITTSBURG 

237   FOURTH   AVENUE 

BALTIMORE 
105    EQUITABLE   BLDG 

WASHINGTON 

30   WYATT    BUILDING 

CINCINNATI 

6  AND?  MITCHELL  BLDG. 


FINANCIAL-INDUSTRIAL-RAILROAD-STEAMSHIP 

OUR  PRINTING  ESTABLISHMENT 

connected  with  our  Art  and  Literary  Departments  under  our  own  supervision  places  us  in  a  unique  position 
to  produce  the  highest  quality  of  printing,  lithography  and  engraving. 

OUR  SERVICE. 

We  can  effect  a  saving  in  many  instances,  because  of  the  experienced  staff  of  writers  and  artists  we  employ 
and  by  our  system  of  preparing  orders,  checking  papers,  obtaining  accurate  bills  and  the  necessary 
affidavits  of  publication  when  required. 

OUR  FOREIGN  CONNECTION. 

The  Central  News  Limited,  5  New  Bridge  Street,  London,  E.  C,  England,  the  oldest  and  largest  News  organization 
in  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  which  has  an  extensive  and  well  organized  Advertising  and  Publicity 
Department,  a  re  our  agents  and  representatives  for  all  foreign  countries,  enabling  us  to  handle  and  place  advertising 
and  news  throughout  the  wor.d. 

Correspondence  Solicited. 


Ill 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


TALKS  ON   MANY  TOPICS  advertising   has    sliowcd   a   marked    in- 

crease    in   volume.      Tlie    pressure  upon 

our  columns  at  times  compels  us  to  turn 
down  a  lot  of  valuable  advertising.  Re- 
cently on  a  single  day  we  had  to  reject 
twenty-seven  columns  because  of  lack  of 
space. 

George  H.  Larkc,  publisher  of  the 
Indianapolis  Sun — When  1  took  over 
the  Sun  on  Jan.  15  I  found  that  I  had 
a  big  task  before  me  in  reorganizing  the 
staff    and    in    straightening   out    matters 


Thumb-Nail  Interviews  with  Ne\ 
paper  Publishers  at  the  Conventio 
Conditions  in  the 
id  Progress  of  Year. 


Trade 


By    rK.\.\K    LeROY    BL.\NCHiS 


Elbert  H.  Baker,  publisher  of  the 
Cleveland  Plain  Dealer  and  president  of 
the  A.  N.  P.  A. — I  have  been  coming  to 
these  conventions  for  nearly  twenty 
years,  and  one  of  the  interesting  things 
I  have  observed  is  the  development  and 
growth  of  the  members  with  whom  I 
am  personally  acquainted.  We  meet  here 
and  talk  over  the  things  in  which  we 
are  mutually  concerned.  The  sugges- 
tions made  and  the  results  of  the  ex- 
periences of  others  help  us  when  we 
get  home  to  get  out  better  newspapers 
and.  incidentally,  make  more  money. 

From  time  to  time  the  proposal  has 
been  made  that  the  A.  N.  P.  A.  should 
include  in  its  membership  all  of  the 
newspaper  publishers  in  the  United 
States.  From  a  theoretical  viewpoint 
the  idea  is  a  good  one,  but  practically 
it   is  not.     The  small  publishers  cannot 


plenty  of  orders  on  hand  to  keep  them 
going.  The  Courier-Journal  is  enjoying 
a  healthy  increase  in  business — nothing 
phenomenal,   but   very    satisfactory. 

union  U.  Brown,  general  manager  of 
the  Indianapolis  Nezcs — Thirty-five  hun- 
dred houses  in  one  part  of  our  city  were 
invaded  by  the  recent  flood.  The  water 
works  went  out  of  commission,  but  not 
until  the  people  had  liecn  warned  and 
had  time  to  draw  enough  water  for 
drinking  purposes  to  last  them  several 
days.  Wc  published  the  News  every 
day,  but  when  the  water  was  highest 
we  couldn't  deliver  copies  to  our  sub- 
scribers, and  so  we  notified  advertisers 
that  they  had  better  omit  their  usual  an- 
nouncements until  after  the  water  had 
receded  sufiicientl)'  to  allow  the  resump- 
t:on  of  business.  We  did  not  consider 
it  fair  to  take  advertisers'  money  under 
the  circumstances.  Aside  from  the 
slump  in  business  during  the  flood  pe- 
riod, the  News  has  had  no  reason  to 
ciiniiilain.  I  l)clieve  that  unless  some- 
thing unforeseen  happens  we  will  have 
'iiie  of  the  best  years  in  our  entire  his- 
l.iry. 

I'ictor  F.  Lawson,  editor  and  pub- 
lisher of  the  Chicago  Daily  News — I 
was  in  Egypt  during  the  Spanish-Amer- 
ican war,  and  while  at  Cairo  I  one  day 
received  a  dispatch  from  John  T.  Mc- 
Cutcheon.  a  member  of  my  statT,  asking 
permission  to  accept  an  invitation  to  go 
to  the  front  on  the  McCullough,  one  of 
the  warships  of  our  Navy.  I  gave  my 
consent  and  was  afterward  very  glad  I 
did  so,  for  the  McCullough  participated 
in  the  Battle  of  Manila  Bay,  and  Mc- 
Cutcheon's    dispatch    was    the    first     to 


I^EI^AKD    ■at.    BUBB. 

afford  the  annual  expense,  which  in- 
cludes not  only  the  dues  but  the  cost 
of  the  trip  to  New  YorK  to  attend  the 
convention.  We  cannot  reduce  the  an- 
nual dues  because  of  the  large  expense 
incurred  in  carrying  on  the  work  of  our 
organization.  In  fact,  the  time  may 
come — I  do  not  say  that  it  will — when 
the  dues  may  have  to  be  increased. 

The  publishers  throughout  the  coun- 
tp-  now  have  their  State  and  district 
organizations,  which  are  doing  splendid 
work  on  an  economical  basis.  Their 
membership  charges  are  small,  the  meet- 
ings are  addressed  by  able  men,  and 
practical  subjects  are  discussed.  The 
men  have  a  chance  to  get  acquainted 
with  each  other  and  to  profit  from  each 
lather's  experiences. 

It  is  from  these  organizations  that  our 
membership  is  largely  recruited.  The  A. 
N.  P.  A.'s  work  is  national  in  its  scope 
and  is  designed  to  benefit  its  members 
primarily,  and  ultimately  the  entire 
newspaper  industry.  It  is  a  source  of 
gratification  to  me  that  the  association 
has  been  able  to  accomplish  so  much 
with  a  minimum  amount  of  expense. 

Victor  F.  Lawson,  publisher  of  the 
Chicago  Daily  News.  —  Business  condi- 
tions in  Chicago  are  much  improved 
over  those  obtaining  a  year  ago.  The 
merchants  are  having  a  good  volume  of 
trade  and  are  looking  forward  to  an  un- 
usually prosperous  year.  In  the  news- 
paper publishing  field  we  have  no  com- 
plaint to  make.  The  strike  of  last  year 
crippled  us  somewhat,  but  we  have  now 
recovered  lost  ground  and  are  forging 
ahead  at  a  rapid  pace. 

I  believe  that  we  are  going  to  have  an 
unusually  good  year  in  191.S.  Our  ad- 
vertising on  the  News  has  increased  in 
volume  and  our  circulation  shows  very 
.'■atisfactory  gains.  We  increased  our 
classified  rate  to  2.5  cents  in  March, 
but    in    spite    of    this    fact    classified 


bring  the  news  of  the  victory  to  this 
country.  Unfortunately  the  daily  does 
not  issue  a  Sunday  edition,  and  as  the 
cablegram  arrived  early  ounday  morn- 
ing it  could  not  be  used  in  our  own 
paper.  The  other  papers  that  at  that 
time  were  receiving  the  Daily  News 
news  service  received  the  benefit  of  its 
use. 

Louis  H.  Brush,  publisher  of  the 
East  Liverpool  (O.)  Review,  Salem 
News  and  Alliance  Leader — Business  in 
our  district  has  been  unusually  good 
during  the  past  year.  It  is  way  ahead 
-if  1911  and  promises  to  be  much  better 
during  101.3.  We  are  a  little  apprehen- 
sive in  regard  to  what  Congress  is  go- 
ing to  do.  If  our  legislators  would  go 
ahead  and  get  through  with  the  tariflr 
bills  promptly,  we  would  know  where 
we  are  at  and  could  govern  ourselves 
accordingly.  Our  manufacturing  indus- 
tries are  in  splendid  shape ;  one  con- 
cern has  over  $2,000,000  worth  of  or- 
ders on  hand,  and  the  others  have 
enough  w^ork  to  keep  them  going  for 
twelve  months.  If  Congress  passes 
bills  that  seriously  affect  our  industries, 
we  do  not  know 'what  will  happen.  At 
the  present  time,  however,  the  outlook 
for  business  during  the  present  year  is 
excellent. 

R.  A.  Crnlhcrs.  publisher  of  the  San 
Francisco  Bulletin— Up  to  April  of  this 
year  business  conditions  in  San  Fran- 
cisco ha\-e  been  far  better  than  they 
have  been  any  year  since  the  fire.  Since 
then  there  has  been  a  notable  falling  off 
in  the  volume,  owing,  it  is  believed,  to 
the  agitation  in  regard  to  the  tariff.    If 


EDGAB    M.    FOSTER. 

connected  with  the  publication.  The 
paper  had  a  circulation  at  that  time 
around  20  000.  I  went  over  the  sub- 
scription list  and  the  sales  list,  and 
cut  out  a  lot  of  copies  that  were  not 
part  of  the  legitimate  circulation  of  the 
paper.  During  the  intervening  m  )nths 
the  paper  has  gained  between  twelve  and 
fourteen  thousand  copies  in  circulation. 
The  people  of  Indianapolis  seem  to  be 
appreciative  of  the  work  we  are  doine. 
and  I  think  that  during  the  year  we  will 
be  able  to  make  a  very  excellent  show- 
ing. 

William  L.  McLean,  publisher  of  the 
Philadelphia  Evening  Bulletin — I  do  not 
believe  in  circulation  scheme  and  have 
not  employed  them  on  my  paper.  Much 
of  the  circulation  that  is  gained  through 
contests  is  lost  when  the  time  comes  for 
renewing.  Our  advertising  record  shows 
that  we  have  made  excellent  progress 
since  last  year.  By  the  way.  I  secured 
my  first  newspaper  position  through  an 
advertisement  inserted  in  one  oi  the 
newspapers  by  the  Pittsburgh  Leader. 
My  first  work  consisted  in  assisting  in 
the  publication  of  a  newspaper  almanac. 
When  I  had  finished  this  particular  task, 
I  was  placed  in  one  of  the  regular  de- 
partments. 

Fred  N.  Dow,  president  of  the  Port- 
land (Me.)  Express  —  Business  condi- 
tions in  our  city  are  not  as  satisfactory 
as  they  might  be.  The  retail  merchants 
are  complaining  of  slack  trade,  and  the 
wholesalers  say  that  goods  are  not  mov- 
ing as  rapidly  as  they  ought  at  this  time 
of  year.  The  Express  has  enjoyed  a 
fair  measure  of  prosperity.  AVe  have 
made  gains  in  advertising  and  in  circu- 
lation, but  hope  to  do  better  during 
1013. 

Bruce  Haldcman,  business  manager  of 
the  Louisz'illc  Courier-Journal — During 
the  flood  period  Louisville  was  the  gate- 
way to  the  great  Southwest  and  Middle 
West.  Many  of  the  railroad  roadbeds 
were  so  badly  washed  away  that  trains 
could  not  be  operated  for  days  at  a 
time.  It  so  happened  that  one  or  two 
of  the  railroads  running  through  our 
city  because  of  their  location  along  high 
ground  were  not  put  out  of  business, 
and  because  of  this  fact  trains  from 
half  a  dozen  other  roads  were  dis- 
patched over  these  lines.  The  South, 
generally  speaking,  is  in  splendid  shape. 
The  indications  are  that  the  cotton  and 
other  crops  will  be  large.  The  manu- 
facturers are  happy   because  they  have 


OLD  OUT? 


This  tells  the  story  of  the  first  issue  of 


CAN 


PUBLISHED  IN  ATLANTA,  GA. 

By  William  Randolph  Hearst 

Nearly  every  newsdealer  in  the  South, 
all  of  whom  had  placed  large  orders, 
reported  "Sold  out." 

This  first  issue  had  a  circulation  of 

110,000 

The  next  issue  and  those  to  follow  will 
have  to  be  much  larger.  Here  are  some 
telegrams  which  speak  for  themselves : 


WUiI^IAIVE  MORRISOIT 

COIiUMBUS,       GA. — Over       750 

Sunday  Americans  sold  on 
streets  before  11  o'clock  Sun- 
day morning". 

JOHNSTON*. 


JESUP,  O-A. — My  entire  order 
sold  out.  I  double  it  for  next 
Sunday. 

ARTHUR  BYINGTON. 


AUGUSTA,  GA. — Hearst's  Sun- 
day   American    enthusiastic- 
ally received.    Record  break- 
ing- sale. 
ALBION  NEWS  COMPANY. 


'* Supremacy  In  The  South" 

FOREIGN    REPRESENTATIVES 
WILLIAM  N.  CALLENDER,  Jr.,  Broadway  and  59th  Street,  New  York 
CHARLES  T.   HENDERSON  -  504   Hearst   Building,  Chicago 

V.  P.  MALONEY        -  -  -        80  Summer  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

J.  CARR  GAMBLE,  1304  Third  National  Bank  Building, St.  Louis,  Mo. 


112 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


Congress  would  liurry  up  and  get  the 
tariff  straightened  out  I  am  sure  tliat 
we  will  soon  go  back  on  to  the  old  ba- 
sis. San  Francisco  now  has  a  popula- 
tion of  about  475,000,  which  is  larger 
than  it  was  at  the  time  of  the  fire.  The 
city  has  been  entirely  rebuilt  with  mod- 
ern steel  and  cement  constructed  build- 
ings that  are  the  last  wo;d  in  architec- 
tural perfection.  There  is  only  one  dis- 
trict that  has  remained  quiescent  in  its 
building  operations,  atid  that  lies  be- 
tween the  business  section  and  the  res.- 
dential  section.  The  reason  io)  this 
has  been  that  the  owners  of  the  real  es- 
tate did  not  know  what  kind  of  struc- 
tures to  erect  to  the  best  advantage.  Re- 
cently, however,  they  have  begun  to  put 
up  apartment  buildings,  the  accommoda- 
tions of  which  are  greativ  in  demand. 
There  has  been  little  change^  in  the 
newspaper  situation  in  San  Francisco 
during  the  past  year.  The  Bulletin  has 
made  very  satisfactory  progress.  Our 
foreign  advertising  shows  a  growth  of 
at  least  forty  per  cent,  over  the  previous 
year.  This  is  accounted  for  by  the  ap- 
proaching advent  of  the  Panama-Pacific 
Exposition,  We  claim  for  the  Bulletin 
the  largest  bonafide  circulation  in  the 
city,  and  I  have  not  yet  seen  any  evi- 
dence which  causes  me  to  doubt  the 
justice  of  our  cla  m. 

Sainticl  G.  McChtrc.  editor  and  fub- 
lislwr  of  the  Youngstozan  (O.)  Tele 
gram — Business  in  the  Mahoning  Val 
lev  is  in  a  prosperous  condition,  .^s 
lonn-  as  conditions  remain  abroad  as  at 
present,  we  are  not  worrying  at  all 
about  business.  Prices  are  higher  on 
the  other  side  of  the  .-Ulantic  than  they 
are  here,  but  when  the  time  comes  that 
they  are  reduced  we  will  be  seriously 
affected.  One  of  our  great  industries  is 
the  manufacture  of  iron  pipe  for  the 
California  oil  field.  When  the  prices 
abroad  fall,  our  foreign  competitors  \vill 
be  able  to  dehver  pipe  on  the  Pacific 
then  trouble  will  begin.  l"he  newspaper 
situation  is  satisfactory  in  spite  of  the 
devastation  wrought  by  the  flood.  Un- 
less something  unforeseen  happens,  we 
will  close  the  year  1913  with  the  best 
record  we  have  ever  made. 

A.  C.  Weiss,  publisher  Duluth 
(Minn.)  Eveninq  Herald— I  received  a 
dispatch  from  home  this  morning,  say- 
ing that  the  ice  was  out  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior. This  means  the  opening  of  what 
we  believe  will  be  one  of  the  most  pros- 
perous seasons  we  have  ever  known  on 
the  Great  Lakes.  It  is  estimated  that 
the  tonnage  of  ore  this  season  will  ex- 
ceed 50,000,000.  We  newspaper  men 
are,  therefore,  looking  forward  to  a 
{Continued  on  page    117.) 


THE  EDITOR  AND  PUBLISHEK  BOOTH  AT  THE  PE.INTIlICr  AND  PUB  LISHING  EXPOSITIOK. 


PRINTING  EXPOSITION. 


Many  Interesting  Exhibits  of  Publish-    tisers. 


districts  were  among  the  features  of  the 
display.  The  Booth  proved  a  favorite 
stopping  place  for  publishers  and  adver- 


ing    Equipment    Seen    at    National 

Show  in  Grand  Central  Palace 

Big    Business    Done. 


The 

Rochester 
Democrat  & 
Chronicle 

The  one  big  paper  in  its  field. 

Largest  total  circulation. 

City  circulation  as  large  as 
the  total  circulation  of  any 
other  Rochester  paper. 

OVER  63,000  DAILY 

INC. 

Managers  Foreign  Advertising 

Chicago    NEW  YORK     Boston 


One  of  the  most  interesting  exhibits  at 
the  exposition  was  that  of  the  F.  Wesel 
Manufacturing  Co.,  manufacturers  of 
printers'  and  plate  makers'  equipment. 
A  special  feature  of  the  display  was  a 
2,000  ton  lead  molding  machine  which 
was  sold  during  the  early  part  of  the 
show.  Other  machines  exhibited  in- 
cluded a  power  matrix  roller,  matrix  tis- 
^        .  J       „  J  sue  holder,  proof  press,  etc.     Ferdinand 

ir  flat  forms  and  roll  paper,  and  re-  ^^^^j  gjjjj^nt  and  general  manager 
uires^  btit  six  composition  rollers  and  ^j  ^^^  company,  spent  considerable  time 
two  inkmg  fountams.  A  five-horse-  ^^  ^^^  g^^^^,^  -^^^  f^,.^  looked  a  large 
power  motor  runs  it.  The  exhibit  was  ^^^^^^  ^j  ^^.^^^^  j^^  ^^^i^^^  machines, 
in  charge  of  Paul  F_Cox,  inventor  of  g;,  ham  Bros.,  whose  fame  as  roller 
the  Comet,  and  a  staff  of  salesmen_  ^^^^_.^  ^^^^^^^  j^^^  ^^^^j  ^^  ^^^^^.^  ^.^^^e 

The  press  on  exhibition  was  sold  the  .^  attractive  quarters  on  the 

second  dav  of  the  show  to  J-'^t^art-  .^       j  ^^^  exhibition  floor.     That 

Governor  Frank  E,  Hovye,  of  Vermont  .  ^^^  ^  ^^^j  3, 

publisher    of    the    Bennington    Evening    .,J^^^   ■     _,,  ^  ^„„„„c;t;r,„    eir 


A  Goss  Comet  flat  bed,  web  perfect- 
ing press,  printing  a  newspaper  at  the 
rate  of  5.000  an  hour,  was  an  attraction 
tbat  drew  a  big  crowd  throughout  the 
exhibition.    The  Comet  prints  from  type 


to  construct.  The  oririnal  sextuple 
press,  of  which  the  model  is^  an  exact 
copy,  was  considered  at  the  time  of  its 
construction  to  be  the  greatest  example 
of  mechanical  ingenuity  in  the  world. 

Located  in  cosy  quarters  on  the  west 
side  of  the  Palace  was  Howard  E.  Mil- 
ler, of  International  Syndicate  fame. 
The  various  features  marketed  by  the 
International  were  attractively  displayed 
and  the  capacity  of  the  booth  was  taxed 
the  greater  portion  of  the  time. 

Of  the  many  displays  at  the  show  none 
attracted  more  visitors  than  that  of  the 
monotj'pe,  which  occupied  spacious  quar- 
ters on  the  south  side  of  the  building. 
The  Lanston  company  exhibited  three 
machines. 


u  ««       r-        t,       i,.„      ■j.ntjfi.^  interest  in  roller  composition,  etc.,  was 

Banner.      Mr.    Cox   has   been    identified        .  ,  ,       ,      „,,„,,.,.  ■.!,_,.  ti,rr,ntred 

.,,   ^1      o        r-      J-  i-,ji.i  4.1, evidenced  by  the  number  tnat  tnrongea 

with  the  Goss  Co.  for  a  litftle  more  than  V         u-i.-^   t     ™   >■„,»  tr,  timo 

three  years,   and   in   that  time  has  sold  'he  exhibit  f™m  ^I'-^jy™- 

Col.  Eugene  L.  Markey,  of  New  York 
and  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  assisted  by  an 
able  staff,  looked  after  the  interests  of 
the  Duplex  Printing  Press  Co.  The 
concern  did  not  exhibit  a  press,  but  con- 
tented  itself   with   a  display  of   matrix- 


years, 

than  a  hundred  flat  bed  presses. 
Of  the  Comet,  which  he  brought  out 
about  two  I'ears  ago.  he  has  placed  sev- 
enty-five. He  is  a  brother  of  the  late 
J.  L.  Cox,  the  originator  of  the  flat  bed 
web  perfecting  Dress.  Fred  Goss  spent 
isiderable  time  at  the  company's  ex 


hibit,   greeting  old    friends   and   making   making 
compre! 


achinery.     Two     mechanical 
^„...i,.^„„„.s  in  particular  proved  inter- 

"'An°"exhibit    that    aroused    more    than  esting    to    visiting    pubUshers     and    the 

passing  interest  with  publishers  was  that  stan   was   kept  b"sy   demon  trating  the 

of   the    Autoplate    Co.    of    America,    lo-  machines       Cob     Markey    hirnself    vvas 

cated    at    Booth    27.      A    semi-autoplate  continually    oscillating    between   the   e.x- 

was    kept    in    almost    continuous    oper-  Position   and   the  A.    N.   P.   A    conven 

ation.     The    efficiency   of   this    machine,  t.on    headquarters    at    the    Waldorf-As- 

which  requires  onlv  one  man  to  operate  '°"3.      ,  .  ,    ,     ,  ,  .,  ^  t,    tt..  ... 

it.  was  a  revelation   particularly  to  those  ^.The  chief   feature  of  the  R    Hoe  ex- 

who  had  never  seen  it  working  before,  hibit  and   a  source  o     """-f^'  '"f  '"l 

Mats  were  made  and  cast  with^  rapid-  teres    was  a  model  °f  '''^^["'/^^'"P^;^ 

ity  that  was  startling.     The  Wood  dry  pnnt.ng    Pre^s    ever   constructed      It    is 

mat  was  used,   and  the   absence  of  the  composed  of   16,000  separa  e  pieces  and 

drying  table,  whether  steam  or  electric,  perfect  in  ^^^y  detail.    The  mode    was 

was  the  cause  of  much  interesting  com-  kept  ,  running     throughout     the^    shovv^ 

j_p„|.  printing   miniature    copies    of    the    New 

Booth  6.  on  the  north  side  of  the  floor  York  Herald.    It  was  constructed  twen- 

of  the  Palac».  housed  the  exhibit  of  the  ty-two  years  ago /'  '^'L  "1""'  ° ^ ,  *^ 

New  York  Globe  and  Associated  News-  United  States  Patent  Office  and  for    ed 

papers.     Framed   pages   pdvertising  ad-  a  part  of  its  exhibit  at  the  Co'umliian 

vertisinc,    specimens   of   Globe    features.  Exposition  held  m  Chicago  m  1892.  The 

and  -   chart  sbowinp^  the  circulation  of  model  is  made  of  brass  and  enclosed  in 

th?  Globe  in  New  York  and  vicinity  by  a  glass  case.    It  cost  more  than  $10,000 

113 


The   Memphis 
News   Scimitar 

Continues  its  wonderful  progress 
CIRCULATION  49,849 

(Average  for  first  15  days  of  April) 

The  advertising  columns  are 
growing  in  proportion. 

The  reason  is  apparent  as  the 
NEWS  SCIMITAR  is  the  popular 
home  Newspaper— has  the  largest 
home  circulation  and  the  greatest 
influence  in  each  home.  Today 
in  Memphis 

"  IT'S  THE  NEWS  SCIMITAR  " 

INC. 
Managers  Foreign  Advertising 

Chicago    NEW  YORK     Boston 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


NORRIS  PAPER  REPORT. 

(Continued  from  page  111.) 
nal  and  the  Red  Wing  (Minn.)  Republican- 
are  printing  special  editions  on  a  superior  qual- 
ity of  paper  for  historical  preservation.  Tlie 
demand  for  such  copies  is  so  small  and  the 
results  so  meager  that  little  encouragement  has 
been  obtained  for  extending  that  effort  by  other 
newspapers. 

The  hunt  for  a  substitute  for  spruce  pulp 
continues  with  unabated  energy.  Several  ven- 
tures that  made  extraordinary  promises  of 
profit  have  been  exploited  during  the  year. 
Newspapers  have  published  amazing  calcula- 
tions of  raw  material  available  for  paper- 
making.  They  have  predicted  the  dawn  of  a 
new  era  when  the  American  papermakers  will 
be  free  from  the  exactions  of  Canadian  pulp 
wood  men.  It  is  possible  that  some  substitu- 
tion of  spruce  pulp  may  be  obtained.  For- 
tunes await  the  successful  workers.  After 
three  years  of  patient  research  the  Government 
Laboratory  at  Wausau.  Wis.,  has  not  obtained 
from  other  woods  a  satisfactory  article.  It  has 
not  been  able  to  obtain  the  color  which  news- 
papers require.  The  Government  Bureau  of 
Plant  Industry  has  also  failed  to  obtain  the 
object  that  is  sought.  Experiments  with  sugar 
stalks  and  cornstalks  have  been  continued  for 
more  than  twenty  years.  While  good  pulp 
available  for  many  kinds  of  napcr  has  been 
made,  the  cost  of  obtaining  the  product  has 
not  been  a  commercial  success.  For  instance, 
six  tons  of  cornstalks  are  required  to  make  one 
ton  of  fiber.  Chemical  treatment  is  necessary, 
whereas  one  cord  of  spruce  wood,  weighing 
approximately  two  tons,  will  produce  one  ton 
of  ground  wood  merely  by  applying  the  wood 
against  the  face  of  a  grindstone.  The  wood  is 
floated  down  streams  at  a  minimum  cost  for 
transportation  and  Imnrlling,  and  is  converted 
into  mechanical  pulp  at  a  minimum  cost  of 
labor  and  without  chemicals.  It  is  possible  that 
a  substitute  for  spruce  pulp  may  be  found  in 
some  bv-product  of  another  process.  Repre- 
sentations of  success  in  these  efforts  should  be 
regarded    with    caution. 

The  reports  of  widths  of  rolls  furnished  by 
851    daily    newspapers    show    the    following    di- 

48    inches    and    tinder 82 

61    to    655^     finclusive) 7 

66  inches    46 

GG'4    to    66)4     (inclusive) 48 

67  inches 24S 

67J4    to    6754     (inclusive) 23 

68  inches     89 

6S%    to    6854     finclusive) 14 

69  to    GOH     (inclusive) 33 

70  inches     161 

inVz    to   7234     finclusive) 96 

73    to    7554     (inclusive) 41 

76    inches   and    above 33 

851 
The  widths  between  sixty-six  and  sixty-eight 
inches  finclusive)  are  used  bv  454  newspapers, 
constituting  more  than  half  of  the  total  report- 
ing- Their  consumption  had  been  seventy-five 
per  cent,  of  the  total  production,  but  with  the 
recent  change  of  the  Hearst  paoers.  and  the 
Boston  Post  and  the  New  York  Times,  and 
other  considerable  consumers  of  newsi)rint 
paner  from  the  seven-column  page  to  the  eight- 
coUimn  nage — that  is,  tn  the  seventv-three-col. 
umn  width,  the  prep-^ndcrnncc  heretofore  main- 
tained hv  the  <i7.es  hcUvonu  Mtv-six  inches  and 
sixty-eiirht    inches,    inclusive,    is    materially    di- 

.■\n  effort  will  he  made  to  obtain  a  lighter 
weight  standard  llian  that  fixed  by  the  paper- 
makers,  viz..  thirtv-two  pounds  for  500  sherts. 
mcasurine  Iwentv-fniir  hv  Ihirtv 


Four   Bridgeport    (Conn.)    papers. 

From  1  cent  to  2  cents. 
Milwaukee     (Wis.)    Leader. 

From  1  cent  to  2  cents. 
Hartford     (Conn.)     Post. 

From  1  cent  to  2  cents- 
East  Liverpool    (O.)    Tribune, 

From  1  cent  to  2  cents. 
The  Boston  Journal  increased  its  price 
from  one  cent  to  three  cents  for  a  short  in- 
terval  and  then    reduced  it  to    one   cent. 


Public  Ledger  to  Sell   for  Two   Cents. 

The  Philadelphia  Public  Ledger  an- 
nounced in  its  issue  of  Thursday  morn- 
ins  that  it  will  be  sold  at  two  cents  per 
copy  on  and  after  May  1.  The  price 
of  the  Sunday  Ledger  will  remain  five 
cents  a  copy.  The  change  restores  the 
price  of  the  paper  to  the  same  figure  it 
was  prior  to  August.  1901.  which  price 
prevailed  for  a  generation  preceding. 
The  Ledger  was  purchased  recently  by 
the  Curtis  Publishing  Co..  which  is 
planning  extensive  improvements  in  the 
general  character  and  make-up  of  the 
paper.  The  Public  Ledger  at  the  new 
price,  the  publishers  announce,  will  be 
expanded  in  volume,  in  features,  and  in 
scope,  and  they  hope  to  make  it  typo- 
graphically as  excellent  as  the  best, 
proved  mechanism  can  produce,  on  pa- 
per stock  of  superior,  substantial,  and 
higher  quality.  New  mechanical  equip- 
ment will  be  installed. 


HOWARD  E.  MILLER                        Established  1899                        E.  MAURICE  MILLER 
President-Treasurer                                                                                            Secretary-Manager 

The  International  Syndicate 

Features  for  Newspapers 
BALTIMORE,  MD. 

NO   CONTRACT— We  sell  strictly  on  merit,  our  subscribers 
being  privileged  at  all  times  to  discontinue  on  notice. 

WEEKLY  PAGES 

Comic 

Fashion 

Children's  Feature  and  Home  Circle 

DAILY    COMICS 

Scoop,  the  Cub  Reporter 
Wellman's  Foot  of  Fun 
Daily  Laugh 

FOR  YOUR  WOMAN'S  PAGE 

Embroidery  Patterns 

Sunday  and  Week-day 

Line  and  Half-tone  Fashions 
Barbara  Boyd 

MISCELLANEOUS 

Weather  Reports 
Daily  Puzzles 
Portraits 

.11  r.i 


rciKtli  of 
fmind  tlia 
ialisfaclorv 


iiakc 


sucli 


the 


the  basis  of  sheets  pro- 


duced. 

The  papermakers  who  supply  foreiKn  markets 
find  themselves  under  compulsion  to  sell  their 
prndncis  nn  the  basis  of  lenqth  of  web.  an  or- 
tjin.irv  roll  mclsurinc  7.000  vards.  With  such 
a  standard,  tlie  net  wcipht  of  a  roll  furnished 
an  accurate  and  iinnicdiate  test  of  relation  to 
wciffht  standard.  The  matter  of  supplyinc  syn- 
chronizinc  paner  rolls  for  .\merican  newspaners 
a.;  is  done  for  forcicn  consumers  has  been 
freriucntly  discussed  bv  American  papermakers 
hut    not    adopted. 

of    llic    fact    that    the    purpose    for 


unlishcd 


the 


utte 


tha 


the 


.vhich    lilt 
have    Iweo     : 
the   bill    plac 
list,    th-     cor 
relieved  of  i 
time,    and    that    the    board    of    directors    be 
thorized    to   take    such    further  stens   as  ma 
necessary  to  eathcr  and   furnish  inforniatif 
members    relatinff  to    the   paner  market, 
tluri  '""""^''''  '"  ""*"'  '"'■"-  """""■ 


nir  the  oa 
of    daily 


vspapc' 


folio 

Trenton  (N.   J.)    StateGi 

Trenton  (N.  ,T.)  Tn 

Trenton  (N.  J.)  Tii 


From  2  cents  to  1 
'  FroiT 


Troy    (N.    Y.)    Tit 
Charlotte  (N.  C.)   Ohs. 


Keeping  Pace  With 
Detroit's  GroAvth 


Population  of 
Detroit 

1905-403,512 
1909-482,000 
1910—515,414 
1911-552,275 
1912—567,994 

1913—585,033 


Circulation  of 

Detroit  News  (nat) 

101,846 
113,950 
119,184 
129,983 
154,979 

J.'x4fZlJ.\l    EveninB 


Circulation  of 
Detroit  it";)  News-Tribune 
56,877 
64,155 
67,429 
81,351 
98,178 

r^My  112,147 


Tlie  1912  week-day 
spaper  on  January  1, 
iven  day  morning  ne- 


:irculation    includei 
1913,  under  the  ti 


Over  70'^o  of  these  papers'  circulation  is  in  Detroit 

The  Detroit  News  has  a  lead  of  lOO'^f',  and  the  News- 
Tribune  (Sunday)  25%  over  any  competitor  in  their  re- 
spective fields. 

The  Detroit  News  and  News-Tribune  were  the  only 
Detroit  papers  to  furnish  the  Postmaster,  also  publish 
sworn  statement  of  ownership,  management  and  circu- 
lation for  the  half  year  ending,  March  31st,  1913. 

The  average  circulation  of  the  morning  News-Tribune   (Week  days)   is  in  excess  of  25,000. 

FOREIGN   ADVERTISING    DEPARTMENT 

New   York  Office  Chicago   Office 

I.  A.  KLEIN,  Manager  JOHN    GLASS,    Manager 

Metropolitan    Tower  Peoples   Gas   BIdg. 


114 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


WALDORF  EXHIBITORS. 


Intertype^  Mergenthaler,  International 
Service,    World   Syndicate,    Hoe, 
and   Many   Other  Rep- 
resented. 

The  number  of  exhibitors  at  the  Wal- 
dorf during  convention  week  was  about 
the  same  as  in  former  years.  They 
included  two  of  the  type  composition 
machines,  the  syndicates  and  trade  pub- 
lications. For  the  first  time  many  of 
the  publishers  had  an  opportunity  to 
see    intertype    machines    in    operation. 

The  manufacturers  claim  for  the  in- 
tertype that  it  will  set  more  matter 
within  a  given  period  than  any  other 
machine  on  the  market.  This  claim  is,  of 
course,  questioned  by  the  manufactur- 
ers of  other  type-composing  machines. 

The  company's  first  machine  was  in- 
stalled in  the  office  of  the  Journal  of 
Commerce  in  March.  Up  to  date 
only  sixteen  have  been  manufactured. 
It  is  understood  that  the  company  is 
taking  no  orders  for  delivery  until  after 
Sept.  1. 

The  intertype's  exhibit  was  under  the 
direction  of  J.  A.  Ridder,  general  man- 
ager of  the  company.  He  had  as  as- 
sistants during  the  week  J.  Arch  Mears, 
C.  D.  Montgomery,  W.  D.  Cox,  W.  E. 
Bertram,  J.  O'Sullivan,  W.  Medford, 
James  Crombie,  Charles  Berryman,  B. 
Wyckoff,  0,   Schneider,  W.  Ball. 

MERGENTH.\LER   EXHIBIT. 

The  Mergenthaler  Linotype  Co.  ex- 
hibited a  number  of  their  latest  models, 
including  Model  K,  the  new  double 
magazine  machine,  which  sells  at  a 
much  smaller  price  than  the  others.  As 
a  majority  of  the  larger  daily  newspa- 
pers use  the  linotype  in  their  composing 
rooms,  nearly  all  who  attended  the  con- 
vention visited  the  exhibit  in  order 
to  acquaint  themselves  with  the  latest 
improvements    made. 

The  walls  of  the  rooms  in  which  the 
machines  were  shown  were  hung  with 
pictures  showing  the  advantages  of  the 
linotype  over  other  typesetting  models. 
Some  of  them  w^ere  unusually  clever. 

The  Mergenthaler  exhibit  w^as  in  the 
hands  of  H.  \V.  Cozzens,  manager  of 
the  New  York  sales  department,  who 
was  assisted  by  L.  A.  Hornstein,  man- 
ager of  the  publicity  department  of  the 
company;  George  E.  Lincoln,  manager 
of  the  Chicago  agency:  Fred  W.  Bott, 
manager  of  the  New  Orleans  agency, 
and  Fred  A-  Slate,  Walter  H.  Savory, 
Charles  P.  Gurnett,  E.  L.  Roberts,  Al- 


The  Seattle  Times 

STILL  MAKING  HISTORY 

During  1912  the  Times  printed  over 
11.000,000  agate  lines  of  total  space,  which 
was  3,23^,000  lines  more  than  its  nearest 
competitor.     Gain    over    1911     was    504,000 

The  foreign  business  amounted  to 
1,036,000  lines.  Gain  in  foreign  business 
was  238,000  agate  lines  over  1911. 

In  December,  1912,  Times  led  nearest 
competitor — 266,000  lines  of  local  and 
12,600    lines   of   foreign  advertising. 

CiiTCuIation  for  December,  1912,  was 
Daily  67,000   and  Sunday   87,000. 

The  S.  C.  BECKWITH  SPECIAL  AGENCY 

Sole  Foreign  Representatives 
NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  ST.  LOUIS 


New  Orleans  States 

32,000  Daily. 

Guarantees  the  largest  Carrier  delivery 
HOME  circulation,  also  the  Ir.rgest  WHITE 
circulation  in  New  Orleans. 

Week  of  Dec.  30,  to  Jan.  5,  1913.  inclu- 
sive. The  States  led  The  Item  by  19.556 
agate  lines  on  Total   Space  for  that  period. 

THIS  IS  NOT  IRREGULAR,  BUT 
VERY  FREQUENT. 

Don't  be  fooled  by  wild,  unsupported 
claims  "month  after  month." 

Proof  of  above  record  shown  by  agate 
rule.     The   States  produces  results  always. 

The  S.  C.  BECKWITH  SPECIAL  AGENCY 

Sole  Foreign  Representatives 

New  Yorli        Cliicago         St.  Louis 


fred  Archer  and  W.  L.  Parks,  of  the 
New  York  sales  department. 

Norman  Dodge,  second  vice-president 
of  the  Mergenthaler  Co.,  was  in  at- 
tendance at  the  exhibit  at  various  times 
during  the  week. 

The  operators  who  helped  to  demon- 
strate  the  machines  were  A.  W.  Berry, 
Alfred  Washburn  and  David  Snell. 

The  display  of  the  International 
News  Service  was  inspected  by  many 
of  the  visiting  publishers.  The  walls 
and  tables  were  covered  with  speci- 
mens of  the  cartoon  work  of  Powers, 
Opper,  Tad  and  the  pictures  of  well- 
known  Hearst  artists.  Specimens  of 
fashion  and  feature  pages  were  also 
shown.  Those  in  charge  of  the  exhibit 
were  R.  A.  Farrelly,  h.  F.  Olofein,  E. 
B.   Hatrick  and  W.  S.  Brons. 

The  World  Syndicate  was  represent- 
ed by  F.  B.  Knapp,  the  manager  and 
several  assistants,  who  were  kept  busy 
all  the  week  explaining  the  service  and 
pointing  out  its  advantages.  Among  the 
exhibits  were  specimens  of  the  World 
Magazine  in  seven  and  eight  columns, 
daily  series  of  comic  cuts  and  special 
articles  from  the  Evening  World,  in- 
cluding the  well-known  "  'Smatter  Pop" 
pictures.  Specimens  of  the  Sunday 
comic  supplement  in  colors  were  also 
shown. 

One  of  the  most  complete  exhibits  at 
the  convention  was  that  of  the  World 
Color  Printing  Co.,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
The  variety  of  features  as  presented 
by  Manager  R.  S.  Grable  and  Assist- 
ant Manager  W.  Herbert  Heine,  in 
Room  144,  showed  the  members  that 
an  entire  Sunday  or  daily  paper  could 
be  printed  from  these  features,  leaving 
only  the  actual  daily  news  to  be  set  up. 

WHAT    FE.\TUK£S    l.NCLUDE. 

The  more  than  thirty  features  in- 
cluded comics,  fashions,  sports,  news 
and  pictures  of  interest  to  women,  fic- 
tion, comic  strips,  and  an  entirely  new 
departure  on  the  Anna  Belle  cloth  dolls, 
for  which  there  is  a  great  demand 
among  the  readers.  The  company  also 
gets  out  a  special  cover  page  for  auto- 
mobile or  "boost"  editions,  the  other 
three  pages  being  left  blank  for  special 
advertisements.  This  cover,  like  all  the 
other  features,  is  sent  printed,  ready 
for  use,  or  in  mat  form. 

Many  publishers,  known  as  members 
of  the  "Hoe  Family,"  visited  the  quar- 
ters of  R.  Hoe  &  Co.  They  were  re- 
ceived 'by  Oscar  Roesen,  chief  sales- 
man of  the  company,  and  looked  upon 
as  one  of  the  most  expert  printing 
press  salesmen  in  the  world.  Mr. 
Roesen  has  just  returned  to  the  United 
States  after  a  trip  around  the  world, 
the  main  object  of  which  was  to  com- 
plete sales  in  Australia,  where  he  closed 
contracts  aggregating  half  a  million 
dollars.  A  novelty  was  introduced  by 
G.  R.  Creighton,  associated  with  Mr. 
Roesen.  Mr.  Creighton  prepared  a 
miniature  first  page  of  a  newspaper  on 
a  typewriter,  in  which  was  told  the 
news  of  the  day  in  the  Hoe  parlors, 
and  giving  the  names  of  those  who  vis- 
ited headquarters  and  discussed  the 
printing  presses  manufactured  by  the 
company. 

Keen  interest  was  manifested  by  the 
publishers  in  the  exhibit  of  the  Asso- 
ciated Newspapers  and  the  United 
Newspapers  in  the  white  and  gold 
room  on  the  convention  floor.  Jason 
Rogers,  publisher  of  the  'Globe,  New 
York  City,  and  secretary  of  the  Asso- 
ciated Newspapers  and  president  of  the 
United  Newspapers,  was  in  charge,  as- 
sisted by  William  A.  Thomson,  as- 
sistant publisher,  and  J.  G.  Lloyd.  This 
organization  presented  its  specialties  in 
book  form,  one  of  which  is  produced 
each  day.  This  novelty  attracted  fa- 
vorable attention. 

Much  actual  business  was  done  by  the 
Syndicate  Publishing  Co.  in  its  diction- 
aries, Bibles  and  encyclopaedias,  exhibit- 
ed close  to  the  convention  hall.  W.  T. 
Adair,  general  manager,  was  in  charge, 
assisted  by  L.  M.  Rankin,  vice-president, 
and  W.  J.  Cobb,  C.  F.  O'Toole  and  W. 
T.  Petty,  traveling  representatives. 


The  Circulation  Figures  of 

The  San  Antonio  Light 

are  an  open  book  to  all  advertisers 

No  newspaper  is  playing  fair  with  adver- 
tisers unless  it  furnishes  them  with  complete  and 
accurate  figures  of  circulation. 

The  Light  has  consistently  offered  its  ad- 
vertising patrons  sworn  statements  of  its  net 
paid  circulation  and  has  moreover  gone  to  con- 
siderable expense  to  have  the  figures  as  pre- 
sented verified  by  outside  agencies. 

DAILY  SUNDAY 

1912  Yearly  Average,  Gross. . .     18,852         20,914 

Returned,  etc 1,390  1,332 

1912  Yearly  Average  Net  Paid.     17,462         19,582 

DISTRIBUTION 

City  Circulation 69^0 

Country  Circulation 31% 

MARCH  CIRCULATION 

The  total  circulation  of  The  San  Antonio 
Light  during  March,  1913,  was  637,993. 

The  total  daily  average  circulation  of  the 
evening  edition  was  20,177  copies  and  the  Sunday 
edition  was  22,697  copies. 

Omitting  all  spoiled,  left  over,  unsold,  re- 
turned, hied,  samples,  advertisers  and  exchanges, 
tlie  total  net  paid  daily  average  of  the  evening 
edition  was  18,649  copies,  and  of  the  Sunday  edi- 
tion 20,542  copies. 

The  Association  of  American  Advertisers  has 
examined  and  certified  to  the  circulation  of  The 
San  Antonio  Light  for  the  nine  months  ending 
June  30,  1912. 

The  circulation  of  Tlie  San  Antonio  Light  for 
the  nine  months  ending  February  28,  1913,  has 
been  certified  to  by  N.  W.  Ayer  &  Son,  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

The  audit  of  the  above  agencies  is  regarded 
as  authoritative  and  final  by  the  advertisers  of 
America  and  Europe. 

DOUBLE  THE  LOCAL  CIRCULATION  OF  ANY 
OTHER  SAN  ANTONIO  PAPER 

The  figures  on  this  page  represent: 

The  largest  circulation  in  Southwest  Texas  of 
any  newspaper. 

Double  the  circulation  in  San  Antonio  of  any 
other  newspaper. 

Thousands  of  dollars  to  the  advertiser  who 
will  avail  himself  of  them. 

That  San  Antonio  merchants  have  realized 
these  facts  is  evidenced  b}'  a  gain  in  advertising 
of  781,766  agate  lines  of  advertising,  made  by  The 
Light  during  the  nine  months  ending  December 
31st,  1912,  over  the  same  months  of  1911. 

You  can  follow  the  example  of  the  San  An- 
tonio merchants  with  profit. 

Managers  Foreign  Advertising 

Chicago  NEW  YORK  Boston 


115 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


Average  Circulation  of  Week-Day  Editions  of 

The  NEW  YORK  AMERICAN  Now 

Exceeds  275,000  Net-Paid  Copies 

Jtttcut 

Has  more  Quality  Readers  Than 
Any  Other  New  York  Newspaper 

And  Here  Are  Some  Of  The 
Quality  Features  Which 
Have  Won  For  It  Quality 
Supremacy: 


ART 

MUSIC 

DRAMA 

SOCIETY 

BUSINESS 

and 
FINANCE 

BASEBALL, 
YACHTING, 
AUTOMOBIUNG 

EDITORIALS 

and 

SPECIAL 

ARTICLES 


FOREIGN 

NEWS 


HUMOR 


Bn 


By 


By 


By 


Chas.  H.  Caffin 
Chas.  Henry  Meltzer 
Alan  Dale 
ChoUy   Knickerbocker 

!B.  C.  Forbes 
VV,  R.  Lawson,  of  London 
Broadan  Wall 
Joseph  R.   Piritchard 
Edward  Low  Ranlett 

r  Damon   Runyon 
J  Allen    Sangree 
I  Duncan  Curry 
UV.  J.  Macbeth 


■John  Temple  Graves 
Elbert   Hubbard 
James  J.  Montague 
.  Rev.  Thomas  B.  Gregory 
Winifred   Black 
Edwin    Markham 
Virginia  Terhune  Vandewater 

I  W.  Orton  Tewson 

Chester  Overton 

Marquis  de  Castellane 
J  Paul  Pierre  Rignaux 
]C.  de  Vidal-Hundt 
j  Fritz  Jacobsohn 

J.  M.  E.  d'Aquin 
I  George  M.  Bruce 

I  Bud   Fisher 
)  George  M'Manus 
]  T.  E.  Powers 
I  Frederick    Opper 


Greatest  Quantity  of  Quality  Circulation 

Sunday  Circulation  Exceeds  750,000  Net 
Paid  Copies  Per  Issue 


PRESS  CONVENTIONS. 

(Ct.li/ijiiu-ii  from  page  102.) 

lie  Up  to  the  Board  of  Directors. 
FRIDAY  MORNING. 

The  members  of  the  A.  N.  P.  A.  were 
a  httle  bit  slow  in  getting  together  on 
Friday  morning.  Those  who  had  at- 
tended the  banquet  the  night  before 
were  in  no  hurry  to  get  out  of  bed 
early  enough  to  begin  work  at  10 
o'clock. 

The  third  round  and  wind  up  of  the 
A.  N.  P.  A.  convention  brought  to- 
gether about  half  of  the  number  of 
delegates  that  attended  Thursday's 
meeting. 

The  morning  session  was  devoted  to 
various  topics,  papers  occupying  a  con- 
spicuous part  of  the  program.  John 
Norris,  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Papers,  told  of  having  interviewed 
many  publishers  on  the  question  of 
changing  from  a  seven-column  page  to 
eight  columns.  He  said  that  opinion  was 
divided,  but  that  most  publishers  are 
gradually  adopting  the  latter  size  of 
page. 

Hilton  U.  Brown  told  the  members 
about  experiments  being  made  in  the 
Indianapolis  News  office  with  dry  mats. 
He  said  that,  while  these  experiments 
had  not  been  very  extensive,  the  re- 
sults thus  far  obtained  have  proved  gen- 
erally satisfactory.  For  a  long  time 
publishers  have  wondered  what  could  be 
done  with  used  mats,  and  Mr.  Brown 
and  several  others  said  that  the  problem 
had  been  solved  in  many  parts  of  the 
country,  as  many  persons  are  buying  the 
old  mats  and  lining  henhouses  with 
them. 

Manager  Palmer  said  that  many  local 
claims  are  being  settled  and  that  collec- 
tions generally  are  being  made  easily. 

Representatives  from  Chattanooga  had 
favorable  comment  to  make  on  the 
progress  of  moving-picture  advertising 
from  free  publicity  given  to  the  film 
companies  in  that  city. 

In  regard  to  the  practice  of  sending 
copies  of  Sunday  papers  to  want  adver- 
tisers, when  their  advertisements  are 
placed  through  an  advertising  agent,  it 
was  the  general  opinion  that,  in  most 
cases,  the  papers  are  sent  for  checking 
only  to  the  agent.  This  was  considered 
sufficient  for  checking  purposes. 

No  action  was  taken  on  the  premium 
situation,    a    practice    which    has    been 


condemned  by  many  newspaper  publish- 
ers. What  is  being  done  at  the  present 
time  was  related  by  J.  E.  Atkinson, 
president  of  the  Toronto  Daily  Star; 
A.  G.  Carter,  vice-president  of  the  Fort 
Worth  Star-7'elegram,  and  Elbert  H. 
Baker,  proprietor  of  the  Cleveland 
Plain  Dealer. 

The  following  directors  were  named, 
to  serve  one  year;  Harry  Chandler, 
Los  Angeles  Times;  Charles  H.  Taylor, 
Jr..  Boston  Globe;  J.  F.  MacKay,  To- 
ronto Globe;  Hopewell  L.  Rogers,  Chi- 
cago News. 

FRIDAY  AFTERNOON. 

At  the  morning  session  no  definite 
action  was  taken  on  the  Bureau  of  Ad- 
vertising, comprising  the  United  News- 
papers, the  Daily  Newspaper  Associa- 
tion and  the  National  Association  of 
Newspapers,  which  was  sanctioned  by 
the  A.  N.  P.  A.  The  committee  ap- 
pointed by  the  convention  to  report  to 
the  directors  of  the  association,  after  re- 
viewing the  plans  of  the  new  bureau, 
announced  that  it  would  present  the 
proposition  at  the  afternoon  session.  It 
was  the  consensus  of  opinion  at  the 
morning  gathering  that  the  bureau 
would  receive  the  support  of  the  A.  N. 
P.  A.  as  a  branch,  but  that  the  associ- 
ation would  not  finance  the  proposition. 

At  the  afternoon  session  the  officers 
who  headed  the  association  as  it  was 
organized  under  the  State  corporation 
business  law  were  named  to  fill  the 
same  positions  with  the  reorganization 
under  the  membership  law,  which  places 
the  association  on  the  same  footing 
with  the  Associated   Press. 


The 

Jackson  Patriot 

is  supreme  in  its  field.  It  is 
undoubtedly  Michigan's  best 
buy. 

A  harvest   of  returns  await 
the  aggressive  campaigner. 


PAYNE  &  YOUNG 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO 


THE 

liartfnrii  ©ttnea 

n.ARTrORD,  CONN. 
Sold  an    '^  1      QCO          Copies 
Average  of    -^  ■»■  »  *^  •-' -^      Per  Day 

During  the  first  three  months  of  1913— 
A  gain  ot  1176  over  1912 

Tlie    net    circulation    for   tlie   same    period 
was    23,0(11.       Complete   details   of    distribu- 
tion   will    be    furnished    upon    application — 
Also  any  desired  information  regarding  the 
prosperous  field  which  The  Times  covers  so 
completely. 

THE  NEWS 

BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

Circulation  for  Year,   1912 

99,565 

EDWARD  H.  BUTLER,  Editor  and  Prop'r 

KELLY-SMITH  CO.,    Foreign  Representatives 

Chicago                                 New  York  City 
Peonies  Gas  Bldg.                       220  Fifth  Avenue 

KELLY-SMITH  CO.,  Reprcscntali-.cs 
220  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  V. 
Peoples  Gas  Bldg.,  Chicago,   111. 

S.  Blake  Willsden 

MANUFACTURERS'  AND  PUBLISHERS'  REPRESENTATIVE 


UP-TO-DATE 


Circulation   Features 


NEW    LOCATION 


1606   THE   HEYWORTH   BLDG.,    CHICAGO 


116 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


TALKS  ON  MANY  TOPICS.  ^'^■'■P'  o""  clearing-house  certificates,  but  verv  satisfactory.     We  have  sold  more  Scranton  Paper  Raises  Its  Price. 

a:„„„„,cJ  from  pane  113 )  have  paid  cash  every  time.     During  the  of    our    product    during   the    past    three  The  Scranton  Tribune-Republican  has 

eood  business  vear      Trade  in  all  lines  '"^f.ti'-t'iree  years  I   have  been  on  the  months  than  dunng  any  similar  period  followed  the  action  of  the  Philadelphia 

feems  to^lxcXnt    and  wTareeven        m'°     ^^^<;  h^^^'^^  P^'d  our   employes   in  in  our  history.    The  South  is  susceptible  public    Ledger    in    increasing    its    price 

now  LeHnl  the  effec  s  of  it  ^n  the  Her  =°''^  except  in  a  tew  instances.     1  his    1  of  greater  development  than  almost  any  ,„  („,„  ^^jI  per  copv.     In  announcing 

aM  office  '""P"";!    ''"'"    ™^k':  some  people   smile  other  section  of  the  country.    From  the  ,his     increase     the     Tribune-RepublicaS 

ChTrle's  H    Tavlor   .r-This  weather  f?' p^  '^  f™"^  those  who  know    hat  James  River  south  and  west  to  the  bor-  ,^,-,  that  the  paper  could  not  be  sold  for 

makes  me  feel  like ^ettin^o^^^^  "',''  ^^'"1    fi^TR              '^"'^  °    n'"'  ders  of  Arkansas  there  are  so  many  op-  jejs,  except  at  a  material  loss  on  each 

"nd   W   Ishino^     °I    1  "?e     he   sprint  ''^'Z  '"  *!  ^"^'  Bryan  campaign    Dur-  portunities    lor   business,  that    it    wou  d  ,     '.     -Consider  the  amount  of  the  in- 

ana   „oin„    "^"'"f      ,    "^\,  '"?   sprin„  ,ng  j^e  past  year  we  raised  our  foreign  take    a    trained    statistician    to    classify  vestment"   savs  the  aronnrement    ■•ind 

fever  in  my  blood,  and  on  May  b  I  leave  advertising   rates.      We   lost    only    four  them.     We  have  coal,  iron,  lumber;  we  alenT  renuired  in  its  nroduction    the  one 

for    No™    Scotia,    where    I    expect    to  advertisers;    and    these,    I    e.xpect,    will  have  rich  soil  and  abundant  rainfall  for  cent   new^aoer   is   trdarthe   ch^^^^ 

catch  a  tew  salmon  in  the  Midway.    It  after  awhile  come  back  to  us.  Our  busi-  the   production  of    cotton,  corn  and  all  lllwoRered  ior  .ale  in    Anieriraind 

is  a  matter  nt  record  that  the  hrst  .sal-  „.,--  i —  u —  i..-^..-  „,.«^,.  ™ — 4.1,  ^v,,,.-  .,        ..    -...i.    ._,    ___,__.  .       1  article  ottered  lor  sale  m  America,  ana 


is  a  matter  of  record  that  the  hrst  sal 
mon  of  the  season  are  caught  in  this 
river.  The  first  one  landed  this  season 
was  caught  in  January.  I  had  a  salmon 
from  the  Medway  on  my  table  early  in 


ness  has  been  larger  every  month  thus  other  agricultural  staples;  we  have 

tar  than  a  year  ago.  ter  power,  railroad  facilities  and  everv- 

Lafayctte   Young.  Jr.,  business    man-  thing  else  that  is  necessary  to  give  sup-  the  nart  of  their  natrons    fnr  thpr?  i  = 

.gcr  Ves  Momes  Ha.)   Ca|,ital-lo^v^  is  port    to    a    large    body    of   people.     The    ™  „ILP.^'k,,°JI„ 'i!r?l';.,!,°'„„"?=,'.' 

ays  prosperous  because  it  is  an  agri-  Southeastern     section     of     the     United 


the  actions  of  publishers  in  raising 
price  gives  no  excuse  for  fault  iindl.ij 


February.  Nothing  does  me  so  much  eultural  and  not  a  manuiactunng  State.  States  is  rapidly  coming  into  its  own, 
good  as  to  drop  business  at  this  time  of  ^  e  have  no  fears  about  the  outcome  of  but  its  progress  during  the  past  ten 
year  and  steal  away  to  Nova  Scotia  for  the  tariff  because  whatever  happens  we  .ears  has  been  phenomenal.  Railway  and 
a  weeks  samon  hshing  ^an  raise  enough  grain  and  other  food-    interurban     electric     construction     was 

yictor  H.   Hanson     publisher   of   the   ^^^g^   to   keep    us   going.     The    Capital    never    heavier   and   the   earnings   larger 
Birmingham    (Ah.)   Nezc's-Our  city  is    ^as   enjoyed  a  prosperous  season.     We    than  at  present. 

enjoying  a  hejilthy  businjiss  ^boom_.^  ihe   ^^g  making  a  steady  gain  in  advertising  

" "  ■  right  along.    We  have  made  no  changes 

the  mechanical  department.  The  only 
new-  thing  I  have  to  report  is  that  we 
are  now  getting  out  a  sporting  extra, 
thanks   to   the  new   sporting  service   oi 


no  other  business  that  would  seriously 
contemplate  the  sale  of  its  product  for 
less  tiian  cost  price. 


building  permits  issued  for  March 
showed  an  increase  of  3S6  per  cent,  over 
the  number  issued  the  same  month  last 
year.  Right  opposite  the  New'S  office  a 
25-story   building   is   being    erected. 


tallest  anywhere  in  the  S^uth.    Two  ho-    jhe  A    P. 


tels  are  in  process  of  construction,  one 
of  twelve  and  the  other  fifteen  stories. 
The  News  w-as  uadly  crippled  by  a  fire 
in  the  rear  of  our  building  a  short  time 
ago,  but  we  are  now  in  pretty  good 
shap  The  volume  of  advertising  car- 
ried indicates  that  we  are  getting  our 
share  of  the  business,  both  local  and 
foreign.  I  believe  that  1913  is  going  to 
be  an  unusually  prosperous  one,  unless 
President  Wilson  does  something  to 
prevent  it. 

I)'.  U.  Morgan,  publisher  of  the 
Hutchinson  (Kan.)  AVzl'.;  —  Things  are 
looking  bright  in  Kansas.  1  he  wheat 
crop  is  showing  up  fine,  and  the  indica- 
tions are  that  the  yield  will  be  heavy. 
In  my  part  of  the  State  the  outlook 
the  year  is  exceedingly  bright.  Although 
Hutchinson  has  a  population  of  only 
18,000,    the  News    has   a    circulation   of 


Moon,  Jr.,  secretary,  treasurer 
and  business  manager  of  the  Trenton 
(.y.  J.)  Evening  Times,  was  one  of  the 
most  optimistic  members  present.  He 
said  that  his  paper  is  carrying  more  for- 
eign advertising  than  ever  before,  and 
that  more  new  contracts  have  been 
signed  this  spring  than  during  any  sim- 
ilar period. 

"The  outlook  in  Trenton  is  remark- 
ably good,"  said  Mr.  Moon,  "despite  the 
present  situation  of  the  tar. if.  and 
Trenton,  as  a  manufacturing  center,  is 
materially  affected  by  some  of  the  pro- 
posed changes.  Our  city  is  not  l.kcly 
to  be  hurt,  as  so  many  anticipated,  ex- 
■f  ^'  cept  in  the  pottery  trade,  and  that  not 
to  a  material  extent.  The  reductions 
are  from  sixty  and  fifty-five  to  forty 
and  thirtj-five.  Our  rubber  and  iron 
industries    are    iinaft'ected.      How    pros- 


Calgary    Alberlan     Plant    Burns. 

A  fire  destroyed  the  building  occu- 
pied by  the  Calgary  (Aha.)  Albertan 
and  with  it  the  newspaper  plant  on  the 
morning  of  April  18.  The  loss  is  es- 
mated  at  $.300,000. 


Lynchburg  Newspapers  Burned  Out. 

The  Lynchburg  (Va.)  News  building, 
home  01  the  News,  a  morning  daily,  and 
also  of  the  Advance,  its  afternoon  edi- 
tion, was  destroyed  by  fire  whicTi  start- 
ed in  the  press  room  last  Monday,  with 
a  loss  of  $80,000.  The  building  is  in- 
sured for  $70,000. 


,\yer  &  Son  have  closed  their  Cleve- 
land office. 


over  9,000  copies.  One-third  is  distrib-  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^-  j^  j,q^^,  ^  ^.^  realized 
uted  m  the  city,  and  the  remainder  goes  ^^.,^^^  j^  j^  ^^j^  that  the  nv^rao^.  wa^e 
to  the  cities  and  towns   located   within 


hundred  miles  of  Hutchinson.  We 
claim  for  the  News  that  it  carries  a 
larger  volume  of  advertising  for  the 
size  of  the  city  in  which  it  is  pubhshed 
than  any  other  city  in  the  world. 

Frank  P.  MacLennan,  editor  and  pub- 
lisher of  the  Topeka  State  Journal  — 
Our  new  building,  now^  nearly  complet- 
ed, the  contract  price  for  which  was 
$72,000,  is  one  of  the  finest  newspaper 
buildings  in  the  Middle  West.  When 
we  get  everything  straightened  out  and 
fixed  up,  we  will  have  a  newspaper  plant 
that  will  compare  with  the  best.  Busi- 
ness is  good  in  our  section  of  the  State. 
I  can  see  no  reason  why  we  should  not  Sji; 
have  one  of  the  best  years  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  State. 

Fred  B.  Warren,  editor  St.  Louis  Star 
— When  we  took  hold  of  the  Star  eight 
months  ago  it  had  been  losing  money 
for  six  years.  To-day  the  paper  shows 
a  substantial  monthly  profit.  In  rehab- 
ilitating the  paper  we  retained  only  the 
vestige  of  the  old 


for  pottery  w'orkers  is  fourteen  dollars 
a  week,  or  three  times  as  great  as  the 
average  English  wage  in  the  same  in- 
dustry. That  these  excellent  figures  will 
pre\ail  there  is  little  doubt,  for  only  a 
few-  firms  are  affected  by  the  tariff." 

James  Kerney,  editor  of  the  Trenton 
Evening  Times,  wdio  accompanied  Mr. 
Moon,  and  who  has  helped  to  make  that 
paper  one  of  the  biggest  dailies  in  New 
Jerse\-,  says  that  the  circulation  has  in- 
creased -o.uOO  in  the  past  six  months, 
bringing  the  daily  net  circulation  up  to 
more  than  2.5,000. 

"Not  only  do  the  people  of  Trenton 
and    its    vicinity    appreciate    what    the 

mes  is  offering  them  for  one  cent," 
said  Mr.  Kerney,  "but  its  value  is  at- 
tracting attention  from  remote  points. 
We  are  now  carrying  more  than  lOO 
national  accounts  every  day." 

Arthur_  Capper,  proprietor  of  the  To- 
peka (Kan.)  Daily  Capital  and  eight 
other  publications,  said: 

Business    conditions    in    our   part   of 


physical  plant.  Not  a  vestige  01  uie  o.u  ^^^^  country  are  better  than  they  have 
paper  is  left.  Everything  printed  m  the  ^^.^_.  been ;  indeed,  better,  I  believe,  than 
Sunday  edition  ■-   ^^—""^■"t'-    ""  =^,r,ri,-  _      _  .  _ 

any  kind  beir  _ 
the  daily  edition  we  employ  the  Hearst 
comics  and  news  service,  and   are  pro-    especiallv  goo. 
ducmg  a  paper   that   the   people  of    St     ^j^^  ^^  j^^,  ;^  stationarv,  but  during'the 

Louis  want,  judging  from  the  fact  that  ^r. ,^_    _.._  -,;,_.,    _j. .._?;.; — 

our  circulation  has   more  than  doubled    f,„^  ,.„_ 
during  the  brief  time  we  have  been  in 


Sunday  edition  is  homeniade,  no  syndi-    .^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^  ^^^      ^^^^^  ^-^^     .j.^;^  ^ 
cate  matter  of  any  kind  being  used.    In       ^bably    due   to  the    fact   that   we   d< 

*u«    >1.,.1..   QH,+,^n    11TP    pmnlnir   thp    Hearst     ^        .       ^       ,  ,  ,  .   , 

pend  mostly  upon  the  crops,  w^hich  are 
Foreign  advertising 


months    our    local    advertising 
reased  1.3  per  cent.,  which  is  the 


charge  of  the  paper. 

Milo  IV.  Whittaker,  publisher  of  the 
Jackson  (Mich. )  Patriot— ThWtten  hun- 
dred houses  were  erected  in  Jackson 
during  the  past  year.  This  perhaps  m 
dicates  as  w-ell  as  any  one  thing  the  con 
dition  of  business  in  our  city 
all  optimists.  Because  of  the  diversified 
character  of  our  industries  we  are  al- 
ways "doing  well."  Once  our  chief  in- 
dustry was  the  manufacture  of  corsets 
but    now    we    make    urn' 


has 

best    indication    of    the    W'estern    situa 

tion.    Our  people  are  not  disturbed  over 

the  tariff,  as  it  has  little  to  do  with  their 

crops." 

ilr.  Capper  created  a  sensation  last 
fall  w-hen  he  accepted  the  nomination 
We  are  for  Governor  of  Kansas  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket  and  was  defeated  by  only 
twenty-nine  votes  out  of  half  a  million. 
Had  there  not  been  a  split  in  his  party 

__ he  would  have  won  out,  his  friends  say. 

ear,    skirts,    ^^   '^   '^^   popular  choice   for  noniina 


agricultural      implements,      automobiles,  tion  at  the  next  election. 

Pullman  car  springs,   automobile  acces-  Walter    D.    Lamar,    of    Maeon,    Ga., 

sories    and    cement-making    machinery,  president    of    the    Swift   Specific    Co. — 

In   times    of    panic   we   have   issued  no  Business    conditions    in    the    South    are 


BARNHART 

Steel  Composing  Room  Furniture 

isbuiltlike  a  modern  steel  building,  rigid, 
durable,  fireproof,  sanitary— tlic  ultimate 
answer  to  the  question:  How  may  a  com- 
posing room  be  fitted  up  to  turn  out  the 
most  work  for  a  given  expense  ? 
^Ve.  have  an  interesting  folder  describing 
the  most  modern  composing  room  in  the 
country— that  of  the  Times  yW(>ror  of  Los 
Angeles— which  we  shall  be  glad  to  send 
you.     "W'^rite  for  it, 

BARNHART  BROS.  &  SPINDLER 

168-170-172     New  York 
W.  Monroe    St..     Kansas  C.ty 


St.  Louis 

Omaha 

WashingI 


0/  BARNHART  Type  Faces 


i  Metal  Economy 


WILDES'  REFINED  METALS 

PLUS 

OXODIO 

THE  METAL   FLUX   AND  PRESERVATIVE 


14  Dover  Street,  New  York 


It's  All  in  the  Know  How 


HE  KNOWS  HIS  GAME 

Substantiallv  all  of  the  transfers  of  bonds,  stocks  and 
other  listed  securities  are  conducted  through  the  medium 
of  a  broker. 

HE   KNOWS   THE   ROPES 

Most  realty  transactions  are  conducted  through  the 
instrumentality  of  a  broker. 

The  wise  newspaper  or  magazine  owner  and  the 
prospective  purchaser  have  come  to  regard  the  services 
of  the  broker  whose  activities  are  confined  to  that  par- 
ticular field  of  operation  as  practically  indispensable. 

WE  ARE  EXPERTS  IN  OUR  WORK 

The  long  list  of  transfers  of  publishing  properties 
effected  through  the  instrumentality  of  our  firm  indicates 
the  favor  in  which  high  class,  efficient  and  confidential 
service,  such  as  w-e  render,  are  held  by  owners  and  buyers. 

We  do  effective  work  along  the  line  of  consolidation 
in  overcrowded  fields,  and  have  our  own  methods  of 
financing  in  such  transactions. 


HARWELL,  CANNON  &  McCARTHY 

Brokers   in   Newspaper   and    Magazine    Properties, 

200   Fifth  Avenue,   New  York. 


117 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


COLONEL  NELSON  EXONERATED. 


Commissioner       Upholds       Right       of 
Newspapers  to  Criticise  Decisions. 

William  R.  Nelson,  editor  and  owner 
of  the  Kansas  City  (Mo.J  Star,  has 
been  found  not  guilty  of  malice  in  the 
publishing  of  the  article  for  which  he 
was  adjudged  guilty  of  contempt  of 
court  and  sentenced  to  a  day  in  jail  last 
February  by  Circuit  Judge  M.  A.  Guth- 
rie at  Jefferson,  Mo. 

Commissioner  Charles  A.  Crow,  of 
Kansas  City,  reported  to  the  Supreme 
Court  at  Jefferson  City  that  the  article 
itself  was  "substantially  true"  and  that 
"unless  in  the  court's  opinion  that  arti- 
cle in  itself  was  contemptuous,"  the  pe- 
titioner should  be  discharged. 

The  article  in  question  stated  that 
Judge  Guthrie  had  refused  to  dismiss 
the  divorce  suit  of  Minnie  L.  against 
Claude  F.  Clevinger  until  >.ttorney's  fees 
were  paid,  and  that  the  refusal  came 
after  the  Clevingers  had  been  reconciled 
and  had  asked  the  dismissal  of  the  case. 

"Your  commissioner  finds,"  says  the 
report,  "that  the  article  was  as  nearly 
a  correct  report  of  court  proceedings  as 
could  be  expected  from  a  layman. 

"ihere  was  cause  for  comment  on  the 
order  in  the  Clevinger  case.  Your  com- 
missioner finds  from  all  the  evidence 
that  the  petitioner  was  merely  exercis- 
ing his  right  to  report  and  discuss  pro- 
ceedings in  a  court  of  justice,  and  the 
mere  fact  that  the  statements  are  inac- 
curate and  that  mistakes  appear  in  the 
article  would  not  render  him  guilty  of 
contempt." 

Tne  Supreme  Court  set  May  1  for 
the  hearing  of  Mr.  Nelson's  case  by  the 
court  en  banc.  The  case  was  carried  to 
the  Supreme  Court  by  Mr.  Nelson  on 
appeal  from  Judge  Guthrie's  decision. 


Pennsylvania  Dailies  Organize. 

The  Pennsylvania  Associated  Dailies, 
representing  212  newspapers  of  that 
State,  were  organized  on  April  16.  The 
following  officers  were  elected :  Presi- 
dent, E.  J.  Stackpole,  Harrisburg  Tele- 
graph ;  first  vice-president,  John  L. 
Stewart,  Washington  Observer  and  Re- 
porter and  Beaver  Times ;  second  vice- 
president,  Ernst  L.  Smith,  Wilkes- 
Barre  Times  Leader ;  Secretary,  Walter 
Fosnot,  Lewistown  Gazette ;  treasurer, 
W.  L.  Binder,  Pottstown  News;  execu- 
tive committee,  R.  P.  Habgood,  Brad- 
ford Star;  James  H.  Craig,  Altoona 
Gazette;  W.  M.  Long,  Chester  Times; 
W.  L.  taylor,  Y'ork  Dispatch;  Fred  L. 
Rentz,  New  Castle  News ;  A.  R.  Gor- 
don, Waynesboro  Gazette;  A.  S.  An- 
drews, Easton  Free  Press;  J.  H.  Zerby, 
Pottsville  Republican,  and  C.  L.  Gauls, 
Williamsport  Sun. 


N.  Y.  American  Fire  Damage  $40,000. 

An  examination  of  the  Rhinelander 
building,  William  and  Duane  streets,  fol- 
lowing the  early  morning  fire  in  the 
American  and  Journal  plant,  showed  it 
had  caused  damage  estimated  at  $40,000. 
The  mailing  room  of  the  two  papers  was 
destroyed,  but  the  presses  and  other  me- 
canical  equipment  were  not  damaged. 


The  Doland  (S.  D.)  Times-Record  is 
putting  up  a  new  building  for  its  en- 
larged plant. 

BUSINESS  OPPORTUNITIES 

EDITORIALS, 
Sane,    vigorous   and    timely,    furnished.       Also 
articles    on    special    topics.       Address    RELI- 
ABLE, care  The  Editoe  and  Publisher. 


Mr.  Foulk  Sells  Richmond  Item. 

The  Richmond  (Ind.)  Item,  owned  by 
William  Dudley  Foulk,  has  been  sold  to 
F.  S.  Dodd,  of  Decatur,  111.,  at  a  price 
approximating  $.50,000.  The  sale  was 
made  through  H.  F.  Henrichs,  ol  Litch- 
field, 111.,  the  well-known  newspaper 
broker.  It  is  understood  that  E.  F. 
Warfel,  who  has  been  general  manager 
of  the  paper  for  some  time,  will  con- 
tinue in  that  capacity. 


WE  INVITE 

orrespondence  by  anyone  inter 
n    becoming  part  owner  in  a 
ng  daily  newspaper  of  11,500  < 
Eastern     city     of 


latic 

100,000  populatioi 
an  editor  with  s 
vest.  Principal 
manages  the  busi 
ditional  capital. 
"BOX  D-1014," 
AND  Pu: 


Good  chan 
me    money 


After  an  occupancy  of  more  than 
sixty  years  the  Milwaukee  (Wis.)  See- 
bote,  a  German  newspaper,  will  leave 
its  quarters  on  Mason  street  and  occupy 
a  new  linme  at  3.3  Martin  street. 


A  small  trade  paper,  which  can  be  handled 
easily  by  one  man  and  will  produce  an  income 
of  $3,000,  can  be  bought  for  $7,000.  HARRIS- 
DIBBLE     COMPANY,     71     West    23d     Street, 


Second    Fire   in   Erie   Herald    Plant. 

Just  as  the  forms  for  the  Sunday  edi- 
tion of  the  Erie  (Pa.)  Herald  were  be- 
ing locked  up  at  3  o'clock  Sunday  morn- 
ing, someone  on  the  street  cried : 
"Fire !"  and  H.  C.  Field,  the  managing 
editor,  sent  out  two  reporters  to  cover 
the  blaze.  A  minute  later  he  threw 
open  the  door  leading  to  the  third  floor 
and  a  sheet  of  flame  burst  out.  The  en- 
tire upper  portion  of  the  building  was 
afire,  and  the  thousands  of  gallons  of 
water  thrown  into  this  section  soaked 
its  way  through  the  other  floors  and 
damaged  the  machinery  to  the  extent  ol 
$2.5,0U0.  This  is  the  second  fire  in  the 
Herald  plant  within  the  last  two 
months. 


Advertisers    cannot   afford    to   ignore    the 

LOUISVILLE  COURIER-JOURNAL 

and 

LOUISVILLE  TIMES. 

They  are  progressive;  splendidly  edited; 
popular  newspapers,  carrying  the  bulk  of 
advertising  in  their  respective  fields.  The 
Courier-Journal  is  published  every  morning, 
daily  and  Sunday,  and  its  circulation  among 
"those  who  can  afford  to  and  do  buy  ad- 
vertised goods"  is  stronger  to-day  than 
ever  before  in  its  history.  It  is  a  paper 
with  character  and  personality  and  on  its 
reputation  for  being  a  one-price  paper  with 
exclusive  territory  and  honest  circulation 
it  rises  to  a  standard  worthy  of  the  consid- 
eration of  discriminating  advertisers. 

The  Louisville  Times,  published  in  the 
afternoon,  is  a  veritable  shop-window  for 
thousands  of  people  of  all  classes.  It  repre- 
sents the  highest  type  of  the  popular  news- 
paper, entering  the  homes  of  the  laborer 
and  the  capitalist,  equally  interesting  and 
appreciated  by  both.  The  shrewd  adver- 
tiser, who  wishes  to  cover  the  great  terri- 
tory of  Southern  Indiana,  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee  needs  no  other  newspaper  if  he 
uses  the  Sunday  Courier- Journal,  the  daily 
Courier-Journal  and  the  Louisville  Times, 
for  the  combined  use  of  these  great  jour- 
nals, different  in  character,  yet  each  su- 
preme in  its  field,  places  his  appeal  before 
practically  the  entire  buying  element  of 
this  great  community. 

The  circulation  and  business  of  the  two 
papers  have  grown  steadily  and  this  year  it 
was  necessary  to  seek  a  larger  plant.  A 
four-story  building  has  just  been  completed 
and  here  the  two  leading  publications  of  the 
South  are  published  daily  in  one  of  the 
;r  plants  in  the  coun- 


try. 


ncwspapei 


The  S.  C.  Beckwith  Special  Agency 

Sole  Foreign  Representatives. 
New  York  St.  Louis  Chicago 


aTba@o  Th.®  ^lkm.^(B^  Tj]pmw,  mmmHj 


p[jrr3' 


mww  Tmm,  sfnw 


JMaiifilig  urn  Tw?'slw(B  S,m,mm 

©3?2aii5M©ai\5g  umal  ILflTiIiO.®'£®ai(i  IBsragg 

^mwmmrm'mm 


118 


leading  evening  daily  of  city  of  20,000  popula- 
tion. Modern  and  complete  equipment,  includ- 
ing 20-pagc  press  and  3  linotypes.  Annual  vol- 
ume of  receipts  over  ?55,000,  with  profit  of 
over  5G,000.  $20,000  cash  necessary.  Individ- 
uals qualified  to  handle  departments  may  buy 
Proposition  G.   C 


Newspaper  Properties 

225  Fifth  Ave.  New  York 

SITUATIONS  WANTED 


MANAGING  EDITOR  of  small  city  daily 
wants  place  writing  editorials  or  special  assign- 
ments in  larger  field.  Strong  copy.  Ten 
years'  experience;  28  years  old.  B.  PKESS, 
i-'lint,  Mich. 

FIRST-OLASS  SPORTING  WRITER 

WANTED,  a  position  as  sporting  writer  by 
one  thoroughlv  versed  in  professional  and  col- 
lege sports.  Specialty,  major  and  minor  league 
ba.seball.  Samples  of  work  furnished  upon  re- 
quest. Best  of  references  given.  ALEX,  de 
UKGARTE.  care  of  L.  Henchliffe,  220  Broad- 
way, New  York. 

EXPERIENCED  daily  newspaper  man  warns 
situation  as  editor,  editorial  writer  or  telegraph 
editor.  Now  night  editor  morning  paper. 
VV.  E.  ADAIR,  Box  313,  Pueblo,  Colo. 

CIRCULATION  MAN, 

I  have  had  an  all  around  circulation  training 
in  charge  of  country  and  city  departments,  as 
Assistant  Circulation  Manager,  and  in  charge 
of  suburban,  and  I  have  an  intimate  knowl- 
edge of  circulation  systems,  office  controlled, 
farmed  out,  etc..  and  can  produce  satisfactory 
increases  in  circulation  at  small  cost,  either  as 
charge    of 


the 


The  Ed 


BUSINESS  MANAGER. 

Man  with  large  general  experience,  who 
knows  every  department  of  newspaper  work, 
and  has  produced  splendid  results,  capable  of 
handling   a    large    property,    seeks    ne 


nployed.       Address    BOX 


MISCELLANEOUS 

WANTED— NEWSPAPER   IDEAS. 

Syndicate  supplying  editorial  material  to  im- 
portant daily  newspapers  in  many  American 
cities  will  pay  from  $10  to  $50  apiece,  accord- 
ing to  value,  for  practical,  new,  fresh  ideas  for 
stunning  features,  national  crusaaes,  catchy, 
splashy  stunts,  good  in  any  city,  attractive  hu- 
man interest  features,  national  or  local;  ne» 
ideas  for  sport,  woman  and  humor  departmenta 
Explain  your  suggestion  in  full.  Your  idei 
will  be  promptly  judged,  and  if  accepted,  pay* 
nmediately.       Add 


W.,"    care    ' 
York  City. 


Editor 


PUBL 


New 


DAILY  NEWS 

Reports  for  evening  papers,  adva 

service,    special    and    Chicago    nc 

plates,    50c.    per   page.       YARD'S    NEWS    BU 

REAU.  167  W.  Washington  St.,  Chicago,  IIL 


lail 

stereotype 


lediate  shij 


LINOTYPE    MACHINES 
odels,  bought  and  sold.     Complete  line  of 
machinery  and  supplies  on  hand  for 

Sich'&  McLean. 

61  am  St..  Now  York. 

SHORT  STORIES  WANTED 
for  Newspapers.      THE  WINTHROP  SYNDI- 
CATE, Rand-McNally  Building.  Chicago. 

THREE  SYNDICATE  FEATURES 
THAT  WILL  INCREASE  YOUR 
CIRCULATION.— $.3  Per  Calendar 
Month  for  Entire  List. 

(1)  "Sermon-Sonnets."  Uplifting,  practical. 
One  sonnet  per  week.  (2)  "Higby  Dodd's 
I'ertinent  Answer."  Formerly  published  in 
SATIRE,  recently  suspended.  Over  600  words 
per  week.  (3)  "Little  Jimmy's  Essays."  Full 
of  wholesome  humor.  About  300  words  per 
week.  AH  three  features  for  $3  per  calendar 
month  to  newspapers  in  different  sections. 
Free  space  in  the  classified  columns  of  THE 
HAWKINS  SYNDICATE  BUREAU  given  to 
every  patron  every  month.      Samples  sent  with- 

FREDERICK   B.   HAWKINS, 
Westwood,  N.  J, 


FOR  SALE 

h'UR  SALE  at  a  bargain.  Cox  Duplex  Print- 
ing Press,  good  as  new,  with  motor,  24  chases 
and  roller  rack.  Address  **D.  1009,"  care  The 
Editor  and  Publisher. 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


FORM    BIG  AD  BUREAU. 


New      Organization      Includes      Three 

Principal     Advertising     Promotion 

Associations     and     Will     Work 

for   Interest  of   All  Papers. 

By  far  the  most  important  movement 
ever  inaugurated  to  direct  advertising 
into  the  cokimns  of  newspapers  was 
launched  yesterday  when  Ithe  Bureau  of 
Advertising,  an  adjunct  of  the  Ameri- 
can Newspaper  Publishers'  Association, 
was  established  on  a  working  basis. 

The  establishment  of  this  Bureau  was 
effected  through  the  combination  of 
three  separate  organizations  which  have 
been  working  toward  the  same  end.  This 
combination  is  expected  to  prove  of  tre- 
mendous benefit  to  both  advertisers  and 
newspapers,  as  the  scope  of  the  Bureau 
will  extent  throughout  the  United  States 
and  benefit  all  classes  of  newspapers  and 
advertisers.  It  will  have  a  substantial 
basis,  $60,000  having  been  subscribed 
already  to  carry  out  the  work. 

The  Bureau  represents  the  consolida- 
tion of  three  organizations,  the  National 
Newspapers,  ithe  Daily  Newspaper  Club 
and  the  United  Newspapers.  Its  strength 
may  be  judged  by  the  committee  who 
will  have  charge  of  the  work  of  the  Bu- 
reau : 

J.  F.  Macka}',  Toronto  Globe,  chair- 
man ;  Jason  Rogers,  New  York  Globe ; 
Harry  Chandler,  Los  Angeles  Times; 
Hilton  U.  Brown,  Indianapolis  News; 
Hopewell  L.  Rogers,  Chicago  Daily 
News;  Fleming  Newbold,  Washington 
Star ;  John  R.  Rathom,  Providence 
Journal;  Louis  Wiley,  New  York  Times. 
and  David  B.  Plum.  Troy  Record. 

At  a  special  meeting  following  tne 
convention  yesterday  the  foregoing  mem- 
bers appointed  an  executive  committee 
which  will  handle  the  affairs  of  the  or- 
ganization between  meetings  of  the  Bu- 
reau.     They  are ; 

Jason  Rogers,  chairman ;  Louis  Wiley, 
Fleming  Newbold,  J.  R.  Rathom.  D.  B. 
Plum,  J.  F.  Mackay  and  Elbert  H.  Baker, 
president  of  the  A.  N.  P.  A. 

The  first  step  of  the  new  organiza- 
tion will  be  the  establishment  of  a  New 
York  ofl^ce.  J.  W.  Adams  will  be  tne 
manager  of  the  Bureau  and  W.  A. 
Thomson,  assistant  publisher  of  the 
New  Y'ork  Globe,  will  be  in  general 
charge.  Later  on  the  bureau  will  es- 
tablish an  ofl?ice  in  Chacago. 

Primarily  the  purpose  of  the  Bureau 
is  to  promote  advertising  for  news- 
papers. In  the  office  there  will  be  files 
of  all  newspapers,  and  here  will  be  as- 
sembled a  vast  amount  of  informal  on 
in  reference  to  newspapers  everywhere. 
The  Bureau  will  gather  and  index  infor- 
mation regarding  trade  conditions 
throughout  ithe  United  States,  secured 
through  its  members,  and  also  will  carry 
lists  of  the  leading  dealers  in  various 
lines  'of  business  in  each  city.  All  of 
thns  will  be  available  to  any  advertiser 
and  to  all  special  representaitives  of 
newspapers. 

The  Bureau  in  seeking  the  promotion 
of  advertising  in  newspapers  will  not  at 
any  time  solicit  business  for  any  single 
newspaper  or  group  of  newspapers,  but 
will  work  only  in  the  interest  of  all 
newspapers. 

The  plan  to  consolidate  all  of  ithe  dif- 
ferent organizations  that  in  the  past 
have  sought  to  promote  increased  ad- 
vertising for  the  newspapers,  into  a  Bu- 
reau of  the  A.  N.  P.  A.,  was  brought 
about  in  this  way: 

Years  ago  the  'Daily  Newspaper  Club 
came  to  existence  and  did  important 
work,  but  being  organized  on  a  flat  rate 
of  assessment  beyond  the  means  of  small 
papers,  did  not  receive  the  support  it  was 
entitled  to.  About  a  year  ago  the  Na- 
tional NeAvspaper  was  organized  by  a 
few  large  city  newspapers  for  the  so- 
licitation of  advertising. 

Realizing  that  any  effective  newspaper 
organization  should  include  both  domi- 
nant small  town  papers  as  well  as  im- 
portant papers  of  large  ciities,  Jason 
Rogers,  of  the  New  York  Globe,  on  Feb- 
ruary 25  of  this  year,  brought  together 


several  hundred  newspapers  to  form  the 
United  Newspapers,  and  up  to  the  pres- 
ent time,  received  248  signed  contracts. 

"Shortly  before  this,"  said  Mr.  Jason 
Rogers,  to-day,  "the  A.  N.  P.  A.  held 
a  conference  with  Hopewell  L.  Rogers, 
president  of  the  National  Newspapers. 
?.nd  Louis  Wiley,  head  of  the  Daily 
Newspaper  Club,  and  decided  to  recom- 
mend that  it  take  in  as  a  Bureau  the  ad- 
vertising promotional  work  created  by 
the  three  organizations. 

"This  has  been  accomplished  and  I  am 
transferring  to  this  advertising  bureau 
of  the  A.  N.  P.  A.  all  the  assets  and 
contracts  with  papers  now  held  b^""  the 
United  Papers,  and  as  rapidly  as  possible 
the  same  action  will  be  taken  by  the 
National  Newspapers  and  the  Daily 
Newspaper  Club. 

"During  the  convention  a  large  num- 
ber of  important  papers  of  the  country 
became  identified  with  the  advertising 
service  of  this  new  bureau  and  in  the 
near  future  we  will  send  invitations 
to  newspapers  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada  with  the  idea  of  largely  Increas- 
ing the  membership. 

"In  my  opinion  the  organization  will 
include  nearly  five  hundred  papers,  as 
soon   as   the  publishers  understand   the 


broad  scope  of  the  work  and  the  effective 
way  in  which  it  will  be  carried  out. 
membership  In  the  bureau  has  been  ar- 

"The  basis  of  assessment  provided  for 
ranged  on  the  following  basis: 


Table    of    Assessments. 

ulation.  Per  Month. 


J,001  to  75,000.  . 
3,001  to  100,000. 

.  200,000. 

)  300,000. 

I  400,000. 

I  500,000. 


,  of  200.001 
of  800,001 
of  400,001 


0.00 

s.oo 

10.00 
12.00 
16.00 

2(1.00 
2S,00 


),001 -10.00 


'"This  table  of  assessment  is  embodied 
n  Ithe  contract  form  of  the  Bureau, 
vhich  soon  wfill  be  sent  out  to  prospective 
nembers." 


YOU    MUST    USE  THE 

BXAMIINER 

to  cover  the  GREAT  SOUTHWEST 
Sunday  Circulation  1  OA  AAA 
MORE    THAN     -    -      I^U,UUU 


The 

Philadelphia 

German  DaUy  Gazette 

carries  more 
Local  and  General 
Advertising 
than  any  other 
German  daily 
published  in 
this  country. 

HOWARD  C.  STORY 

Publishers'  Representative 

New  York : 
806  Nassan-Beekman  Bldg. 


Chicago : 
UOO  Boyce  Bldg. 


Philadelphia : 
924  Arch  St. 


Scott  Six  Roll  "Multi-Unit"  Double  Sextuple  Combination  Triple-Quadruple  Press. 


OFFICE    OF    THE     PUBLISHER 
NEWARK,    NEW    JERSEY 

March  27th,  1913. 
Gentlemen : 

The  press  which  you  installed  in  our  office,  whose  units  are  so  disposed 

that  it  can  be  run  as  a  Double-Sextuple,  or  a  Triple-Quadruple  press,  has 

been  running  very  satisfactorily  since  last  December,  and  I  feel  justified  in 

commending  it  to  an3-one  who  desires  a  press  of  such  capacity  and  disposition. 

Very  trulj'  yours, 

WALLACE   M.   SCUDDER. 
Walter  Scott  &  Co., 

Plainfield,  N.  J. 

It  will  only  take  ONE  HOUR  of  your  time  to  see  this  machine  in  operation  any 
afternoon.    Please  call  at  or  telephone  our  New  York  Office  for  appointment 

Walter  Scott  &  Company 

DAVID  J.  SCOTT,  General  Manager 

Main  Office  and  Factory,  PLAINFIELD,  NEW  JERSEY,  U.  S.  A. 

NEW  YORK  OFFICE :  Metropolitan  Bidg.,  1  Madison  Ave.     Telephone,  Gramercy  785 


119 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


THE  NEW  AD  BUILDING 


Some  of  Us  Unusual  Provisions— Will 
Be  Headquarters  of  All  the  Adver- 
tising Organizations  of  the  City — 
Twelve  Passenger  Elevators  to  Be 
Provided— The  Club  Ro.iins— Spe- 
cial   Accommodations    for    Tenants. 

The  new  advertising  office  building 
ti>  be  erected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road Co.  at  Seventh  avenue  and  Thirty- 
third  street,  New  York,  a  picture  which 
appeared  in  last  week's  issne,  will  con- 
tain the  headquarters  of  the  Eastern 
Division  of  the  Associated  Advertising 
Clubs  of  America  and  the  central  offices 
of  the  latter  organization. 

The  location  of  the  building  is  ex- 
ceptional in  that  it  is  the  one  which, 
more  than  any  other  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  offers  the  most  immediate  con- 
nection between  all  points  of  the  coun- 
try. Within  a  short  time  after  the  com- 
pletion of  the  building  terminal  facili- 
ties will  be  opened  in  the  Pennsylvania 
station  for  the  New  York,  New  Haven 
&  Hartford  Railroad.  This,  with  the 
Pennsylvania  lines  and  the  Long  Island 
Railroad  lines,  will  furnish  railroad 
transportation  north,  east,  south  and 
west.  As  one  of  the  speakers  at  the 
banquet  expressed  it.  "This  building 
stands  at  the  gateway  of  .Xmerica."  Lo- 
cally the  building  will  be  situated  in 
the  heart  of  the  transportation  center 
of  the  city,  there  being  within  a  radius 
of  less  than  two  blocks  the  following 
lines: 

Express  station  on  Seventh  .'Vvenue 
subway,  which,  when  completed,  will  be 
the  trunk  line  of  the  subway  system  of 
New  York,  with  entrance  in  the  build- 
ing. 

Station  of  the  Hudson  &  Manhattan 
Railway  Co.  offering  imiixliate  connec- 
tion to  all  -Xew  Jersey  suliurban  points. 
Station  of  the   Broadway  sabway  Hear- 


ing completion.  Sixth  and  Ninth  ave- 
nue elevated  lines.  Broadway  surface 
line.  Thirty-fourth  street  crosstown 
line.  Crosstown  'bus  line  (Fifth  ave- 
nue). 

TWELVE  PASSENGER  EI,EV,^T0RS. 

For  the  handling  of  the  passenger 
.service  twelve  express  and  local  eleva- 
tors have  been  provided,  furnishing  a 
more  efficient  elevator  service  for  a 
given  area  than  exists  in  any  building 
in  New  York.  To  facilitate  the  han- 
dling of  freight,  two  freight  elevators 
have  been  arranged,  one  located  in  a 
recessed  area,  enabling  teams  to  drive 
directiv  into  the  building,  thus  provid- 
ing for  the  handling  of  freight  without 
interference  with  street  traffic. 

Special  rest  rooms  in  charge  of  ma- 
troiis  nave  been  provided  for  the  con- 
venience and  comfort  of  the  women  em- 
ployes in  the  building. 

On  the  seventeenth  floor  will  be  lo- 
cated the  club  rooms  especially  adapted 
to  the  needs  of  advertising  men.  On 
the  floor  above  will  be  located  an  addi- 
tion to  the  club,  including  a  large  din- 
ing-room, roof  garden  and  facilities  for 
the  culinary  and  service  departments  of 
the  club.  From  the  windows  of  the 
club  a  free  and  unobstructed  view  of 
the  city,  the  Hudson  River  and  New  Jer- 
sey is  to  be  had. 


It  IS  planned  by  the  committee  that  oi  all  clubs  affiliated  with  the  Associ- 
the  sixteenth  floor  be  divided  into  busi-  ated  Advertising  Clubs  of  America.  Al- 
ness headquarters  for  the  several  adver-  ready  pledges  liave  been  received  by  the 
Using  organizations  represented  in  New  committee  which  go  far  toward  assur- 
YorK  and  for  the  establishment  of  a  ing,  practically  for  the  lirst  time  a  corn- 
national   educational  bureau  for  the  use  plete  advertising  library. 


PAGE  MAT  SERVICE 

Since  providing  ourselves  with  a  complete  mechani- 
cal equipment  in  a  new  building  we  have  begun  issuing 
two  weekly  page  mats  for  use  on  Sunday  or  any  day 
thereafter. 

One  is  a  news  feature  page  and  the  other  is  a  full 
page  of  half-tone  pictures.  The  art  for  both  pages  is 
striking,  and  our  etchings  are  deep. 

The  price  is  $1.50  per  week  for  either  page,  carriage 
charges  prepaid.     State  length  of  page  in  ordering. 

Bear  in  mind  our  regular  daily  matrix  service, 
which  includes  C.  A.  Voight's  7-column  comics,  news 
cuts,  cartoons,  woman's  and  sport  page  features,  and 
Moulton's  humor  column. 

Proofs  and  sample  matrices  on  request. 

TBE  CENTRAl  PRESS  ASSOCIATION,  CIEVEIAND.  0. 


The  very  best 

New    Daily    Comic 

on    the    market 

"  AH  YES ! 
OUR  HAPPY  HOME" 

By  George  McManus 

Write  for  details 
International  News  Service 

200  William  St.,        New  York  City 


Pepper  Talks" 


'•Pcffcr  Talks  have  taken  this  commuiiily 
by  tlie  scruff  of  the  ncci!."— Herbert  Hum, 
The  Taeoma  Nevis. 

Yet,  this  Is  but  one  ol  our  30  (amous  nhoit 
feature.,  including  Walt  Mason.  George  Fitch. 
Abe   Martin.  Gelett    Burgess.  Ruth    Cameron, 


The  Adams  Newspaper  Service 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO 

Fifth  Avenue  BuiidinB        Peoples  Gas  Building 


GET 

Today's  News 
Today 

"By  United  Press" 

General  Office  : 
WORLD  BLDG.,       NEW  YORK 


A.    F.    I^ORENZEN 

Chicagro 

Mr.    Publisher, 

Daily    Newspaper, 

Anywhere,  America: 

Do  \  ou  realize  that  successful  representation 
n  the  Foreign  Advertising  Field  DEPENDS  ON 
(  UvIt  VNIZ  \ilON?  Do  you  know  that  the  com- 
bined Li=fort  of  our  organization  is  the  GREATEST 
lUSlNISS  GETTING  FORCE  in  the  foreign 
i(ht.rtising  held  to-day?  ELEVEN  of  the  best  men 
111  the  eountiy  actively  and  intelligently  soliciting 
lousiness  tor  our  papers  every  day.  Do  you  under- 
stand the  advantage  our  ORGANIZED  FORCE 
gives  the  Newspapers  we  represent  in  the  foreign 
held?  That  we  maintain  offices  in  New  York,  De- 
troit, Chicago  and  Kansas  City,  and  our  men 
TRAVEL  from  each  office,  making  it  possible  for 
us  to  put  a  solicitor  in  an  advertiser's  ofhce  any- 
wliere  in  the  sliortest  time?  We  work  on  commis- 
sion and  DO  NOT  bill  or  collect.  All  of  our  time 
is  devoted  to  developing  and  securing  ORDERS  for 
the    Papers    we    represent. 

Yours  truly. 

Cone,  Lorenzen  &  Woodman 


Publishers'   Representatives. 


225  Pifth  Ave. 
New  York 
Giunbel  Bldg*. 
Kansas  City 


ee  Press  Bids'. 

Detroit 

MaUers  Bids'. 

CMcag-Q 


O.    G-.   DAVTES 

Kansas    City 


:.  'wooDiviAiq' 
CMcaffo 


B.    DIGNAm 

Chicago 


120 


THE    EDITOR   AND    PUBLISHER   AND   JOURNALIST 


DAILY  CLUB  DINNER. 


Mayor  Gaynor  Takes  His  Accustomed 

Stand  on  New  York  Newspaper — 

Inez   Milholland    and    James   W. 

Schermerhorn  Other  Speakers. 

Quite  the  feature  of  the  fifth  annual 
dinner  of  the  Daily  Newspaper  Associ- 
ation, given  last  Wednesday  at  the  Wal- 
dorf-Astoria, was  a  speech  made  by 
Mayor  Gaynor,  of  New  York.  As  has 
been  his  habit  recently,  the  Mayor  took 
a  rather  pessimistic  view  of  New  York 
journalism.  Though  not  very  generous 
witn  his  remarks  about  the  country 
press,  he,  nevertheless,  admitted  that  the 
American  press  was  the  best  to  be 
found  anywhere. 

Louis  Wiley,  of  the  New  York 
Times,  president  of  the  association,  acted 
as  toastmaster,  and  acquitted  himself  of 
this  task  in  a  very  happy  manner.  He 
said  that  the  dinner  marked  not  only 
the  fifth  successful  year  of  the  club,  but 
also  was  evidence  of  the  adhesion  to  its 
principles  of  the  United  Newspapers 
and  the  Associated  Newspapers,  mem- 
bers of  which  associations  were  present 
in  large  numbers.  In  introducing  Mayor 
Gaynor,  Mr.  Wiley  referred  to  him  as 
the  best  executive  New  York  City  has 
had,  and  designated  him  "the  publisher 
of  our  esteemed  contemporary,  the  City 
Record." 

ivlr.  Wiley  further  pointed  out  that 
Mayor  Gaynor  had  considerably  en- 
riched the  English  language  of  late,  and 
had  attracted  the  attention  of  the  world 
to  New  York  as  the  principal  amuse- 
ment center  of  the  world.  Speaking  in 
a  more  serious  way,  Mr.  Wiley  said 
that  Mayor  Gaynor  had  made  many  ap- 
pointments without  regard  to  politics, 
had  been  a  good  public  official,  but  had 
not  fared  well  at  the  hands  oi  the  rag- 
bag press  of  New  York,  not  represented 
at  the  dinner  to  any  ffreat  extent. 

MAYOR   MAKES    CAUSTIC   REMARKS. 

Mayor  Gaynor  said,  in  part; 

That  I  aiD  the  editor  of  the  City  Rec- 
ord, I  disavow.  It  is  a  paper  of  hardly 
any  interest  at  present,  Ibut  I  would  like 
to  say  that  if  I  i\vas  its  editor.  I  could 
make  a  very  interesting  sheet  out  of  it. 

You  people  are  an  association  of  news- 
paper meu  and  the  less  I  say  about  you, 
the  better  for  you  'iTud  the  better  for  some 
not  here.  Rag-bag  newspapers  or^  said 
to  be  not  represented  here,  but  1  have  a 
notion  that  I  could  easily  disprove  this. 

You  have  men  here  from  Albany.  Buf- 
falo, Milwiinkee,  Cincinnati,  Fort  Wurfch 
and  ev(-u  Montgoiuery  down  in  the  South, 
and  I  see  also  somebody  from  the  New 
York  World,  the  Evening  Post.  an<l  ju-st 
think  of  it.  even  the  Brooklyn  Eagle.  It 
adds  :i  new  terror  to  death  to  see  some 
of  these  representatives.  However,  I  am 
satisfied  with  tiie  company  if  you  are.  I 
am  put  in  mind  of  the  Spanish  provei^b, 
which  says  :  "We  are  all  as  good  as  God 
made  us,  only  some  of  us  are  much  worse." 
This  is  true  of  the  newspapers. 

Reference  had  been  made  by  Mr. 
Wiley  to  the  Mayor's  efforts  to  render 
the  Street  Cleaning  Department  more 
"efiicient.     Availing  himself    of   this    op- 


IMPORTANT 

CHANGE  of  RATES 

Beginnine-with  the  October,  1913.  issue 
the  advertising  rales  of 

MISSOURI 
VALLEY  FARMER 

will  be : 

Per  agate  line  -  -  -  -  $2.00 
Per  page  (740  lines)  -  $1100.00 
Back  cover  page    -    -    $1200.00 

GUARANTEED  CIRCULATION  500 OOO 

of  space   accepted  at 


Q/^^^iZl^^tMr' 


Topeka,  Kansas,  April  1,  1913 


portunity,  Mayor  Gaynor  said  some 
very  caustic  things  about  what  he  called 
the  "gutter  press'' ; 

I  knew  I  was  doing  the  wrong  thing  all 
the  time  when  I  issued  this  order  auout 
gutters  'having  to  'be  kept  clean  of  news- 
papers  and  other  refuse.  No  official  act 
:nas  ever  caused  me  so  much,  compunction. 
Most  of  the  newspapers  found  in  the  gut- 
ter-belong there.  Ait  any  rate,  they  can 
do  less  iharm  there  than  they  will  it  they 
are  taken  home. 

AMERICAN   JOUItNAUSM  IS  BEST. 

But  you  people  represent  a  press  which, 
as  I  shall  take  pleasure  in  saying,  is  the 
best  to  be  found  anywhere,  i  Jiave 
watched  the  ipress  in  Europe.  1  have  seen 
the  newspapers  of  England,  li'rance'  and 
(Germany,  and  afiter  looking  them  over 
carefully,  I  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that 
the  American  press  is  far  in  advance  of 
them.  That,  liowever,  does  not  include 
the  press  of  New  York.  I  am  talking 
now  of  the  country  press.  Of  course, 
we  liave  some  splendid  newspapers  in 
'New  York  City,  but  they  are  all  afflicted 
with  the  itendeney  to  follow  the  worst  of 
them.  In  the  race  for  circulation,  editors 
bave  become  more  smart  than  truthful. 
1  'have  a  notion  that  I  have  added  to  the 
circulation  of  some  of  the  better  news- 
papers in  New  York,  for  I  think  that 
my  remarks  aibout  some  of  the  papers 
have  had  effect.  Wiley's  paper  here  has 
increased  in  circulation  about  100,000 
since  I  have  expressed  myself  on  some 
of  the  newspapers,  but  I  don't  get  the 
credit  which  I  ought  to  get. 

Out  in  the  smaller  towns  of  the  Middle 
West  they  have  some  most  excellent 
newspapers.  Five  years  ago  1  went 
across  the  continent,  and  on  this  trip  I 
took  a  good  look  at  all  the  newspaipers  I 
could  see.  I  found  them  all  good,  witli 
the  exception  of  the  cities  which  had 
been  infected  'by  certain  parties,  and  in 
them  I  found  the  usual  demoralization  of 
the  press.  I  iwould  like  to  say  liere  that 
a  certain  publisher  who  owns  a  string 
of  papers  across  the  continent  recently 
started  a  paper  in  the  South.  Somehow 
this  paper  is  diffei'ent  from  all  the  others. 

The  fair  discussion  of  public  matters 
by  the  press  ^mnst  be  invited,  but  discus- 
sion which  is  not  fair  is  of  no  value 
whatever.  Until  I  ran  for  Mayor  I 
thought  I  had  a  pretty  good  public  rec- 
oi-d,  'but  right  then  I  had  to  realize  to 
what  depth  newspaper  scoundrelism  will 
descend.  I  was  so  shocked  'that  on  thp 
night  of  my  election,  when  the  people  of 
New  York  City  made  me  their  executive, 
that  I  could  merely  send  my  compliments 
to  the  editors  when  they  asked  me  for 
an  expression. 

PllOPIilETOES    KOOT    OF    ALL   EVIL. 

Newspaper  pa-oprietors  are  the  root  of 
all  evil.  If  you  would  leave  reporters 
and  the  editors  alone,  we  would  'have  a 
good  press.  I  have  a  notion  that  re- 
porters and  editors  mean  well  enough, 
but  when  the  proprietor  gets  in  his  policy 
and  colors  everything  Iby  that  policy, 
why,  then  the  newspaper  'becomes  the  ex- 
ponent of  mere  propa-ietorship.  If  yon 
have  a  bla^^kgnard  proprietor,  you  have 
a  blackguaixl  newspaper.  What's  the 
good  of  ihaving  good  reporters  and  edi- 
tors on  a  paper  like  that?  Except  they 
do  as  they  are  told  and  prostrate  them- 
selves, they  are  told  to  get  out.  Decent 
proprietorship  makes  for  decent  news- 
papers. 

After  quoting  Emerson,  to  show  what 
a  good  newspaper  is,  and  Goethe  in  a 
passage  illustrating  how  really  worth- 
less and  negligible  the  unfair  newspaper 
becomes.  Mayor  Gaynor  continued : 

On  a  recent  return  from  labroad  I  was 
forcibly  impressed  with  Goethe's  re- 
mark about  the  newspapers.  While  I 
was  in  Europe,  I  thought  that  I  was  miss- 
ing a  great  deal  by  not  seeing  the  Ajmer- 
ican  newspapers.  On  my  return  I  dis- 
covered that  I  hadn't  missed  anything. 

SEES  IMPRXJVEMENT  IN  OFFING. 

The  px-ess  is  the  greatest  force  we  have 
in  this  country,  and  that  power  may  be 
for  good  or  evil.  As  a  whole,  it  is  a 
■force  for  good.  It  is  Ijetter  to  leave  it 
free  'with  all  its  low  proprietorship  than 
to  resti'ict  it.  I  believe  in  the  absolute 
freedom  of  the  press,  limited  only  to  the 
extent  that  newspapers  'be  lield  respon- 
sible 'for  what  they  say.  I  believe  that 
some  of  the  amazing  features  of  Amer- 
ican journalism  are  passing  phases,  and 
that  the  press  of  the  country  is  on  the 
eve  of  reclaiming  itself,  and  tliat  soon  it 
will  turn  back  to  the  high  character  it 
had  when  Emerson  wrote  the  poem  I 
Quoted. 

ADVERTISING    ON    SUFFRAQISM. 

The  next  speaker  on  the  program  was 
Miss  Inez  Milholland,  who  had  chosen 
for  her  subject  "Psychology  of  Adver- 
tising."   Miss  Milholland,  in  her  speech, 


The  BUFFALO  COURIER 

Sunday  and  Daily,  and 

The  BUFFALO  ENQUIRER 

Every  evening,  excepting  Sunday 


ngs  of  a  political 
olored,  ungarbled, 
d    of    the    Buffalo 


are  100%  newspapers.  This  is  true  in  relation  to  their 
mediums  of  news  interest  and  information;  it  is  true  as  tc 
men  who  have  anything  of  merit  to  sell  to  the  public.  1 
paper  is  not  an  organ.  It  is  not  an  apologist  for  sins,  or  f 
party.  The  perfect  modern  newspaper  gives  its  readers  the  i 
accurately,  fairly,  concisely  and  completely.  This  is  the 
Courier  and  Enquirer. 

The  Buffalo  Enquirer  was  acquired  by  William  J.  Conners,  its  present  owner  an 
editor,  in  1395,  when  it  had  a  circulation  of  9,000.  It  has  expanded  to  00,000  an 
is  continuously  increasing.  The  Sunday  and  Daily  Courier  were  acquired  by  Willia: 
J.  Conners  in  1897.  These  papers  had  a  circulation  of  10,000  each,  Sunday  an 
daily.  The  Sunday  Courier  now  has  a  circulation  of  106,000;  the  Daily  Courier  h; 
a  circulation  of  60,000.  Both  newspapers  are  continuously  increasing  in  circulatioi 
This  circulation  is  not  artifical,  temporary  nor  bolstered  by  catchpenny  schemes, 
is  firmly  established,  rock-founded,  home  circulation.  The  kind  that  reads — and  buy 
This  circulation  has  been  gained  by  scrupulous  fidelity  to  principle,  by  quality  an 
interest.  The  factors  that  have  gained  this  circulaton  are  holding  it — are  ever  ii 
creasing  it,  and  will  continue  to  do  so  indefinitely. 

Expediency   has    never    caused   the    Courier   nor   the    Enquirer    to    swerve    from    i 
policy    in    the    public    service.      Herein    lies    the    secret    of    their    success.      That    is    tV 


iset  by  people  who  have 
and    its    circulation    the 

n  for  the  business  man 
can  be  obtained  through 

ny  other   medium  in  the 

It    can    be    demonstrated 


chief  reason  why  these  papers  are  regarded  as  a  business 
anything  to  sell  to  the  public.  In  proportion  to  its  rate 
Sunday  Courier  is  the  most  profitable  merchandizing  medi 
in  the  United  States  or  Canada.  A  greater  volume  of  busine: 
the  Sunday  Courier  on  a  specific  investment,  than  through 
country.  This  statement  is  susceptible  of  absolute  proof, 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  most  critical  advertising  analyst. 

Immediately  upon  acquiring  the  Courier  and  Enquirer  Mr.  Conners  equipped 
a  plant  as  complete  and  as  perfect  as  human  skill  and  ingenuity,  linked  with  prac- 
tically unlimited  resources,  could  furnish.  In  the  mechanical  departments  the  future 
was  largely  discounted.  Facilities  were  provided  to  meet  the  needs  of  an  assured 
future.  Thus,  in  equipping  a  press  room,  with  a  battery  of  four  presses,  including 
a  multicolor  and  a  half-tone  offset  web  press,  to  meet  a  circulation  of  100,000  and 
upwards,  when  the  circulation  was  10,000  or  less,  Mr.  Conners  proved  that  he  had 
confidence  in  the  good  sense  and  appreciation  of  the  public  to  read  interesting  and 
entertaining  newspapers. 

Multicolor  comic  sections,  extensive  sections  of  special  features,  accurate  depart- 
mental service  in  society,  marine,  railway,  fraternal,  markets,  etc.,  splendid  half- 
tones thorough  local  and  telegraphic  service,  all  combined  with  the  highest  class 
magazine  obtainable,  are  some  of  the  reasons  for  the  popularity  of  the  Courier  and 
the  Enquirer  in   their  respective  fields. 

But  the  actual  worth  of  a  newspaper,  measured  according  to  the  infallible  busi- 
ness standard,  is  only  as  great  as  is  its  power  to  obtain  results  for  the  customers  who 
patronize  its  columns  for  advertising.  This  is  not  a  sordid  estimate.  Worth,  intrinsic 
worth,  in  a  newspaper  is  doubly  reflected  from  a  single  source — merit.  To  command 
circulation  a  newspaper  must  have  merit.  To  retain  circulation  newspapers  must 
retain  merit.  To  obtain  customers  for  advertisers  a  newspaper  must  not  only  pos- 
sess circulation;  it  nnist  possess  the  coniidence  of  its  readers.  So,  obviously,  circula- 
tion and  advertising  are  reflected  from  the  one  source— merit.  Herein  the  Courier  and" 
the  Enquirer  excel.  They  are  business-getters.  An  advertisement  placed  in  the 
Courier  and  Enquirer  is  a  tangible,  practical  investment,  as  real  and  as  necessary 
to  business  as  clerk-hire  or  store-rent.  When  a  newspaper  advances  from  10.000 
circulation  to  106,000  circulation,  without  recessions,  the  causes  which  are  responsible 
for  that  increase  are  as  apparent  as  sunlight — they  need  not  be  stated,  they  are 
known  to  every  person  of  intelligence  in  the  world. 

An  advertisement  in  the  Courier  and  Enquirer  is  not  an  expense — it  is,  on  the 
contrary,  the  purchase  of  a  dividend-paying  proposition.  There's  an  old  "bromidion," 
used  by  the  ossified  of  the  business  world,  to  this  effect: 

"My    profits    are    insufficient    to    warrant    a    large    expenditure    for 
advertising." 

Then    there's   another  used  by   the  Ii 
spite   of  themselves: 

"I'm  so  busy,  I  can't  advertis< 

Tiie  first  bromide  needs  the  Courier  and  Enquin 
vastly  increased  by  an  expanded  volume  of  business.  The  second  bromide  needs  the 
Courier  and  Enquirer  because  the  market  will  not  always  keep  him  at  capacity.  In 
this  connection  one  of  the  greatest  advertising  manufacturers  in  the  United  States 
placed  $150,000  in  advertising  when  his  plant  was  not  only  at  capacity,  but  had 
enough  orders  booked  ahead  to  keep  it  at  capacity  for  one  and  a  half  years.  This 
man  is  also   regarded  as  one  of  the  shrewdest  advertisers  in  the  country. 

A  gentleman  (name  on  application)  who  has  systematized  his  business  to  finality 
and  who  uses  one-third  of  his  entire  advertising  appropriation  in  the  Sunday  Courier 
figures  that  SQ%  of  the  Sunday  Courier's  circulation  actually  buys  the  goods  adver- 
tised in  this  newspaper.  This,  on  a  test  of  an  especially  attractive  advertisement 
offering  certain  specific  articles  at  remarkably  low  prices.  In  another  test  an  ex- 
pendture  of  $40  in  the  Courier  excelled  in  actual  results  an  expenditure  of  $300  in 
other  mediums.  These  incidents  are  quoted  merely  to  show  the  business-getting 
qualities  of  the  Sunday  Courier,  Speaking  of  tests,  an  interesting  incident  is  at 
hand  of  a  local  manufacturing  retailer  who  sells  his  own  goods  at  both  wliolesale 
and  retail.  He  was  astounded  to  find  that  a  rival  retailer  was  selling  more  of  his 
goods  than  the  manufacturer's  own  retail  store.  Inquiry  showed  that  the  rival  was 
using  the  Sunday  Courier  extensively  as  an  advertising  medium.  Naturally  the  cir- 
culation of  the  Sunday  Courier  is  greater  than  the  circulations  of  all  the  other 
Buffalo  Sunday  newspapers  combined. 

Cone,  Lorenzen  &  Woodman,  of  New  York  and  Chicago,  handle  the  foreign 
advertising  for  the  Sunday  Courier,  the  Daily  Courier  and  the  Enquirer. 


;en    who  have  happened 
n  at  capacity 


his    profits 


uld   be 


121 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


It  is  read  every  day  by  a 
greater  number  of  people  than  any 
other  daily  newspaper  west  of  New 
York  City — advertisers  who  con- 
centrate  in    the 

Chicago  Evening 
American 


^ 


^. 


Get  the  best  results. 


-J 


NEW  YORK 
EVENING 

JOURNAL 

Prints  and  sells  more 
copies  than  any  other 
Daily  Paper  in  America. 


The  Circulation  of 

THE  BOSTON  AMERICAN 

IS  OVER 

400,000 

DAILY  and  SUNDAY 
THE  L\RGEST  IN  NEW  ENGLAND 


Leads   All 

Daily   AND    Sunday 

The  Omaha  Daily  News 

Daily  Average  February.     -    72,446 
Sunday  Average  February  -    44.105 

"The  Southwest's  Greatest  Newspaper" 
9  cents  per  line,  flat 


New  York.  Chicago, 

366  Fifth  Ave.  1110  BoyceBldg. 

J.  F.  Antisdel  E.  B.  Spicek 

S.  W.  Dubois  S.  R.  Aeries 

A.  K.  Hammond  E.  N.  Crawford 

E.  R.  Landis 

IN   KANSAS  CITY,   Oscar   Davies. 


I  t    i  s    a    fact    that 
Without  exception 

THE  BEST  DAILY  COMICS 

AND 

THE  BEST  SUNDAY  COMICS 

are  those  put  out  by 

The  McCIure  Newspaper  Syndicate 

45  West  34th  Street,  New  York  City 


"Try  our  perfecting  News  at 
5  cents.  It  is  guaranteed  not 
to  smut  or  offset  and  is  black 
and  clean." 

SEND    FOR    SAMPLE 


F.    E.    OKIE    CO. 

Manufacturers    Fine    PrintinE    Inks 
PHILADELPHIA.   PA. 


modified  her  topic  to  the  psychology  of 
advertising  from  the  point  of  view  of 
a  suffragette: 

I'be  j^iiIlTiiguttc  point  of  view  is  the 
oiil.v  thing  1  know  much  of.  We  have 
liau  lu  aiivfrrise  as  best  we  could,  ana 
\\r  lia\»-  iiuiie  this  because  we  had  a  j^ood 
cuiiiiiiodii.v.  lUit  to  market  this  and  get 
tiK'  atiL-ntioii  of  the  public,  we  had  to 
stud.v  a.lvcniMiig.  Wu  discovered  that 
tln'  swilt  ami  unc.vpccted  movement  is 
the  bist  lo  uaiiUlrc  llic  attention  of  the 
jmblu-.  Hark  of  tliis  lie  .several  psyeliu- 
iogiral  iacLoi-s,  the  most  important  of 
which  I  can  'best  iilustnile  b.v  taking  yuu 
out  into  the  open  lauasrape.  As  iuug"  a's 
there  is  nothing  iu  tlie  perspective  tliat 
occupies  the  nund  particularly,  the  atten- 
tion of  the  eye  is  scattered. 

Jiut  let  a  horse  or  a  cow  or  a  xJtnk 
parasol  appeal-  on  the  scene,  and  the 
miud  beeoiiies  foLUscd.  However,  the  ob- 
ject lra\'eling  in  one  direcliou  only  soon 
fails  to  i>ro,lur,.  coucelitratiou  of  the  spec 
tators'   iiiriital  fjculties-  a  cliaage  in  di- 

r.T|i,„l,      r.,„.ri:,I|y      a      .Mviil      chuUge,      Wiil 

again  li.4,l  Ihr  ry:.  alal  this  is  what  we 
SUlh-au.'llr.  jaur  lu:;,  |  r  >  i  11 :;  In  aCCOm- 
Pll-li.  I  Ihiok  «..  hav  sn.vrr.led  iu  this. 
At  I.'asr.  We  iia\e  dune  our  best,  because 
we  do  iioi  want  to  go  down  in  defeat  in 
1111.-.  on  account  of  neglect  on  our  part. 
Adverlisiug  is  a  praisoworthy  thing. 
It  draws  the  attention  of  the  public  to 
ct>iiimo. lilies  it  neetU  and  equal  suf- 
frage is  to  my  miud  one  of  the  greatest 
conimodities  now  iu  the  market. 

ECONOMICS    or    ADVERTISING, 

The  subject  of  "National  Advertising 
from  the  Consumer's  Standpoint"  was 
treated  by  Proi.  Paul  T.  Cherington,  of 
Harvard  University.  Mr.  Cherington 
occupied  himself  with  advertising  from 
the  economic  point  of  view,  and  dwelt 
extensivelv  on  the  failure  of  advertis- 
ers to  keep  abreast  of  the  times.  It 
seemed  to  hini  tliat  many  of  them  em- 
ployed methods  that  might  have  been 
effective  thirty  years  ago,  but  which  to- 
day could  not  hope  to  achieve  success. 

He  said,  in  part : 

The  consumer  is  ttie  last  court  of  ajp- 
IJcal  of  the  advertiser.  Xu  matter  how 
well  planned  the  campaign,  iiow  well 
wnitten  the  cijiy,  advertisiug,  before  it 
can  hope  i<-'  I iferii\-,/.  must  sense  ex- 
isting conditii.iis.  fiist  of  all,  it  must  be 
under-stood  jusi  who  tlie  eoiisumcr  is.  It 
is  assumed  ordinarily  that  the  consumer 
is  you  and  I  and  some  other  fellows.  At 
one  time  this  definition  \vas  fairly  correct, 
but  it  is  this  no  longer  to-day.  Thirty 
years  ago  the  consumer  bought  what  lie 
needed ;  to-day  he  buys  what  he  wants. 
Thus  tlie  consumer  has  become  the  indi- 
vidual, plus  the  conditions  of  his  life. 

ilOOERX    METHODS    BAOLY    NEEDED. 

IJuriug  the  last  thirty  years  -a-dN-crtising 
has  undergone  so  many  changes  that  to- 
day it  is  no  longer  the  simple  announce- 
ment of  the  fact  that  So-ninl^Sn  has  a  cer- 
tain article  for  sale.  .Men  In-day  ask  the 
question,  why  I  should  buy  toulh  powder 
tor  25c.  in  one  store  when  iu  another  it 
is  advertised  for  lU'e.  One  safety  razor 
selling  for  ^o  and  another  for  a  quarter 
is  apt  to  cause  investigation  of  a  rather 
serious  kind.  In  other  words,  advertis- 
ing to-day  has  the  tendency  to  educate 
the  public  in  matters  affecting  its  pocket- 
book.  Ou  this  account  advertising  must 
be  consistent.  It  is  hardly  cousisTeni 
when  tlie  \'alue  of  au  article  is  not  prop- 
erly established  iu  the  advertisement. 
The  widespread  publicity  of  our  day  has 
resulted  iu  a  new  sort  of  public  con- 
sciousness. A\'ider  education  and  greater 
uiobilit\'  are   hack  of  this,  and  so  is  also 

the slant    uiiward    tendeucv    of  public 

inlelligeiiee.  The  bait  of  thirty  years  ago 
cannot  hope  to  catch  the  consumer  of  to- 
day. I'or  that  reason  the  objective  of 
this  <,irg.auizatiou  is  big  enough  to  get  the 
closest    consideration. 

SCIlEIi.MEHHORN   AND  THE   BEATITUDES. 

The  ne.xt  speaker,  James  Schermer- 
liorn,  publisher  of  the  Detroit  Times, 
spoke  on  "Testing  the  Beatitudes — A 
Twentieth  Century  Newspaper  Experi- 
ment" 

l\ir.  Schermerhorn  proved  easily  the 
star  performer  of  the  evening.  In  a 
style  nothing  short  of  Mark  Twain- 
esi|ue.  he  recited  dryly  his  experience 
of  >running  a  newspajjcr  more  or  less  in 
accord  with  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount. 
Every  one  of  his  sentences  was  punctu- 
ated by  the  laughter  of  the  diners,  and 
there  were  many  who  insisted  that  if 
ever  the  beatitudes  ihould  desert  Mr. 
Schermerhorn  entirely,  he  would  have 
no  trouble  making  a  mark  as  a  humor- 
ist. 

Aiter  paying  his  compliments  to 
Mayor   Gaynor   for  his   remarks   anent    !_ 

122 


The  Story  of 

THE  PinSBURG  DISPATCH 

Started  in  a  SmaU   Way   Soon   Distances   Rivals— Indepen- 
dence and  Progressiveness  Recognized  Over  the  Whole  World 

The  date  of  February  S,  1846,  was  rich  in  moment  for  Pittsburg,  for  it  was  on 
the  morning  of  that  day  that  the  Pittsburg  Dispatch  came  into  existence.  It  was  a 
rather  insignificant  sheet  in  appearance,  as  most  of  the  newspapers  were  at  that  time, 
even  in  what  was  called  the  "metropolis,"  which,  of  course,  meant  New  York  City, 
Pittsburg  merely  giving  promise  of  great  things  to  come,  with  no  great  accompanying 


performance,  though 
Ten  months  prev: 
I   most    of    the    bus 


i  then 


thri 


little 


:ity. 


he  birtli  of  the  Dispatch  the  great  fire  had  swept  the  city 
strict  had  been  destroyed.  Plundreds  of  business  men 
were  ruined.  Business  was  paralyzed.  In  the  very  presence  and  defiance  of  this 
disaster  the  Dispatch  came  into  existence  and  was  issued  by  J.  Heron  Foster  from 
a  "box"  in  Third  street,  the  heart  of  the  destroyed  region.  Such  "nerve"  was  won- 
derfully inspiring  and  despairing  ones  were  induced  to  "buck  up"  and  grasp  at  new 
situations  and  look  for  new  opportunities. 

Mr.  Foster  had  acquired  the  iron  front  building,  one  of  the  first  in  the  city,  which 
for  long  years  was  the  office  of  the  Dispatch,  now  the  Newell  Hotel,  one  of  the  most 
valuable  properties  on  lower  Fifth  avenue.  It  was  counted  one  of  the  finest  proper- 
ties for  newspaper  publication  in  the  country. 

The  Great  Change. 

With  the  return  of  Mr.  Foster  from  the  great  war 
Company  was  organized  in  1865.  The  initiator  of  the  papi 
would  be  the  wisest  action  imaginable  to  introduce  into  th 
most  responsible  for  the  making  of  the  journal.  For 
men,  one  on  the  writing  force  and  the 
forces,  had  made  good  as  few  newspape 
of  Mr.  I 


s  of  the  Rooks  and  O'Neills  have  been  synony- 

y  of  journalism  in  America  there  are  few  other 
ntinuously  under  the  management  of  members 
zander  Rook,  President  and  Editor,  being  the 
id    Harry    C,    Rook,    the   younger    son,    secretary 


w  firm  of  Foster  & 
a  fine  theory  that  it 
those  who  had  been 
irnal.  For  a  considerable  period  two 
managing  the  business  and  mechanical 
of  the  time  had  done.  With  the  death 
ISGS  these  two  acquired  sole  ownership  of  the  Dispatch,  and  it  has 
been  in  the  families  ever  since.  These  were  Alexander  W.  Rook  and  Daniel  O'Neill. 
Mr.  Rook  was  not  only  a  fine  judge  of  all  that  should  appear  in  the  editorial  and 
reportorial  and  all  other  departments  of  a  newspaper,  but  he  was  a  thorough  printer 
and  something  more.  He  knew  the  mechanical  means  of  producing  the  printed  sheet 
from  "garret  to  cellar." 

Mr.  O'Neill  had  been  city  editor  of  the  paper  for  several  years  before  he  came 
in  the  new  firm  of  Foster  S:  Company  and  had  made  a  reputation  for  the  handling  of 
news.  No  two  men  were  better  known  in  the  city  than  "Alec"  Rook  and  "Dan" 
O'Neill.  They  set  the  pace  for  new  journalism,  which  is  continued  to  this  day 
through  that  influence  and  independence  which  has  been  consistently  pursued  by  the 
Dispatch. 

Ever  since  that  purchase  the  nam 
mous  with  the  name  of  the  Dispatch. 

It  is  probable  that  in  all  the  histo 
ii'stances  of  a  newspaper  being  so  c( 
of  two  families.  Colonel  Charles  Ale 
eldest  son  of  Alexander  W.  Rook,  a 
of  the  company  and  manager  of  the  Philadelphia  branch  office,  and  Eugene  M.  O'Ne 
a  brother  of  Daniel  O'Neill,  the  vice-president. 

There  was  no  machine  typesetting  in  those  olden  days.  While  great  advance 
had  been  made  in  presses,  the  paper  was  "se*t  up"  by  the  picking  out  of  each  sep- 
arate type,  the  columns  of  type  would  be  locked  in  "forms"  and  placed  on  a  horizontal 
bed  which  was  shunted  back  and  forth  by  steam  power,  the  paper  being  passed  in 
sheets  by  hand  feeding,  and  never  for  long  years  after  moved  automatically  in  great 
rolls  as  it  is  now  upon  quadruple,  sextuple  and  octuple  Hoe  presses,  mighty  masses 
towering  from  floor  to  the  ceiling  of  rooms  really  two  stories  in  height  and  running 
so  fast  that  the  eye  cannot  follow  the  motion;  printing,  pasting,  cutting,  folding,  count- 
ing, the  result  of  mechanical  wizardy.  By  the  way,  the  first  "perfecting"  press  in 
Pittsburg  was  installed  in  the  Dispatch  and  was  really  the  result  of  a  fire.  That 
occurred  in  1S77,  and  the  interior  of  the  five-story  building  in  Fifth  avenue,  close  to 
the  old  post-office,  was  practically  a  complete  wreck  with  all  of  its  contents. 

The  Latest  and  Greatest. 

Mr.  O'Neill  died  January  30,  1877.  Mr.  Rook  died  August  14,  ISSO.  The  Sun- 
day issue  was  initiated  some  time  later.  The  Fifth  avenue  building  came  to  be  unsuited 
for  the  more  prodigious  work  and  the  more  prodigious  presses  required  for  the  doing 
of  it.  A  large  lot  was  purchased  in  Diamond  street  just  above  SmithfieUl.  now  occupied 
by  Kaufmann's  store  building,  and  a  building  that  seemed  adequate  at  the  time  erected. 
This  soon  shrank  to  inadequacy  with  the  amazing  growth  of  circulation  and  the  neces- 
sary printing,  and  the  corner  of  Diamond  and  Smithfield  was  purchased  and  the  space 
for  operations  doubled. 

Again  the  great  increase  of  space  became  too  small  for  the  demands  of  production 
of  a  paper  that  advanced  by  leaps  and  bounds. 

It   was    decided    to  move   out   on    Fifth    avenue,   and   the   site,    1331-1333-1335,   was 


selected,  and  an  ideal  newspaper  building  erected.     As  all   now 

kn 

w  who  know  anv- 

thing  about  the  city,  this  building  with  its  annex  through  the  e 

itir 

block  from  Fifth 

avenue  to  Colwell  street,  the  main  structure  and  the  annex  being 

coi 

nected  by  a  bridge 

over  Our  alley,  is  the  chief  structure  cast  of  the  Courthouse. 

By  native  and  foreign  visitors,  both  professional  newspaper 

me 

and  laymen,  this 

newspaper    building    in    all   its    arrangements,    all    its    machinery. 

th 

artistic    grouping 

of  floors  and    rooms   for  the   finest  economy   in   the  saving  of   t 

me 

and    labor,    is  one 

of  the  most  perfect  in  the  world. 

An   Admirable   Arrangement. 

"Most  of  our  newspaper  offices  on  the  other  side  of  the  ocean  are  straggling,"  said 
an  eminent  editor  and  publislier  of  London,  "and  lacking  in  harmony  of  arrangement 
for  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  intended.  Your  office  of  the  Dispatch  is  one  of 
the  most  admirably  compact  in  the  grouping  of  all  features  of  the  machinery  for 
producing  a  newspaper,  intellectual,  business  and  mechanical,  that  I  have  ever  in- 
spected. It  might  almost  be  called  a  work  of  art,  it  is  so  splendidly  adapted  for  the 
purpose  for  which  it  was  designed." 

No  prophetic  vision  of  J.  Heron  Foster,  the  founder  of  the  Dispatch,  or  of  the 
Foster  Company,  of  which  Alexander  W.  Rook  and  Daniel  O'Neill  were  members,  or 
of  yet  later  members  of  the  earlier  Dispatch  Publishing  Company  could  have  fore- 
told even  a  little  of  the  proportions  to  which  the  Dispatch  would  reach  C8  years  after 
the  first  issue  of  the  paper  in  Third  street. 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


the  New  York  Press,  and  the  country 
newspapers,  the  speaker  turned  to  the 
history'  of  his  effort  to  run  in  Detroit, 
Mich.,  a  paper  which  he  thought  would 
please  New  York's  Mayor: 

I  gather  that  the  press  of  New  York 
City  is  not  unitedly  behind  Mayor  Gay- 
nor.  I  know,  of  course,  that  the  press 
of  this  country  is  not  always  run  on  the 
lines  that  'would  most  appeal  to  the 
Mayor's  friend.  Epictetus.  But  I  would 
say  'here  that  doing  team  -work  witli  the 
beatitudes  may  be  a  veiT  worthy  en- 
deavor, but  is  rather  hard  on  the  man 
who  attempts  it.  The  prospects  of  such 
a  man  retiring  in  his  old  age  iwith  money 
enough  to  get  decent  burial  are  rather 
mournful.  N^t  all  those  who  pray  for 
the  "beatitudes  in  newspapers  subscri'be 
to  newspapers.  This  is  very  disconcert- 
ing to  the  man  who  has  payrolls  coming 
due.  and  whose  only  safeguard  against 
the  bread  line  are  the  advertising  bills 
due. 

My  experience  with  the  beatitudes  has 
not  always  been  iileasant.  Of  course, 
some  people  appreciate  what  the  Detroit 
Times  is  doing.  Only  a  few  weeks  ago 
a  Detroit  clergyman,  whom  I  kuow 
rather  T\-ell.  came  to  me  and  s;i/id : 
"You're  doing  a  great  work,  my  boy." 
Of  course.  I  appreciated  the  encourage- 
ment but  noticed  sticking  out  of  one  of 
his  coat  pockets  a  copy  of  one  of  m.v 
competitors,  while  the  other  pocket  con- 
tained a  copy  of  the  otlieT.  But  the  De- 
troit Times  will  continue  to  run  with  the 
beatitudes  and  ulblmately  we  hope  to  find 
better  recognition. 

Mr.  Schermerhorn  employed  the  edi- 
torial "we"  and  made  a  deep  impres- 
sion upon  his  audience. 

POINTS   TO   FOLLY   OF   KNOCKING. 

O.  H.  Blackman,  president  of  the 
Blackman-Ross     Co.,    spoke     on     "The 


Conservation  of  the  National  Adver- 
tiser. He  urged  publishers  to  refrain 
from  the  futile  rivalries  of  padded  cir- 
culation statements  and  elastic  rate 
cards.  In  his  opinion  the  generation  of 
mutual  confidence  among  publishers,  the 
standardization  of  methocs  and  elimina- 
tion of  "knocking"  would  do  much  to 
make  advertising  a  more  profitable  busi- 
ness than  it  is  now.  Mr.  Blackman  ex- 
pressed it  as  his  hope  that  within  a 
short  time  the  advertising  agencies 
would  be  able  to  look  upon  the  country 
publishers  as  their  representatives  in  the 
territory  covered  by  their  circulation. 
He  pointed  out  that  nothing  was  being 
gained  my  newspaper  proprietors  and 
business  managers  in  spending  most  of 
their  energy  in  efforts  calculated  to 
prove  the  other  man  a  Har. 

There  is  one  matter  that  I  want  to 
dwell  on  to-night,  said  Mr.  Blackman. 
complaint  is  often  made  that  certain  ad- 
vertising agents  favor  the  magazines  at 
the  expense  of  the  dailies.  In  addition 
to  what  I  have  said  about  this.  I  waul 
to  draw  your  attention  to  the  tactlessness 
so  often  encountered  by  national  adver- 
tisers. You  \vill  grant  that  the  business 
man  in  his  business  and  social  life  has 
the  right  to  choose  his  neighbors  and  as- 
sociates. You  will  also  grant  that  in  har- 
mony with  this  he  must  have   the   right 


HERE'S  A  GOOD  BUY 

THE  READING  NEWS 

A  metropolitan  morning  newspaper.  Cir- 
culation. 10,000  and  growing.  For  rates, 
see  J.  P.  McKinney,  334  Fifth  Ave.,  New 
York;  122  So.  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago. 


to  choose  his  neighbors  in  his  advertising  a  \ 

columns  he  uses.  my 

BETTER   JUDGMENT   IS    NEEDED.  clc; 

Some  time  vTgo  I  placed  a  contract  for  fori 


A  steadily  increasing 
business — without  tlie 
aid  of  special  editions 
— is  the  answ^er  as  to 
why 

THE  EVENING  MAIL'S 

policy  of  accepting 
only  clean  advertise- 
ments is  a  -winning 
one. 

203  Broadway    -    New  York 


Who 


Who 


ME 


2,001    NEWS- 
PAPER   MEN 
I   KNOW 
PERSONALLY" 


My  ndvertised  breakfast  food.  To 
I'priso  this  artvevtisement  of  a  very 
nature  \\us  stuck  among  tlie  worst 
»f  medic;il  announcements.  Xatur- 
lie  advertiser  objected  to  this,  and 
(Continued  on  fage  126.) 


This  space 

Reserved  for 

THE  TOPEKA 

STATE  JOURNAL. 


ILLUSTRATED     SUNDAV     MAQAZINE 


l>untiag^gaziiTe 


Let  Us  Help  You  cind  Your 
Decorator  Get  An  Extra 
Fine  Job  At  Least  Expense 


No  Magazine,  no  inatter  what  its  cost,  can  boast  of  a  more  impressive 
list  of  contributors.  These  leading  authors  and  artists  are  featured  regu- 
larly in  current  issues  of  the  HjLUSTRATED  SUNDAY  MlAGAZINE. 

LEADING    WRITERS  : 

iRichard  Harding  Davis    George  Randolph  iChester  Wallace  Irwin 
George  Bfarr  McCutcheon  Mary   Roberts   Rinehart       Anna    Katherine    Green 
Rex  Beach  James   Oliver    Curwood       Ellis   Parker  Butler 

Gouverneur    Morris  George  Pattulo  Chas.  'C.  D.  Roberts 

Elinor   Glyn  Gellett  Burgess  Arthur  Stringer 


James  Montgomery  Flagg 
Howard  Chandler  Christy 
Henry  Hutt 
Penryhn  Stanlaws 
C.  Coles  Phillips 


LEADING   ARTISTS  ; 

Hamilton  King 
Will  Foster 
George  Brehm 
Worth   Brehm 
David  Robinson 


Chase  Emerson 
Edmund  Frederick 
F.  Earl  Christy 
Hanson  Booth 
Anton  Otto  Fisher 


gazine 


PROGRESS. 

THE  FEBRUARY  1B13  ISSUES  OF  THE  ILLUSTRATED  SUNDAY 
MAGAZINE  SHOWED  A  GAIN  IN  ADVERTISING  VOLUME  OVER 
THE  FEBRUARY  ISSUES  OF  1912. 

THE  MARCH  Ifll?,  ISSUES  OF  THE  ILLUSTRATED  SUNDAY 
MAGAZINE  SHOWED  A  GOOD  INCREASE  OVER  THE  MARCH 
191-2  ISSUES. 

THE  APRIL  1913  ISSUES  OF  THE  ILLUSTRATED  SUNDAY 
MAGAZINE  SHOW  A  SUBSTANTIAL  GAIN  OVER  APRIL  1912 
ISSUES. 

These  increases  have  been  made  in  face  of  the  fact  that  'hundreds  of 
lines  of  advertising  formerly  accepted  (and  which  was  carried  in  1912)  are 
now  ruled  out  cf  our  advertising  columns. 


Published  Co-operatively  as  a  Part  of  the  Sunday  Edition  of  These  Seventeen  Important  Newspapers : 


PITTSBURGH  G.\ZETTE  TIMES 
ROCHESTER  IIEIIOCRAT  &  CHRONICLE 
MEMPHIS   COMMERCIAL  APPEAL 
LOUISVILLE   COORIER-TOURNAL 
NEW    ORLEANS   PICAYUNE 
MINNEAPOLIS  TRIBUNE 


CHICAGO,   Mailers   Building. 


RUFF.\LO  TIMES 
DENVER   REPUP.LICAN 
COLUMBUS  DISPATCH 
BOSTON  HERALD 
DETROIT  FREE  PRESS 


ICU^U^^i-'r-i^K^  Inc. 


(HLMIA    WiiKLli    IIKK ALD 
MILW.M'KKK   SKXTIXEI. 
I'RilVIIlFXi'i:    TKir.lXF 
WORCESTER  TELEtiRAM 


250  Fifth  Ave 


NEW  YORK. 


nt  Building,  BOSTON. 


123 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


NOTICE 


This  Company  is  the  originator  and  creator  of  the  Linotype 
art,  and  all  existing  Linotype  machines  are  built  undtr  its 
patents.  All  Two=Letter  Linotype  machines  are  covered  by 
patents   of  this   Company   having  a   number  of  years  to  run 

No  Linotype  machine  having  Two=Letter  Matrices,  Multiple 
Magazines,  or  the  other  improvements  which  place  the  present 
day  Linotype  far  ahead  of  the  earlier  machines,  can  be  used 
without  the  permission  of  this  Company. 

Any  person  or  persons  counterfeiting  or  imitating  our 
machinery,  or  persons  using  such  goods,  will  be  held  strictly 
accountable  in  the  courts. 

MERQENTHALER  LINOTYPE  COMPANY. 


DAYTON  EXPERIENCES. 


An    Eye    Witness    Describes    the    Diffi- 
culties Encountered  by  the  City*s 
Newspapers — How    the    News 
Rose  to  the  Occasion. 

Dayton's  flood  struck  hard.  To  fully 
realize  how  hard,  it  is  well  to  remem- 
ber that  it  was  the  first  time  that  the 
entire  press  of  a  modern  city  was  com- 
pletely paralyzed  and  three  up-to-date 
papers  unable  to  issue  a  single  copy 
from  their  plants. 

The  News.  Journal  and  Herald  were 
but  two  blocks  apart  and  all  in  the  cen- 
ter of  the  flood  zone.  The  Journal  and 
Herald  were  doubly  exposed,  for  heavy 
fire  losses  were  suffered  on  the  same 
block,  and  for  a  while  it  looked  as  if 
their  building  would  be  wiped  out. 

A  very  few  of  the  staff  of  both  after- 
noon papers  were  in  the  buildings  when 
the  flood  broke  Tuesday,  but  flooded 
pressrooms  ruined  white  stock  and  crip- 
pled wires  combined  to  make  publication 
impossible. 

MvSNAGER    MF.AP    MAROONED. 

General  Manager  Mead,  of  the  News, 
was  at  his  home  on  the  west  side  with 
an  impassible  river  between  him  and  the 
office.  Others  of  the  staff  were  in  the 
same  predicament.  As  soon  as  the  rush 
of  waters  permitted  the  handling  of  a 
boat,  they  crossed  as  a  relief  crew,  only 
to  give  up  their  places  in  turn  to  oth- 
ers equally  anxious  to  get  back  to  the 
west  side. 

It  took  but  a  few  minutes  to  com- 
plete arrangements  with  the  National 
Cash  Register  management  for  the  par- 
tial use  of  their  printing  plant,  and  the 
moment  the  flood  receded  sufficiently  to 
permit  of  the  passage  of  automobiles 
through  the  streets  one-sheet  papers 
were  being  distributed  free  to  the  thou- 
sands who  were  hungering  for  news 
not  only  from  the  outside  world,  but 
the  isolated  sections  of  the  city  that 
contained   friends  and  relatives. 

The  Herald  and  Journal  were  more 
heavily  handicapped,  for  the  limited  re- 


sources of  the  improvised  Cash  Regis- 
ter plant  did  not  permit  of  the  handling 
of  other  than  the  News,  but  they  met 
the  conditions  by  securing  a  press  at 
Richmond,  Ind.,  rushing  the  papers 
across  the  State  and  making  a  distri- 
bution but  slightly  behind  the  more  fa- 
vored News  that  was  able  to  print  on 
the  ground. 

The  strain  to  all  was  heart  wracking, 
but  the  staffs  met  the  conditions  as 
though  it  were  a  regular  occurrence. 
Mead,  of  the  News,  never  left  the  office 
from  Thursday  until  Monday,  and  his 
example  was  followed  by  others  who 
seemed  determined  to  combat  the  con- 
ditions and  re-establish  daily  service  ir- 
respective of  cost  and  expenditure  of 
energv.  The  Cincinnati  Enquirer  and 
Cleveland  Plain  Dealer  were  the  first 
outside  papers  to  get  in  and  make  any 
pretense  of  distribution.  Both  circula- 
tion departments  had  personal  represen- 
tatives on  the  ground  who  lived  on  the 
job  twenty-four  hours  a  day  until  or- 
der was  resumed.  It  was  fierce  while 
it  lasted,  but  few  of  thos^  privileged  to 
participate   regret  the   experience. 


The    Mylius    Case    Comes    Up    Again. 

The  immigration  authorities  through- 
out the  country  are  waiting  impatiently 
for  a  definite  decision  in  the  Mylius 
case  as  they  do  not  know  how  to  take 
the  decision  of  Judge  Noyes  admitting 
the  writer  to  this  country  and  how  the 
view  taken  by  the  district  court  affects 
their  powers.  Judge  Noyes,  in  grant- 
ing Mylius  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus 
on  which  he  was  released  from  Ellis 
Island,  held  that  a  libel  did  not  neces- 
sarily imply  moral  turpitude.  Assistant 
District  Attorney  Boyle  asked  for  a 
speedy  hearing  of  the  Government's  ap- 
peal against  the  court's  decision,  de- 
claring that  the  judge's  opinion  left  the 
immigration  authorities  uncertain  as  to 
what  they  were  expected  to  do.  The 
United  States  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals 
last  Saturday  denied  Mr.  Boyle's  mo- 
tion, on  the  ground  that  there  was  no 
necessity  of  immediate  action. 


Largest  Sworn  Circulation  in  Texas. 

TheHOUSTON 
CHRONICLE 


(Daily  and  Sunday) 


Daily  Average  for  March 
Sunday     "       "       " 


34,806 
40,802 


Sworn  statements  made  United  States  Post 
Office  Department,  regular  examinations  by  Ameri- 
can Association  of  Advertisers  and  sworn  figures 
given  all  newspaper  directories.  Lowest  advertis- 
ing rales  per  thousand  circulation  of  any  newspaper 
in  the  South. 


Eastern  Representatives, 

LA  COSTE  &  MAXWELL 

NEW  YORK  CITY 


Western  Representatives, 

JOHN  M. BRANHAM  COMPANY 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 


124 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


TIPS    FOR    THE    AD    MANAGER. 

George  Batten  Co.,  Fourth  Avenue  buildinff, 
N"ew  York  City,  is  placing  one  time  orders  with 
large  Sunday  papers  for  the  Pompeian  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  "Pompeian  Massage  Cream," 
Cleveland,  O.  It  is  also  transferring  the  ad- 
vertising for  the  Encyclopedia  Eritannica  Co., 
116  West  Thirty-second  street.  New  York  City 


Dudley,  Walker  &  Co.,  Peoples  Gas  building, 
Chicago,  in.,  are  making  contracts  with  South- 
western papers  for  the  Chicago  Great  Western 
Railroad  Co.    Chicago,  111. 


P 


]LL  IF 


Street  &  Finney,  45  West  Thirty-fourth 
street,  New  York  City,  are  issuing  5,000  1.  con- 
tracts to  some  Western  papers  for  the  Chase 
Motor  Truck  Co.,  Syracuse.  X.  Y. 


Lord  &  Thomas,  Mailers  building,  Chicago, 
111.,  are  figuring  on  a  general  newspaper  cam- 
paign for  Collier's  Weekly,  416  West  Thir- 
teenth   street.    New    York    City. 


i.-^i.;.    .......    o,    .^^...^L..^.    ..J.,    of    papers    for    the 

Crex  Carpet  Co.,  377  Uroadway,  New  York  City. 


Bloomingdale-Weiler  Advertising  Agency 
1420  Chestnut  street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  is  for. 
warding  20  line  copy  to  some  papers  in  Balti- 
more, Philadelphia  and  Pittsburgh  for  the  Dil- 
worth  Hardware  &  Electric  Supply  Co.,  1604 
and  417  Market  street,   Philadelphia.  Pa. 


Publications  examined  by  the  Association  of  American  Advertisers,  of 
ch  a  COMPLETE  EXAMINATION  of  tbe  various  records  of  circulation 

made  and  the  ACTUAL  CIRCULATION  ascertained,  with  later  figures, 
lome  instances   furnished   by   the   publisher. 


ARIZONA. 


MISSOURI. 


GAZETTE— Av.  Cir.  Feb..  6.339....  Pho 


.Joplii 


Wylie  B.  Jones  Advertising  Agency.  Bing- 
liamton,  X.  Y.,  is  sending  out  orders  to  .\'ew 
England  papers  for  the  Ames  Chemical  Co., 
Whitney  Point,   N.  Y. 


Dunlap-Ward  Advertising  Co.,  Hartford 
building,  Chicago,  and  U.  S.  Rubber  building. 
New  York  Cttv,  is  handling  the  advertising  for 
the  Revere  Rubber  Co.,  "Red  Plug  Spring 
Step  K'ubber  Heels,"  New  York  City  and  Bos- 
ton,  Mass. 


CALIFORNIA. 


Erackett-Parker  Co.,  325  Fifth  avenue.  New 
York  City,  and  77  Franklin  street,  Boston, 
Mass.,  is  issuing  orders  to  one  paper  in  a  se- 
lected   li 


Albert  Frank  &  Co.,  26  Beaver  street.  New 
York,  are  placing  orders  with  a  selected  list 
of  papers  east  of  Pittsburgh.  Pa.,  for  Toseph 
P.   Day,   "The  State  of  New   York,"  Westches- 


ENTERPRISE   Chic< 

Angeles 
Angele; 


RECORD   Lo: 

TRIBUNE   Lo: 

Daily  circulation  in  excess  of  65,000  copies. 
This  is  the  largest  Daily  Circulation  of  any 
r  published  in  Los  Angeles. 


Cates  .\dvertising  Co.,  Dallas,  Tex.,  is  placing 
10  in.  seven  column  orders  with  Southwestern 
papers  for  the  Southern  States  Cotton  Corp., 
Dallas.  Tex. 


INDEPENDENT    Sa 


Frank  Presbrey  Co..  456  Fourth  ; 
York  City,  is  forwarding  contracts 
papers  for  the  New  York,  Ontario 
Railway,  New   York    City. 


Mark  Cross    Co..    "Mark    Cross   Safety    Ra 
New    Y'ork    City,     to     be    placed     in     Westt 
papers. 


CALL  Sa 


ORCHARD  AND  FARM  IRRIGATION 
San    Fr 


Tracy-Parry  Co.,  Lafayette  building,  Pliila- 
delpliia,  it  is  reported,  will  place  300  1.  11  t. 
orders  with  some  Southern  papers  for  the 
Southern  Railroad  Co.,  Washington,  D.  C.  It 
is  also  handling  the  advertising  for  the  Silvex 
Co.,  "Glad  Rags  Polishing  Cloth,"  60  Wall 
street,  New   York  City. 

Donovan  &  Armstrong,  Commonwealth  build- 
ing Philadelphia,  Pa.,  are  renewing  contracts 
with  newspapers  in  cities  where  the.v  have 
agents  for  A.  B.  Kirchbaum  &  Co.,  "Kirch- 
baum  Clothing,"  Bond  and  Carpenter  streets. 
Philadelphia. 


Bros.     , 
Alfred  Gri 


few  selected  papers  for  Ila 
tc,  Thirtv-fifth 
idelphia.    Pa. 


10111  Che: 


Robe 


RECORD    SiocktoD 

Only  newspaper  in  Stockton 
that  will  lell  its  circulation. 

FLORIDA. 

11.    McMulleti   Co.,  Cambridge  build-  METROPOLIS   Jacksonvillt 


:nut  street,  Philadel- 
phia, is  placing  the  advertising  of  the  De  Long 
Hook  &  Eye  Co.,  "Hub  Hook  and  Eye,"  Broad 
and  Wallace  streets.  Philadelphia,  with  IMich- 
igan  papers. 


POST-DISPATCH  St.  Loui, 

MONTANA. 

MINERTTT.T .T Bu¥e 

NEBRASKA 
FREIE  PRESSE  (Cir.  1 28,384) ....  Lincoin 

NEW  JERSEY. 

PRESS" : Asbury  Piirk 

JOURNAL     Elizabeth 

COURIER-NEWS    Plainfield 

NEW  MEXICO. 

MORNING  JOURNAL Albuguer^ 

NEW    YORK. 

KNICKERBOCKER  PRESS Albany 

BUFFALO  EVENING  NEWS. . .  .Buffalo 
BOLLETTINO  DELLA  SERA,  New  York 
EVENING   MAIL New    York 


.■  York  City,  is  making  .5,000  1. 
tracts  with  Xew  York  State  papers  fo: 
Standard  Milling  Co.,  49  Wall  street, 
Yorl:  City. 


STANDARD   PRESS Ti 


GEORGIA. 


The  Federal  Advertising  Agency,  231  West 
Thirtv-ninth  street,  -New  York  City,  is  issinng 
contracts  for  Henry  J.  Roussel,  Inc.,  "Eau 
Gorlier,"  Lotion  Face  Powder  Soap,  1265 
Broadway,  New  York  City,  4  Place  de  Vosges, 
Paris.    Franc!:. 


P.  K.  Frowert  (Inc.),  23  West  Forty-seco 
street.  New  York,  is  forwarding  orders 
Boston,  New  Y'ork  City,  Philadelphia  a 
Washington,  D-  C,  papers  for  Charje; 
don,   .Antiques,  71S   Fifth  : 


Fourth  : 


Nc 


Jean   Dean   Barnes, 

York    City,    is    sending    out    orders    to    a    large 
list  of  papers  for  B.  Priestley  &  Co.,  "lloha 
Cloth,"    100    Fifth   avenue.    New  York   City. 


New  York. 


Richard  A.  Foley  Advertising  .Agency,  Bul- 
letin building,  Philadelphia,  is  placing  orders 
with  a  few  selected  papers  for  Notasetne  Ho- 
siery Co..  Masher  and  O-^ford  streets,  Phila- 
delp'hia.  Pa. 


ATLANTA  JOURNAL(Cir.54989)AtIani.    

PLAIN  DEALER Cleveland 

CONSTITUTION Atlanta  Circulation  for  March,  1913. 

CHRONICLE Augusta  Daily    110,365 

Sunday 143,525 

LEDGER    Columbus    VINDICATOR Youngslowti 

ILLINOIS. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


newspaper  campaign  shortlv  for  Kah  &  Frank, 
"Loxiton"  Underwear,  573  Broadway,  >  ew 
York  City. 


ff    NEWS Joliet 


W.  F.  Hamblin  &  Co.,  200  Fifth  avenue. 
New  York  Citv,  it  is  said,  will  shortly  place 
orders  with  dailies  and  semi-weekly  papers 
for  the  Reina  Specialty  Co.,  295y„  Pearl 
street,  New  Y'ork  City.  It  is  also  reported  that 
this  agency  is  preparing  some  copy  for  the 
Magistral  Chemical  Co.,  949  Broadway,  New 
York  City. 


The    Siegfried    Co.,    Inc.,    50    Church 

New  Y'ork  Citv,  is  sending  out  5,000   line  con-  wpp  .,  p.  j  i-  , 

tracts  to  principal  New   lersev   newspapers   for  rlt-KALU    Joliet 

the     ."^rmitage     Varnish     Co-.    ".Armorite     Wajl 

Enamel,"  54  Dawson  street,  Newark.  N.  J  _ 

has  also  prepared  a  Southern  campaign  for  the  uppAi  n  TRiM<!rniPT  P- 

.American    Temperence    Life    Insurance    Asso-  HtKALU- 1  KAlNbt-Klh"  I     re 

ciation.    Orders  for  42  line  copy  are  now  going  t,-.|idmat  t> 

to  West  Virginia  newspapers.  JUUKNAL    .  . re 

-     ,    .. :; „     ,    tr  u    STAR  (Circulation  21,589) Po 

Stack  .Advertising   Agencv    (Inc.).    Heyworth . — — 

building,  Chicago.  Ill-,  is  placing  3,000  1 
vear  contracts  with  Pacific  Coast  paper 
Swift  &  Co.,  Chicago,  111. 


POLISH  DAILY  ZGODA Chicago   TIMES  Chester 

SKANDWAVEN aicago   p^j^y   DEMOCRAT... Johnstown 

DISPATCH Pittsburgh 

PRESS Pillsburgh 


for 


INDIANA. 


Chas.  H-  Fuller  Co.,  623  South  Wabash  ave- 
nue, Chicago,  is  forwarding  250  inches  to  some 
Pennsylvania  papers  to  be  used  in  one  year 
for    the    Marion    Motor    Car    Co-,    Indianapolis, 


LEADER-TRIBUNE Mari 

third    street,    New   York    City,    is   issuing    to    a    _,  ,_     .  ,  ,_   _,  .  --.,  .  ».  t-v 

few  papers  4  inch  26  t.  orders  for  C.  J.  Moffett    THE  AVE  MARIA Noire  D« 

Med.    Co.,   St.    Louis.   Mo.  


GERMAN  GAZETTE Philadelphia 

TIMES-LEADER Wilkes-Barre 

GAZETTE  . . .  777777777 York 

SOUTH    CAROLINA. 

DAILY  MAIL Anderson 


M.  r  We'Is  Advertising  Agency.  3S  Park 
Row,  New  York  City,  is  issuing  3%  m.  3 
t.  a.  w.  orders  for  six  months  with  a  selected 
list  of  papers  for  James  Ohvell  &  Co.,  Liquors, 
ISl  West  street.  New  York  City. 


The  Levan  -Advertising  .Agem 
making  2,000  1.  one  year  cnntrac 
West  papers  for  Pearl   LaSage. 


with  Middle   REGISTER  &  LEADER Des  Mo 


THE  STATE Columbi. 

(Cir.  July,  1912,  S.  20,986;  D.  20,956) 

TENNESSEE. 


George  Batten  Co.,  Fourth  Avenue  building. 
New  York  City,  it  is  reported,  is  adding  addi- 
tional cities  to  the  list  of  Geo.  P  Ide  &  Co, 
•Silver  Brand   Collars  and  Shirts,"  Troy,  N.  Y. 


.),    453   Fifth    av 
ontracting  100  lii 
42    time    orders    with    "Mississippi    papers    on 
trade   basis  for  the  Hotel  Victoria. 


THE   TIMES-J5USnS. Dubuque    NEWS-SCIMITAR Memphi, 

BANNER     Nashville 


KANSAS 


CAPITAL Topeka 


An    established    reputation    for 
integrity  with  prospective  buyers 


NOT  ON  THE  MARKET 

But  will  sell  to  ?.  good  buyer.  JIany 
of  my  propositions  are  just  that 
kind.  They  are  money  makers  and 
can't  be  bought  elsewhere.  -Ml 
correspondence    confidential. 

H.  F.  HENRICHS 

Newspaper  Broker 
110  EAST  RYDER  LITCHFIELD,  ILL. 


Desirable  newspaper  properties  for 
sale    in    every    state    in    the   Union 


land    Lin 


Eastern  papers  for  the  New   Eng- 


KENTUCKY. 


.STAR-TELEGRAM    Fort  Worth 

Sworn  circulation  over  25.000  daily.  Only  dally  in 
Fort  Worth  that  permitted  1912  examination  by 
of  Air 


COURIER-JOURNAL LouUville   CHRONICLE  .777777777 Houston 

TIMES   Louitville 


LOUISIANA. 


.Ne 


Orlei 


VISITORS  AT  E.  &  P.  BOOTH. 

-^mong  thos-;  who  called  at  The  Edi- 
tor .\Nn  Publisher  b^otb  were  : 

P.    E.    Burton.    Joplin    News-Herald:  c-rA-rirc 

John    Irvine,    editor,    printer    and    pub-   DAILY  STATES 

lisher.  Toronto,  and  secretary  Canadian    ITEM    New   Oil 

Publishers'  .^ssnciation :  William  Har- 
ling.  Wesel  Mf.tr.  Co..  Xew  Ynrk;  Edw- 
M.  Corney,  Carl  Ackf^rman,  Charles  R, 
Long,  Chester  (Pa.')  Tim»s:  Milo  Whit- 
taker.  Jackson  CMich.1  Patriot:  F.  .\d- 
ler,  Davenport  CTa."!  Timps:  James  F, 
Powell.  Ottiimwa,  Ta. :  H.  .\.  Brown, 
Bridgeport.  Conn.;  W.  O.  Littick  Zane's- 
ville  (•Q.'i  Times-Recorder:  W.  W. 
Chanin.  .^an  Francisco  Call;  C.  L. 
Drake,       Strondsburg       fPa.1       Times; 

Thomas    P.    Dawley,    Jr.,    New    York:    PATRIOT  (Morning) Jackson 

Frank   P    McBreen,   New  York:   E.  T.  Daily    (Except  Monday) 

Perry,    New    York:    Robert    W.    N-al,  Average,  Year  of  1912 

Amherst.  "Mass  :  E.  W    Bachman.  New  d,;|„ 10,589      Sunday 11,629 

York    Globe:    George    J.    Auer.    Alhan- — ^ 

(N.    Y.'i     Knickerbocker-Press :    "Dnc"  MINNESOTA.  

Coone,   E.    S.   Alden,   Holyoke    (Mass.) —    ,  .  nmrccc- .      .~.    ,    ,„.,,,,.,,,«» 

Artisan.  TRIBUNE.  Mom.  !t  Eve Mi.«.p.IU    LA  PRESSE  Ave.Cir.forl9I2, 1  M,37lMonlr 

125 


TIMES-DEMOCRAT New  Orleans 

MARYLAND. 

THE   SUN Baltimore 

has  a  net  paid  circulation  of  124,000 
copies    daily.    80,000   of    which    are 
served   in    Ballimore  homes. 

MICHIGAN. 


WASHINGTON. 

POST-INTELLIGENCER    .. 

Seattle 

WISCONSIN. 

EVENING  -WISCONSIN. . . . 

.Milwaukee 

CANADA. 

ALBERTA. 

HERALD  

r.lo.rv 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. 

■WORLD    Vancouver 

ONTARIO. 

FREE    PRESS 

. ..London 

QUEBEC. 

LA  PATRIE Montreal 


THE    EDITOR    AND    PUBLISHER    AND    JOURNALIST 


DAILY  ASSOCIATION. 


Manager    Adams     Submits    Report    at 
Annual    Meeting    Held    Wednesday. 

The  following  is  an  excerpt  from  the 
report  of  J.  VV.  Adams,  general  mana- 
ger of  the  Daily  Newspaper  Associa- 
tion : 

"In  May,  1912,  the  organization  pre- 
pared an  exhibit  of  newspaper  adver- 
tising which  attracted  a  great  deal  of 
interest  and  attention  at  the  Dallas  con- 
vention of  the  Associated  Advertising 
Clubs  of  America.  This  was  done  as 
part  of  the  work  for  the  promotion  of 
newspaper  advertising.  An  exhibit  simi- 
lar in  character  but  much  more  exten- 
sive is  being  prepared  for  the  Baltimore 
convention  of  the  Associated  Advertis- 
ing Clubs  of  America,  to  be  held  in  June 
of  this  year. 

"During  the  past  year  the  work  for 
the  promotion  and  development  of  news- 
paper advertising  has  been  conducted  as 
closely  as  our  limited  funds  would  per- 
mit, along  the  lines  suggested  last  year, 
proposing  to  interest  and  to  convince  ad- 
vertisers of  the  value  of  newspaper  ad- 
vertising. 

CONSOLIDATION    IS   FAVORED. 

"The  jeorganization  in  December, 
1912,  of  the  Daily  Newspaper  Club,  un- 
der the  name  Daily  Newspaper  Associa- 
tion, provided  for  direct  solicitation,  and 
the  consolidation  which  is  being  dis- 
cussed with  the  National  Dailies  and  the 
United  Newspapers  would  ensure  this  by 
providing  adequate   funds. 

"One  of  the  chief  services  that  the 
Daily  Newspaper  Association  can  ren- 
der is  the  gathering  and  compilation  of 
data  and  statistics  in  regard  to  advertis- 
ing and  merchandising  conditions 
throughout  the  country.  We  already 
have  gone  very  far  along  these  lines.  We 
cannot,  however,  go  much  further,  nor 
anywhere  nearly  far  enough,  unless  ade- 
quote  revenue  is  afforded  for  the  work. 

"It  is  possible  now  to  give  exact  infor- 
mation in  regard  to  the  advertisers  that 
are  employing  the  magazines;  to  state 
the  amount  of  space  they  use  and  in 
what  issues  they  use  it.  It  should  be 
possible  for  this  office  to  have  ready 
similar  information  in  regard  to  news- 
paper advertisers. 

MAGAZINE    ADVERTISING    DECREASES. 

"During  the  year  there  has  been  a 
decrease  in  the  \olume  of  magazine  ad- 
vertising, and  at  the  same  time,  an  in- 
crease in  the  volume  of  newspaper  ad- 
vertising. This  is  the  result  of  work  by 
many  factors,  but  it  seems  reasonable  to 
believe  that  the  Daily  Newspaper  Club 
and  its  successor,  the  Daily  Newspaper 
Association,  has  had  a  considerable  part 
in  this,  mainly  through  the  cumulative 
effect  of  its  work  not  only  during  this 
year,  but  during  the  four  previous  years 
of  its  history. 

"Since,  prior  to  the  reorganization,  it 
was  not  authorized  or  organized  to  en- 
gage in  the  direct  solicitation  of  adver- 
tising for  newspapers,  it  is  perforce  not 
to  be  expected  that  il  can  indicate  spe- 
cific accounts  which  it  has  brought  to 
the  newspapers.  At  the  same  time,  it  is 
interesting  to  know  that  of  the  260  im- 
portant general  advertisers  enumerated 
in  our  "Solicitation  List"  last  June  as 
employing  magazines  to  the  exclusion  of 
newspapers,  eighteen  of  these  have  be- 
come general  newspaper  advertisers  and 
twenty-one  have  become  newspaper  ad- 


vertisers in  a  small  way.  It  is  also  inter- 
esting and  encouraging  to  know  that  in 
the  last  three  years,  sixty  prominent 
newspapers  of  large  cities  have  gained 
27..'i  per  cent,  in  volume  of  advertising. 

ADVERTISERS   OFFERED   AID. 

"The  Daily  Newspaper  Association  has 
endeavored  to  interest' the  newspapers  of 
this  country,  non-members  as  well  as 
members,  in  the  value  of  local  co-opera- 
tive service  to  advertisers.  Such  serv- 
ice includes  the  furnishing  of  exact 
data  to  an  advertiser  in  regard  to  local 
merchandising  conditions  affecting  the 
commodity  which  he  has  to  advertise, 
and  also  of  affording  a  personal  intro- 
duction of  the  merchandiser's  repre- 
sentative to  the  local  retailers  whenever 
such  co-operation  is  desired. 

"This  local  co-operative  service  can  be 
rendered  easily  by  newspapers,  and  no 
other  advertising  medium  can  possibly 
approach  the  service  which  the  news- 
papers can  render  in  this  respect,  for  in 
order  to  do  so  each  other  advertising 
medium  would  have  to  establish  an  office 
in  each  community,  whereas  the  news- 
paper offices  are  in  a  position  to  do  this 
work,  thus  constituting  what  might  be 
called  a  local  branch  in  every  community 
through  which  the  central  office  of  the 
Daily  Newspaper  Association  can  secure 
co-operation  for  an  advertiser.  Over  100 
newspapers  throughout  the  country  have 
already  indicated  their  entire  willingness 
to  render  this  co-operation. 

"The  Daily  Newspaper  Association  be- 
lieves that  the  good  of  the  whole  news- 
paper advertising  field  would  best  be 
served  by  one  strong  association  rather 
than  by  three  associations,  whose  di- 
vision of  work  would  mean  a  division  of 
energy,  and,  hence,  a  lack  in  economy 
of  energy  and  in  degree  of  accomplish- 
ment." 

At  the  meeting  held  on  Wednesday, 
the  organization  elected  the  following 
officers : 

Officers — Louis  Wiley,  president.  New 
York  Times :  Edward  Flicker,  vice- 
president,  Cincinnati  Enquirer:  Leland 
M.  Burr,  treasurer.  New  York  Evening 
Tost:  J.  W.  Adams,  secretary. 

Executive  Committee — G.  J.  Auer,  Al- 
bany Knickerbocker  Press :  H.  F.  Gun- 
nison, Brooklyn  Daily  Eagle;  W.  P. 
Goodspeed,  Buffalo  Evening  News:  W. 
J.  Pattison,  New  York  Evening  Post; 
Don  C.  Seitz,  New  York  World;  D.  B. 
Plum,  Troy  Record,  and  J.  B.  Wood- 
ward, special  representative. 

Board  of  Directors— Charles  D.  At- 
kinson, Atlanta  Journal :  Edward  Flick- 
er, Cincinati  Enquirer:  A.  G.  Carter, 
Fort  Worth  Star-Telegram :  F.  P.  Glass, 
Montgomery  Advertiser;  E.  V.  Alley. 
New  Bedford  Standard  and  Mercury; 
C.  C.  Roscwater.  Omaha  Bee;  Milton 
B.  Ochs,  Philadelphia  Public  Ledger; 
W.  H.  Cowles,  Spokane  Spokesman-Re- 
view, and  C.  M.  Palmer,  St.  Joseph 
News-Press. 


^T 


W 


mmim 


Publishers'  Representatives 

ALLEN  &  WARD 

Brunswick   Bldg.,    New   York 
Advertising  Bldg..  Chicago 


Advertising  Agents 

ADVERTISERS'  SERVICE 

5  Beekman  Si.,  New  York 
Tel.    Corllandl  3155 


ANDERSON.  C.  I-,  SPECIAL  AGENCY 

Marquelle   Bldg.,   Chicago,    111. 

Tel.  Cent.    1112 


AMERICAN  SPORTS    PUB.    CO. 
21   Warren  St.,  New  York 
Tel.    Barclay   7095 


JOHN  M.  BRANHAM  CO. 
Brunswick  Bldg.,  N.Y.,  Mailers  Bldg,  Chi< 
Chemical  Bldg.,  St.  Louis. 


ARMSTRONG,  COLLIN  ADV-  CO. 
115   Broadway,  New  York 
Tel.   4280   Rector 


BUDD,  THE  JOHN,  COMPANY 

Brunswick  Bldg.,  N.  Y.:  Tribune  Bl 

Chic;    Chemical   Bldg..  Si.   Louis 


BRICKA,  GEORGE  W.,  Adv.  Ageni. 
114-116  East  28lh  St..    New   York 
Tel.  9101-9102  Mad.  Sq. 


CARPENTER-SCHEERER    SP.    AGCY 
Fifth   Ave.    Bldg..    New   York 
People's  Gas  Bldg.,  Chicago 


CONE,  LORENZEN  &  WOODMAN 
Brunswick  Bldg.,  N.  Y- ;   Mailers  Bldg.. 
Chic;  Gumbel  Bldg.,  Kansas  City 


Press  Clippings 

Everything  and  anything  that 

is  printed  in  any  newspaper 

or  magazine,  anywhere— can 

be  suppHed  by 

BURRELLE 

CHARLES  HEMSTREET.  Manaser 

45  Lafayette  Street,     New  York  City 

Established  a  Quarter  of  a  Century 


GRIFFITH,  HARRY  C. 

Brunswick    Bldg.,    New    York 
Tel.  Madison  Sq.  3154 


HENKEL,   F.   Y/. 

People's  Gas  Bldg.,  Chicago 
Tel.    Randolph   3465 


KEATOR,  A.  R. 

715    Hartford    Bldg.,    Chicago,    111. 
Tel.  Randolph  6065 


LINDENSTEIN,  S.  G. 

118  East  28lhSl.,  New    I'orh 
30   North  Dearborn  St.,   Chicago 


NORTHRUP,  FRANK  R. 

225   Fifth  Ave.,   New   York 
Tel.  Madison  Sq.  2042 


PAYNE   &   YOUNG 

747-8   Marquelle   Bldg.,    Chicago 
200  Fiflh  Ave..  New  York 


PULLEN,  BRYANT  &  FREDRICKS  CO. 

225   Fifth  Avenue.  New  York. 

Tel.  Midison  Sq.  9729. 


PUTNAM  &  RANDALL, 

45  W.  34ih  Si.,  New  York 
Tel.   Murray  Hill   1377 


VERREE  &  CONKLIN.   Inc. 

225    Fiflh    Ave..    New    York 
Tel.  Madison  Sq.  962 


DAILY  CLUB  DINNER. 

iCotitiinicii  from   fagc   V2Z.) 

I  think  Mi;it  yon  will  see  tlip  reasonable- 
uoss  of  liis  -net. 

It  is  nntliiiig  unusual  for  newspapers 
to  bo  guilty  of  this  offense,  for  such  un- 
doubtedly it  is.  and.  this  in  a  large  meas- 
ure, has  prej^idicod  national  advertisers 
against  usinp  the  daily  papers. 

I  do  not  mean  to  say  here  that  this  is 
(he  sole  pause,  but  it  oertnanly  is  a  con- 
tri,1)utory  influence  that  has  no  reason  to 
rxist.  Advertising  of  a  desirable  class 
should  not  be  on  the  snme  p.qges  with  ad- 
vertising tlvat  is  clonrlv  f^hj(^ctionahle.  To 
do  so  will  drivo  out  the  advertiser,  leav- 
inir  :i   hnlr  in  vour  r.o<-ket. 

The  .■nnser\-jtion  of  thr  national  adver- 
ti-^.T  dejiends  upon  co-oporntion  between 
(he  ndverlising  n-ent  and  the  n.-.vsuapor 
and  can  -ho  realized  only  if  we  give  the 
national  advertiser  a  square  deal. 

Owing  to  the  lateness  of  the  hour, 
Charles  W.  Dietrich,  who  was  to  speak 
on  "The  Ethical  Side  of  Advertising," 
refused  to  hold  the  company  longer; 
and.  after  thanking  them  for  the  oppor- 
tunity to  have  addressed  them  at  all.  the 
audience,  as  Mr.  Wilev  put  it.  went 
home,  in  cases  where  this  was  possible, 
and  to  the  hotel  in  cases  where  this  was 
not  possible. 


STOCKWELL.  W.  H. 

629  People's  Gas  Bldg.,  Chicago 
Canadian  papers  exclusively. 


ONE  SURE  WAV 

to  cover 

Chester  and  Delaware  County 

with    its    117,000    people,   by    newspaper    ad- 
vertising,   and    that    is    to    use    the 

CHESTER  TIMES  and  the 
MORNING  REPUBLICAN 


Write  for  rates. 

Chester,  Pa. 


The  Elizabeth  (N.  J.)  Times 

Only  Democratic  daily 
in  Fifth  Congressional  District 


FRANK.  ALBERT  &  CO. 

26-28    Beaver   St.,   New   York 
Tel.  Broad  3831 


HO'WLAND-GARDINER-FENTON 
20  Broad  Si.,   New  York 
Tel.  Rector  2573 


DE  CLERQUE,  HENRY, 

Chicago  Office,  5  S.  'Wabash  Ave. 

New   York   Office,    1    'W.    34th   St. 


LEE-JONES.  Inc., 

General   Advertising  Agents, 

Republic    Building,    Chicago. 


KIERNAN,   FRANK  &  CO. 

156  Broadway,  New  York 
Tel.    1233    Cortlandt 


MEYEN,  C,  &  CO. 

Tribune  Bldg.,   New  York 
Tel.   Beekman    1914 


SECURITIES  ADV.  AGENCY 
27   -William  St.,   New  York 
Tel.  Broad  1420 


ANKRUM    ADVERTISING    AGENCY 

Classified    Specialists 

431   S.  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago,  III, 


CLASSIFIED  AD  COMPANY 
Clearing   House   For   All   Agen 
Karpen    Bldg.,    Chicago. 


GUENTHER-BRADFORD  &  CO. 
64   W.   Randolph  St.,   Chicago 
Newspaper    and     Magazine    Advertising 


LEVEN  ADVERTISING  CO. 
175   5th  Ave.,   New  York. 
Majestic  Theatre  Bldg.,  Chicago, 


THE   BEERS  ADV.  AGENCY 
37   Cuba  St.,   Havana.  Cuba 
N.  Y.  Office,   11th  Floor,  Fuller  Bldg. 


THE   EXPORT  ADV.  AGENCY 
Speciaiitts  on  Export  Advertising 
Chicago,  111. 


TURNER'Soi  BULLETIN 


A  Publisher  Writes : 

"Vou  are  certainly  opening  the 
eyes  of  the  public  on  Circulation 
lixnminations !'' 

Yes,  Mr.  Publisher;  and  what's 
more.  1  have  proof  of  everything  I 
say. 

Try  me  on  Proof  ! 


THE  DATA  CIR.  AUDIT  CO..  Newark,  N.  J. 


THE     DAILY     ADVOCATE 

r.iii.v   Stamford,  Connecticut.  "1  ......v 


New  Vorli  Representative, 
Flaherty's   New   York    Suburban    Li 
ir.o  Nassau  St.  New  York  City. 


126 


